小升初语法——there be结构（专项训练）-2025-2026学年人教PEP版（三起）（2012）英语六年级下册

2025-2026学年小升初英语语法专项训练——there be结构（通用版） 一、核心知识点精讲 1. 基本结构：There + be动词 + 主语 + 地点/时间状语，核心含义为“某地/某时存在某人/某物”，强调“存在关系”，而非“所属关系”（与have/has区分）。 2. 就近原则：be动词的单复数形式，由距离它最近的主语的单复数决定。 3. 时态变化规则时态核心结构一般现在时There is/are一般过去时There was/were一般将来时There will be / There is/are going to be现在完成时There have/has been 4. 句式变形规则 · 否定句：be动词/助动词后加not，some同步改为any · 一般疑问句：be动词/助动词提至句首，some同步改为any · 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句语序 5. 高频易错点 · 否定词few/little/never/no等，视为否定含义，反义疑问句用“前否后肯” · 不可数名词（milk/water/bread/news等）作主语，be动词用单数形式 · 严禁出现There have/has的错误结构 二、专项分层训练 （一）用be动词的适当形式填空（15小题） 1. There ______ a pen and two books on the desk. 2. There ______ some milk in the bottle just now. 3. There ______ a football match in our school tomorrow. 4. There ______ any students in the classroom now. 5. There ______ few apples left in the fridge, let's go to buy some. 6. There ______ a lot of rain in this area last summer. 7. There ______ two pairs of glasses on the table last night. 8. There ______ an interesting film in the cinema next week. 9. ______ there any bread on the plate this morning? 10. There ______ not any water in the glass, so I can't drink it. 11. There ______ a cat, three dogs and some birds in the yard. 12. There ______ some beautiful flowers and a small tree in the garden last spring. 13. There ______ going to ______ an English test next Monday. 14. There ______ no people in the room at that time. 15. There ______ much homework to do this weekend, so I can't go out to play. （二）单项选择题（15小题） （ ）1. There ______ a new library in our town next year. A. is B. will have C. will be D. are （ ）2. There ______ some water in the cup. A. am B. is C. are D. be （ ）3. ______ there any books on the shelf just now? A. Are B. Is C. Were D. Was （ ）4. There ______ a pencil-box and two rulers on the desk. A. is B. are C. have D. has （ ）5. There ______ any milk in the bottle. Let's buy some. A. is B. isn't C. are D. aren't （ ）6. —______ is there in the box? —There is a toy car in it. A. Where B. What C. Who D. When （ ）7. There ______ a sports meeting in our school last month. A. was B. were C. is D. are （ ）8. There ______ six people in my family. A. have B. has C. is D. are （ ）9. There ______ going to ______ a concert this weekend. A. is; be B. are; be C. is; have D. are; have （ ）10. There is little water in the glass, ______? A. is there B. isn't there C. is it D. isn't it （ ）11. There ______ lots of good news in today's newspaper. A. is B. are C. have D. has （ ）12. —Are there any apples on the tree? —______. A. Yes, there is B. No, there isn't C. Yes, there are D. No, there are （ ）13. There ______ many changes in my hometown since 2020. A. have been B. has been C. are D. were （ ）14. There ______ a pair of shoes under the bed. A. is B. are C. have D. has （ ）15. Which of the following sentences is RIGHT? A. There have a book on the desk. B. There is going to have a party tomorrow. C. There are some tea in the cup. D. There were no students in the classroom yesterday. （三）句型转换（按要求完成句子，每空一词） 1. There is some rice in the bowl.（改为否定句） There ______ ______ rice in the bowl. 2. There are some beautiful flowers in the garden.（改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答） —______ ______ ______ beautiful flowers in the garden? —Yes, ______ ______. 3. There was a football match on TV last night.（改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答） —______ ______ a football match on TV last night? —No, ______ ______. 4. There will be a new park in our city next year.（改为否定句） There ______ ______ a new park in our city next year. 5. There are three people in my family.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ people ______ ______ in your family? 6. There is a computer on the desk.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ on the desk? 7. There are some books in the schoolbag.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ ______ any books? 8. There is going to be an English party this Friday.（改为否定句） There ______ going to ______ an English party this Friday. 9. There were some birds in the tree just now.（改为否定句） There ______ ______ birds in the tree just now. 10. There is a little milk in the bottle.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ milk ______ ______ in the bottle? （四）按要求完成句子 A. 汉译英（必须使用there be结构，注意时态与单复数） 1. 桌子上有一本英语书和两支钢笔。 _____________________________________________________________________ 2. 昨天晚上公园里有一场音乐会。 _____________________________________________________________________ 3. 下周我们学校将会有一场篮球比赛。 _____________________________________________________________________ 4. 杯子里没有水了。 _____________________________________________________________________ 5. 冰箱里还有一些鸡蛋吗？ _____________________________________________________________________ 6. 这个盒子里有什么？ _____________________________________________________________________ 7. 去年我们村子里没有高楼。 _____________________________________________________________________ 8. 春天花园里有很多漂亮的花。 _____________________________________________________________________ 9. 明天下午会议室里有一个会议吗？ _____________________________________________________________________ 10. 袋子里几乎没有面包了，我们去买一些吧。 _____________________________________________________________________ B. 单句改错（每句仅有一处错误，找出并改正） 1. There have some apples on the table. ______ 改为 ______ 2. There is going to have a meeting tomorrow. ______ 改为 ______ 3. There are some milk in the glass. ______ 改为 ______ 4. There was two pens and a ruler in the pencil-box just now. ______ 改为 ______ 5. There aren't some books on the shelf. ______ 改为 ______ 6. There is many water in the bottle. ______ 改为 ______ 7. There will have a new film next week. ______ 改为 ______ 8. There are a cat and three dogs in the yard. ______ 改为 ______ 9. Is there any students in the classroom now? ______ 改为 ______ 10. There were no car in the street ten years ago. ______ 改为 ______ （五）完形填空 Welcome to my bedroom.1 a small but tidy room. Let's have a look. 2 a big bed near the window. On the bed, 3 some lovely toys and a soft quilt. Next to the bed, 4 a desk and a chair. On the desk, 5 a lamp, some books and a pencil-box. 6 a computer on the desk, either. There is a bookshelf between the desk and the bed. 7 many interesting storybooks on it. I like reading them very much. What about the wall?8 many nice pictures on the wall. I draw them with my sister. Last year,9 only a small shelf in my bedroom, but now I have a big one. Next month, 10 a new wardrobe in my room. I love my bedroom very much. （ ）1. A. There is B. It's C. There are D. They are （ ）2. A. There is B. There are C. Have D. Has （ ）3. A. there is B. there are C. have D. has （ ）4. A. there is B. there are C. have D. has （ ）5. A. there is B. there are C. have D. has （ ）6. A. There is B. There isn't C. There are D. There aren't （ ）7. A. There is B. There are C. Have D. Has （ ）8. A. There is B. There are C. Have D. Has （ ）9. A. there is B. there are C. there was D. there were （ ）10. A. there is B. there will be C. there was D. there are 三、参考答案与详细解析 （一）用be动词的适当形式填空 1. is 解析：考查就近原则，离be动词最近的主语a pen是单数，用is。 2. was 解析：just now（刚才）是一般过去时标志，milk是不可数名词，用was。 3. will be / is going to be 解析：tomorrow（明天）是一般将来时标志，there be的将来时结构为will be/is going to be。 4. aren't 解析：now是一般现在时标志，students是复数，any用于否定句，故用aren't。 5. are 解析：apples是可数名词复数，few表“几乎没有”，不改变be动词的单复数，用are。 6. was 解析：last summer（去年夏天）是一般过去时标志，rain是不可数名词，用was。 7. were 解析：last night（昨晚）是一般过去时标志，two pairs of glasses是复数，用were。 8. will be / is going to be 解析：next week（下周）是一般将来时标志，用there be的将来时结构。 9. Was 解析：this morning（今天早上）是过去时间，bread是不可数名词，句首首字母大写，用Was。 10. is 解析：water是不可数名词，句子为一般现在时，用is。 11. is 解析：考查就近原则，离be动词最近的主语a cat是单数，用is。 12. were 解析：last spring（去年春天）是一般过去时标志，离be动词最近的主语flowers是复数，用were。 13. is; be 解析：next Monday是将来时，there be的将来时结构is going to be，主语an English test是单数，第一空用is，第二空用be动词原形。 14. were 解析：at that time（在那时）是一般过去时标志，people是复数概念，用were。 15. is 解析：homework是不可数名词，句子为一般现在时，用is。 （二）单项选择题 1. C 解析：next year是一般将来时，there be的将来时正确结构为will be，不能与have混用，故选C。 2. B 解析：water是不可数名词，be动词用is，故选B。 3. C 解析：just now是一般过去时，books是复数，be动词用were，句首首字母大写，故选C。 4. A 解析：考查就近原则，离be动词最近的主语a pencil-box是单数，用is，故选A。 5. B 解析：any用于否定句，milk是不可数名词，否定形式用isn't，故选B。 6. B 解析：答句是物品，用疑问词What提问，故选B。 7. A 解析：last month是一般过去时，主语a sports meeting是单数，用was，故选A。 8. D 解析：six people是复数，there be结构用are，不能与have混用，故选D。 9. A 解析：there be的将来时结构be going to be，主语a concert是单数，第一空用is，第二空用be原形，故选A。 10. A 解析：little是否定词，反义疑问句遵循“前否后肯”，there be结构的反义疑问句用be there，故选A。 11. A 解析：news是不可数名词，be动词用is，故选A。 12. C 解析：Are there开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答为Yes, there are. 否定回答为No, there aren't. 故选C。 13. A 解析：since 2020是现在完成时标志，主语many changes是复数，用have been，故选A。 14. A 解析：a pair of shoes的核心是pair，为单数，be动词用is，故选A。 15. D 解析：A/B选项错误，there be不能与have混用；C选项tea是不可数名词，be动词用is；D选项时态、单复数均正确，故选D。 （三）句型转换 1. isn't; any 解析：否定句在is后加not，缩写为isn't，some改为any。 2. Are; there; any; there; are 解析：一般疑问句把are提至句首，some改为any；肯定回答为Yes, there are. 3. Was; there; there; wasn't 解析：一般疑问句把was提至句首，否定回答为No, there wasn't. 4. won't; be 解析：一般将来时的否定句，在will后加not，缩写为won't，后接be动词原形。 5. How; many; are; there 解析：对可数名词数量提问用How many，后接一般疑问句语序。 6. What; is 解析：对物品提问用What，后接be动词is。 7. Where; are; there 解析：对地点提问用Where，后接一般疑问句语序。 8. isn't; be 解析：be going to结构的否定句，在is后加not，缩写为isn't，后接be动词原形。 9. weren't; any 解析：否定句在were后加not，缩写为weren't，some改为any。 10. How; much; is; there 解析：对不可数名词的数量提问用How much，后接一般疑问句语序。 （四）按要求完成句子 A. 汉译英（参考答案） 1. There is an English book and two pens on the desk. 2. There was a concert in the park last night. 3. There will be a basketball match in our school next week. 4. There isn't any water in the glass. 5. Are there any eggs in the fridge? 6. What is there in the box? 7. There were no tall buildings in our village last year. 8. There are many beautiful flowers in the garden in spring. 9. Will there be a meeting in the meeting room tomorrow afternoon? 10. There is little bread in the bag. Let's go to buy some. B. 单句改错（参考答案） 1. have 改为 are 解析：there be结构不能与have混用，主语apples是复数，用are。 2. have 改为 be 解析：there be的将来时结构为is going to be，不能用have。 3. are 改为 is 解析：milk是不可数名词，be动词用is。 4. was 改为 were 解析：考查就近原则，离be动词最近的主语two pens是复数，过去式用were。 5. some 改为 any 解析：否定句中，some要改为any。 6. many 改为 much 解析：water是不可数名词，用much修饰，many修饰可数名词复数。 7. have 改为 be 解析：there be的将来时结构为will be，不能用have。 8. are 改为 is 解析：考查就近原则，离be动词最近的主语a cat是单数，用is。 9. Is 改为 Are 解析：主语students是复数，be动词用are。 10. car 改为 cars / were 改为 was 解析：两种改法均可：①car改为cars，与were保持单复数一致；②were改为was，与car保持单复数一致。 （五）完形填空 1. B 解析：句意为“它是一个小而整洁的房间”，此处描述房间的属性，用It's，there be表“存在”，不符合语境。 2. A 解析：句意为“窗边有一张大床”，主语a big bed是单数，用There is。 3. B 解析：句意为“床上有一些可爱的玩具和一床柔软的被子”，主语toys是复数，用there are。 4. A 解析：考查就近原则，离be动词最近的主语a desk是单数，用there is。 5. A 解析：考查就近原则，离be动词最近的主语a lamp是单数，用there is。 6. B 解析：either用于否定句末尾，主语a computer是单数，否定形式用There isn't。 7. B 解析：主语storybooks是复数，用There are。 8. B 解析：主语pictures是复数，用There are。 9. C 解析：Last year是一般过去时，主语a small shelf是单数，用there was。 10. B 解析：Next month是一般将来时，用there will be。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $