Unit 1 How tall are you？（期中知识清单）六年级英语下学期（人教PEP版）

知识清单·人教PEP版六年级下册 Unit 1 How tall are you? 知识梳理 知识点拨 ➊ 形容词的比较级和最高级 ➋特殊疑问句 考点一：形容词的比较级和最高级 I’m taller than this dinosaur. Some dinosaurs are bigger than houses. Some are smaller than our schoolbags. 一、概念 形容词修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、 状态和特征。一般形容词有三个等级：1.原级。2.比 较级，表示“更⋯⋯”或“较⋯⋯”，用于两个人或事 物之间的比较。3.最高级，表示“最⋯⋯”，用于三 个或三个以上的人或事物的比较。 二、构成 形容词的比较级和最高级一般由原级变化而 来，分为规则变化和不规则变化。 (1)规则变化 情况 变化规则 例词 一般情况 直接加-er或-est tall—taller—tallest 以e结尾的词 加-r或-st late—later—latest 重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时 双写该辅音字母再加-er或-est big—bigger—biggest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词 变 y 为 i 再加-er或-est busy—busier—busiest 多数多音节词 在原级前加more或most beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful (2)不规则变化 原形 比较级 最高级 good/ well better best bad/ ill worse worst many/ much more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest old older oldest 三、形容词比较等级的用法 (1)表示两者程度相同或不同时用形容词原级，肯定式用“as…as”表示“像……一样”，否定式用“not as…as”或“not so…as”表示“……不 如……”。 例：Jim is as tall as you.吉姆和你一样高。 Jim is not as/ so tall as you.吉姆不如你高。 (2)比较级的常用结构：A+be动词+形容词比较 级+than+B.形容词比较级前可以加程度副词： much、a lot、a little、even、still等，表示“…… 得多”，“甚至...”，“更...一些”。 例：Mike is older than Peter.迈克比彼得年长。 This apple is much bigger than that one. 这个苹果比那个苹果大得多。 (3)有一些形容词比较级的惯用结构：“比较级+ and +比较级”“more and more +形容词”意 为“越来越……”;“the+比较级, the+比较级” 意为“越……，越……”。 例：I'm thinner and thinner.我越来越瘦。 Kate is more and more beautiful.凯特越来越漂亮。 The more, the better.越多越好。 (4)最高级的常用结构为“the+形容词最高级+of/ in…”表示“在……中，……最……”。 例：Joe is the tallest of all.乔是所有人里最高的。 (5)"one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数“表示 “最……之一”。 例：China is one of the largest countries in the world.中国是世界上最大的国家之一。 【大显身手】 一、写出下列单词的比较级和最高级。 1. tall __________ __________ 2. smart __________ __________ 3. long __________ __________ 4. nice __________ __________ 5. large __________ __________ 6. busy __________ __________ 7. heavy __________ __________ 8. big __________ __________ 9. thin __________ __________ 10. pretty __________ __________ 11. many __________ __________ 12. little __________ __________ 13. difficult __________ __________ 14. lovely __________ __________ 15. few __________ __________ 二、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. John is __________(young) than Mike but __________(tall) than Mike. 2. My brother is not as __________(tall) as me. 3. Which is __________(heavy), a hen or a duck? 4. —How __________(tall) is Sally? —She's 1.55 metres __________(tall). 5. Xiaoling is the __________(short) girl in the class. 6. A watermelon is much __________(big) than an apple. 7. An orange is a little __________(small) than an eggplant. 8. The Yellow River is the second __________(long) river in China. 9. Sue is a little __________(beautiful) than her sister. 10. Annie plays the piano very __________(well). Sue plays it __________(well) than Annie. 三、单项选择。 ( )1. Jim is 1.53 metres. Peter is 3 centimetres __________ than him. A. longer B. taller C. heavier ( )2. The Yangtze River（长江）is __________river in China. A. long B. longest C. the longest ( )3. The weather is getting __________. A. hotter and hot B. hot and hotter C. hotter and hotter ( )4. She is __________ of all. A. clever B. cleverer C. the cleverest ( )5. This bike is as __________ as that red one. A. cheap B. cheaper C. the cheapest ( )6. The __________ English you practice,the __________ your English is. A. more; better B. much; better C. more; good ( )7. I'm one year __________ than you. A. old B. older C. oldest ( )8. I have __________ arms of all the girls. A. long B. longer C. the longest 考点二：特殊疑问句 How heavy is it? What size are your shoes? 一、概念 特殊疑问句通常用来询问具体情况，常用疑问词when, who, whose, which, why, where和how等引导。特殊疑问句不用yes或no回答，而是要根据实际情况进行回答。朗读特殊疑问句时通常用降调。 二、特殊疑问句的结构 （一）疑问词作主语或主语的定语时，特殊疑问句语序与陈述句相同。 (1)疑问词（作主语）+谓语+其他？例： Who moved my cheese?谁动了我的奶酪？ Which is the biggest?哪个是最大的？ (2)疑问词（作主语修饰语）+主语+谓语+其他？ 例: Whose children went there yesterday?昨天谁的孩子去那里了？ How many students are there in the lab?实验室里有多少学生？ （二）疑问词作主语或主语的定语外的其他句子 成分时，结构为：疑问词+一般疑问句？例： 例: Where do you want to go for a trip?你想去哪里旅行？ What time does the second class begin?第二节课几点开始？ 注意：特殊疑问句的语序 特殊疑问句的语序多数情况下和一般疑问句一样，只是把疑问词及其所修饰的名词放在句首。 例: Do you go to school at seven every morning?（一般疑问句） 你每天早上在七点去上学吗？ What time do you go to school every morning?（特殊疑问句：将What+ time放句首） 你每天早上几点去上学？ 【大显身手】 一、根据句意，填上合适的疑问词（组）。 1.—__________is thinner, Amy or Sarah? —Amy. 2.—__________is that tree? —It's 3.78 metres. 3.—__________are you? —I'm 62 kilograms. 4.—__________is your dress?—Size L. 5.—__________is your father? —He is 37 years old. 二、给下列问句选择合适的答语。A. Sam's. B. Because I have homework to do. C. They' re going on a trip to the countryside. D. Peter. E. In the morning. ( )1. When is the shadow longer? ( )2. Whose feet are bigger? ( )3. Who's heavier than you? ( )4. What are they going to do? ( )5. Why don't you go together? 三、对画线部分提问。 1. My new dress is 99 yuan. __________ __________ is your new dress? 2. That dinosaur is 4.85 metres tall. __________ __________ is that dinosaur? 3. Longlong's shoes are size 40. __________ __________ are Longlong's shoes? 4. Sarah's dad is 80 kilograms. __________ __________is Sarah's dad? 写作指引 本单元写作主题“用形容词比较级描述人物” 1、 方法指导 用形容词比较级描述人物可分为三步：第一步开头，介绍人物的基本情况；第二步正文，详细从年龄、身高、体重等要素进行比较；第三步结尾，表达自己对人物的情感。 2、 素材积累 必备词汇 必备句型 开头 friend, brother, teacher, student ·I have a good friend. 正文 年龄：young, younger, old, older 身高：tall, taller, short, shorter 体重：thin, thinner, heavy, heavier 大小：big, bigger, small, smaller 其他：stronger, longer, smarter, kilograms, size... ·He is 12 years old. He is older than me. ·He is 1.62 metres. He is taller than me. ·He is 42 kilograms. He is heavier than me. ·He likes playing sports. He is stronger than me. 结尾 love, happy ·I'm happy to have a good friend like him. 三、写作训练 Tom要给家人介绍他的新笔友。根据表格信息，以“My Penfriends”为题来介绍他的两位新笔友吧！要求：语句通顺；正确运用比较级句型，不少于50词。 My Penfriends 综合训练 一、根据所给首字母提示填空。 1. My grandfather likes to go f in the forest park. 2. Sally went to Sanya with her family over the s holiday. 3. Y I saw a film in the cinema. 4. We b some gifts in the shop in London. 5. My brother h his legs when he played basketball. 二、从方框中选择合适词组完成句子，填字母代号，其中有一项是多余的。 A. look out of   B. wakes ... up    C. cheering for    D. wait for    E. too much   F. look out for 6. Alice likes eating sweet food. It’s bad for her health. 7. Can’t you see the red man? We must stop and the green man. 8. The boys are watching a football match. They are the players. 9. Who Mike every morning? 10. We must cars and bikes when we cross the road. 三、单项选择。 ( )11. He ______ swimming last night. A. don’t go B. not went C. didn’t go ( )12. My feet are bigger than ______. A. me B. yours C. mine ( )13. —______ did you do there?          —I ate fresh food. A. What B. When C. How ( )14. My brother is 1.8m metres ______. A. long B. heavy C. tall ( )15. —What size are your mother’s shoes?      —Her shoes are ______. A. 36 big B. 36 size C. size 36 ( )16. Three years ago, Miss Green _____ riding. But now she _____ driving. A. like; like B. liked; like C. liked; likes ( )17. I want ______ gifts for my mom. A. buy B. to go C. to buy ( )18. —Did you ______ your room? —Yes, I did. A. clean B. cleaned C. cleaning ( )19. It ______ like an apple. A. look B. looks C. looking ( )20. —______ are you? —I’m 46 kg. A. How tall B. How heavy C. How old 四、选择句子完成对话，使对话通顺、完整，其中有一项是多余的。 Kate: Hi, Tom. Tom: Hi, Kate! 21 Kate: I went to Dali. Tom: Really? 22 Kate: I went with my parents. It’s very warm. Tom: 23 Kate: We visited Erhai Lake and took lots of pictures there. We were so tired. Tom: What else did you do there? Kate: 24 And we ate delicious food in the restaurant. Tom: Great! 25 Kate: It’s far. We went there by train. A. We rode bikes around the lake. B. How did your family go there? C. Did you have fun there? D. Where did you go over the holiday? E. Who did you go with? F. What did you do there? 五、联系上下文选词填空，并将其序号填在横线上。 A. rode B. will C. younger D. went E. camping Hi! I’m Amy. I’m thirteen years old. Sally is my good friend. She is two years 26 than me. We have the same hobby. We all like 27 and sports. Last weekend, we 28 camping in the forest park. We also ate delicious food and 29 a bike. That was fun. Next weekend we 30 go hiking. We are happy together. 六、句型转换。 31. Mary is younger than Jack. (写出同义句) Jack is _________ _________ Mary. 32. Jack often goes boating on Sundays. (用yesterday改写句子) Jack _________ boating _________. 33. I stayed at home the day before yesterday. (对画线部分提问) _________ did you _________ the day before yesterday? 34. We climbed mountains together last weekend. (变成一般疑问句) _________ you _________ mountains together last weekend? 35. Tom saw a film last Saturday. (对画线部分提问) ______ did Tom ______ last Saturday? 七、阅读理解。 My name is Wang Li. Let’s meet my family. There are three people in my family: my father, my mother and me. My mother is 1.65 metres and 53 kilograms. She is shorter and thinner than my father. My father is 75 kilograms. He is stronger than my mother. My hair is 30 cm. My hair is longer than my mother’s. My legs are shorter than my father’s. My mother is taller than me. I love my father and my mother. We live happily every day. ( )36. My father is ________ than my mother. A. younger B. stronger C. thinner ( )37. My mother is ________ than me. A. heavier B. smaller C. taller ( )38. ________ is 30 cm. A. My hair B. My mother’s hair C. My neck ( )39. My father’s legs are ________ than my legs. A. shorter B. longer C. smaller ( )40. How heavy is my mother? A. 53 kilograms. B. 75 kilograms. C. 1.65 metres. 八、阅读理解。 February 9th Sunday sunny I went to Hainan with my family over the winter holiday. It was a big and beautiful island. The weather there was warm and sunny, even in winter. Hainan is far from my home, so we went there by train. The first day we went swimming and took a lot of pictures. The beaches were full of people. And I had to use sunscreen, because I didn’t want to be hurt by the strong sunlight. The next day we went camping by the lake. We also ate delicious food in the restaurant. There were many kinds of seafood. They were all fresh. It was an unforgettable (难以忘怀的) trip. I think Hainan is a nice place to spend a vacation. 41. 根据短文内容，选择正确答案。 ( )(1) The passage is ______. A. a diary          B. a letter           C. an email ( )(2) Which word in the second paragraph means 防晒霜? A. sunlight          B. sunscreen          C. full ( )(3) What did they do in Hainan? (多选) A. B. C. D. E. F. 42. 根据短文内容，回答问题。 (1) How did they go to Hainan? ______________________________________________________________________________ (2) What did they do on the second day? ______________________________________________________________________________ (3) Did they enjoy their trip? ______________________________________________________________________________ 43. 下面是Li Ming去年七月去北京旅行的信息。假如你是Li Ming，请以My trip为题，根据表格提示，介绍一下自己的旅行情况吧！ 要求：条理清晰，语句通顺，要点全面，可适当发挥。不少于7句话。 where Beijing when last July how by train who parents what climb the Great Wall   take photos feelings great My trip 参考答案 考点一：形容词的比较级和最高级 一、1. taller; tallest 2. smarter; smartest 3. longer; longest 4. nicer; nicest 5. larger; largest 6. busier; busiest 7. heavier; heaviest 8. bigger; biggest 9. thinner; thinnest 10. prettier; prettiest 11. more; most 12. less; least 13. more difficult; most difficult 14. lovelier; loveliest 15. fewer; fewest 二、1. younger; taller【点拨】 than是比较级的标志。 2. tall【点拨】 not as+形容词原级+as，表示“不如······”。 3. heavier【点拨】比较级用于两者之间进行比较。 4. tall; tall【点拨】问答某人多高，用形容词原级。 5. shortest【点拨】 in the class 是比较范围，故用形容词最高级形式。 6. bigger 7. smaller 8. longest【点拨】 the+形容词最高级，表示“最……”。 9. more beautiful【点拨】 beautiful 为多音节词，变比较级，在前面加 more。 10. well; better 三、1. B【点拨】此处是比较身高，用 taller。 2. C【点拨】句意为“长江是中国最长的河”。形容词最高级前要加定冠词 the。 3. C【点拨】 get意为“变得”。“比较级+ and+比较级”意为“越来越······”。 4.C 【点拨】of all表示一个比较范围，故用clever的最高级形式cleverest。形容词最高级前要加the。 5.A 【点拨】as…as意为“和⋯⋯一样”，形容词用原级。 6.A 【点拨】“the+比较级，the+比较级”意为“越⋯⋯，越⋯⋯”。 7.B 【点拨】由than可知，前面的形容词用比较级形式。 8.C 【点拨】of all the girls为一个比较范围，故用long的最高级形式longest。形容词最高级前要加the。 考点二：特殊疑问句 一、1.Who 【点拨】根据题意可知用疑问词Who。 2.How tall 【点拨】根据答语可知询问树的高度，用疑问词组How tall。 3.How heavy 【点拨】根据答语可知询问的是体重，用疑问词组How heavy。 4.What size 【点拨】根据答语可知询问的是裙子的尺码，用疑问词组What size。 5.How old 【点拨】根据答语可知询问的是父亲的年龄，用疑问词组How old。 二、1.E 【点拨】询问什么时候影子更长，答语应表示时间，故选E。 2.A 【点拨】询问谁的脚更大，答语应为名词所有格/形容词性物主代词+feet。故选A。 3.D 【点拨】询问谁比你重，答语应为人名。故选D。 4.C 【点拨】询问他们打算做什么，答语应为表示计划的陈述句。 5.B 【点拨】询问为什么你不一起去，答语应为不去的原因。故选B。 三、1.How much 2.How tall 3.What size 4.How heavy 写作范文 My Penfriends I have two new penfriends.They are John and Tim.John is 12 years old.Tim is one year older than John.He is also taller than John.Tim is 48 kilograms.John is 45 kilograms.Tim is heavier than John.Tim's feet are even bigger than John's.John wears size 40 shoes and Tim wears size 41 shoes.John likes singing,and Tim likes playing football.I'm happy to have penfriends like them. 综合训练参考答案 1. fishing 2. summer 3. Yesterday 4. bought 5. hurt 6. E 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. F 11. C 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. C 16. C 17. C 18. A 19. B 20. B 21. D 22. E 23. F 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. E 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. older than 32. went yesterday 33. What do 34. Did climb 35. What do 36. B 37. C 38. A 39. B 40. A 41. A B ABDE 42. They went there by train. They went camping by the lake and ate delicious food in the restaurant. Yes, they did. 43. 范文： My trip I am Li Ming. Last July, I went to Beijing with my parents. We got there by train. We visited the Palace Museum and Tian’anmen Square. We climbed the Great Wall. We took some beautiful photos. We also ate Peking Duck. It’s delicious. This trip was great and I was very happy. 第 1 页 共 13 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $