专题20 阅读判断：事实核对与判断（培优讲义）（全国通用）2026年中考英语二轮复习高效培优系列

专题20 阅读判断：事实核对与判断 目 录 第一部分 考情精析 锁定靶心 高效备考 第二部分 重难考点深解 深度溯源 扫清盲区 【考点01】直接事实核对 【考点02】间接事实核对 【考点03】推理类判断 【考点04】偷换概念/张冠李戴 第三部分 解题思维优化 典例精析+方法提炼+变式巩固 核心考向聚焦 事实核对的精准度与逻辑判断的合理性是考查重点，在各地中考阅读判断中频繁出现。同义替换识别、偷换概念辨析、未提及与错误的区分也有涉及，但相对比重较小，核心始终围绕“原文有据可依”展开。 关键能力与思维瓶颈 关键能力：掌握题干关键词定位技巧（人名、地名、数字、核心动词），能快速从语篇中检索有效事实信息；熟练区分“正确、错误、未提及”的判断标准，能精准识别同义替换、偷换概念等陷阱，准确核对事实细节。需通过语篇实操突破。熟练进行事实整合与合理推理，能结合原文多句信息，归纳核对后做出判断，清晰区分“原文直接事实”与“过度推理”的界限。需强化判断规则应用。 培优瓶颈：主要受中文思维干扰，忽略事实细节的精准核对，易凭主观印象判断；同时，判断规则记忆碎片化，对“未提及”与“错误”的界限区分不清晰，偷换概念、限定词陷阱识别能力弱，在综合语篇中易失分。需强化事实核对与规则归类记忆。 命题前瞻与备考策略 预测：2026年中考中，将在真实语境语篇（校园生活、环保、文化传承、科技）中，灵活考查事实核对与逻辑判断能力。将更注重真实情境下的应用，侧重间接事实核对与合理推理，强化细节辨析，弱化机械记忆，突出“原文有据可依”的核心原则。同义替换、偷换概念、限定词辨析仍是高频考查点，部分地区会增加细节密集型语篇，考查精准核对能力。 策略：备考应放弃对孤立判断规则的死记硬背，转向 “规则建模”与“语篇应用” 。重点训练： 1. 紧扣真题，建立阅读判断错题本（事实核对偏差、判断标准混淆、陷阱误判），强化在语篇中精准核对事实、规范判断的能力。 2. 熟记“正确、错误、未提及”的核心判断规则，专项练习直接事实核对、间接事实核对、推理类判断等高频应用题型，并与不同话题语篇结合训练，提升综合判断能力。 ◇考点 01 直接事实核对 一、考查重点 核心考查“题干信息与原文信息的直接匹配”，题干的关键词（人名、地名、数字、时间、核心动词/名词）在原文中可直接找到，且信息完全一致（或同义替换），无需推理、无需整合，是阅读判断的送分题。 二、解题重难点突破 重点：快速圈画题干关键词，精准定位原文对应句子，核对信息是否完全匹配； 难点：识别“同义替换”（如原文“like”→题干“enjoy”），避免因“表述不同”误判为“错误”或“未提及”。 三、核心解题技巧 圈画题干关键词：优先圈出专有名词（人名、地名）、数字、时间、核心动词/名词，明确核对方向； 原文快速定位：根据关键词，在原文中找到对应的句子（通常是1-2句），标记核心信息； 精准核对：对比题干与原文信息，若完全一致（或同义替换），判断为A（正确）；若矛盾，判断为B（错误）；若未找到对应信息，判断为C（未提及）； 验证：确保核对的是“同一信息”，不遗漏关键词，不被无关信息干扰。 四、典例短文+题目解析（中考难度） 典例短文 My name is Zhang Wei. I am a 15-year-old student from No. 2 Middle School. I usually go to school by bike at 7:30 every morning. My favorite subject is Chinese, and I often read books in the school library after school. On weekends, I usually help my parents do housework and play basketball with my friends. 题目（判断A/B/C） 1. Zhang Wei is a 15-year-old student from No. 2 Middle School. （ ） 2. Zhang Wei usually goes to school on foot at 7:30 every morning. （ ） 3. Zhang Wei likes Chinese best. （ ） 题目解析： 1. 题干关键词：Zhang Wei、15-year-old、No. 2 Middle School；定位原文“I am a 15-year-old student from No. 2 Middle School.”，题干信息与原文完全一致，判断为A（正确）。 2. 题干关键词：Zhang Wei、go to school、on foot、7:30；定位原文“I usually go to school by bike at 7:30 every morning.”，题干“on foot（步行）”与原文“by bike（骑自行车）”矛盾，判断为B（错误）。 3. 题干关键词：Zhang Wei、likes Chinese best；定位原文“My favorite subject is Chinese”，“favorite”与“likes...best”是同义替换，信息一致，判断为A（正确）。 易｜错｜提｜醒 1. 同义替换不算错误：如“like”与“enjoy”、“usually”与“often”、“favorite”与“like...best”，表述不同但语义一致，需判断为A； 2. 关键词不可遗漏：题干中的数字、地名、人名必须与原文完全一致，若有一处不符（如“15岁”vs“14岁”），则判断为B； 3. 直接定位，不推理：无需额外添加主观想法，找到原文对应句子即可核对，避免过度延伸。 （一） （2026·吉林长春·模拟预测）When people want to say something is very pleasant, they often say it’s “as sweet as honey”. Sugar didn’t reach Europe until the twelfth century, so until then, honey was the only sweetener in the Western world. Honey is one of the most natural foods, and it doesn’t easily go bad with age. Honey found in ancient tombs has been there for thousands of years, but still tastes good. This is because there are no chemicals (化学物质) in honey. Honey is produced by a kind of insect called the honeybee. The honeybee is always busy. It visits hundreds of flowers in order to collect just one teaspoon of honey. For a pound of honey, the honeybee flies a very long way—three times the distance around the world and makes visits to about two million flowers. This unbelievable effort just shows how valuable every drop of honey truly is. There are over 250 kinds of honey in the United States alone. Generally, the lighter the color of the honey is, the better the honey is. Very high-grade honey comes from certain flowers. Besides being a sweet food, honey is also used in many traditional medicines and beauty products. Bears love honey as much as humans do. However, the bears in places like Alaska and some faraway parts of Siberia can’t find honey to eat, because it is too cold for the honeybee to live there. Like the flowers that come out in spring, honey reminds us that sweet things in life are worth waiting for. 根据短文内容，判断句子正(T)、误(F)。 1．Before the twelfth century, sugar was popular in Europe. 2．Ancient honey still tastes good because people add special things in it. 3．The honeybee visits around two million flowers to collect one pound of honey. 4．The color of the honey can tell us something about its weight and place. 5．Honey cannot be found in Alaska because it is too cold for honeybees. （二） （2026·新疆吐鲁番·一模）Long long ago, there was a king in India who loved to play. One day, he said, “I want something fun to play with. If anyone can give it to me, I will give this person what he wants.” Soon, a clever young man gave the king a kind of chess. The chessboard had 64 squares. The chess pieces had names like king, ministers, elephants, and horses. It was very interesting. The king never got tired of it. The king said to the man, “What do you want? I can give you anything.” The man said,“I only want some wheat (小麦).” The king said, “No problem. How much do you want?” The man answered, “Just put one grain (粒) of wheat on the first square, two on the second, four on the third, and eight on the fourth. Keep doubling the number until all 64 squares are full.” The king thought it was easy and accepted at once. But soon he found it was not simple at all. At first, one grain, then two, then four... It didn’t seem much. But the number grew very fast. By the 20th square, one bag of wheat was not enough. The king asked his officers to bring more and more bags. But the chessboard was like a big hole. Even all the wheat in the whole country was not enough. The king was very surprised but he did not know why. Do you know the reason? 6．The king wanted something fun to play with. 7．The young man asked for some money and wheat. 8．The king thought the man’s request was easy at first. 9．The king felt surprised when he found he couldn’t put enough wheat on the chessboard. 10．One bag of wheat was enough for the 20th square of the chessboard. （三） （2026·甘肃天水·一模）What do you usually do before exams? Are there any special traditions in your country? In the US, students have different habits before exams. Some wear “lucky” clothes, like special socks, to bring good luck. In Germany, we have some fun traditions before taking big exams. One is called “Abistreich”. Students play funny jokes on teachers and decorate (装饰) the school in silly ways. I remember when we filled a teacher’s office with balloons, he laughed so much! In the Republic of Korea, we give our friends sticky rice cakes and taffies (太妃糖) before exams. This is because the word “stick” sounds like “pass” in Korean. People believe that having sticky food helps students “stick” to success and pass their tests. It is a good way to show support and wish each other good luck. 阅读短文，根据其内容判断下列句子正误。正确填 (涂) A、错误填 (涂) B。 11．American students wear special socks to wish for good luck before exams. 12．In Germany, students play funny jokes on classmates before big exams. 13．The word “stick” sounds similar to “pass” in Korean. 14．People in the Republic of Korea believe having sticky food helps students keep healthy. 15．The passage is mainly about some traditions before exams. ◇考点 02 间接事实核对 一、考查重点 核心考查“题干信息与原文信息的间接匹配”，题干信息不能直接在原文中找到完整对应，需要结合原文2-3个句子的信息，整合、归纳后，再与题干核对，侧重“信息整合”能力，是中考阅读判断的核心得分点。 二、解题重难点突破 重点：找到原文中与题干相关的所有信息，整合核心要点，再与题干核对； 难点：避免“信息遗漏”或“过度整合”，确保整合后的信息与题干语义一致，不偏离原文。 三、核心解题技巧 分析题干：明确题干表达的核心信息（如“做了什么事”“有什么特点”），确定检索范围； 多线索定位：在原文中找到所有与题干相关的句子，标记每个句子的核心信息，避免遗漏； 整合信息：提炼各句子的核心要点，删除重复信息，归纳出与题干对应的完整信息； 核对判断：将整合后的原文信息与题干对比，一致则为A，矛盾则为B，无相关信息则为C。 四、典例短文+题目解析（中考难度） 典例短文 Weekends are a good time for students to relax. On Saturday morning, most students go to the library to read books or do homework. In the afternoon, some students help their parents do housework, while others play sports with their friends. On Sunday, many students go to the park with their families or visit their grandparents. They all enjoy their weekends and feel relaxed. 题目（判断A/B/C） 1. Students usually do different things on weekends to relax. （ ） 2. All students go to the library to read books on Saturday morning. （ ） 3. Students often visit their grandparents on Saturday afternoon. （ ） 题目解析： 1. 题干关键词：students、different things、weekends、relax；定位原文“On Saturday morning...read books or do homework”“In the afternoon...do housework or play sports”“On Sunday...go to the park or visit grandparents”，整合信息可知“学生周末做不同的事来放松”，与题干一致，判断为A（正确）。 2. 题干关键词：All students、library、Saturday morning；定位原文“On Saturday morning, most students go to the library”，题干“All（所有）”与原文“most（大多数）”矛盾，判断为B（错误）。 3. 题干关键词：visit grandparents、Saturday afternoon；定位原文“On Sunday...visit their grandparents”，题干“Saturday afternoon（周六下午）”与原文“Sunday（周日）”时间不符，矛盾，判断为B（错误）。 易｜错｜提｜醒 1. 注意限定词：题干中的“all、only、never、always”等限定词，需重点核对，原文若为“most、sometimes、usually”，则与题干矛盾（如本题“All”vs“most”）； 2. 整合信息要全面：需找到所有相关句子，不可只提取部分信息（如题干问“周末做的事”，需整合周六、周日的所有活动）； 3. 时间、地点要精准：题干中的时间、地点需与原文完全匹配，细微差异（如“周六”vs“周日”）均属于矛盾，判断为B。 （一） （2025·福建厦门·模拟预测）An elephant and a monkey live in the same forest. They are good friends, but both of them are very proud. The elephant is proud because he is strong and the monkey is proud because he is so quick. At last they ask the owl (猫头鹰) to judge (裁判) which is better, to be strong or to be quick. The owl asks them to do as he says. He asks them to go to the island and bring him some bananas. The elephant crosses the river, but the monkey can’t because the water runs too fast. Though the elephant gets there, the bananas are too high to reach. The elephant has to come back. He asks the monkey to get on his back. As soon as they get there, the monkey quickly climbs up the tree and throws some bananas to the elephant. He catches them with his nose. Then they come back to the owl and give him the fruit. The owl says the elephant can’t get the bananas by himself, and the monkey can’t either. They can get the bananas only when they help each other. 根据短文内容，判断句子正（T）、误（F）。 1．The monkey is proud because he is so quick. 2．The owl asks the elephant and the monkey to go to the island and bring him some apples. 3．The monkey can’t cross the river because the water runs so fast. 4．The elephant has to come back because the bananas are too high to reach. 5．The monkey can get the bananas by himself without the elephant’s help. （二） （2025·云南丽江·一模）Yunnan, a province in China, has many special traditions. Let’s learn about them! There are lots of festivals in Yunnan. The Water Festival is for the Dai people. It usually falls in mid-April. During this festival, people throw water on each other. They believe it will bring good luck, wash away bad things, and welcome a new start. The Torch (火把) Festival is important to the Yi people. At night, they hold torches and dance around the fire, wishing for a good harvest (收获). It is really exciting! The clothes in Yunnan are very beautiful. The Bai people’s clothes have many colors and patterns. Women often wear white blouses and colorful skirts. They look like beautiful flowers waving in the wind. The Yi people’s clothes are also special. Men wear black hats. Women’s clothes have beautiful embroidery (刺绣). Each pattern has its own meaning. The food in Yunnan is delicious. Rice noodles are very famous. People put fresh meat, vegetables, and rich soup in the noodles. They taste great! The Dai people’s bamboo rice is special too. They cook rice in bamboo, and when it is opened, the delicious smell fills the air. This traditional dish not only tastes good but also shows the Dai people’s special way of life. Yunnan’s traditions are amazing. The festivals, clothes, and food show us the wisdom of the people there. We should learn more about it and help keep these traditions alive! 6．People in Yunnan celebrate the Water Festival in mid-May. 7．The Torch Festival is mainly celebrated during the day by the Yi people. 8．Patterns on Yi people’s clothes carry specific meanings. 9．The Bai people’s traditional food is bamboo rice. 10．The text mainly talks about special traditions of Yunnan. （三） （2025·吉林松原·模拟预测）When it comes to travelling, most people would choose to go with their families or friends. But now many are choosing new travel friends—their pets. Zeng Qingbin is one such person. Over the past eight years, the 35-year-old from Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, has traveled across the country with his dog. In Zeng’s eyes, these dogs are like his children. “I’ve always dreamed of letting them run freely on grasslands with mountains in the background,” Zeng said. As traveling with pets becomes more popular in China, related services are also growing. Zhang Wei, who is interested in pet hiking, has organized about 180 pet trips since 2022. Each trip usually includes two to five guides for groups of up to 30 owners and their dogs. “Safety is the most important, and all the guides are trained to deal with different emergencies (紧急情况) in the mountains,” Zhang said. Before a trip, Zhang’s team asks pet owners to fill out a form about their dogs to provide a better service. At the same time, airlines have begun offering charter (包租) services for pet owners to travel across the country and even internationally. On June 14, China’s first outbound (开往外国的) charter flight allowing pets landed at Shanghai Pudong International Airport after taking 60 tourists and 18 pet dogs to Thailand. There will be more trips to South Korea, Southeast Asia and Europe. Though pet tourism in China is still in its early stages and faces many challenges, it is becoming a promising area in the tourism industry, experts said. Zeng is looking forward to having more travel chances for his dogs in the future. “I plan to see as much as possible with my dogs and let them experience everything the world has to offer,” said Zeng. 根据短文内容，判断下列句子正 (T)、误 (F)。 1．Most people would go travelling with their pets in the past. 2．As travelling with pets becomes more popular with Chinese, related services are also growing. 3．Zhang Wei has organized about 180 pet trips during 2 years. 4．To provide a better service, the pet owners need to fill out a form about their dogs. 5．China’s outbound charter flights have allowed pets travelled to Southeast Asia. ◇考点 03 推理类判断 一、考查重点 核心考查“基于原文事实的合理推理”，题干信息不能直接在原文中找到，也不能通过简单整合得到，需要结合原文信息，进行合理推导（不脱离原文、不主观脑补），再判断题干是否正确，侧重“逻辑推理”能力。 二、解题重难点突破 重点：找到原文中的推理线索（逻辑词、情感词、细节描述），确保推理有依据； 难点：区分“合理推理”与“过度推理”，避免脱离原文主观脑补，误将“未提及”判断为“正确”或“错误”。 三、核心解题技巧 圈画题干关键词，定位原文相关段落，重点关注逻辑词（because、but、so）、情感词（happy、worried、important）； 结合原文细节，进行合理推导：推导结果必须是原文信息的“必然延伸”，不能添加无依据的内容； 核对判断：若推导结果与题干一致，判断为A；若推导结果与题干矛盾，判断为B；若无法从原文推导得出，判断为C； 验证：确保推理不偏离原文主旨，不过度延伸（如原文“喜欢阅读”，不可推导出“每天读10本书”）。 四、典例短文+题目解析（中考难度） 典例短文 Tom is a student in Grade 8. He used to be lazy and often didn’t finish his homework. His grades were very poor, and he often felt sad. His teacher talked to him and encouraged him to work hard. Tom decided to change. He started to get up early to study every day and ask for help when he had problems. After two months, his grades improved a lot, and he became more confident. 题目（判断A/B/C） 1. Tom was not confident before he changed. （ ） 2. Tom’s teacher helped him change his bad habits. （ ） 3. Tom will get the best grades in his class next term. （ ） 题目解析： 1. 题干关键词：Tom、not confident、before changed；定位原文“he often felt sad”“After two months...he became more confident”，可合理推导出“Tom改变前不自信”，与题干一致，判断为A（正确）。 2. 题干关键词：Tom’s teacher、helped him change；定位原文“His teacher talked to him and encouraged him to work hard. Tom decided to change”，可推导出“老师的鼓励帮助他决定改变”，与题干一致，判断为A（正确）。 3. 题干关键词：Tom、best grades、next term；原文只说“grades improved a lot”（成绩提升很多），无法推导出“下学期会拿到班级最好成绩”，属于过度推理，原文无相关依据，判断为C（未提及）。 易｜错｜提｜醒 1. 推理必须有依据：所有推理都要基于原文细节，不能主观脑补（如本题“成绩提升”不能推导出“最好成绩”）； 2. 避免过度推理：推导结果不能超出原文范围，原文未提及的内容，即使“合理”，也判断为C； 3. 情感、态度可推理：通过原文的情感词（sad、confident），可合理推导人物的态度、状态（如“sad”可推导出“不开心、不自信”）。 （一） （2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟预测）I was visiting my grandpa’s farm in Kansas, and Grandpa sent me into the woods to pick up pecans (山核桃) for us to enjoy later. I wasn’t about to let him down. So I had to go alone. Plunk! I dropped another pecan into my basket. Then a gentle autumn wind blew some more off the tree. I ran to pick them up. Ah! Pecan picking was hard. My basket was only half full. Then something caught my eye: a squirrel (an animal) picked up a pecan, climbed up a tree and disappeared into a large hole. A moment later, the squirrel climbed down to the ground to pick another pecan. Once again, he took the pecan back to his secret hiding place inside the hollow (洞) of the tree. Not so secret anymore, I thought. I ran over to the tree and found the hollow was filled with sweet pecans. They were right there for the taking. This was my chance. Without thinking twice, I took all the pecans from the hollow. Now the basket was full! I was so proud of myself. I couldn’t wait to show Grandpa all of the pecans I’d collected. Grandpa took a look at my basket. “Well, how did you find so many, Jimmy?” I told him how I’d followed the squirrel and taken the pecans from his hiding place. Grandpa praised me for finding out something about the squirrel’s habits. Then he did something that surprised me. He handed the basket back to me and put his arm gently around my shoulders. “That squirrel worked very hard to collect his winter food,” he said. “Now that all of his pecans are gone, don’t you think that little squirrel will be very hungry when it gets cold?” “But a good man should never take advantage of someone else’s hard work, even the squirrel’s.” Suddenly I felt as hollow as that old tree. The image (形象) of that hungry squirrel wouldn’t leave my mind. There was only one thing I could do. 根据短文内容判断正、误(正确涂A，错误涂B)。 1．The writer went to the woods at the beginning of the story to feed the squirrel. 2．The writer was proud of himself because he filled his basket with so many pecans. 3．We know from the passage, all of the squirrels in the hollow were taken away. 4．The possible ending to the story is the writer put none of the pecans back into the hole. 5．The main idea of the passage is that we should value anyone else’s hard work besides animals. （二） （2025·吉林通化·模拟预测）Do you often listen to music very loudly? You should know this habit is bad for your ears. More than 1 billion young people might lose their hearing because they listen to very noisy sounds for a long time. Listening to music or watching TV shows loudly can hurt your hearing. The UN has rules for safe listening. It’s not safe to listen to sounds that are louder than 85 dB for eight hours or 100 dB for 15 minutes. The sound on a busy road is about 85 dB and a rock concert is about 100 dB． Loud noise is bad for the inside of your ear. Most of us are born with around 16,000 hair cells (毛细胞) in our inner ears. These cells can feel sounds. But listening to loud noise for a long time makes these cells work too much and some of them die. That’s why people lose their hearing. Once this happens, it’s hard to get their hearing back. Some people may think their music isn’t very loud. But it depends on where you are. For example, if you are in a noisy place like the subway, you might make your music too loud without knowing. Later, when you listen to it at the same volume in a quiet place, you might feel bad. The “safe level” for most sounds is below 80 dB for up to 40 hours a week. A level of 80 dB is like the noise of a subway. Here is some advice on safe listening. Headphones that go over your ears are better than the ones that go inside your ears. They can stop outside noise better, so you can listen at a lower volume. Don’t listen to very loud music on your headphones for a long time. Follow the 60:60 rule: listen to music at 60 percent of your headphones’ biggest volume for no more than 60 minutes a day. 根据短文内容，判断下列句子的正(T)误(F)。 6．It’s safe to listen to sounds louder than 100 dB for 15 minutes. 7．Listening to loud noise for long can make some hair cells in the inner ears die. 8．Paragraph 4 shows some people don’t always know how loud their music is. 9．In-ear headphones are better than over-the-ear ones as they can stop more outside noise. 10．This article mainly tells us why ears are important to our bodies. （三） （25-26九年级上·甘肃平凉·月考）Do you know the famous saying, “Life is like a box of chocolates, you never know what you will get.” The surprise is part of the fun in our life. Now blind boxes are quite popular. Merchants (商家) fill the box with random (随机的) toys which usually come from movies, comics and cartoons. Many people like to buy them to find out what will be inside. The earliest blind boxes were first invented in Japan in the late 1860s. Getting blind boxes was a New Year’s tradition. At that time, they called the blind box “a lucky bag”. Blind boxes were introduced to China in 2014, and quickly became popular. Most customers for blind boxes are young people aged 18 to 35. Blind box toys are popular in part because of their cute appearances. The cute mini-sized cartoon figurines (小塑像) are suitable to place almost anywhere. What makes them even more exciting is the mystery—you never know what you’ll get until you open one. This surprise is the main reason why people love them so much. Opening a blind box is a little surprise for our daily lives. When people open this little box, they may be disappointed, but the fun part is not knowing what’s inside. This makes people want to open more blind boxes and hope for a better one. In fact, though the blind boxes are full of fun, we should make a rational (理智的) decision when we buy them. 阅读以上材料，根据其内容判读下列句子正误。正确填 (涂) A，错误填 (涂) B。 11．People don’t know things inside when they buy blind boxes. 12．The earliest blind boxes came from Japan in 1860. 13．Blind boxes first came out in China in 2014. 14．The cute appearances are the main reason why people love blind boxes. 15．The writer wrote the text is to ask more people to buy blind boxes. ◇考点 04 偷换概念/张冠李戴 一、考查重点 核心考查“细节辨析”能力，题干通过“偷换关键词”“混淆人物/时间/地点”“改变范围”等方式设置陷阱，看似与原文相关，实则信息不符，是学生最易失分的考点，也是中考高频易错点。 二、解题重难点突破 重点：细致核对题干与原文的关键词，区分“相似信息”与“一致信息”； 难点：识别“细微差异”（如“人物A”vs“人物B”、“a few”vs“few”、“in the morning”vs“in the afternoon”），避免被“表面相似”误导。 三、核心解题技巧 圈画题干所有关键词，尤其是“人物、时间、地点、数量、程度”等易被偷换的词； 定位原文对应句子，逐字逐词核对，重点关注“细微差异”； 判断陷阱：若题干偷换关键词、混淆人物/时间/地点，或改变范围、程度，判断为B；若未找到对应信息，判断为C； 验证：确保题干的每一个关键词都与原文一致，无任何细微偏差。 四、典例短文+题目解析（中考难度） 典例短文 There are two students in our class: Lucy and Lily. They are twins. Lucy likes reading books and playing the piano. She usually reads books for an hour every evening. Lily likes playing sports and drawing pictures. She often plays basketball with her friends after school. Both of them are hard-working and popular in our class. 题目（判断A/B/C） 1. Lucy likes playing sports and drawing pictures. （ ） 2. Lily usually reads books for an hour every evening. （ ） 3. Lucy and Lily are hard-working and popular. （ ） 题目解析： 1. 题干关键词：Lucy、playing sports、drawing pictures；定位原文“Lucy likes reading books and playing the piano”“Lily likes playing sports and drawing pictures”，题干将Lily的爱好偷换给Lucy，属于张冠李戴，判断为B（错误）。 2. 题干关键词：Lily、reads books、an hour、every evening；定位原文“Lucy...usually reads books for an hour every evening”，题干将Lucy的行为偷换给Lily，属于张冠李戴，判断为B（错误）。 3. 题干关键词：Lucy and Lily、hard-working、popular；定位原文“Both of them are hard-working and popular in our class”，“Both of them”指代Lucy and Lily，信息一致，判断为A（正确）。 易｜错｜提｜醒 1. 人物、爱好、行为要对应：重点核对“谁做了什么”，避免张冠李戴； 2. 数量、程度词要精准：如“a few（一些，肯定）”vs“few（几乎没有，否定）”、“many（很多）”vs“some（一些）”，细微差异会导致判断错误； 3. 不要急于判断：遇到“表面相似”的题干，务必逐字核对原文，避免被偷换概念陷阱误导。 （一） （2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）Helen was a girl who liked wasting time thinking about her tasks instead of doing them at once. Though her teacher advised her to change, she didn’t care at all. One morning, her neighbour Mr. Black, the owner of a fruit shop, said to Helen, “I need some grapes. Could you go to Mr. Green’s farm to pick some for me? I will pay you 15 cents a kilo for all that you pick for me. But you’d better go there as soon as possible.” Helen agreed right away and then quickly ran home to get a basket to hold the grapes. After getting home, she couldn’t help counting in her mind how much money she would get if she picked five kilos. After finding that she would get 75 cents, she started to dream big, “If I picked ten kilos, how much would I make then?” “Wow!” she shouted, “Unbelievable! I would make a dollar and fifty cents!” Ten minutes passed, twenty minutes passed, and then an hour passed... She still lost herself in her big dream. Before she realized it, it was lunchtime. She had to stay at home to eat lunch. As soon as lunch was over, she hurried to the farm. However, some boys had been there, and nearly all the grapes were picked. She tried her best but could not find even half a kilo to fill the basket! All of a sudden, Helen thought of what her teacher had told her, “Do your task at once, and never waste too much time dreaming. One doer (行动者) is worth 100 dreamers.” 根据短文内容判断正、误。(注意：正确的涂“A”，错误的涂“B”) 1．Mr. Green would pay Helen if she picked grapes for him. 2．Helen ran home quickly to get a basket of grapes. 3．If Helen picked 10 kilos of grapes, she would get 1.5 dollars. 4．Helen went to the farm after having lunch at home. 5．The story tells us that it’s better to do at once than to waste too much time dreaming. （二） （2025·吉林·中考真题）As we know, China is developing fast in science and technology. Surprising robot Can you imagine a robot swimming like a fish in the sea? A group of scientists at Westlake University in China have made one. Its name is Sea Guru II. In March, 2025, the robot went 2,000 metres under the South China Sea successfully. Smart Beidou When you open a map on your phone in China, it is probably guided by the Beidou navigation Satellite System (BDS, 北斗卫星导航系统). China started to build the BDS in 1994. It’s never an easy thing. Over 400 teams and more than 300,000 scientists have come together to solve big problems in building it. Fast train Do you want to travel on the fastest train in the world? The CR450 made by the China Railway Group is a new high-speed train that can travel at 400 km/h on average (平均). Its highest speed is 453 km/h. Before this, the fastest high-speed train in the world was China’s CR400. What’s more, CR450 stops quickly and makes little noise. It will further meet people’s wishes for a better experience. 根据短文内容，判断下列句子正 (T)、误 (F)。 6．Sea Guru Ⅱ went 2,000 metres under the South China Sea in March, 2025. 7．It is easy for Chinese teams and scientists to build the BDS. 8．The fastest high-speed train in the world is China’s CR400 now. 9．The high-speed trains CR450 and CR400 are made in China. 10．The passage shows China’s development in science and technology. （三） （2025·黑龙江·中考真题）The Siberian tiger is the largest of all tigers. An adult male can grow up to 3.3 meters in length and weigh as much as 300 kilograms. Although Siberian tigers are strong, they are one of the most endangered animals. There are less than 500 of these beautiful animals still living in the world. Long ago, Siberian tigers were common all over the Northeast Asia and the Russia Far East. However, today they are found mainly along the Chinese-Russian border (边境). When people build cities and cut down trees, it means the tigers have less food and less space to live in. That’s the main reason why the number of the Siberian tigers is reducing. In recent years, China has set up natural reserves (保护区) and begun to protect the Siberian tigers. There are also plenty of Siberian tigers in zoos. It is hoped that some of these tigers can return to the wild. Of course, they would need to learn how to hunt and take care of themselves. An adult Siberian tiger requires up to 100 square kilometers of forest to live in. At present, there is not enough forest available to support so many Siberian tigers in the wild. Judge the sentences below true (T) or false (F) according to the passage. 1．The Siberian tiger is larger than any other tiger in the world. 2．Siberian tigers are the most dangerous animals. 3．Long ago, it was hard to see the Siberian tigers in the Northeast Asia. 4．There are fewer and fewer Siberian tigers mainly because of less food and less space. 5．Siberian tigers have full room to live in the wild now. 典｜例｜精｜析 典例3（2025·新疆·中考真题）根据短文内容，判断下面各小题的正（T）误（F）。 An elephant and her baby were alone in the forest. They had to leave their family, for the little baby was too small to keep up with the other big elephants. Whenever the mother looked at the sweet, little baby elephant, she would say, “As long as you are small, I shall do anything to protect you and take care of you. When you are big, you will have to fight for yourself. You will have to be very careful if you want to reach your full size.” In the day, when she saw him pick up some leaves with his trunk (象鼻) and put them into his mouth, she was pleased. When they met other big animals, she would cry angrily and guard him. In the night, she stood close to him until morning, for she knew a lion might be near. As time went by, the baby elephant grew big enough to follow his mother and then they met the other big elephants. They returned to their family! At last, they came to a beautiful river. There they lived a happy life together. 1．The mother elephant and her baby were in the forest with their family. 2．The mother elephant would try her best to protect her baby. 3．When the baby elephant is big, he has to fight for himself. 4．In the night, the mother elephant stood far from her baby. 5．The mother elephant and her baby returned to their family at last. 6 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题20 阅读判断：事实核对与判断 目 录 第一部分 考情精析 锁定靶心 高效备考 第二部分 重难考点深解 深度溯源 扫清盲区 【考点01】直接事实核对 【考点02】间接事实核对 【考点03】推理类判断 【考点04】偷换概念/张冠李戴 第三部分 解题思维优化 典例精析+方法提炼+变式巩固 核心考向聚焦 事实核对的精准度与逻辑判断的合理性是考查重点，在各地中考阅读判断中频繁出现。同义替换识别、偷换概念辨析、未提及与错误的区分也有涉及，但相对比重较小，核心始终围绕“原文有据可依”展开。 关键能力与思维瓶颈 关键能力：掌握题干关键词定位技巧（人名、地名、数字、核心动词），能快速从语篇中检索有效事实信息；熟练区分“正确、错误、未提及”的判断标准，能精准识别同义替换、偷换概念等陷阱，准确核对事实细节。需通过语篇实操突破。熟练进行事实整合与合理推理，能结合原文多句信息，归纳核对后做出判断，清晰区分“原文直接事实”与“过度推理”的界限。需强化判断规则应用。 培优瓶颈：主要受中文思维干扰，忽略事实细节的精准核对，易凭主观印象判断；同时，判断规则记忆碎片化，对“未提及”与“错误”的界限区分不清晰，偷换概念、限定词陷阱识别能力弱，在综合语篇中易失分。需强化事实核对与规则归类记忆。 命题前瞻与备考策略 预测：2026年中考中，将在真实语境语篇（校园生活、环保、文化传承、科技）中，灵活考查事实核对与逻辑判断能力。将更注重真实情境下的应用，侧重间接事实核对与合理推理，强化细节辨析，弱化机械记忆，突出“原文有据可依”的核心原则。同义替换、偷换概念、限定词辨析仍是高频考查点，部分地区会增加细节密集型语篇，考查精准核对能力。 策略：备考应放弃对孤立判断规则的死记硬背，转向 “规则建模”与“语篇应用” 。重点训练： 1. 紧扣真题，建立阅读判断错题本（事实核对偏差、判断标准混淆、陷阱误判），强化在语篇中精准核对事实、规范判断的能力。 2. 熟记“正确、错误、未提及”的核心判断规则，专项练习直接事实核对、间接事实核对、推理类判断等高频应用题型，并与不同话题语篇结合训练，提升综合判断能力。 ◇考点 01 直接事实核对 一、考查重点 核心考查“题干信息与原文信息的直接匹配”，题干的关键词（人名、地名、数字、时间、核心动词/名词）在原文中可直接找到，且信息完全一致（或同义替换），无需推理、无需整合，是阅读判断的送分题。 二、解题重难点突破 重点：快速圈画题干关键词，精准定位原文对应句子，核对信息是否完全匹配； 难点：识别“同义替换”（如原文“like”→题干“enjoy”），避免因“表述不同”误判为“错误”或“未提及”。 三、核心解题技巧 圈画题干关键词：优先圈出专有名词（人名、地名）、数字、时间、核心动词/名词，明确核对方向； 原文快速定位：根据关键词，在原文中找到对应的句子（通常是1-2句），标记核心信息； 精准核对：对比题干与原文信息，若完全一致（或同义替换），判断为A（正确）；若矛盾，判断为B（错误）；若未找到对应信息，判断为C（未提及）； 验证：确保核对的是“同一信息”，不遗漏关键词，不被无关信息干扰。 四、典例短文+题目解析（中考难度） 典例短文 My name is Zhang Wei. I am a 15-year-old student from No. 2 Middle School. I usually go to school by bike at 7:30 every morning. My favorite subject is Chinese, and I often read books in the school library after school. On weekends, I usually help my parents do housework and play basketball with my friends. 题目（判断A/B/C） 1. Zhang Wei is a 15-year-old student from No. 2 Middle School. （ ） 2. Zhang Wei usually goes to school on foot at 7:30 every morning. （ ） 3. Zhang Wei likes Chinese best. （ ） 题目解析： 1. 题干关键词：Zhang Wei、15-year-old、No. 2 Middle School；定位原文“I am a 15-year-old student from No. 2 Middle School.”，题干信息与原文完全一致，判断为A（正确）。 2. 题干关键词：Zhang Wei、go to school、on foot、7:30；定位原文“I usually go to school by bike at 7:30 every morning.”，题干“on foot（步行）”与原文“by bike（骑自行车）”矛盾，判断为B（错误）。 3. 题干关键词：Zhang Wei、likes Chinese best；定位原文“My favorite subject is Chinese”，“favorite”与“likes...best”是同义替换，信息一致，判断为A（正确）。 易｜错｜提｜醒 1. 同义替换不算错误：如“like”与“enjoy”、“usually”与“often”、“favorite”与“like...best”，表述不同但语义一致，需判断为A； 2. 关键词不可遗漏：题干中的数字、地名、人名必须与原文完全一致，若有一处不符（如“15岁”vs“14岁”），则判断为B； 3. 直接定位，不推理：无需额外添加主观想法，找到原文对应句子即可核对，避免过度延伸。 （一） （2026·吉林长春·模拟预测）When people want to say something is very pleasant, they often say it’s “as sweet as honey”. Sugar didn’t reach Europe until the twelfth century, so until then, honey was the only sweetener in the Western world. Honey is one of the most natural foods, and it doesn’t easily go bad with age. Honey found in ancient tombs has been there for thousands of years, but still tastes good. This is because there are no chemicals (化学物质) in honey. Honey is produced by a kind of insect called the honeybee. The honeybee is always busy. It visits hundreds of flowers in order to collect just one teaspoon of honey. For a pound of honey, the honeybee flies a very long way—three times the distance around the world and makes visits to about two million flowers. This unbelievable effort just shows how valuable every drop of honey truly is. There are over 250 kinds of honey in the United States alone. Generally, the lighter the color of the honey is, the better the honey is. Very high-grade honey comes from certain flowers. Besides being a sweet food, honey is also used in many traditional medicines and beauty products. Bears love honey as much as humans do. However, the bears in places like Alaska and some faraway parts of Siberia can’t find honey to eat, because it is too cold for the honeybee to live there. Like the flowers that come out in spring, honey reminds us that sweet things in life are worth waiting for. 根据短文内容，判断句子正(T)、误(F)。 1．Before the twelfth century, sugar was popular in Europe. 2．Ancient honey still tastes good because people add special things in it. 3．The honeybee visits around two million flowers to collect one pound of honey. 4．The color of the honey can tell us something about its weight and place. 5．Honey cannot be found in Alaska because it is too cold for honeybees. 【答案】1．F 2．F 3．T 4．F 5．T 【解析】本文围绕蜂蜜展开介绍，先说明蜂蜜曾是十二世纪前西方唯一的甜味剂，是天然不易变质的食物；接着讲述蜂蜜由蜜蜂酿造，蜜蜂为酿蜜需付出巨大努力，体现蜂蜜的珍贵；然后介绍美国蜂蜜的种类、蜂蜜品质与颜色的关联，以及蜂蜜除食用外还用于传统医药和美妆产品；最后提及阿拉斯加等寒冷地区因蜜蜂无法生存而没有蜂蜜，结尾以蜂蜜喻理，告诉我们生活中的美好事物值得等待。 1．第一段第二句“Sugar didn’t reach Europe until the twelfth century, so until then, honey was the only sweetener in the Western world.”明确指出，糖直到十二世纪才传入欧洲，说明十二世纪前欧洲根本没有糖，更谈不上受欢迎，与句子表述矛盾。 2．第一段最后两句“Honey found in ancient tombs has been there for thousands of years, but still tastes good. This is because there are no chemicals in honey.”说明古蜂蜜不变质、味道依旧的原因是蜂蜜中不含任何化学物质，而非添加了特殊东西，与句子表述相反。 3．第二段第四句“For a pound of honey, the honeybee flies a very long way—three times the distance around the world and makes visits to about two million flowers.”直接表述为了一磅蜂蜜，蜜蜂要造访约两百万朵花，与句子表述一致。 4．第三段第二、三句“Generally, the lighter the color of the honey is, the better the honey is. Very high-grade honey comes from certain flowers.”仅说明蜂蜜的颜色与品质相关，句子表述无原文依据。 5．第四段第二句“However, the bears in places like Alaska and some faraway parts of Siberia can’t find honey to eat, because it is too cold for the honeybee to live there.”明确指出阿拉斯加的熊找不到蜂蜜的原因是气候太冷，蜜蜂无法在那里生存，与句子表述一致。 （二） （2026·新疆吐鲁番·一模）Long long ago, there was a king in India who loved to play. One day, he said, “I want something fun to play with. If anyone can give it to me, I will give this person what he wants.” Soon, a clever young man gave the king a kind of chess. The chessboard had 64 squares. The chess pieces had names like king, ministers, elephants, and horses. It was very interesting. The king never got tired of it. The king said to the man, “What do you want? I can give you anything.” The man said,“I only want some wheat (小麦).” The king said, “No problem. How much do you want?” The man answered, “Just put one grain (粒) of wheat on the first square, two on the second, four on the third, and eight on the fourth. Keep doubling the number until all 64 squares are full.” The king thought it was easy and accepted at once. But soon he found it was not simple at all. At first, one grain, then two, then four... It didn’t seem much. But the number grew very fast. By the 20th square, one bag of wheat was not enough. The king asked his officers to bring more and more bags. But the chessboard was like a big hole. Even all the wheat in the whole country was not enough. The king was very surprised but he did not know why. Do you know the reason? 6．The king wanted something fun to play with. 7．The young man asked for some money and wheat. 8．The king thought the man’s request was easy at first. 9．The king felt surprised when he found he couldn’t put enough wheat on the chessboard. 10．One bag of wheat was enough for the 20th square of the chessboard. 【答案】1．T 2．F 3．T 4．T 5．F 【解析】本文讲述了一个印度国王因喜爱玩耍而获得象棋，年轻人要求以棋盘格数成倍增加小麦作为奖赏，最终国王发现所需小麦远超想象的故事。 1．第一段指出：“Long long ago, there was a king in India who loved to play.”，说明国王喜欢玩耍，因此他想要好玩的东西，该陈述正确。 2．第四段中年轻人说：“I only want some wheat.”，说明他只要小麦，并未要求钱，因此该陈述错误。 3．第七段指出：“The king thought it was easy and accepted at once.”，说明国王起初觉得要求简单并立即接受，因此该陈述正确。 4．最后一段提到：“The king was very surprised but he did not know why.”，说明国王发现无法放够小麦时感到惊讶，该陈述正确。 5．倒数第二段指出：“By the 20th square, one bag of wheat was not enough.”，说明到第20格时一袋小麦已不够，因此该陈述错误。 （三） （2026·甘肃天水·一模）What do you usually do before exams? Are there any special traditions in your country? In the US, students have different habits before exams. Some wear “lucky” clothes, like special socks, to bring good luck. In Germany, we have some fun traditions before taking big exams. One is called “Abistreich”. Students play funny jokes on teachers and decorate (装饰) the school in silly ways. I remember when we filled a teacher’s office with balloons, he laughed so much! In the Republic of Korea, we give our friends sticky rice cakes and taffies (太妃糖) before exams. This is because the word “stick” sounds like “pass” in Korean. People believe that having sticky food helps students “stick” to success and pass their tests. It is a good way to show support and wish each other good luck. 阅读短文，根据其内容判断下列句子正误。正确填 (涂) A、错误填 (涂) B。 11．American students wear special socks to wish for good luck before exams. 12．In Germany, students play funny jokes on classmates before big exams. 13．The word “stick” sounds similar to “pass” in Korean. 14．People in the Republic of Korea believe having sticky food helps students keep healthy. 15．The passage is mainly about some traditions before exams. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文介绍了不同国家学生考试前的特色传统。 1．根据“In the US, students have different habits before exams. Some wear ‘lucky’ clothes, like special socks, to bring good luck.”可知，美国学生考前穿特殊袜子求好运。此题表述正确，故选A。 2．根据“In Germany, we have some fun traditions before taking big exams. One is called ‘Abistreich’. Students play funny jokes on teachers...”可知，德国学生是对老师开玩笑，不是同学。此题表述错误，故选B。 3．根据“In the Republic of Korea...This is because the word ‘stick’ sounds like ‘pass’ in Korean.”可知，韩语中“stick”和“pass”发音相似。此题表述正确，故选A。 4．根据“In the Republic of Korea...People believe that having sticky food helps students ‘stick’ to success and pass their tests.”可知，韩国人认为sticky食物能帮助学生通过考试，不是保持健康。此题表述错误，故选B。 5．通读全文，文章围绕美国、德国、韩国学生考试前的传统展开。此题表述正确，故选A。 ◇考点 02 间接事实核对 一、考查重点 核心考查“题干信息与原文信息的间接匹配”，题干信息不能直接在原文中找到完整对应，需要结合原文2-3个句子的信息，整合、归纳后，再与题干核对，侧重“信息整合”能力，是中考阅读判断的核心得分点。 二、解题重难点突破 重点：找到原文中与题干相关的所有信息，整合核心要点，再与题干核对； 难点：避免“信息遗漏”或“过度整合”，确保整合后的信息与题干语义一致，不偏离原文。 三、核心解题技巧 分析题干：明确题干表达的核心信息（如“做了什么事”“有什么特点”），确定检索范围； 多线索定位：在原文中找到所有与题干相关的句子，标记每个句子的核心信息，避免遗漏； 整合信息：提炼各句子的核心要点，删除重复信息，归纳出与题干对应的完整信息； 核对判断：将整合后的原文信息与题干对比，一致则为A，矛盾则为B，无相关信息则为C。 四、典例短文+题目解析（中考难度） 典例短文 Weekends are a good time for students to relax. On Saturday morning, most students go to the library to read books or do homework. In the afternoon, some students help their parents do housework, while others play sports with their friends. On Sunday, many students go to the park with their families or visit their grandparents. They all enjoy their weekends and feel relaxed. 题目（判断A/B/C） 1. Students usually do different things on weekends to relax. （ ） 2. All students go to the library to read books on Saturday morning. （ ） 3. Students often visit their grandparents on Saturday afternoon. （ ） 题目解析： 1. 题干关键词：students、different things、weekends、relax；定位原文“On Saturday morning...read books or do homework”“In the afternoon...do housework or play sports”“On Sunday...go to the park or visit grandparents”，整合信息可知“学生周末做不同的事来放松”，与题干一致，判断为A（正确）。 2. 题干关键词：All students、library、Saturday morning；定位原文“On Saturday morning, most students go to the library”，题干“All（所有）”与原文“most（大多数）”矛盾，判断为B（错误）。 3. 题干关键词：visit grandparents、Saturday afternoon；定位原文“On Sunday...visit their grandparents”，题干“Saturday afternoon（周六下午）”与原文“Sunday（周日）”时间不符，矛盾，判断为B（错误）。 易｜错｜提｜醒 1. 注意限定词：题干中的“all、only、never、always”等限定词，需重点核对，原文若为“most、sometimes、usually”，则与题干矛盾（如本题“All”vs“most”）； 2. 整合信息要全面：需找到所有相关句子，不可只提取部分信息（如题干问“周末做的事”，需整合周六、周日的所有活动）； 3. 时间、地点要精准：题干中的时间、地点需与原文完全匹配，细微差异（如“周六”vs“周日”）均属于矛盾，判断为B。 （一） （2025·福建厦门·模拟预测）An elephant and a monkey live in the same forest. They are good friends, but both of them are very proud. The elephant is proud because he is strong and the monkey is proud because he is so quick. At last they ask the owl (猫头鹰) to judge (裁判) which is better, to be strong or to be quick. The owl asks them to do as he says. He asks them to go to the island and bring him some bananas. The elephant crosses the river, but the monkey can’t because the water runs too fast. Though the elephant gets there, the bananas are too high to reach. The elephant has to come back. He asks the monkey to get on his back. As soon as they get there, the monkey quickly climbs up the tree and throws some bananas to the elephant. He catches them with his nose. Then they come back to the owl and give him the fruit. The owl says the elephant can’t get the bananas by himself, and the monkey can’t either. They can get the bananas only when they help each other. 根据短文内容，判断句子正（T）、误（F）。 1．The monkey is proud because he is so quick. 2．The owl asks the elephant and the monkey to go to the island and bring him some apples. 3．The monkey can’t cross the river because the water runs so fast. 4．The elephant has to come back because the bananas are too high to reach. 5．The monkey can get the bananas by himself without the elephant’s help. 【答案】1．T 2．F 3．T 4．T 5．F 【解析】本文是一篇寓言故事，讲述了大象和猴子各自骄傲于自己的长处，但通过猫头鹰的考验，它们发现只有互相帮助才能成功。 1．根据短文中的“The monkey is proud because he is so quick.”可知，猴子因为自己速度快而骄傲，与题目描述一致。故答案为T。 2．根据短文中的“He asks them to go to the island and bring him some bananas.”可知，猫头鹰让大象和猴子去岛上带回一些香蕉，而不是苹果，与题目描述不符。故答案为F。 3．根据短文中的“The elephant crosses the river, but the monkey can’t because the water runs too fast.”可知，猴子因为水流太快而无法过河，与题目描述一致。故答案为T。 4．根据短文中的“Though the elephant gets there, the bananas are too high to reach. The elephant has to come back.”可知，大象因为香蕉太高够不到而不得不回来，与题目描述一致。故答案为T。 5．根据短文中的“The owl says the elephant can’t get the bananas by himself, and the monkey can’t either. They can get the bananas only when they help each other.”可知，猴子无法独自得到香蕉，需要大象的帮助，与题目描述不符。故答案为F。 （二） （2025·云南丽江·一模）Yunnan, a province in China, has many special traditions. Let’s learn about them! There are lots of festivals in Yunnan. The Water Festival is for the Dai people. It usually falls in mid-April. During this festival, people throw water on each other. They believe it will bring good luck, wash away bad things, and welcome a new start. The Torch (火把) Festival is important to the Yi people. At night, they hold torches and dance around the fire, wishing for a good harvest (收获). It is really exciting! The clothes in Yunnan are very beautiful. The Bai people’s clothes have many colors and patterns. Women often wear white blouses and colorful skirts. They look like beautiful flowers waving in the wind. The Yi people’s clothes are also special. Men wear black hats. Women’s clothes have beautiful embroidery (刺绣). Each pattern has its own meaning. The food in Yunnan is delicious. Rice noodles are very famous. People put fresh meat, vegetables, and rich soup in the noodles. They taste great! The Dai people’s bamboo rice is special too. They cook rice in bamboo, and when it is opened, the delicious smell fills the air. This traditional dish not only tastes good but also shows the Dai people’s special way of life. Yunnan’s traditions are amazing. The festivals, clothes, and food show us the wisdom of the people there. We should learn more about it and help keep these traditions alive! 6．People in Yunnan celebrate the Water Festival in mid-May. 7．The Torch Festival is mainly celebrated during the day by the Yi people. 8．Patterns on Yi people’s clothes carry specific meanings. 9．The Bai people’s traditional food is bamboo rice. 10．The text mainly talks about special traditions of Yunnan. 【答案】1．F 2．F 3．T 4．F 5．T 【解析】本文主要介绍了云南的特色传统，包括当地的节日、服饰和美食。 1．根据原文“There are lots of festivals in Yunnan. The Water Festival is for the Dai people. It usually falls in mid-April.”可知，泼水节是在四月中旬而不是五月中旬。故答案为F。 2．根据原文“The Torch (火把) Festival is important to the Yi people. At night, they hold torches and dance around the fire, wishing for a good harvest (收获).”可知，火把节主要在夜晚庆祝而不是白天。故答案为F。 3．根据原文“The Yi people’s clothes are also special…Women’s clothes have beautiful embroidery (刺绣). Each pattern has its own meaning.”可知，彝族服饰上的图案有特定含义。故答案为T。 4．根据原文“The Dai people’s bamboo rice is special too.”可知，竹筒饭是傣族的传统食物而不是白族的。故答案为F。 5．根据原文“Yunnan, a province in China, has many special traditions. Let’s learn about them!”及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述云南的特色传统。故答案为T。 （三） （2025·吉林松原·模拟预测）When it comes to travelling, most people would choose to go with their families or friends. But now many are choosing new travel friends—their pets. Zeng Qingbin is one such person. Over the past eight years, the 35-year-old from Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, has traveled across the country with his dog. In Zeng’s eyes, these dogs are like his children. “I’ve always dreamed of letting them run freely on grasslands with mountains in the background,” Zeng said. As traveling with pets becomes more popular in China, related services are also growing. Zhang Wei, who is interested in pet hiking, has organized about 180 pet trips since 2022. Each trip usually includes two to five guides for groups of up to 30 owners and their dogs. “Safety is the most important, and all the guides are trained to deal with different emergencies (紧急情况) in the mountains,” Zhang said. Before a trip, Zhang’s team asks pet owners to fill out a form about their dogs to provide a better service. At the same time, airlines have begun offering charter (包租) services for pet owners to travel across the country and even internationally. On June 14, China’s first outbound (开往外国的) charter flight allowing pets landed at Shanghai Pudong International Airport after taking 60 tourists and 18 pet dogs to Thailand. There will be more trips to South Korea, Southeast Asia and Europe. Though pet tourism in China is still in its early stages and faces many challenges, it is becoming a promising area in the tourism industry, experts said. Zeng is looking forward to having more travel chances for his dogs in the future. “I plan to see as much as possible with my dogs and let them experience everything the world has to offer,” said Zeng. 根据短文内容，判断下列句子正 (T)、误 (F)。 1．Most people would go travelling with their pets in the past. 2．As travelling with pets becomes more popular with Chinese, related services are also growing. 3．Zhang Wei has organized about 180 pet trips during 2 years. 4．To provide a better service, the pet owners need to fill out a form about their dogs. 5．China’s outbound charter flights have allowed pets travelled to Southeast Asia. 【答案】1．F 2．T 3．F 4．T 5．T 【解析】本文介绍中国宠物旅游兴起，含游客案例、配套服务及行业前景。 1．根据短文第一句“When it comes to travelling, most people would choose to go with their families or friends. But now many are choosing new travel friends—their pets.”可知，过去人们旅行通常和家人/朋友一起，不是和宠物。故填F。 2．根据短文第四句“As traveling with pets becomes more popular in China, related services are also growing.”可知，随着带宠物旅行在中国更流行，相关服务也在发展。故填T。 3．根据短文第五句“Zhang Wei...has organized about 180 pet trips since 2022.”可知，张伟是从2022年到现在组织了约180次旅行，不是2年。故填F。 4．根据短文第六句“Before a trip, Zhang’s team asks pet owners to fill out a form about their dogs to provide a better service.”可知，为了提供更好的服务，宠物主人需要填写狗狗的表格。故填T。 5．根据短文第八句“On June 14, China’s first outbound charter flight allowing pets...taking 60 tourists and 18 pet dogs to Thailand. There will be more trips to...Southeast Asia...”可知，中国的出境包机已允许宠物前往东南亚。故填T。 ◇考点 03 推理类判断 一、考查重点 核心考查“基于原文事实的合理推理”，题干信息不能直接在原文中找到，也不能通过简单整合得到，需要结合原文信息，进行合理推导（不脱离原文、不主观脑补），再判断题干是否正确，侧重“逻辑推理”能力。 二、解题重难点突破 重点：找到原文中的推理线索（逻辑词、情感词、细节描述），确保推理有依据； 难点：区分“合理推理”与“过度推理”，避免脱离原文主观脑补，误将“未提及”判断为“正确”或“错误”。 三、核心解题技巧 圈画题干关键词，定位原文相关段落，重点关注逻辑词（because、but、so）、情感词（happy、worried、important）； 结合原文细节，进行合理推导：推导结果必须是原文信息的“必然延伸”，不能添加无依据的内容； 核对判断：若推导结果与题干一致，判断为A；若推导结果与题干矛盾，判断为B；若无法从原文推导得出，判断为C； 验证：确保推理不偏离原文主旨，不过度延伸（如原文“喜欢阅读”，不可推导出“每天读10本书”）。 四、典例短文+题目解析（中考难度） 典例短文 Tom is a student in Grade 8. He used to be lazy and often didn’t finish his homework. His grades were very poor, and he often felt sad. His teacher talked to him and encouraged him to work hard. Tom decided to change. He started to get up early to study every day and ask for help when he had problems. After two months, his grades improved a lot, and he became more confident. 题目（判断A/B/C） 1. Tom was not confident before he changed. （ ） 2. Tom’s teacher helped him change his bad habits. （ ） 3. Tom will get the best grades in his class next term. （ ） 题目解析： 1. 题干关键词：Tom、not confident、before changed；定位原文“he often felt sad”“After two months...he became more confident”，可合理推导出“Tom改变前不自信”，与题干一致，判断为A（正确）。 2. 题干关键词：Tom’s teacher、helped him change；定位原文“His teacher talked to him and encouraged him to work hard. Tom decided to change”，可推导出“老师的鼓励帮助他决定改变”，与题干一致，判断为A（正确）。 3. 题干关键词：Tom、best grades、next term；原文只说“grades improved a lot”（成绩提升很多），无法推导出“下学期会拿到班级最好成绩”，属于过度推理，原文无相关依据，判断为C（未提及）。 易｜错｜提｜醒 1. 推理必须有依据：所有推理都要基于原文细节，不能主观脑补（如本题“成绩提升”不能推导出“最好成绩”）； 2. 避免过度推理：推导结果不能超出原文范围，原文未提及的内容，即使“合理”，也判断为C； 3. 情感、态度可推理：通过原文的情感词（sad、confident），可合理推导人物的态度、状态（如“sad”可推导出“不开心、不自信”）。 （一） （2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟预测）I was visiting my grandpa’s farm in Kansas, and Grandpa sent me into the woods to pick up pecans (山核桃) for us to enjoy later. I wasn’t about to let him down. So I had to go alone. Plunk! I dropped another pecan into my basket. Then a gentle autumn wind blew some more off the tree. I ran to pick them up. Ah! Pecan picking was hard. My basket was only half full. Then something caught my eye: a squirrel (an animal) picked up a pecan, climbed up a tree and disappeared into a large hole. A moment later, the squirrel climbed down to the ground to pick another pecan. Once again, he took the pecan back to his secret hiding place inside the hollow (洞) of the tree. Not so secret anymore, I thought. I ran over to the tree and found the hollow was filled with sweet pecans. They were right there for the taking. This was my chance. Without thinking twice, I took all the pecans from the hollow. Now the basket was full! I was so proud of myself. I couldn’t wait to show Grandpa all of the pecans I’d collected. Grandpa took a look at my basket. “Well, how did you find so many, Jimmy?” I told him how I’d followed the squirrel and taken the pecans from his hiding place. Grandpa praised me for finding out something about the squirrel’s habits. Then he did something that surprised me. He handed the basket back to me and put his arm gently around my shoulders. “That squirrel worked very hard to collect his winter food,” he said. “Now that all of his pecans are gone, don’t you think that little squirrel will be very hungry when it gets cold?” “But a good man should never take advantage of someone else’s hard work, even the squirrel’s.” Suddenly I felt as hollow as that old tree. The image (形象) of that hungry squirrel wouldn’t leave my mind. There was only one thing I could do. 根据短文内容判断正、误(正确涂A，错误涂B)。 1．The writer went to the woods at the beginning of the story to feed the squirrel. 2．The writer was proud of himself because he filled his basket with so many pecans. 3．We know from the passage, all of the squirrels in the hollow were taken away. 4．The possible ending to the story is the writer put none of the pecans back into the hole. 5．The main idea of the passage is that we should value anyone else’s hard work besides animals. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．A 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在爷爷的农场捡山核桃时，发现松鼠藏匿的核桃并拿走，后来在爷爷的教育下意识到不该占有他人劳动成果的故事。 1．根据“Grandpa sent me into the woods to pick up pecans (山核桃) for us to enjoy later”可知，作者是为了捡核桃而非喂松鼠。故选B。 2．根据“Now the basket was full”以及“I was so proud of myself. I couldn’t wait to show Grandpa all of the pecans I’d collected.”可知，作者因装满一篮子核桃而自豪。故选A。 3．根据“I took all the pecans from the hollow”可知，文中仅提到核桃被拿走，未提及松鼠被带走。故选B。 4．根据“Suddenly I felt as hollow as that old tree. The image (形象) of that hungry squirrel wouldn’t leave my mind. There was only one thing I could do.”可知，作者内心愧疚，暗示会将核桃归还。故选B。 5．根据“a good man should never take advantage of someone else’s hard work, even the squirrel’s.”并通读全文可知，文章主旨是除了动物，我们也应珍视他人的劳动成果。故选A。 （二） （2025·吉林通化·模拟预测）Do you often listen to music very loudly? You should know this habit is bad for your ears. More than 1 billion young people might lose their hearing because they listen to very noisy sounds for a long time. Listening to music or watching TV shows loudly can hurt your hearing. The UN has rules for safe listening. It’s not safe to listen to sounds that are louder than 85 dB for eight hours or 100 dB for 15 minutes. The sound on a busy road is about 85 dB and a rock concert is about 100 dB． Loud noise is bad for the inside of your ear. Most of us are born with around 16,000 hair cells (毛细胞) in our inner ears. These cells can feel sounds. But listening to loud noise for a long time makes these cells work too much and some of them die. That’s why people lose their hearing. Once this happens, it’s hard to get their hearing back. Some people may think their music isn’t very loud. But it depends on where you are. For example, if you are in a noisy place like the subway, you might make your music too loud without knowing. Later, when you listen to it at the same volume in a quiet place, you might feel bad. The “safe level” for most sounds is below 80 dB for up to 40 hours a week. A level of 80 dB is like the noise of a subway. Here is some advice on safe listening. Headphones that go over your ears are better than the ones that go inside your ears. They can stop outside noise better, so you can listen at a lower volume. Don’t listen to very loud music on your headphones for a long time. Follow the 60:60 rule: listen to music at 60 percent of your headphones’ biggest volume for no more than 60 minutes a day. 根据短文内容，判断下列句子的正(T)误(F)。 6．It’s safe to listen to sounds louder than 100 dB for 15 minutes. 7．Listening to loud noise for long can make some hair cells in the inner ears die. 8．Paragraph 4 shows some people don’t always know how loud their music is. 9．In-ear headphones are better than over-the-ear ones as they can stop more outside noise. 10．This article mainly tells us why ears are important to our bodies. 【答案】1．F 2．T 3．T 4．F 5．F 【解析】本文主要讲述了长时间高音量听音乐对听力的危害，并提供了安全听音的建议。 1．根据“It’s not safe to listen to sounds that are louder than 85 dB for eight hours or 100 dB for 15 minutes.”可知，8小时内听大于85分贝的声音或15分钟内听大于100分贝的声音是不安全的。故选F。 2．根据“But listening to loud noise for a long time makes these cells work too much and some of them die.”可知，长时间听大声的噪音会使内耳的一些毛细胞死亡。故选T。 3．根据“Some people may think their music isn’t very loud.”可知，第4段介绍了有些人并不总是知道他们的音乐有多大声。故选T。 4．根据“Headphones that go over your ears are better than the ones that go inside your ears. They can stop outside noise better,”可知，耳罩式耳机比入耳式更能隔绝外界噪音。故选F。 5．通读全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了高音量对听力的危害及防护建议，并未讨论耳朵对人体的重要性。故选F。 （三） （25-26九年级上·甘肃平凉·月考）Do you know the famous saying, “Life is like a box of chocolates, you never know what you will get.” The surprise is part of the fun in our life. Now blind boxes are quite popular. Merchants (商家) fill the box with random (随机的) toys which usually come from movies, comics and cartoons. Many people like to buy them to find out what will be inside. The earliest blind boxes were first invented in Japan in the late 1860s. Getting blind boxes was a New Year’s tradition. At that time, they called the blind box “a lucky bag”. Blind boxes were introduced to China in 2014, and quickly became popular. Most customers for blind boxes are young people aged 18 to 35. Blind box toys are popular in part because of their cute appearances. The cute mini-sized cartoon figurines (小塑像) are suitable to place almost anywhere. What makes them even more exciting is the mystery—you never know what you’ll get until you open one. This surprise is the main reason why people love them so much. Opening a blind box is a little surprise for our daily lives. When people open this little box, they may be disappointed, but the fun part is not knowing what’s inside. This makes people want to open more blind boxes and hope for a better one. In fact, though the blind boxes are full of fun, we should make a rational (理智的) decision when we buy them. 阅读以上材料，根据其内容判读下列句子正误。正确填 (涂) A，错误填 (涂) B。 11．People don’t know things inside when they buy blind boxes. 12．The earliest blind boxes came from Japan in 1860. 13．Blind boxes first came out in China in 2014. 14．The cute appearances are the main reason why people love blind boxes. 15．The writer wrote the text is to ask more people to buy blind boxes. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了盲盒的起源、发展、受欢迎的原因以及作者对购买盲盒的建议。 1．根据文章第一段“Merchants fill the box with random toys... Many people like to buy them to find out what will be  inside.”可知，人们购买盲盒时不知道里面是什么。故选A。 2．根据文章第二段“The earliest blind boxes were first invented in Japan in the late 1860s.”可知，最早的盲盒出现在19世纪60年代末，而不是1860年。故选B。 3．根据文章第二段“Blind boxes were introduced to China in 2014...”可知，盲盒在2014年首次出现在中国。故选A。 4．根据文章第三段“What makes them even more exciting is the mystery... This surprise is the main reason why people love them so much.”可知，人们喜爱盲盒的主要原因是其神秘感和惊喜，而不是可爱的外观。故选B。 5．根据文章最后一段“... we should make a rational decision when we buy them.”可知，作者建议购买盲盒时要理智，并非鼓励更多人购买。故选B。 ◇考点 04 偷换概念/张冠李戴 一、考查重点 核心考查“细节辨析”能力，题干通过“偷换关键词”“混淆人物/时间/地点”“改变范围”等方式设置陷阱，看似与原文相关，实则信息不符，是学生最易失分的考点，也是中考高频易错点。 二、解题重难点突破 重点：细致核对题干与原文的关键词，区分“相似信息”与“一致信息”； 难点：识别“细微差异”（如“人物A”vs“人物B”、“a few”vs“few”、“in the morning”vs“in the afternoon”），避免被“表面相似”误导。 三、核心解题技巧 圈画题干所有关键词，尤其是“人物、时间、地点、数量、程度”等易被偷换的词； 定位原文对应句子，逐字逐词核对，重点关注“细微差异”； 判断陷阱：若题干偷换关键词、混淆人物/时间/地点，或改变范围、程度，判断为B；若未找到对应信息，判断为C； 验证：确保题干的每一个关键词都与原文一致，无任何细微偏差。 四、典例短文+题目解析（中考难度） 典例短文 There are two students in our class: Lucy and Lily. They are twins. Lucy likes reading books and playing the piano. She usually reads books for an hour every evening. Lily likes playing sports and drawing pictures. She often plays basketball with her friends after school. Both of them are hard-working and popular in our class. 题目（判断A/B/C） 1. Lucy likes playing sports and drawing pictures. （ ） 2. Lily usually reads books for an hour every evening. （ ） 3. Lucy and Lily are hard-working and popular. （ ） 题目解析： 1. 题干关键词：Lucy、playing sports、drawing pictures；定位原文“Lucy likes reading books and playing the piano”“Lily likes playing sports and drawing pictures”，题干将Lily的爱好偷换给Lucy，属于张冠李戴，判断为B（错误）。 2. 题干关键词：Lily、reads books、an hour、every evening；定位原文“Lucy...usually reads books for an hour every evening”，题干将Lucy的行为偷换给Lily，属于张冠李戴，判断为B（错误）。 3. 题干关键词：Lucy and Lily、hard-working、popular；定位原文“Both of them are hard-working and popular in our class”，“Both of them”指代Lucy and Lily，信息一致，判断为A（正确）。 易｜错｜提｜醒 1. 人物、爱好、行为要对应：重点核对“谁做了什么”，避免张冠李戴； 2. 数量、程度词要精准：如“a few（一些，肯定）”vs“few（几乎没有，否定）”、“many（很多）”vs“some（一些）”，细微差异会导致判断错误； 3. 不要急于判断：遇到“表面相似”的题干，务必逐字核对原文，避免被偷换概念陷阱误导。 （一） （2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）Helen was a girl who liked wasting time thinking about her tasks instead of doing them at once. Though her teacher advised her to change, she didn’t care at all. One morning, her neighbour Mr. Black, the owner of a fruit shop, said to Helen, “I need some grapes. Could you go to Mr. Green’s farm to pick some for me? I will pay you 15 cents a kilo for all that you pick for me. But you’d better go there as soon as possible.” Helen agreed right away and then quickly ran home to get a basket to hold the grapes. After getting home, she couldn’t help counting in her mind how much money she would get if she picked five kilos. After finding that she would get 75 cents, she started to dream big, “If I picked ten kilos, how much would I make then?” “Wow!” she shouted, “Unbelievable! I would make a dollar and fifty cents!” Ten minutes passed, twenty minutes passed, and then an hour passed... She still lost herself in her big dream. Before she realized it, it was lunchtime. She had to stay at home to eat lunch. As soon as lunch was over, she hurried to the farm. However, some boys had been there, and nearly all the grapes were picked. She tried her best but could not find even half a kilo to fill the basket! All of a sudden, Helen thought of what her teacher had told her, “Do your task at once, and never waste too much time dreaming. One doer (行动者) is worth 100 dreamers.” 根据短文内容判断正、误。(注意：正确的涂“A”，错误的涂“B”) 1．Mr. Green would pay Helen if she picked grapes for him. 2．Helen ran home quickly to get a basket of grapes. 3．If Helen picked 10 kilos of grapes, she would get 1.5 dollars. 4．Helen went to the farm after having lunch at home. 5．The story tells us that it’s better to do at once than to waste too much time dreaming. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．A 5．A 【解析】本文讲述了Helen因沉迷幻想而错过采摘葡萄机会的故事，说明行动比空想更重要。 1．根据“One morning, her neighbour Mr. Black ... ‘I need some grapes. Could you go to Mr. Green’s farm to pick some for me? I will pay you 15 cents a kilo for all that you pick for me. ...’”可知，如果Helen为邻居Mr. Black摘葡萄，Mr. Black会支付Helen费用，而不是Mr. Green。故答案为B。 2．根据“Helen agreed right away and then quickly ran home to get a basket to hold the grapes”可知，Helen跑回家是为了拿篮子去装葡萄，而不是拿一篮子葡萄。故答案为B。 3．根据“If I picked ten kilos, how much would I make then?”及“Unbelievable! I would make a dollar and fifty cents!”可知，如果摘了10公斤葡萄，她会得到1.5美元。故答案为A。 4．根据“Before she realized it, it was lunchtime. She had to stay at home to eat lunch.”及“As soon as lunch was over, she hurried to the farm.”可知，Helen是在家吃完午饭后去的农场。故答案为A。 5．根据“Do your task at once, and never waste too much time dreaming. One doer (行动者) is worth 100 dreamers.”可知，故事旨在告诉我们立即行动胜过空想。故答案为A。 （二） （2025·吉林·中考真题）As we know, China is developing fast in science and technology. Surprising robot Can you imagine a robot swimming like a fish in the sea? A group of scientists at Westlake University in China have made one. Its name is Sea Guru II. In March, 2025, the robot went 2,000 metres under the South China Sea successfully. Smart Beidou When you open a map on your phone in China, it is probably guided by the Beidou navigation Satellite System (BDS, 北斗卫星导航系统). China started to build the BDS in 1994. It’s never an easy thing. Over 400 teams and more than 300,000 scientists have come together to solve big problems in building it. Fast train Do you want to travel on the fastest train in the world? The CR450 made by the China Railway Group is a new high-speed train that can travel at 400 km/h on average (平均). Its highest speed is 453 km/h. Before this, the fastest high-speed train in the world was China’s CR400. What’s more, CR450 stops quickly and makes little noise. It will further meet people’s wishes for a better experience. 根据短文内容，判断下列句子正 (T)、误 (F)。 6．Sea Guru Ⅱ went 2,000 metres under the South China Sea in March, 2025. 7．It is easy for Chinese teams and scientists to build the BDS. 8．The fastest high-speed train in the world is China’s CR400 now. 9．The high-speed trains CR450 and CR400 are made in China. 10．The passage shows China’s development in science and technology. 【答案】1．T 2．F 3．F 4．T 5．T 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国在科技领域的快速发展，包括深海机器人、北斗导航系统和高速列车等方面的成就。 1．细节理解题。根据“In March, 2025, the robot went 2,000 metres under the South China Sea successfully.”可知，2025年3月，该机器人成功下潜至南海2000米深处。故答案为T。 2．细节理解题。根据“It’s never an easy thing. Over 400 teams and more than 300,000 scientists have come together to solve big problems in building it.”可知，中国团队和科学家建设北斗系统并不容易。故答案为F。 3．细节理解题。根据“Do you want to travel on the fastest train in the world? The CR450 made…”及“Before this, the fastest high-speed train in the world was China’s CR400.”可知，在CR450之前，世界上最快的列车是中国的CR400，目前世界上最快的列车是CR450，而非CR400。故答案为F。 4．细节理解题。根据“The CR450 made by the China Railway Group is a new high-speed train…”以及“Before this, the fastest high-speed train in the world was China’s CR400.”可知，CR450和CR400均由中国制造。故答案为T。 5．主旨大意题。根据文章首段“As we know, China is developing fast in science and technology.”以及全文内容可知，本文展示了中国在科技领域的发展。故答案为T。 （三） （2025·黑龙江·中考真题）The Siberian tiger is the largest of all tigers. An adult male can grow up to 3.3 meters in length and weigh as much as 300 kilograms. Although Siberian tigers are strong, they are one of the most endangered animals. There are less than 500 of these beautiful animals still living in the world. Long ago, Siberian tigers were common all over the Northeast Asia and the Russia Far East. However, today they are found mainly along the Chinese-Russian border (边境). When people build cities and cut down trees, it means the tigers have less food and less space to live in. That’s the main reason why the number of the Siberian tigers is reducing. In recent years, China has set up natural reserves (保护区) and begun to protect the Siberian tigers. There are also plenty of Siberian tigers in zoos. It is hoped that some of these tigers can return to the wild. Of course, they would need to learn how to hunt and take care of themselves. An adult Siberian tiger requires up to 100 square kilometers of forest to live in. At present, there is not enough forest available to support so many Siberian tigers in the wild. Judge the sentences below true (T) or false (F) according to the passage. 1．The Siberian tiger is larger than any other tiger in the world. 2．Siberian tigers are the most dangerous animals. 3．Long ago, it was hard to see the Siberian tigers in the Northeast Asia. 4．There are fewer and fewer Siberian tigers mainly because of less food and less space. 5．Siberian tigers have full room to live in the wild now. 【答案】1．T 2．F 3．F 4．T 5．F 【解析】本文主要介绍濒危动物——西伯利亚虎。 1．细节理解题。根据“The Siberian tiger is the largest of all tigers.”可知，西伯利亚虎是所有老虎中体型最大的。该项表述正确，故选T。 2．细节理解题。根据“Siberian tigers are strong, they are one of the most endangered animals.”可知，西伯利亚虎是最濒危的动物之一。该项表述错误，故选F。 3．细节理解题。根据“Long ago, Siberian tigers were common all over the Northeast Asia and the Russia Far East.”可知，很久以前，西伯利亚虎在东北亚和俄罗斯远东地区随处可见。该项表述错误，故选F。 4．细节理解题。根据“When people build cities and cut down trees, it means the tigers have less food and less space to live in. That’s the main reason why the number of the Siberian tigers is reducing.”可知，西伯利亚虎的数量越来越少，主要是因为食物短缺和生存空间变小。该项表述正确，故选T。 5．细节理解题。根据“At present, there is not enough forest available to support so many Siberian tigers in the wild.”可知，目前，没有足够的森林能够为这么多野生西伯利亚虎提供生存空间。该项表述错误，故选F。 典｜例｜精｜析 典例3（2025·新疆·中考真题）根据短文内容，判断下面各小题的正（T）误（F）。 An elephant and her baby were alone in the forest. They had to leave their family, for the little baby was too small to keep up with the other big elephants. Whenever the mother looked at the sweet, little baby elephant, she would say, “As long as you are small, I shall do anything to protect you and take care of you. When you are big, you will have to fight for yourself. You will have to be very careful if you want to reach your full size.” In the day, when she saw him pick up some leaves with his trunk (象鼻) and put them into his mouth, she was pleased. When they met other big animals, she would cry angrily and guard him. In the night, she stood close to him until morning, for she knew a lion might be near. As time went by, the baby elephant grew big enough to follow his mother and then they met the other big elephants. They returned to their family! At last, they came to a beautiful river. There they lived a happy life together. 1．The mother elephant and her baby were in the forest with their family. 2．The mother elephant would try her best to protect her baby. 3．When the baby elephant is big, he has to fight for himself. 4．In the night, the mother elephant stood far from her baby. 5．The mother elephant and her baby returned to their family at last. 【答案】1．F 2．T 3．T 4．F 5．T 【解析】本文主要介绍一只母象和她的宝宝，因小象太小无法跟上象群而独自生活在森林中。母象承诺在小象幼时全力保护他，等他长大后需学会独立生存。随着小象长大，他们重返象群，最终在河边过上幸福生活。 16．细节理解题。根据“An elephant and her baby were alone in the forest.”可知，大象和她的幼崽独自在森林里，该项表述错误。故选F。 17．细节理解题。根据“As long as you are small, I shall do anything to protect you and take care of you.”可知，母象会尽全力保护宝宝，该项表述正确。故选T。 18．细节理解题。根据“When you are big, you will have to fight for yourself.”可知，小象长大后需独立战斗，该项表述正确。故选T。 19．细节理解题。根据“In the night, she stood close to him until morning”可知，在夜晚，她一直紧紧地依偎在他身旁，直到天亮，该项表述错误。故选F。 20．细节理解题。根据“As time went by, the baby elephant grew big enough to follow his mother and then they met the other big elephants. They returned to their family!”可知，他们最终重返家族，该项表述正确。故选T。 方｜法｜提｜练 一、 解题核心逻辑 1. 语境优先，定位事实的“前后呼应” • 核心原则：阅读判断的答案90%以上都能在原文找到直接或间接事实线索，判断需立足语篇语境，不主观脑补、不脱离原文。 • 操作方法： 1. 向前找：题干关键词对应句子的前一句，提取补充事实、逻辑关系，作为判断的辅助依据，避免遗漏关键细节。 2. 向后找：题干关键词对应句子的后一句，查看补充说明、举例或总结，整合完整事实，确保判断不片面。 3. 全段找：关注事实的“原词复现”或“同义替换”，这是中考阅读判断最常见的考点，也是快速定位事实的核心技巧。 • 示例：本文第2题 “The writer goes to school by bike.”，定位原文“Every morning, I ride my bike to school.”，题干“goes to school by bike”与原文“ride my bike to school”是同义替换，直接提示此处判断为正确，这就是典型的“同义替换呼应”。 2. 规则辅助，判断结果的“规范性” • 三大结果判断规则： ◦ 正确（A）：题干事实与原文完全一致，或通过同义替换、合理整合后语义一致，有明确原文依据。 ◦ 错误（B）：题干事实与原文矛盾、偷换概念、张冠李戴，或限定词（all、only、never）与原文不符。 • 陷阱识别判断： ◦ 当题干出现“all、only、always、never”等绝对化限定词，优先核对原文，原文若为“most、sometimes、usually”，则判断为错误。 ◦ 当题干出现人物、时间、地点替换，需精准核对，若与原文不一致，判断为错误；若原文无相关信息，判断为未提及（C）。 3. 核对验证，确保判断的“准确性” • 细节核对：逐字核对题干与原文的关键词（人名、时间、数字、核心动词），避免因粗心漏看细节导致判断错误。 • 逻辑验证：确保判断结果符合原文逻辑，不过度推理、不主观臆断，未提及（C）需满足“原文无任何相关依据”，不可混淆“未提及”与“错误”。 • 示例：原文“He usually reads books after school.”，题干1 “He often reads books after school.”（usually与often同义替换，判断为A）；题干2 “He always reads books after school.”（always与usually矛盾，判断为B）；题干3 “He reads books in the morning.”（原文无相关信息，判断为C）。 二、 实战解题步骤 1. 通读全文，标记事实线索 快速浏览全文（1-2分钟），不纠结生词，重点圈出：① 题干关键词（人名、地名、数字、时间、核心动词/名词）；② 绝对化限定词（all、only、never）；③ 核心事实细节（动作、结果、原因），建立“事实线索库”，为后续精准核对做准备。 2. 逐题分析，锁定事实依据 对每个题目，先明确题干核心事实，再精准定位原文对应句子，锁定判断依据： ◦ 第1题 “Li Ming’s favorite subject is Chinese.”：结合语境，定位原文“My name is Li Ming and my favorite subject is Chinese.”，题干事实与原文完全一致，初步判断为A。 ◦ 第2题 “All students in the class like playing basketball.”：定位原文“Many students in the class like playing basketball.”，题干“All”与原文“Many”矛盾，初步判断为B。 3. 规则检查，确认判断结果 结合判断规则，回头检查每个题目的判断是否准确： ◦ 正确（A）：确认题干与原文一致或同义替换，有明确依据，无矛盾细节。 ◦ 错误（B）：确认题干与原文矛盾、偷换概念或限定词不符，有明确矛盾点。 ◦ 未提及（C）：确认原文无任何与题干相关的事实，既不矛盾也不一致。 4. 代入验证，通读全文连贯性 将所有判断结果代入题干，结合全文语境通读一遍，确保： ◦ 每个判断都有原文依据，不主观脑补、不过度推理，符合判断规则。 ◦ 无细节遗漏、无陷阱误判，确保所有题目判断准确，贴合语篇主旨。 6 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $