专题17 阅读表达：从理解到概括性输出（培优讲义）（全国通用）2026年中考英语二轮复习高效培优系列

专题17 阅读表达：从理解到概括性输出 目 录 第一部分 考情精析 锁定靶心 高效备考 第二部分 重难考点深解 深度溯源 扫清盲区 【考点01】精准信息提取题（重难点：细节定位 + 同义转述 + 避免遗漏） 【考点02】逻辑分析推理题（重难点：逻辑梳理 + 合理推断 + 避免过度延伸） 【考点03】概括性输出题（重难点：主旨提炼 + 简洁表达 + 符合格式要求） 第三部分 解题思维优化 典例精析+方法提炼+变式巩固 核心考向聚焦 阅读表达是中考英语阅读板块的综合压轴题型，核心考查“从理解到概括性输出”的综合能力，在各地中考中频繁出现，占阅读板块比重约15%-20%。重点考查细节信息提取、逻辑推理推导、全文/段落主旨概括三大类题型，侧重语篇理解后的精准表达、简洁输出。此外，语法规范应用、同义替换、语境适配也有涉及，但相对比重较小，核心围绕“读懂语篇、规范输出”展开。 关键能力与思维瓶颈 关键能力：掌握语篇理解核心技巧，能快速通读全文、定位关键信息，精准把握细节、逻辑关系及主旨大意，实现“读懂”的核心目标；熟练掌握概括性输出技巧，能根据题干要求，规范组织语言，做到细节输出完整、推理输出合理、主旨输出全面，兼顾语法准确性与表达简洁性。需通过语篇实操、技巧专项训练突破。熟练规避输出类常见错误，能结合原文语境验证输出内容的合理性，区分“原文直接信息”与“推理信息”，清晰把控输出规范（字数、句式、时态）。需通过错题复盘、规范训练强化应用。 培优瓶颈：主要受中文思维干扰，理解语篇时易脱离语境主观脑补，定位关键信息不精准；概括性输出时，要么照搬原文长句导致冗长，要么遗漏核心信息导致片面，且易出现时态、人称、拼写等语法错误。同时，解题步骤不规范，缺乏“定位-提取-整合-输出-验证”的完整逻辑，对不同题型的输出要求把握不清晰，在综合语篇中易失分。需强化语篇理解、规范输出与解题逻辑建模能力。 命题前瞻与备考策略 预测：2026年中考中，阅读表达将更注重真实语境下的综合应用，语篇选材贴近学生生活、热点话题（校园生活、环保、科技、文化传承），强调语篇连贯性与实用性。题型设置更灵活，细节题侧重同义替换与信息整合，推理题侧重多线索综合推导，概括题侧重核心要素提炼，将进一步弱化机械记忆，强化“理解-整合-输出”的逻辑思维能力，对输出的规范性、简洁性要求更高。 策略：备考应放弃“盲目刷题、忽视输出规范”的低效模式，转向“逻辑建模”与“语篇应用”。重点训练： 1. 紧扣中考真题，建立阅读表达错题本，按“理解失误（定位偏差、主观脑补）、输出失误（语法错误、信息遗漏、表达冗长）”分类整理，标注错误原因，强化针对性突破； 2. 积累高频同义替换短语、规范输出句式模板（主旨句、细节句、推理句），按题型分类记忆，提升输出速度与规范性； 3. 专项训练“理解-输出”完整流程，每天完成1篇中考真题实操，规范“通读理解-定位提取-整合组织-规范输出-代入验证”的解题步骤； 4. 强化语法规范训练，重点突破时态、人称、句式完整度等高频错误点，结合语篇输出场景，提升语法应用的准确性，实现“从读懂到写对、写好”的突破。 ◇考点 01 精准信息提取题（重难点：细节定位 + 同义转述 + 避免遗漏） 一、考查重点 事实细节提取：针对时间、地点、人物、事件、数字、原因、结果等具体信息的直接提取； 观点细节提取：针对文中人物 / 作者观点、态度的精准抓取（需区分 “事实” 与 “观点”）； 细节综合提取：需整合 2-3 个句子的信息，才能完整回答的复合类问题。 二、解题重难点突破 重点：掌握 “题干关键词定位 + 原文细节锁定” 方法，确保答案源于原文，不添加主观臆断； 难点：避免 “直接照搬原文” 导致的冗余，学会用简洁的同义句替换原文复杂表达；同时注意时态、人称、单复数的一致性转换。 三、万能解题步骤 审题干，抓关键词：圈出题干中的核心名词、动词、时间、地点等关键词，明确答题方向（问什么、答什么）； 定位原文，找依据句：根据关键词快速扫描原文，锁定对应的 1-3 个关键句，标记核心信息； 提炼信息，做转述： 简单细节：直接提取关键信息，替换生僻词 / 复杂短语为简单表达； 复合细节：整合多个句子的核心内容，合并为 1-2 句完整表述； 检查规范，补完整：核对时态（与原文一致）、人称（与题干一致）、单复数、标点，确保句子完整、无语法错误。 四、典例短文 + 题目解析（中考难度） 典例短文 Last month, my sister Lily took a trip to Beijing with her best friend Lucy. They stayed in Beijing for five days. On the first day, they visited the Great Wall and took many photos there. On the second day, they went to the Palace Museum and learned a lot about Chinese history. On the third day, they tried local Beijing Roast Duck and other delicious food. They had a great time in Beijing and hope to go there again next year. 表达题 1（事实细节提取） How long did Lily and Lucy stay in Beijing? 解析： 抓关键词：How long（时长）、stay in Beijing； 定位原文：They stayed in Beijing for five days.； 提炼转述：直接提取核心信息 “five days”，补充完整句子； 检查：时态（一般过去时）、人称一致； 答案：They stayed in Beijing for five days. 表达题 2（观点细节提取） What did Lily and Lucy think of their trip to Beijing? 解析： 抓关键词：think of（认为）、trip to Beijing； 定位原文：They had a great time in Beijing and hope to go there again next year.； 提炼转述：“had a great time” 同义转述为 “had a wonderful/great time” 或 “enjoyed themselves”； 检查：句子完整，无语法错误； 答案：They thought their trip to Beijing was great/wonderful. / They enjoyed themselves in Beijing. 表达题 3（复合细节提取） What did Lily and Lucy do on the third day? 解析： 抓关键词：on the third day、do； 定位原文：On the third day, they tried local Beijing Roast Duck and other delicious food.； 提炼转述：保留核心动作 “tried local Beijing Roast Duck and other delicious food”，简化表达； 检查：时态一致，信息完整； 答案：They tried local Beijing Roast Duck and other delicious food. 易｜错｜提｜醒 ❶ 避免 “答非所问”：严格对应题干问题，不答无关信息（如题干问 “做了什么”，不答 “感受”）； ❷ 警惕 “时态 / 人称错误”：原文是过去时，答案不能用现在时；题干问 “she”，答案不能用 “they”； ❸ 拒绝 “照搬长句”：提取信息后需精简，如原文 “On the first day, they visited the Great Wall and took many photos there.”，答案可简化为 “Visited the Great Wall and took many photos.”（省略主语）。 （一） （2026·河北沧州·模拟预测）    “Future City” is a famous STEM (科学、技术、工程和数学) program for 6th to 8th graders. The competition takes place every year. At the competition, students from around the world work in teams to solve city problems with their engineering ideas. In the autumn of 2024, middle school students in 37 American areas and teams from around the world began to prepare for the 2024~2025 Future City Competition. They each made a project plan, wrote a 1,500-word article, built a city model, and got ready for a 7-minute show. This time, the subject was Above the Water. 100 years later, there might be rising sea levels and climate change, so the teams had to design floating (浮动的) cities for these situations. In January 2025, three students from each team gave a show at area competitions. Winners of area competitions went to the national competition in February. The year’s winner was Team Salacia from a middle school. They got $7,500 and a trip to the US Space Camp. Mullen, an office worker in the US, thinks highly of the “Future City” program. “My favorite part of the program is the soft skills these students get—teamwork, writing, giving shows and speaking well. They also stick by each other, cheer each other on and offer support.” Mullen encourages these future engineers, especially girls, to look into different opportunities in engineering. “Stay curious, ask questions, and don’t fear trying new things!” she says. 1．Who took part in the 2024~2025 “Future City” Competition? 2．Why did the teams have to design floating cities for 100 years later? 3．What did the year’s winning team get in 2025? 4．What soft skills can the students get from the competition? 5．Would you like to take part in the competition? Why? 【答案】1．Middle school students in 37 American areas and teams from around the world. 2．Because there might be rising sea levels and climate change 100 years later. 3．They got $7,500 and a trip to the US Space Camp. 4．Teamwork, writing, giving shows and speaking well. 5．Yes, I would. Because I can learn a lot of knowledge and skills, and also have the opportunity to win prizes and trips. (答案不唯一，合理即可) 【解析】本文主要讲述了“Future City”这一针对6至8年级学生的著名STEM项目，包括其竞赛形式、2024-2025年竞赛的准备情况、竞赛主题、竞赛流程、获胜者奖励以及他人对该项目的评价等内容。 1．第二段明确提到“middle school students in 37 American areas and teams from around the world began to prepare for the 2024~2025 Future City Competition”，这是原文直接信息，直接提取即可。 2．第三段指出“100 years later, there might be rising sea levels and climate change, so the teams had to design floating (浮动的) cities for these situations”，这是原文中关于设计浮动城市原因的具体信息，直接提取。 3．第三段最后提到“The year’s winner was Team Salacia from a middle school. They got $7,500 and a trip to the US Space Camp”，这是原文中关于获胜者奖励的具体信息，直接提取。 4．第四段提到“My favorite part of the program is the soft skills these students get—teamwork, writing, giving shows and speaking well”，这是原文中关于学生能从竞赛中获得的软技能的具体信息，直接提取。 5．本题是开放性试题，答案不唯一，但观点需基于文中事实。结合文章内容中对该竞赛的介绍以及自己对竞赛的看法、理由，合理作答即可。 （二） （2026·吉林长春·模拟预测）The couple, Gao Wandong and Chen Jing, have a lifelong task. Over the years, they have taken nearly 100,000 photos of the Great Wall and collected many historical objects. In 2017, they finally built a small museum to share their collections with the whole world. The museum is in Yanchi, Ningxia. The Great Wall runs for 259 kilometers across deserts and hills there. The couple built the museum with borrowed money and a strong will. Inside the museum, visitors can not only see photos of the Great Wall but also admire old art pieces, and local history books that tell the Great Wall’s past stories. Gao Wandong grew up near the Great Wall. As a child, he often hid in its tall watchtowers during sudden sandstorms. Years later, he realized these relics (遗迹) were gradually gone because of the natural forces and human activities. With the help of his wife, Gao began to study and record the Great Wall. Gao drove and took notes, while Chen took photos. What started as a hobby soon became a serious effort to spread the culture of the Great Wall. The couple wrote a book with 600 photos to describe the Great Wall’s beauty and history. The museum has been open to the public for six years. Now it receives thousands of visitors every year, including researchers, students and the Great Wall lovers. The couple also hold photo fairs and educational activities in the museum. “In recent years, Yanchi has stepped up protection, and cases of harm have largely disappeared,” Gao says. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1．When did Gao and Chen build the museum? 2．Where is the couple’s museum? 3．Why were the relics gradually gone in Gao’s eyes? 4．How did the couple describe the beauty and history of the Great Wall? 5．What do the couple also do in the museum? 【答案】1．In 2017. 2．In Yanchi, Ningxia./In Yanchi./In Ningxia. 3．Because of the natural forces and human activities./Because the natural forces and human activities were bad for the relics./Because the natural forces and human activities hurt the relics./Because the natural forces and human activities had a bad influence on the relics. 4．By writing a book (with 600 photos)./They wrote a book (with 600 photos). 5．They hold photo fairs and educational activities. 【解析】本文讲述了高万东和陈静夫妇多年来拍摄长城、收集文物，并于2017年在宁夏盐池建立长城博物馆，向世界分享长城文化的故事。 1．原文第一段提到“In 2017, they finally built a small museum...”，直接提取建馆时间。 2．原文第二段提到“The museum is in Yanchi, Ningxia.”，直接提取博物馆位置。 3．原文第三段提到“Years later, he realized these relics were gradually gone because of the natural forces and human activities.”，直接提取遗迹消失的原因。 4．原文第三段提到“The couple wrote a book with 600 photos to describe the Great Wall’s beauty and history.”，直接提取描述长城的方式。 5．原文第四段提到“The couple also hold photo fairs and educational activities in the museum.”，直接提取夫妇在博物馆额外开展的活动。 （三） （2026·河北·模拟预测）It can be really awkward (尴尬的) if someone sees you talking to yourself. But don’t feel bad about it! Talking to yourself actually has a lot of benefits (益处). You probably know that thinking is good for the brain. It helps us do things like making plans and managing our feelings. Speaking out loud is like showing this quiet inner (内部的) speech. It can help us do better in different areas like school, sports and work. When encouragement comes from oneself, it adds to self-confidence. A 2009 study invited 72 tennis players to take part in some matches. Researchers put the players into two groups: one group that said nothing while playing, and the other that talked to themselves while playing. They found that the self-talkers showed more confidence and played better than those in the silent group. Talking to yourself, especially in the third person, can also help us manage bad feelings. “Referring to (指代) yourself in the third person leads people to think about themselves more similarly to how they think about others,” said Jason Moser, a professor from Michigan State University, US. This can help us see things from a different point of view, especially when we’re feeling sad or angry. Self-talk also helps improve memory. Researchers tested four different ways to memorize things: reading silently, reading aloud, listening to someone else read and listening to a recording of oneself reading. Those who read out loud recalled (回忆) the information the best, researchers said in their study published in the journal Memory. It’s because the information is likely to become long-term memory if it is said out loud. 1．What has a lot of benefits according to the passage? 2．What can help us do better in different areas? 3．What did researchers find in the 2009 study? 4．Why is reading out loud the best way to recall information? 5．Do you like speaking to yourself? Why or why not? 【答案】1．Talking to yourself. 2．Speaking out loud./Talking to ourselves. 3．The self-talkers showed more confidence and played better than those in the silent group. 4．Because the information is likely to become long-term memory if it is said out loud. 5．Yes, I do. Because it helps me think more clearly and remember things better./No, I don’t. Because I prefer to think silently. (言之有理即可) 【解析】本文主要论述了自言自语的多重益处，包括提升自信、管理情绪和增强记忆力，并通过研究数据加以佐证。 1．首段直接指出“Talking to yourself actually has a lot of benefits”，表明自言自语有很多益处。因此答案是原文直接信息。 2．第二段明确提到“Speaking out loud is like showing this quiet inner (内部的) speech. It can help us do better in different areas like school, sports and work.”，说明大声说话（自言自语）能帮助我们在不同领域做得更好。这是原文中的具体信息，直接提取。 3．此答案是对第三段信息的概括总结。该段提到“They found that the self-talkers showed more confidence and played better than those in the silent group.”，即研究人员发现自言自语的人比不说话的人更有自信，表现更好。 4．最后一段解释了大声朗读有助于记忆的原因。最后一句明确指出：“It’s because the information is likely to become long-term memory if it is said out loud.” 答案是原文直接信息。 5．本题是开放性试题，需表达自己是否喜欢自言自语并给出理由。理由可结合文中提到的益处或个人习惯进行阐述。 ◇考点 02 逻辑分析推理题（重难点：逻辑梳理 + 合理推断 + 避免过度延伸） 一、考查重点 行为原因 / 结果推理：根据原文细节，推导人物行为的 “原因” 或事件的 “结果”； 变化过程分析：梳理人物 / 事物在文中的变化（如情感、态度、行为的变化）； 主旨启示概括：从文章中提炼出可借鉴的道理、启示、建议（即 “what we can learn”）。 二、解题重难点突破 重点：掌握 “逻辑词定位 + 细节整合 + 合理推导” 方法，所有推理必须有原文依据，不脱离上下文； 难点：区分 “原文直接信息” 与 “推理信息”，避免 “过度推理”（如原文只说 “作者哭了”，不能推理成 “作者很伤心，因为丢了钱”，只能说 “作者很伤心”）；同时注意输出逻辑的连贯性。 三、核心解题技巧 抓逻辑词，理关系： 原因逻辑：because、so、therefore、as a result（定位原因句）； 结果逻辑：lead to、cause、finally（定位结果句）； 变化逻辑：before、after、then、change into（定位变化前后细节）。 整合细节，推结论：将相关细节合并，用 “because/so/and” 等连接词串联，形成完整逻辑链； 提炼启示，贴主题：概括启示时，需结合文章主旨，用 “we should/shouldn’t/it’s important to…” 等句式表达，贴合中考评分标准。 四、典例短文 + 题目解析（中考难度） 典例短文 Tom was a shy boy. He was afraid to speak in front of the class because he thought others would laugh at him. One day, his English teacher asked him to give a short speech in class. Tom felt very nervous at first, but his teacher encouraged him, “Don’t be shy. You can do it well.” With his teacher’s help, Tom tried his best to give the speech. He finished it successfully and got applause from the class. After that, Tom became more confident and started to make more friends. 表达题 1（原因推理） Why was Tom afraid to speak in front of the class? 解析： 抓关键词：Why、afraid to speak in front of the class； 定位原文：He was afraid to speak in front of the class because he thought others would laugh at him.； 整合推导：直接提取原因，简化表达； 检查：逻辑清晰，无语法错误；答案：Because he thought others would laugh at him. 表达题 2（变化过程分析） How did Tom change after giving the speech? 解析： 抓关键词：change after giving the speech； 定位原文：After that, Tom became more confident and started to make more friends.（“that” 指代 “give the speech”）； 整合推导：提取核心变化 “more confident” 和 “make more friends”，用 “and” 连接； 检查：时态一致，变化逻辑清晰；答案：He became more confident and started to make more friends. 表达题 3（主旨启示） What can we learn from the passage? 解析： 抓主旨：文章讲 Tom 从害羞到自信的转变，核心是 “勇敢尝试就能成功”“不要害怕他人看法”； 提炼启示：用 “we should…” 句式表达，贴合主题； 检查：启示贴合文章，表达简洁；答案：We should be brave and try our best to do things we want to do. / Don’t be shy and believe in ourselves. 易｜错｜提｜醒 ❶ 避免 “过度推理”：答案必须基于原文细节，不添加无依据的主观内容（如不能说 “Tom’s teacher was very kind”，原文只说 “encouraged him”）； ❷ 注意 “逻辑词使用”：回答原因 / 结果题时，用 because/so 等连接词，避免句子碎片化； ❸ 启示题要 “贴主题”：不要泛泛而谈，需结合文章具体内容（如本文是 “勇敢尝试”，不能答 “要努力学习”）。 （一） （2026·安徽阜阳·一模）This is a touching story about lost and found. Li Na is a student in Guangzhou. She spent three years making an album (相册) for her grandma’s 70th birthday, with photos and drawings of their time together. Last Sunday, she lost it on the bus when she hurried to visit her grandma. The album was the most priceless gift for her grandma, so Li Na felt very sad. She went to the bus station to ask for help. Then she put up 50 flyers (传单) nearby, but found nothing. Her teacher advised her to post on the school’s message board. She wrote, “This album is full of my love for grandma. I can’t give up finding it.” Two days later, a bus driver named Mr. Zhang saw the post. Mr. Zhang found the album when he cleaned the bus. He noticed the handwritten words on each page and knew it was important. He kept it carefully and checked the group often. Finally, he got in touch with Li Na. Li Na thanked him again and again. Kindness is like a small light, yet it can brighten others’ days. When we choose to help, we pass love and make life more beautiful. We should all be ready to show kindness to others. 1．How long did Li Na spend making the album? (不超过5个词) 2．What did Li Na do first to find the album? (不超过15个词) 3．What can we learn from the story? (不超过15个词) 【答案】1．She spent three years. 2．She went to the bus station to ask for help. 3．We should show kindness to others./Kindness can make the world warm. (答案不唯一) 【解析】本文讲述了李娜为奶奶制作的珍贵相册丢失后，通过多方努力最终在好心司机帮助下找回的暖心故事，并传达了善意的重要性。 1．第一段提到李娜花了三年时间为奶奶制作相册“She spent three years making an album”，答案是原文直接信息。 2．第二段提到李娜首先去公交车站寻求帮助“She went to the bus station to ask for help”，答案是原文直接信息。 3．开放题，答案不唯一。需结合最后一段作者的观点“We should all be ready to show kindness to others”等，概括从故事中学到的道理，合理即可。 （二） （2026·江苏宿迁·一模） Every five years, China holds the “Two Sessions (两会)”—the CPPCC National Committee (中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会) and the NPC (全国人民代表大会)—to guide the country’s economic and social development. This year’s Two sessions started on March 4 and 5 respectively (分别地). The eight-day event has caught widespread attention as it marks the opening year of the 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-2030). For junior high students, this isn’t just “adult talk”—it’s closely connected with our daily lives! As a key window into China’s development blueprint, the 2026 Two Sessions focus on high-quality development as the key theme. The Two Sessions also pay attention to people-centered development, covering areas like employment, health care, and ecological protection. You might wonder what this means for you. It could mean better school libraries, more after-school sports clubs, or even new science labs in your school. The purpose of these plans is to make our country stronger and our lives better. As teenagers, we are the future of China. We should pay attention to the Two Sessions, not only to learn about our country’s goals but also to think about our own roles. Let’s work hard, gain knowledge, and get ready to make a contribution to the “15th Five-Year Plan” when we grow up. 1．When did this year’s Two Sessions start? 2．What is the purpose of these plans in the 2026 Two Sessions? 3．As a teenager, what will you do to support the“15th Five-Year Plan”? 【答案】1．On March 4 and 5 respectively. 2．To make our country stronger and our lives better. 3．I will focus on it and work hard to gain knowledge. 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了2026年全国两会的召开时间、核心主题和关注领域，阐述了两会与初中生日常生活的关联。 1．文章第一段第三句“This year’s Two sessions started on March 4 and 5 respectively (分别地).”指出，今年的两会分别在3月4日和3月5日召开。 2．文章第三段第七句“The purpose of these plans is to make our country stronger and our lives better.”指出，2026年两会中这些规划的目的是让我们的国家更强大，生活更美好。 3．文章第四段第四句“Let’s work hard, gain knowledge, and get ready to make a contribution to the ‘15th Five-Year Plan’ when we grow up.”指出，青少年应努力学习、积累知识，为“十五五”规划做贡献，言之有理即可。 （三） （2026·辽宁大连·模拟预测）Citywalk is becoming a new travel fashion for the youth in China who are exploring cultural spots (景点). Unlike traditional travel, it aims to avoid famous tourist spots and large crowds to get a better experience. Many young people enjoy gathering a couple of good friends and hanging out in the streets when they visit a new city. They can follow a typical city route (路线), exploring old buildings, going window-shopping, drinking a cup of coffee, or enjoying local snacks. In order to show their Citywalk, more and more people prefer to share their experiences and thoughts through social media. Xiao Yiyi, a young guide in Changsha, recently shared six Citywalk routes of different cities on the Internet, providing experiences for visitors to “walk in open-air museums”. Her Changsha travel route includes more unusual sights such as historical buildings, old streets, and even some snack bars. Citywalk is spreading from the largest cities to smaller ones, encouraging more travelers and event organizers to join. Some places, such as Beijing and Shandong, have included Citywalk in their plans to develop cultural tourism and relaxing tours. Shanghai has set up Citywalk bus routes to help day-trippers reach more faraway areas first, and then continue on foot. Citywalk not only offers a way for young people to explore a city but also provides them with a new social situation, where they can share their interests and ideas and make friends easily. What’s more, Citywalk provides an opportunity for tour guides and travel companies to offer a more professional service to meet the ever changing market requirements. 1．How is Citywalk different from traditional travel? 2．What did Xiao Yiyi share online recently? 3．Why did Shandong include Citywalk in the plans of tourism? 4．Do you like to take a Citywalk? Why or why not? Write 30 words or more. 【答案】1．It aims to avoid famous tourist spots and large crowds to get a better experience. 2．She shared six Citywalk routes of different cities on the Internet. 3．To develop cultural tourism and relaxing tours. 4．I like to take a Citywalk. Because it allows me to explore a city in a unique way, away from the crowds. I can discover hidden gems like old buildings and local snack bars. It also provides a great chance to make new friends with similar interests. 【解析】本文主要介绍了Citywalk这一在中国年轻人中兴起的新旅行时尚，阐述了其与传统旅行的不同之处、人们分享Citywalk体验的方式、Citywalk在不同城市的发展情况以及Citywalk带来的多方面好处。 1．根据第一段中“Unlike traditional travel, it aims to avoid famous tourist spots and large crowds to get a better experience.”可知，Citywalk与传统旅行的不同之处在于它旨在避开著名旅游景点和人群以获得更好的体验。故填It aims to avoid famous tourist spots and large crowds to get a better experience. 2．根据第三段中“Xiao Yiyi, a young guide in Changsha, recently shared six Citywalk routes of different cities on the Internet, providing experiences for visitors to ‘walk in open-air museums’.”可知，肖依依最近在网上分享了六个不同城市的Citywalk路线。故填She shared six Citywalk routes of different cities on the Internet. 3．根据第四段中“Some places, such as Beijing and Shandong, have included Citywalk in their plans to develop cultural tourism and relaxing tours.”可知，山东将Citywalk纳入旅游计划是为了发展文化旅游和休闲旅游。故填To develop cultural tourism and relaxing tours. 4．开放性问题，言之有理即可。参考答案为：I like to take a Citywalk. Because it allows me to explore a city in a unique way, away from the crowds. I can discover hidden gems like old buildings and local snack bars. It also provides a great chance to make new friends with similar interests. ◇考点 03 概括性输出题（重难点：主旨提炼 + 简洁表达 + 符合格式要求） 一、考查重点 全文主旨概括：用 1-2 句话概括文章的主要内容、中心思想； 段落主旨概括：概括某一段的核心内容（如 “Please summarize the first paragraph.”）； 标题归纳：为文章 / 段落拟定最贴合主旨的标题（通常简洁，1-5 个单词）； 内容要点概括：提取文章的 3-4 个核心要点，按要求整理（如 “List three ways to protect the environment.”）。 二、解题重难点突破 重点：掌握 “核心句抓取 + 细节删减 + 简洁重组” 方法，优先定位首段首句、尾段尾句、各段首句； 难点：避免 “以偏概全”（只选局部细节作为主旨）、避免 “过于冗长”（包含过多无关细节）、符合字数限制（如 “in one sentence”“within 10 words”）。 三、三大核心概括技巧 主旨概括三要素法：概括句子必须包含核心人物 + 核心事件 + 核心结果 / 观点，缺一不可； 标题归纳简洁原则：标题需简洁、醒目，优先用名词短语 / 动词短语，避免完整句子；不选范围过大 / 过小的标题； 要点概括分类法：按题干要求（如 “three points”），从原文中提取 3 个核心细节，用 “First/Second/Third” 或 “1. 2. 3.” 整理，避免重复。 四、典例短文 + 题目解析（中考难度） 典例短文 Reading is an important hobby for people of all ages. It can help us learn new knowledge, open our minds, and relax ourselves. When we read books, we can travel around the world without leaving home. We can also meet different people and learn about their lives through reading. In addition, reading can improve our language skills and make us more creative. Whether we read storybooks, science books, or history books, we can gain a lot from them. Reading is a lifelong journey that brings us endless happiness. 表达题 1（全文主旨概括：一句话概括） Please summarize the passage in one sentence. 解析： 抓核心句：首句Reading is an important hobby for people of all ages. + 尾句Reading is a lifelong journey that brings us endless happiness.； 提炼三要素：核心人物（we/people）+ 核心事件（read books）+ 核心结果（important hobby, gain a lot, bring happiness）； 删减重组：整合为简洁的一句话，控制字数； 检查：包含三要素，符合 “一句话” 要求； 答案：Reading is an important lifelong hobby that brings us a lot of benefits and happiness. 表达题 2（标题归纳） What’s the best title for the passage? 解析： 抓主旨：文章围绕 “阅读的重要性和好处” 展开； 简洁归纳：用名词短语概括，贴合主旨； 排除干扰：避免 “Reading books”（过于具体）、“The importance of reading”（稍冗长）； 答案：Reading: A Valuable Hobby / The Importance of Reading 表达题 3（要点概括） List three benefits of reading mentioned in the passage. 解析： 定位原文： 好处 1：help us learn new knowledge, open our minds, and relax ourselves； 好处 2：travel around the world without leaving home； 好处 3：improve our language skills and make us more creative； 提炼要点：提取核心内容，简化表达； 分类整理：用 “1. 2. 3.” 清晰呈现； 答案： 1.Learn new knowledge, open our minds and relax ourselves. 2.Travel around the world without leaving home. 3.Improve language skills and become more creative. 易｜错｜提｜醒 ❶ 主旨概括 “不选细节”：任何只涉及某一段、某一个好处的内容，都不能作为全文主旨； ❷ 标题归纳 “不超范围”：如本文主旨是 “阅读的好处”，标题不能选 “How to Read Books”（如何读书）； ❸ 要点概括 “不超数量”：题干要求 “three benefits”，不能答 4 个，且需简洁，不抄原文长句。 （一） （2026·广西柳州·一模）As space science develops, man has learned more and more about space. Space is not only amazing but also dangerous. While working in space, spacemen are facing danger as well as success. Scientists have found out that the radiation (辐射) is the greatest danger to spacemen in space. When spacemen are working in space, they are in danger of the radiation from the sun and other stars, which is bad for their health. The harm of the radiation won’t be found until their children even grandchildren are born. Some special medicine may work a little, but no really effective medicine has been found so far. Space rubbish is also thought to be a great danger to spacemen. It’s reported that there were 9,000 man-made things flying in space. About 30% of these are satellites, 10% are spaceships, and the rest are space rubbish. An explosion (爆炸) in space in 1999 made a cloud of 300,000 fragments (碎片), each at least 4mm in size. A small piece of these even knocked a spaceship window and caused some damage (损坏). Scientists are watching and reporting any possible danger all the time. They are working to deal with space rubbish. Although space is really dangerous, it interests many people on the earth. In the near future, it may become possible for people to spend a few days in a space hotel. We may even choose to leave the earth and live in space in a few years. 根据语篇内容，回答下列问题。 1．According to Paragraph 1, what are spacemen facing while working in space? 2．Where is the radiation in space from? 3．According to the report in Paragraph 3, how many satellites were there in space? 4．Why does the writer use big numbers like “9,000” and “300,000” when talking about space rubbish? 5．Write an ending sentence for the passage.（不超过15个词） 【答案】1．Danger as well as success. 2．The sun and other stars. 3．2,700. 4．To emphasize the severity of the problem of space rubbish. 5．Space exploration will bring us more surprises and possibilities. 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了随着空间科学的发展，人类对太空的了解越来越多，但太空既神奇又危险，宇航员在太空工作时面临着危险和成功。 1．根据文章第一段“While working in space, spacemen are facing danger as well as success.”可知，宇航员在太空工作时面临着危险和成功。故填Danger as well as success. 2．根据文章第二段“When spacemen are working in space, they are in danger of the radiation from the sun and other stars, which is bad for their health.”可知，太空中的辐射来自太阳和其他恒星。故填The sun and other stars. 3．根据文章第三段“It’s reported that there were 9,000 man-made things flying in space. About 30% of these are satellites”可知，据报道，有9000个人造物体在太空中飞行，其中大约30%是卫星，因此卫星的数量为9000的30%，即2700。故填2,700. 4．根据文章第三段“Space rubbish is also thought to be a great danger to spacemen.”以及后文提到的太空垃圾的数量和爆炸产生的碎片数量，可知作者使用“9,000”和“300,000”这样的大数字是为了强调太空垃圾问题的严重性。故填To emphasize the severity of the problem of space rubbish. 5．根据文章最后一段“Although space is really dangerous, it interests many people on the earth. In the near future, it may become possible for people to spend a few days in a space hotel. We may even choose to leave the earth and live in space in a few years.”可知，尽管太空真的很危险，但它引起了地球上许多人的兴趣。在不久的将来，人们有可能在太空旅馆里住上几天。我们甚至可能选择在几年后离开地球，在太空生活。因此，文章的结尾句可以是对未来太空探索的展望或期待。故填Space exploration will bring us more surprises and possibilities. （二） （2025·山东德州·模拟预测）阅读短文，根据题目要求完成各小题。 Do you know the dragon dance? Do you know the relationship between the dragon dance and Chinese festivals? It is believed that traditional art like this can bring people power and good luck. As a traditional sports activity in China, dragon dance has a long history. It originated (起源于) from the Song and Yuan Dynasties and became popular in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. As early as in the Shang Dynasty, there were records that ancient people dressed up as dragons to pray (祈求) for rain. Nowadays, the form and meaning of the dragon dance have made great progress. It also carries the task of spreading Chinese culture. One place to look for excellent dragon dancers in Shanghai is Sanlin Town, Pudong. ★Representative and Sanlin Dragon Dance Team Representative: Lu Dajie, a 72-year-old man Members: 18 people for two full-length dragons, both men and women Training: Train for at least two hours every two weeks; run 1,500 meters in six minutes and practice many different movements ★The Teaching of Sanlin Dragon Dance Purpose: To pass down the tradition of the dragon dance Place: Sanlin’s Lianfeng Elementary School Form: Dragon dance has been part of P. E. classes for more than ten years 1．When did the dragon dance originate? 2．Why did people dress up as dragons in the Shang Dynasty? 3．Which English word in the passage means “代表人物”? 4．Besides dragon dance, what traditional cultures are taught in your school? (At least two items) 5．Give a proper title to the passage. 【答案】1．It appeared during the Song and Yuan Dynasties. 2．Because they wanted to pray for rain. 3．Representative. 4．Chinese Calligraphy and Peking Opera Facial Makeup./Paper-cutting and Shadow Play. 5．Chinese traditional culture—dragon dance 【解析】本文主要围绕中国传统体育活动舞龙展开，介绍了其悠久历史、文化价值；并以上海浦东三林镇为具体案例，详细说明当地优秀舞龙队的代表人物、成员构成、训练要求，以及三林舞龙在当地小学的教学传承。 1．根据“It originated from the Song and Yuan Dynasties”可知，舞龙起源于宋元时期。故填It appeared during the Song and Yuan Dynasties. 2．根据“As early as in the Shang Dynasty, there were records that ancient people dressed up as dragons to pray for rain.”可知，古人穿得像龙是为了求雨。故填Because they wanted to pray for rain. 3．根据“Representative: Lu Dajie, a 72-year-old man”可知，代表人物：陆大杰，一位72岁的老人。故填Representative. 4．本题为开放性问题，答案不唯一，结合实际合理作答即可。故填Chinese Calligraphy and Peking Opera Facial Makeup./Paper-cutting and Shadow Play. 5．根据文章内容可知，标题需包含舞龙的历史、意义及上海三林镇的舞龙传承。故填Chinese traditional culture—dragon dance。 （三） （2026·河北保定·模拟预测）Did you enjoy playing in nature when you were a kid? Linda did. Growing up on a farm, she loved making little gardens for baby animals. She still does the same thing, but now it’s much bigger: She works as a landscape architect (设计师), turning her childhood love into her life’s work. So, what do landscape architects do? Think of it this way: Building architects design the buildings. Landscape architects design everything around the buildings. Linda loved nature when she was little. But she didn’t know this could be a job until she was 12 years old. One day, a neighbor showed her a copy of Landscape Architecture magazine and said, “You can go to college for this.” And that changed her life. Now, Linda has a big goal. She wants to use her designs to fight climate change and protect the environment. She plans to do this by using less energy and creating less pollution. For example, she designs parks and puts many trees in certain areas. These trees take in bad air. She also reshapes the land near water to help stop floods as sea levels rise. What steps can you take to follow her example? You can start small. Linda suggests taking classes in biology and art, or even just planting flowers in your neighborhood to help bees and birds. All these small actions add up. And you can help protect nature through your everyday work. 1．What did Linda like to do for baby animals on the farm? 2．What do landscape architects do? 3．When did Linda learn that loving nature could be a job? 4．What is Linda’s big goal? 5．List two small things you can do every day to help protect nature. (Your answer should be different from the information in the text.) 【答案】1．She liked to make (little) gardens (for them). 2．They/Landscape architects design everything around the buildings. 3．When she was 12 years old./At the age of 12. 4．(Her big goal is/It is/She wants) to use her designs to fight climate change and protect the environment. 5．I can join a school club that cleans up parks or plants trees./I can learn more about nature/environmental problems./I can go to school by bike instead of by car./I can save water/energy in my daily life./I can use both sides of the paper./I can recycle things./... 【解析】本文主要讲述了景观设计师Linda的成长经历、工作内容以及她希望通过设计保护环境、应对气候变化的目标，并鼓励人们从小事做起保护自然。 1．由文中第一段“Growing up on a farm, she loved making little gardens for baby animals.”可知，她喜欢为小动物们搭建小花园。 2．第二段明确指出“Landscape architects design everything around the buildings.”，即景观设计师的核心工作是设计建筑周边的一切环境与景观。 3．文中第三段提到“But she didn’t know this could be a job until she was 12 years old.”，所以Linda直到12岁时才意识到热爱自然可以成为一份职业。 4．由第四段开头“Now, Linda has a big goal. She wants to use her designs to fight climate change and protect the environment.”可知，Linda希望用自己的设计来应对气候变化和保护环境。 5．本题是开放性试题，答案不唯一，要求写出两件与原文不同的日常保护环境的小事，合理即可。 典｜例｜精｜析 典例3（2026·吉林·模拟预测）Humans share the Earth with all kinds of wildlife and have lived in peace with them for thousands of years. Many of our animal friends may not be around for much longer, however, and many of them are in great danger. According to a study in 2018, the populations of animals including mammals (哺乳动物), birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians have fallen by an average of 60 percent since 1970. What’s worse, a study in 2014 found that species (物种) are dying out 1,000 times faster than normal. Sadly, it is because of humans that animals are in this situation now. By increasing human development, we may end up seriously harming the environment on which animals live and depend. Human development has caused pollution in oceans and three quarters of the world’s land to be affected (影响). The balance between animals and their ecosystems has been greatly harmed by humans. Luckily, many people have realized that our actions in fact does harm to animals, risking our own lives as a result, so effective steps have been quickly taken to save both these endangered animals as well as ourselves. The World Wildlife Fund has called on governments and businesses to protect nature. In China, many nature reserves (保护区) have been set up and harmful behavior such as selling rhino horns (犀牛角), tiger bones and ivory has been banned (禁止). People have been taking steps in the right direction, which is encouraging news. The numbers of many animals have increased. The protection of animals still has a long way to go. In the end, to protect animals is to protect ourselves, and we should spare no effort to live in harmony (和谐) with nature. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1．What do humans share with wildlife according to the passage? 2．In paragraph 2, how many studies are mentioned about the danger to wildlife? 3．Who is (are) responsible for the current (目前的) situation? 4．What has China done to save the endangered wildlife? 5．What is the writer’s purpose of writing the passage? 【答案】1．The Earth. 2．Two. 3．Humans. 4．Many nature reserves have been set up and harmful behavior such as selling rhino horns, tiger bones and ivory has been banned. 5．To call on people to protect animals and live in harmony with nature. 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人类与野生动物共同生活在地球，而当前许多野生动物面临濒危现状，分析了人类活动是主要原因，并阐述了各国及中国采取的保护措施，呼吁人们保护动物、与自然和谐共处。 1．根据“Humans share the Earth with all kinds of wildlife”可知，人类与野生动物共享地球，故填The Earth. 2．根据“According to a study in 2018... What’s worse, a study in 2014 found that...”可知，第二段提到了两项关于野生动物濒危的研究，故填Two. 3．根据“Sadly, it is because of humans that animals are in this situation now”可知，人类应对当前野生动物的处境负责，故填Humans. 4．根据“In China, many nature reserves have been set up and harmful behavior such as selling rhino horns, tiger bones and ivory has been banned”可知，中国建立了许多自然保护区，并禁止了售卖犀牛角、虎骨和象牙等有害行为，故填Many nature reserves have been set up and harmful behavior such as selling rhino horns, tiger bones and ivory has been banned. 5．根据“In the end, to protect animals is to protect ourselves, and we should spare no effort to live in harmony with nature”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是呼吁人们保护动物，与自然和谐共处，故填To call on people to protect animals and live in harmony with nature. 方｜法｜提｜练 一、 解题核心逻辑 1. 语境优先，定位输出的“原文呼应” • 核心原则：阅读表达的答案90%以上都能在原文找到直接或间接线索，输出需立足原文，不主观脑补、不脱离语境，做到“原文有依据，表达合逻辑”。 • 操作方法： 1. 向前找：定位题干关键词对应的前一句，提取核心细节、观点或逻辑线索，为输出提供依据。 2. 向后找：重点看定位句后的补充、解释或总结句，整合信息，确保输出内容完整、无遗漏。 3. 全段找：关注段落内的逻辑词（because、but、so）、情感词及核心句，结合全文语境，避免局部信息片面输出，尤其适配概括类题目。 • 示例：本文第3题 “What did the writer do on the third day?”，定位原文“On the third day, they tried local Beijing Roast Duck and other delicious food.”，后文无补充信息，直接提取核心动作，输出答案，这就是典型的“原文呼应”。 2. 语法辅助，确保输出的“规范准确” • 句式规范判断： ◦ 细节题输出：优先用简单句（主谓宾/主系表），避免复杂从句，确保句子完整，如回答“做什么”，用“主语+动词短语”结构（He played basketball.）。 ◦ 概括类输出：可适当用并列句（and、but连接），整合核心信息，避免句子碎片化，如概括主旨用“The passage mainly talks about...and...”。 • 时态/人称判断： ◦ 时态需与原文一致：原文为过去时，输出必用过去时（如原文“stayed”，输出“stayed”）；原文为一般现在时，输出用一般现在时。 ◦ 人称需与题干一致：题干问“the writer”，输出用“he/she”；题干问“they”，输出用“they”，避免人称混淆。 3. 简洁适配，保证输出的“贴合要求” • 字数适配： ◦ 按题干要求控制字数（如“in one sentence”“within 10 words”），删减无关细节，保留核心信息，不冗长、不遗漏。 • 表达适配： ◦ 细节题：直接提取原文核心信息，用同义替换简化表达（如原文“had a great time”，输出“enjoyed themselves”），避免照搬原文长句。 ◦ 概括类：提炼核心要素（人物+事件+结果/观点），确保概括全面，不片面、不偏离原文主旨。 • 示例：题干“Please summarize the passage in one sentence.”，原文围绕“阅读的好处”展开，输出“The passage mainly talks about the benefits of reading.”，简洁全面，符合题干要求。 二、 实战解题步骤 1. 通读全文，标记输出线索 快速浏览全文（1-2分钟），不纠结生词、细节，重点圈出：① 细节题线索（专有名词、数字、时间、动作）；② 概括类线索（首段、尾段核心句，各段首句）；③ 逻辑词、情感词，建立“输出线索库”，为后续精准输出做准备。 2. 逐题分析，锁定输出依据 对每个题目，先判断题型（细节提取、逻辑推理、概括输出），再精准定位： ◦ 细节题：如第1题 “How long did Lily stay in Beijing?”，圈关键词“Lily”“stay in Beijing”，定位原文“They stayed in Beijing for five days.”，锁定核心信息“for five days”。 ◦ 概括题：如第5题 “What’s the main idea of the passage?”，定位首段“Reading is an important hobby.”和尾段“Reading brings us happiness.”，整合核心信息，确定输出方向。 3. 规范表达，检查语法细节 结合定位依据，组织语言输出，重点检查： ◦ 句式完整：避免句子残缺（如不写主语、缺少谓语），如不能只写“Stayed for five days”，需补充主语“They”。 ◦ 时态/人称：与原文、题干保持一致，如原文用过去时，输出不能用现在时；题干问“the writer”，输出用“she”。 ◦ 同义替换：适当简化表达，避免照搬原文长句，如原文“On the first day, they visited the Great Wall and took many photos there.”，输出“They visited the Great Wall and took photos on the first day.”。 4. 代入验证，确保符合要求 将输出答案代入题干，结合全文语境验证： ◦ 细节题：答案是否完整、准确，是否符合原文语境，无遗漏、无错误。 ◦ 概括类：答案是否涵盖核心要素，是否符合字数要求，是否偏离原文主旨。 ◦ 整体：表达流畅、语法正确，无拼写错误、标点错误。 6 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题17 阅读表达：从理解到概括性输出 目 录 第一部分 考情精析 锁定靶心 高效备考 第二部分 重难考点深解 深度溯源 扫清盲区 【考点01】精准信息提取题（重难点：细节定位 + 同义转述 + 避免遗漏） 【考点02】逻辑分析推理题（重难点：逻辑梳理 + 合理推断 + 避免过度延伸） 【考点03】概括性输出题（重难点：主旨提炼 + 简洁表达 + 符合格式要求） 第三部分 解题思维优化 典例精析+方法提炼+变式巩固 核心考向聚焦 阅读表达是中考英语阅读板块的综合压轴题型，核心考查“从理解到概括性输出”的综合能力，在各地中考中频繁出现，占阅读板块比重约15%-20%。重点考查细节信息提取、逻辑推理推导、全文/段落主旨概括三大类题型，侧重语篇理解后的精准表达、简洁输出。此外，语法规范应用、同义替换、语境适配也有涉及，但相对比重较小，核心围绕“读懂语篇、规范输出”展开。 关键能力与思维瓶颈 关键能力：掌握语篇理解核心技巧，能快速通读全文、定位关键信息，精准把握细节、逻辑关系及主旨大意，实现“读懂”的核心目标；熟练掌握概括性输出技巧，能根据题干要求，规范组织语言，做到细节输出完整、推理输出合理、主旨输出全面，兼顾语法准确性与表达简洁性。需通过语篇实操、技巧专项训练突破。熟练规避输出类常见错误，能结合原文语境验证输出内容的合理性，区分“原文直接信息”与“推理信息”，清晰把控输出规范（字数、句式、时态）。需通过错题复盘、规范训练强化应用。 培优瓶颈：主要受中文思维干扰，理解语篇时易脱离语境主观脑补，定位关键信息不精准；概括性输出时，要么照搬原文长句导致冗长，要么遗漏核心信息导致片面，且易出现时态、人称、拼写等语法错误。同时，解题步骤不规范，缺乏“定位-提取-整合-输出-验证”的完整逻辑，对不同题型的输出要求把握不清晰，在综合语篇中易失分。需强化语篇理解、规范输出与解题逻辑建模能力。 命题前瞻与备考策略 预测：2026年中考中，阅读表达将更注重真实语境下的综合应用，语篇选材贴近学生生活、热点话题（校园生活、环保、科技、文化传承），强调语篇连贯性与实用性。题型设置更灵活，细节题侧重同义替换与信息整合，推理题侧重多线索综合推导，概括题侧重核心要素提炼，将进一步弱化机械记忆，强化“理解-整合-输出”的逻辑思维能力，对输出的规范性、简洁性要求更高。 策略：备考应放弃“盲目刷题、忽视输出规范”的低效模式，转向“逻辑建模”与“语篇应用”。重点训练： 1. 紧扣中考真题，建立阅读表达错题本，按“理解失误（定位偏差、主观脑补）、输出失误（语法错误、信息遗漏、表达冗长）”分类整理，标注错误原因，强化针对性突破； 2. 积累高频同义替换短语、规范输出句式模板（主旨句、细节句、推理句），按题型分类记忆，提升输出速度与规范性； 3. 专项训练“理解-输出”完整流程，每天完成1篇中考真题实操，规范“通读理解-定位提取-整合组织-规范输出-代入验证”的解题步骤； 4. 强化语法规范训练，重点突破时态、人称、句式完整度等高频错误点，结合语篇输出场景，提升语法应用的准确性，实现“从读懂到写对、写好”的突破。 ◇考点 01 精准信息提取题（重难点：细节定位 + 同义转述 + 避免遗漏） 一、考查重点 事实细节提取：针对时间、地点、人物、事件、数字、原因、结果等具体信息的直接提取； 观点细节提取：针对文中人物 / 作者观点、态度的精准抓取（需区分 “事实” 与 “观点”）； 细节综合提取：需整合 2-3 个句子的信息，才能完整回答的复合类问题。 二、解题重难点突破 重点：掌握 “题干关键词定位 + 原文细节锁定” 方法，确保答案源于原文，不添加主观臆断； 难点：避免 “直接照搬原文” 导致的冗余，学会用简洁的同义句替换原文复杂表达；同时注意时态、人称、单复数的一致性转换。 三、万能解题步骤 审题干，抓关键词：圈出题干中的核心名词、动词、时间、地点等关键词，明确答题方向（问什么、答什么）； 定位原文，找依据句：根据关键词快速扫描原文，锁定对应的 1-3 个关键句，标记核心信息； 提炼信息，做转述： 简单细节：直接提取关键信息，替换生僻词 / 复杂短语为简单表达； 复合细节：整合多个句子的核心内容，合并为 1-2 句完整表述； 检查规范，补完整：核对时态（与原文一致）、人称（与题干一致）、单复数、标点，确保句子完整、无语法错误。 四、典例短文 + 题目解析（中考难度） 典例短文 Last month, my sister Lily took a trip to Beijing with her best friend Lucy. They stayed in Beijing for five days. On the first day, they visited the Great Wall and took many photos there. On the second day, they went to the Palace Museum and learned a lot about Chinese history. On the third day, they tried local Beijing Roast Duck and other delicious food. They had a great time in Beijing and hope to go there again next year. 表达题 1（事实细节提取） How long did Lily and Lucy stay in Beijing? 解析： 抓关键词：How long（时长）、stay in Beijing； 定位原文：They stayed in Beijing for five days.； 提炼转述：直接提取核心信息 “five days”，补充完整句子； 检查：时态（一般过去时）、人称一致； 答案：They stayed in Beijing for five days. 表达题 2（观点细节提取） What did Lily and Lucy think of their trip to Beijing? 解析： 抓关键词：think of（认为）、trip to Beijing； 定位原文：They had a great time in Beijing and hope to go there again next year.； 提炼转述：“had a great time” 同义转述为 “had a wonderful/great time” 或 “enjoyed themselves”； 检查：句子完整，无语法错误； 答案：They thought their trip to Beijing was great/wonderful. / They enjoyed themselves in Beijing. 表达题 3（复合细节提取） What did Lily and Lucy do on the third day? 解析： 抓关键词：on the third day、do； 定位原文：On the third day, they tried local Beijing Roast Duck and other delicious food.； 提炼转述：保留核心动作 “tried local Beijing Roast Duck and other delicious food”，简化表达； 检查：时态一致，信息完整； 答案：They tried local Beijing Roast Duck and other delicious food. 易｜错｜提｜醒 ❶ 避免 “答非所问”：严格对应题干问题，不答无关信息（如题干问 “做了什么”，不答 “感受”）； ❷ 警惕 “时态 / 人称错误”：原文是过去时，答案不能用现在时；题干问 “she”，答案不能用 “they”； ❸ 拒绝 “照搬长句”：提取信息后需精简，如原文 “On the first day, they visited the Great Wall and took many photos there.”，答案可简化为 “Visited the Great Wall and took many photos.”（省略主语）。 （一） （2026·河北沧州·模拟预测）    “Future City” is a famous STEM (科学、技术、工程和数学) program for 6th to 8th graders. The competition takes place every year. At the competition, students from around the world work in teams to solve city problems with their engineering ideas. In the autumn of 2024, middle school students in 37 American areas and teams from around the world began to prepare for the 2024~2025 Future City Competition. They each made a project plan, wrote a 1,500-word article, built a city model, and got ready for a 7-minute show. This time, the subject was Above the Water. 100 years later, there might be rising sea levels and climate change, so the teams had to design floating (浮动的) cities for these situations. In January 2025, three students from each team gave a show at area competitions. Winners of area competitions went to the national competition in February. The year’s winner was Team Salacia from a middle school. They got $7,500 and a trip to the US Space Camp. Mullen, an office worker in the US, thinks highly of the “Future City” program. “My favorite part of the program is the soft skills these students get—teamwork, writing, giving shows and speaking well. They also stick by each other, cheer each other on and offer support.” Mullen encourages these future engineers, especially girls, to look into different opportunities in engineering. “Stay curious, ask questions, and don’t fear trying new things!” she says. 1．Who took part in the 2024~2025 “Future City” Competition? 2．Why did the teams have to design floating cities for 100 years later? 3．What did the year’s winning team get in 2025? 4．What soft skills can the students get from the competition? 5．Would you like to take part in the competition? Why? （二） （2026·吉林长春·模拟预测）The couple, Gao Wandong and Chen Jing, have a lifelong task. Over the years, they have taken nearly 100,000 photos of the Great Wall and collected many historical objects. In 2017, they finally built a small museum to share their collections with the whole world. The museum is in Yanchi, Ningxia. The Great Wall runs for 259 kilometers across deserts and hills there. The couple built the museum with borrowed money and a strong will. Inside the museum, visitors can not only see photos of the Great Wall but also admire old art pieces, and local history books that tell the Great Wall’s past stories. Gao Wandong grew up near the Great Wall. As a child, he often hid in its tall watchtowers during sudden sandstorms. Years later, he realized these relics (遗迹) were gradually gone because of the natural forces and human activities. With the help of his wife, Gao began to study and record the Great Wall. Gao drove and took notes, while Chen took photos. What started as a hobby soon became a serious effort to spread the culture of the Great Wall. The couple wrote a book with 600 photos to describe the Great Wall’s beauty and history. The museum has been open to the public for six years. Now it receives thousands of visitors every year, including researchers, students and the Great Wall lovers. The couple also hold photo fairs and educational activities in the museum. “In recent years, Yanchi has stepped up protection, and cases of harm have largely disappeared,” Gao says. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1．When did Gao and Chen build the museum? 2．Where is the couple’s museum? 3．Why were the relics gradually gone in Gao’s eyes? 4．How did the couple describe the beauty and history of the Great Wall? 5．What do the couple also do in the museum? （三） （2026·河北·模拟预测）It can be really awkward (尴尬的) if someone sees you talking to yourself. But don’t feel bad about it! Talking to yourself actually has a lot of benefits (益处). You probably know that thinking is good for the brain. It helps us do things like making plans and managing our feelings. Speaking out loud is like showing this quiet inner (内部的) speech. It can help us do better in different areas like school, sports and work. When encouragement comes from oneself, it adds to self-confidence. A 2009 study invited 72 tennis players to take part in some matches. Researchers put the players into two groups: one group that said nothing while playing, and the other that talked to themselves while playing. They found that the self-talkers showed more confidence and played better than those in the silent group. Talking to yourself, especially in the third person, can also help us manage bad feelings. “Referring to (指代) yourself in the third person leads people to think about themselves more similarly to how they think about others,” said Jason Moser, a professor from Michigan State University, US. This can help us see things from a different point of view, especially when we’re feeling sad or angry. Self-talk also helps improve memory. Researchers tested four different ways to memorize things: reading silently, reading aloud, listening to someone else read and listening to a recording of oneself reading. Those who read out loud recalled (回忆) the information the best, researchers said in their study published in the journal Memory. It’s because the information is likely to become long-term memory if it is said out loud. 1．What has a lot of benefits according to the passage? 2．What can help us do better in different areas? 3．What did researchers find in the 2009 study? 4．Why is reading out loud the best way to recall information? 5．Do you like speaking to yourself? Why or why not? ◇考点 02 逻辑分析推理题（重难点：逻辑梳理 + 合理推断 + 避免过度延伸） 一、考查重点 行为原因 / 结果推理：根据原文细节，推导人物行为的 “原因” 或事件的 “结果”； 变化过程分析：梳理人物 / 事物在文中的变化（如情感、态度、行为的变化）； 主旨启示概括：从文章中提炼出可借鉴的道理、启示、建议（即 “what we can learn”）。 二、解题重难点突破 重点：掌握 “逻辑词定位 + 细节整合 + 合理推导” 方法，所有推理必须有原文依据，不脱离上下文； 难点：区分 “原文直接信息” 与 “推理信息”，避免 “过度推理”（如原文只说 “作者哭了”，不能推理成 “作者很伤心，因为丢了钱”，只能说 “作者很伤心”）；同时注意输出逻辑的连贯性。 三、核心解题技巧 抓逻辑词，理关系： 原因逻辑：because、so、therefore、as a result（定位原因句）； 结果逻辑：lead to、cause、finally（定位结果句）； 变化逻辑：before、after、then、change into（定位变化前后细节）。 整合细节，推结论：将相关细节合并，用 “because/so/and” 等连接词串联，形成完整逻辑链； 提炼启示，贴主题：概括启示时，需结合文章主旨，用 “we should/shouldn’t/it’s important to…” 等句式表达，贴合中考评分标准。 四、典例短文 + 题目解析（中考难度） 典例短文 Tom was a shy boy. He was afraid to speak in front of the class because he thought others would laugh at him. One day, his English teacher asked him to give a short speech in class. Tom felt very nervous at first, but his teacher encouraged him, “Don’t be shy. You can do it well.” With his teacher’s help, Tom tried his best to give the speech. He finished it successfully and got applause from the class. After that, Tom became more confident and started to make more friends. 表达题 1（原因推理） Why was Tom afraid to speak in front of the class? 解析： 抓关键词：Why、afraid to speak in front of the class； 定位原文：He was afraid to speak in front of the class because he thought others would laugh at him.； 整合推导：直接提取原因，简化表达； 检查：逻辑清晰，无语法错误；答案：Because he thought others would laugh at him. 表达题 2（变化过程分析） How did Tom change after giving the speech? 解析： 抓关键词：change after giving the speech； 定位原文：After that, Tom became more confident and started to make more friends.（“that” 指代 “give the speech”）； 整合推导：提取核心变化 “more confident” 和 “make more friends”，用 “and” 连接； 检查：时态一致，变化逻辑清晰；答案：He became more confident and started to make more friends. 表达题 3（主旨启示） What can we learn from the passage? 解析： 抓主旨：文章讲 Tom 从害羞到自信的转变，核心是 “勇敢尝试就能成功”“不要害怕他人看法”； 提炼启示：用 “we should…” 句式表达，贴合主题； 检查：启示贴合文章，表达简洁；答案：We should be brave and try our best to do things we want to do. / Don’t be shy and believe in ourselves. 易｜错｜提｜醒 ❶ 避免 “过度推理”：答案必须基于原文细节，不添加无依据的主观内容（如不能说 “Tom’s teacher was very kind”，原文只说 “encouraged him”）； ❷ 注意 “逻辑词使用”：回答原因 / 结果题时，用 because/so 等连接词，避免句子碎片化； ❸ 启示题要 “贴主题”：不要泛泛而谈，需结合文章具体内容（如本文是 “勇敢尝试”，不能答 “要努力学习”）。 （一） （2026·安徽阜阳·一模）This is a touching story about lost and found. Li Na is a student in Guangzhou. She spent three years making an album (相册) for her grandma’s 70th birthday, with photos and drawings of their time together. Last Sunday, she lost it on the bus when she hurried to visit her grandma. The album was the most priceless gift for her grandma, so Li Na felt very sad. She went to the bus station to ask for help. Then she put up 50 flyers (传单) nearby, but found nothing. Her teacher advised her to post on the school’s message board. She wrote, “This album is full of my love for grandma. I can’t give up finding it.” Two days later, a bus driver named Mr. Zhang saw the post. Mr. Zhang found the album when he cleaned the bus. He noticed the handwritten words on each page and knew it was important. He kept it carefully and checked the group often. Finally, he got in touch with Li Na. Li Na thanked him again and again. Kindness is like a small light, yet it can brighten others’ days. When we choose to help, we pass love and make life more beautiful. We should all be ready to show kindness to others. 1．How long did Li Na spend making the album? (不超过5个词) 2．What did Li Na do first to find the album? (不超过15个词) 3．What can we learn from the story? (不超过15个词) （二） （2026·江苏宿迁·一模） Every five years, China holds the “Two Sessions (两会)”—the CPPCC National Committee (中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会) and the NPC (全国人民代表大会)—to guide the country’s economic and social development. This year’s Two sessions started on March 4 and 5 respectively (分别地). The eight-day event has caught widespread attention as it marks the opening year of the 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-2030). For junior high students, this isn’t just “adult talk”—it’s closely connected with our daily lives! As a key window into China’s development blueprint, the 2026 Two Sessions focus on high-quality development as the key theme. The Two Sessions also pay attention to people-centered development, covering areas like employment, health care, and ecological protection. You might wonder what this means for you. It could mean better school libraries, more after-school sports clubs, or even new science labs in your school. The purpose of these plans is to make our country stronger and our lives better. As teenagers, we are the future of China. We should pay attention to the Two Sessions, not only to learn about our country’s goals but also to think about our own roles. Let’s work hard, gain knowledge, and get ready to make a contribution to the “15th Five-Year Plan” when we grow up. 1．When did this year’s Two Sessions start? 2．What is the purpose of these plans in the 2026 Two Sessions? 3．As a teenager, what will you do to support the“15th Five-Year Plan”? （三） （2026·辽宁大连·模拟预测）Citywalk is becoming a new travel fashion for the youth in China who are exploring cultural spots (景点). Unlike traditional travel, it aims to avoid famous tourist spots and large crowds to get a better experience. Many young people enjoy gathering a couple of good friends and hanging out in the streets when they visit a new city. They can follow a typical city route (路线), exploring old buildings, going window-shopping, drinking a cup of coffee, or enjoying local snacks. In order to show their Citywalk, more and more people prefer to share their experiences and thoughts through social media. Xiao Yiyi, a young guide in Changsha, recently shared six Citywalk routes of different cities on the Internet, providing experiences for visitors to “walk in open-air museums”. Her Changsha travel route includes more unusual sights such as historical buildings, old streets, and even some snack bars. Citywalk is spreading from the largest cities to smaller ones, encouraging more travelers and event organizers to join. Some places, such as Beijing and Shandong, have included Citywalk in their plans to develop cultural tourism and relaxing tours. Shanghai has set up Citywalk bus routes to help day-trippers reach more faraway areas first, and then continue on foot. Citywalk not only offers a way for young people to explore a city but also provides them with a new social situation, where they can share their interests and ideas and make friends easily. What’s more, Citywalk provides an opportunity for tour guides and travel companies to offer a more professional service to meet the ever changing market requirements. 1．How is Citywalk different from traditional travel? 2．What did Xiao Yiyi share online recently? 3．Why did Shandong include Citywalk in the plans of tourism? 4．Do you like to take a Citywalk? Why or why not? Write 30 words or more. ◇考点 03 概括性输出题（重难点：主旨提炼 + 简洁表达 + 符合格式要求） 一、考查重点 全文主旨概括：用 1-2 句话概括文章的主要内容、中心思想； 段落主旨概括：概括某一段的核心内容（如 “Please summarize the first paragraph.”）； 标题归纳：为文章 / 段落拟定最贴合主旨的标题（通常简洁，1-5 个单词）； 内容要点概括：提取文章的 3-4 个核心要点，按要求整理（如 “List three ways to protect the environment.”）。 二、解题重难点突破 重点：掌握 “核心句抓取 + 细节删减 + 简洁重组” 方法，优先定位首段首句、尾段尾句、各段首句； 难点：避免 “以偏概全”（只选局部细节作为主旨）、避免 “过于冗长”（包含过多无关细节）、符合字数限制（如 “in one sentence”“within 10 words”）。 三、三大核心概括技巧 主旨概括三要素法：概括句子必须包含核心人物 + 核心事件 + 核心结果 / 观点，缺一不可； 标题归纳简洁原则：标题需简洁、醒目，优先用名词短语 / 动词短语，避免完整句子；不选范围过大 / 过小的标题； 要点概括分类法：按题干要求（如 “three points”），从原文中提取 3 个核心细节，用 “First/Second/Third” 或 “1. 2. 3.” 整理，避免重复。 四、典例短文 + 题目解析（中考难度） 典例短文 Reading is an important hobby for people of all ages. It can help us learn new knowledge, open our minds, and relax ourselves. When we read books, we can travel around the world without leaving home. We can also meet different people and learn about their lives through reading. In addition, reading can improve our language skills and make us more creative. Whether we read storybooks, science books, or history books, we can gain a lot from them. Reading is a lifelong journey that brings us endless happiness. 表达题 1（全文主旨概括：一句话概括） Please summarize the passage in one sentence. 解析： 抓核心句：首句Reading is an important hobby for people of all ages. + 尾句Reading is a lifelong journey that brings us endless happiness.； 提炼三要素：核心人物（we/people）+ 核心事件（read books）+ 核心结果（important hobby, gain a lot, bring happiness）； 删减重组：整合为简洁的一句话，控制字数； 检查：包含三要素，符合 “一句话” 要求； 答案：Reading is an important lifelong hobby that brings us a lot of benefits and happiness. 表达题 2（标题归纳） What’s the best title for the passage? 解析： 抓主旨：文章围绕 “阅读的重要性和好处” 展开； 简洁归纳：用名词短语概括，贴合主旨； 排除干扰：避免 “Reading books”（过于具体）、“The importance of reading”（稍冗长）； 答案：Reading: A Valuable Hobby / The Importance of Reading 表达题 3（要点概括） List three benefits of reading mentioned in the passage. 解析： 定位原文： 好处 1：help us learn new knowledge, open our minds, and relax ourselves； 好处 2：travel around the world without leaving home； 好处 3：improve our language skills and make us more creative； 提炼要点：提取核心内容，简化表达； 分类整理：用 “1. 2. 3.” 清晰呈现； 答案： 1.Learn new knowledge, open our minds and relax ourselves. 2.Travel around the world without leaving home. 3.Improve language skills and become more creative. 易｜错｜提｜醒 ❶ 主旨概括 “不选细节”：任何只涉及某一段、某一个好处的内容，都不能作为全文主旨； ❷ 标题归纳 “不超范围”：如本文主旨是 “阅读的好处”，标题不能选 “How to Read Books”（如何读书）； ❸ 要点概括 “不超数量”：题干要求 “three benefits”，不能答 4 个，且需简洁，不抄原文长句。 （一） （2026·广西柳州·一模）As space science develops, man has learned more and more about space. Space is not only amazing but also dangerous. While working in space, spacemen are facing danger as well as success. Scientists have found out that the radiation (辐射) is the greatest danger to spacemen in space. When spacemen are working in space, they are in danger of the radiation from the sun and other stars, which is bad for their health. The harm of the radiation won’t be found until their children even grandchildren are born. Some special medicine may work a little, but no really effective medicine has been found so far. Space rubbish is also thought to be a great danger to spacemen. It’s reported that there were 9,000 man-made things flying in space. About 30% of these are satellites, 10% are spaceships, and the rest are space rubbish. An explosion (爆炸) in space in 1999 made a cloud of 300,000 fragments (碎片), each at least 4mm in size. A small piece of these even knocked a spaceship window and caused some damage (损坏). Scientists are watching and reporting any possible danger all the time. They are working to deal with space rubbish. Although space is really dangerous, it interests many people on the earth. In the near future, it may become possible for people to spend a few days in a space hotel. We may even choose to leave the earth and live in space in a few years. 根据语篇内容，回答下列问题。 1．According to Paragraph 1, what are spacemen facing while working in space? 2．Where is the radiation in space from? 3．According to the report in Paragraph 3, how many satellites were there in space? 4．Why does the writer use big numbers like “9,000” and “300,000” when talking about space rubbish? 5．Write an ending sentence for the passage.（不超过15个词） （二） （2025·山东德州·模拟预测）阅读短文，根据题目要求完成各小题。 Do you know the dragon dance? Do you know the relationship between the dragon dance and Chinese festivals? It is believed that traditional art like this can bring people power and good luck. As a traditional sports activity in China, dragon dance has a long history. It originated (起源于) from the Song and Yuan Dynasties and became popular in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. As early as in the Shang Dynasty, there were records that ancient people dressed up as dragons to pray (祈求) for rain. Nowadays, the form and meaning of the dragon dance have made great progress. It also carries the task of spreading Chinese culture. One place to look for excellent dragon dancers in Shanghai is Sanlin Town, Pudong. ★Representative and Sanlin Dragon Dance Team Representative: Lu Dajie, a 72-year-old man Members: 18 people for two full-length dragons, both men and women Training: Train for at least two hours every two weeks; run 1,500 meters in six minutes and practice many different movements ★The Teaching of Sanlin Dragon Dance Purpose: To pass down the tradition of the dragon dance Place: Sanlin’s Lianfeng Elementary School Form: Dragon dance has been part of P. E. classes for more than ten years 1．When did the dragon dance originate? 2．Why did people dress up as dragons in the Shang Dynasty? 3．Which English word in the passage means “代表人物”? 4．Besides dragon dance, what traditional cultures are taught in your school? (At least two items) 5．Give a proper title to the passage. （三） （2026·河北保定·模拟预测）Did you enjoy playing in nature when you were a kid? Linda did. Growing up on a farm, she loved making little gardens for baby animals. She still does the same thing, but now it’s much bigger: She works as a landscape architect (设计师), turning her childhood love into her life’s work. So, what do landscape architects do? Think of it this way: Building architects design the buildings. Landscape architects design everything around the buildings. Linda loved nature when she was little. But she didn’t know this could be a job until she was 12 years old. One day, a neighbor showed her a copy of Landscape Architecture magazine and said, “You can go to college for this.” And that changed her life. Now, Linda has a big goal. She wants to use her designs to fight climate change and protect the environment. She plans to do this by using less energy and creating less pollution. For example, she designs parks and puts many trees in certain areas. These trees take in bad air. She also reshapes the land near water to help stop floods as sea levels rise. What steps can you take to follow her example? You can start small. Linda suggests taking classes in biology and art, or even just planting flowers in your neighborhood to help bees and birds. All these small actions add up. And you can help protect nature through your everyday work. 1．What did Linda like to do for baby animals on the farm? 2．What do landscape architects do? 3．When did Linda learn that loving nature could be a job? 4．What is Linda’s big goal? 5．List two small things you can do every day to help protect nature. (Your answer should be different from the information in the text.) 典｜例｜精｜析 典例3（2026·吉林·模拟预测）Humans share the Earth with all kinds of wildlife and have lived in peace with them for thousands of years. Many of our animal friends may not be around for much longer, however, and many of them are in great danger. According to a study in 2018, the populations of animals including mammals (哺乳动物), birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians have fallen by an average of 60 percent since 1970. What’s worse, a study in 2014 found that species (物种) are dying out 1,000 times faster than normal. Sadly, it is because of humans that animals are in this situation now. By increasing human development, we may end up seriously harming the environment on which animals live and depend. Human development has caused pollution in oceans and three quarters of the world’s land to be affected (影响). The balance between animals and their ecosystems has been greatly harmed by humans. Luckily, many people have realized that our actions in fact does harm to animals, risking our own lives as a result, so effective steps have been quickly taken to save both these endangered animals as well as ourselves. The World Wildlife Fund has called on governments and businesses to protect nature. In China, many nature reserves (保护区) have been set up and harmful behavior such as selling rhino horns (犀牛角), tiger bones and ivory has been banned (禁止). People have been taking steps in the right direction, which is encouraging news. The numbers of many animals have increased. The protection of animals still has a long way to go. In the end, to protect animals is to protect ourselves, and we should spare no effort to live in harmony (和谐) with nature. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1．What do humans share with wildlife according to the passage? 2．In paragraph 2, how many studies are mentioned about the danger to wildlife? 3．Who is (are) responsible for the current (目前的) situation? 4．What has China done to save the endangered wildlife? 5．What is the writer’s purpose of writing the passage? 6 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $