Unit 6 Crossing Cultures（话题阅读精练）英语新教材人教版八年级下册

Unit6 Crossing Cultures话题阅读精练 模块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage1 阅读理解 记叙文 210 世界文化博大精深，国家之间的哪些文化差异让你觉得印象深刻？ Passage2 阅读理解 记叙文 374 不同国家存在着文化差异，你知道单词背后也会有不同的文化差异吗？ 实战演练 Passage1 完形填空 说明文 215 本文讲述南希在法国巴黎的派对上有过尴尬经历，从而总结出法国的社交习俗与礼仪，并给出相关建议。 Passage2 完形填空 记叙文 258 本文讲述害羞的Nancy受邀参加晚宴，因担心餐桌礼仪而紧张，朋友Christine耐心教导后她最终放松并享受晚宴的故事。 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 341 本文主要介绍了日本、印度、法国和沙特阿拉伯四个国家的一些重要文化礼仪，旨在帮助读者更好地进行跨文化交流。 Passage4 阅读理解 说明文 232 本文通过对比中国与印度 “摇头” 的不同含义，结合外国官员在印度的经历，介绍了不同国家的文化差异。 时文阅读 Passage1 Cultural differences between China and the United States 中美文化差异 In China, I had English classes five times a week since the fifth grade. However, I didn’t know how different textbook English could be from everyday English until I came to Hotchkiss School, Connecticut. When I first studied English, I was told to say “I am fine.” when people say “How are you?” But in the US, I found that people said, “I am good.” or “I’m tired.” One day, someone greeted me with “What’s up?” It made me confused (迷惑的). I just didn’t know what to say. Since then, I have learned more and more differences between Chinese and US cultures. To my surprise, US girls spend a lot of time in the burning sun to get a tan. However, in China, girls try every possible way to get their skin paler, or “whiter”. I am also surprised by how hardworking US students are. In China, schoolwork is almost everything, so we study hard and that’s it. But here, a “good” student gets good grades, does a lot for the public and plays sports or music. The kids here are so clever, and I am sorry that I gave up playing the piano at an early age and that I have never thought about sports. 翻译： 在中国，我从五年级开始每周上五次英语课。然而，直到我来到康涅狄格州的霍奇基斯学校，我才知道课本英语和日常英语有多大的不同。 当我第一次学习英语时，有人告诉我说“我很好”。当人们说“你好吗？”但在美国，我发现人们说“我很好”或“我累了”。 有一天，有人向我打招呼：“怎么了？”这让我很困惑。我不知道该说什么。 从那以后，我学到了越来越多的中美文化差异。 令我惊讶的是，美国女孩花了很多时间在烈日下晒太阳。然而，在中国，女孩们千方百计让自己的皮肤变白。 我也对美国学生的努力程度感到惊讶。在中国，功课几乎是一切，所以我们努力学习。但在这里，一个“好”学生会取得好成绩，为公众做很多事，并且会运动或学习音乐。 这里的孩子们都很聪明，我很抱歉，我很小就放弃了弹钢琴，我从来没有想过运动。 【长难句分析】 1. I didn’t know how different textbook English could be from everyday English until I came to Hotchkiss School, Connecticut. “I didn’t know how different textbook English could be...” 含有一个由连接词how引导的宾语从句，宾语从句的语序为陈述语序。主句中还含有until引导的时间状语从句，与主句的not构成not…until结构，表示“直到……才”。 2. I have learned more and more differences between Chinese and US cultures. 本句时态为现在完成时，结构为“have/has+动词的过去分词”，表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在，对现在造成的影响，可能持续发生下去，现在完成时的标志词一般有yet, already, for+一段时间，since+时间点...。 3. I am sorry that I gave up playing the piano at an early age and that I have never thought about sports. “I am sorry that...” 后接一个由连接词that引导的宾语从句，某些表示心理状态的形容词作表语时，后面可接that引导的宾语从句。 【重难词汇梳理】 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 textbook [ˈtekstbʊk] n. 教科书；课本 tan [tæn] n.黄褐色；棕黄色；晒成棕褐肤色 greet [gri:t] v. 问候，打招呼 pale [peɪl] adj. 苍白的；白皙的 to one’s surprise令某人惊讶的是 hardworking [ˈhɑrˌdwɜrkɪŋ] adj. 努力的；勤奋的 burn [bɜ:rn]vt.（使）晒伤，烫伤 public [ˈpʌblɪk] adj. 平民的；大众的；公众的 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【读后练习】 I. Fill in the mind map according to the passage. II. Choose the best answer. 5. From what aspects does the author talk about the differences between Chinese and American cultures? ① Greetings ② The pursuit of beauty ③The hair color ④ Different focus on studying A.①②③④ B. ①②④ C. ①②③ D. ①③④ 6. From the passage, which situation will most probably happen? A. Lily, an exchange student from US, will take an umbrella in hot weather to prevent her skin from getting dark. B. Mike’s parents will punish him if he does bad schoolwork. C. Xiaoming will spend all his free time joining Chinese cram schools (补习班) to improve his grades. D. It’s easy for me to get into American life. 7. We can conclude from the passage that ______. A. Chinese like dark skin. B. Chinese children are not allowed to play the piano, sports or music, which will influence their study. C. The kids in US are smarter than Chinese because they pay more attention to outside activities. D. What we learned from textbooks about the greetings is different the actual situation in US. 8. Which methods did the author use to write this article? A. By comparison B. Giving examples C. Giving opinions D. Setting questions III. Talk with your partners and write down your answers. 9.What other differences between US and Chinese culture can you talk about? ___________________________________________________________________________ Passage2 Cultural differences of “old” “老”的文化差异 I’m Jack. When my family moved to America in 2010 from a small village in Guangdong, China, we brought not only our luggage, but also our village rules, customs and culture. One of the rules is that young people should always respect (尊敬) elders. Unluckily, this rule led to my very first embarrassment in the United States. I had a part-time job as a waiter in a Chinese restaurant. One time, when I was serving food to a middle-aged couple, the wife asked me how the food could be served so quickly. I told her that I had made sure they got their food quickly because I always respect the elderly. As soon as I said that, her face showed great displeasure. My manager, who happened to hear what I said, took me aside and gave me a long lecture about how sensitive (敏感的) Americans are and how they dislike the description “old”. I then walked back to the table and apologized to the wife. After the couple heard my reason, they understood that the problem was caused by cultural differences, so they laughed and were no longer angry. In my village in China, people are proud of being old. Not so many people live to be seventy or eighty, and people who reach such an age have the most knowledge and experience. Young people always respect older people because they know they can learn from their rich experience. However, in the United States, people think “growing old” is a problem since “old” shows that a person is going to retire or that the body is not working well. Here many people try to keep themselves away from growing old by doing exercises or jogging, and women put on makeup, hoping to look young. When I told the couple in the restaurant that I respect the elderly, they got angry because this caused them to feel they had failed to stay young. I had told them something they didn’t want to hear. After that, I changed the way I had been with older people. It is not that I don’t respect them any more; I still respect them, but now I don’t show my feelings through words. 我是杰克。2010年，当我的家人从中国广东的一个小村庄搬到美国时，我们不仅带了行李，还带了村规民约、风俗习惯和文化。其中一条规则是年轻人应该永远尊重长辈。不幸的是，这条规则导致了我在美国的第一次尴尬。 我在一家中餐馆兼职做服务员。有一次，当我给一对中年夫妇端菜时，妻子问我怎么能这么快端上来。我告诉她，我已经确保他们很快得到食物，因为我一直尊重老人。我一说完，她的脸上就流露出极大的不快。我的经理碰巧听到了我的话，他把我拉到一边，对我进行了一场关于美国人是如何敏感的长篇大论。他们不喜欢“老”这个描述。然后我走回桌子前，向妻子道歉。当这对夫妇听到我的理由后，他们明白了问题是由文化差异引起的，所以他们笑了，不再生气了。 在我的中国村庄里，人们以年老为荣。没有那么多人活到七八十岁，而到了这个年纪的人拥有最多的知识和经验。年轻人总是尊重老年人，因为他们知道他们可以从丰富的经验中学习。 然而，在美国，人们认为“变老”是一个问题，因为“老”意味着一个人将要退休或身体不好。在这里，许多人试图通过锻炼或慢跑来防止自己变老，而女性则通过化妆，希望她们看起来年轻。 当我在餐厅告诉这对夫妇我尊重老人时，他们很生气，因为这让他们觉得自己没能保持年轻。我说了一些他们不想听的话。 之后，我改变了与老年人相处的方式。并不是我不再尊重他们；我仍然尊重他们，但现在我不再通过言语表达我的感情。 【长难句分析】 1. We brought not only our luggage, but also our village rules. not only but also该句式连接两个分句，它的意思是“不仅……而且……”not only位于句首时，第一个分句中的主语和谓语要部分倒装；not only but also用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，其中的also有时可以省略。 2. I told her that I had made sure they got their food quickly because I always respect the elderly. I told her that... 是一个由引导词that引导的宾语从句，that在从句中不作任何成分，通常不需翻译，当主句是一般过去时时，从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前。 3. I had told them something they didn’t want to hear. 本句时态为过去完成时，结构为“had+动词的过去分词”，表示动作发生在过去的过去。另外，关系代词that引导定语从句，修饰代表事/物的先行词，关系代词that在句子中充当主语时不可省略，但作为宾语时可以省略。 【重难词汇梳理】 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 luggage[ˈlʌɡɪdʒ]n. 行李 displeasure [dɪsˈpleʒər] n. 烦恼；生气；不悦 custom[ˈkʌstəm] n. 风俗；习俗 description [dɪˈskrɪpʃn] n. 描述；说明 embarrassment [ɪmˈbærəsmənt]n. 尴尬；难堪 apologize [əˈpɑ:lədʒaɪz] v. 道歉；谢罪 lead to 导致 be proud of 为……感到骄傲 as soon as 一……就…… retire [rɪˈtaɪər] v.（使）退休；（令）退职 【读后练习】 I. Fill in the mind map according to the passage. II. Choose the best answer. 5. Why “this rule led to my very first embarrassment in the United States”? A. Because I had a bad part-time job experience in a Chinese restaurant. B. Because the manager gave me a long lecture about the rules. C. Because I didn’t know Americans feel sensitive about the description of old when I showed my respect to them. D. Because what I said to a middle-aged couple made them angry. 6. The reason why people are proud of being old in China is that______. A. they are proud of their longevity. B. they had all knowledge and experience. C. they know that young people can learn from them. D. they are experienced and they can pass the rich experience to the young. 7. We can know from the passage that ______. A. The couple got angry about my insulting words and they didn’t forgive me any more. B. Americans don’t want to be old, which means they will leave from the work or have a worse body. C. I don’t understand why Americans felt so sensitive about their age. D. After the experience in restaurant, I don’t show my feelings through words. 8. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. The embarrassed experience as a waiter in Chinese restaurant. B. My opinion about the different cultures of “old”. C. Cultural difference of “old” between China and America. D. The reason why people don’t like others calling them old. III. Talk with your partners and write down your answers. 9.Please talk about other cultural difference between different countries. ___________________________________________________________ 实战演练 Passage1 Nancy was a shy girl. She went to study in England. She got an invitation from the Smiths to their dinner party one evening. Nancy was 1 at first, but soon she began to feel worried. Before the party, Nancy put on a beautiful 2 and stayed in her room. Christine, her new friend, came in. “You look great in your dress. But why are you so nervous?” Christine asked. “I’m going to Mr. Smith’s dinner party, 3 I don’t know much about table manners,” answered Nancy. “Don’t worry, Nancy. I can 4 you some table manners now. The first thing you need to learn is to wait until all the food is on the table before you start to eat,” said Christine. On hearing her words, Nancy looked less 5 . That was easy for her. “What about the knife and fork? Is it necessary to 6 the knife and fork?” she asked. “Of course. You would have no other 7 ,” Christine said. “One more thing—never talk when your mouth is 8 . You should also chew (咀嚼) with your mouth closed.” Nancy looked relaxed. She never chewed with her mouth open. “Be careful, Nancy! Try not to burp (打嗝). It’s really important because we’re a little strict about that,” Christine 9 . Nancy thought she wouldn’t burp, so she got more relaxed. “I think it will be 10 to have dinner with the Smiths. Thank you, Christine,” said Nancy. Nancy had a good time with the Smiths that night. 1．A．happy B．hungry C．funny D．careless 2．A．sweater B．coat C．shirt D．dress 3．A．but B．because C．so D．if 4．A．guess B．borrow C．win D．teach 5．A．nervous B．direct C．shocked D．painful 6．A．raise B．find C．draw D．use 7．A．trouble B．advice C．choice D．task 8．A．open B．full C．hot D．busy 9．A．created B．planned C．wondered D．added 10．A．terrible B．strange C．great D．tiring Passage2 Nancy is studying in Paris. She had some embarrassing experiences at a party last month, but her friends helped her learn more about French 1 . Now she wants to share some tips. First, you shouldn’t arrive early to a party. It’s 2 to be on time or a few minutes late. Arriving early can cause problems because the host might still be 3 everything ready. Second, it’s important to bring a gift when you visit someone. At the party, Nancy didn’t bring anything. But everyone else brought gifts like chocolates 4 flowers. She felt very embarrassed. Third, you should always try to 5 for the occasion. Nancy was wearing a simple blouse and shorts, but everyone else was dressed very nicely. She felt silly. Fourth, it’s best not to ask 6 questions unless you know the person well. French people are quite private. They don’t like it when others ask about their age, family, 7 they are married, or how much money they make. Food and culture are 8 conversation topics. Finally, Nancy advises using French whenever possible. Even a simple “merci” goes a long way and can help you develop 9 relationships with people. It’s very important in French culture. Nancy hopes these tips will help her friend Diana when she 10 France. 1．A．customs B．custom C．customer 2．A．normal B．normally C．norm 3．A．get B．getting C．got 4．A．and B．but C．or 5．A．wear B．dress C．put 6．A．personal B．person C．personality 7．A．if B．whether C．that 8．A．danger B．dangerous C．safe 9．A．close B．closer C．closest 10．A．visit B．visits C．visiting Passage3 When traveling or communicating with people from other countries, understanding cultural etiquette is essential to avoid misunderstandings and show respect. Here are some key etiquette tips from different cultures. In Japan, etiquette is highly valued in daily life. When greeting someone, people usually bow instead of shaking hands. The depth and duration of the bow depend on the relationship and situation—more formal occasions require a deeper and longer bow. It’s also polite to remove your shoes when entering someone’s home or certain traditional buildings. Additionally, pointing with your finger is considered rude; instead, you can gesture with an open hand. In India, family and religion play important roles in culture. When meeting someone for the first time, joining your hands together (known as “namaste”) and nodding slightly is a common and respectful greeting. It’s important to avoid touching people’s heads, as the head is considered the most sacred part of the body. Also, eating with your left hand is frowned upon, as the left hand is believed to be unclean. In France, people value politeness and formality in social interactions. Greeting with a handshake is common, and close friends or family members may kiss each other on the cheeks (usually twice, starting with the left cheek). It’s important to address people by their titles (such as “Monsieur” for men and “Madame” for women) unless invited to use their first names. When dining, it’s rude to start eating before the host says “bon appétit”. In Saudi Arabia, Islamic culture influences many aspects of daily life. Greetings are warm and often involve asking about the other person’s family and health. Men usually shake hands with other men, but physical contact between men and women who are not relatives is generally avoided. It’s important to dress modestly, especially for women, who should cover their shoulders and knees in public. Also, avoid eating, drinking, or smoking in public during Ramadan. By learning and respecting these cultural etiquette rules, we can build better relationships with people from different backgrounds and enjoy a more harmonious cross-cultural experience. 1．How do people usually greet each other in Japan? A．By shaking hands. B．By bowing. C．By joining hands and nodding. D．By kissing on the cheeks. 2．What is considered rude in India? A．Using “namaste” as a greeting. B．Touching someone’s head. C．Eating with the right hand. D．Asking about family. 3．How many times do close friends usually kiss each other on the cheeks in France? A．Once. B．Twice. C．Three times. D．Four times. 4．What should women do when in public in Saudi Arabia? A．Dress modestly and cover shoulders and knees. B．Shake hands with all men they meet. C．Eat and drink freely during Ramadan. D．Use first names when addressing people. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The importance of traveling abroad. B．Different family structures in different countries. C．Cultural etiquette tips from various countries. D．Religious beliefs around the world. Passage4 The meaning of shaking the head is not always the same in different countries. For example,in China,when people shake their heads,they mean “No”. But in India, it is different. Maybe some visitors in India will be surprised to find that an Indian often shakes his head. The visitors might think that the Indian doesn’t like what they say. But in fact,the Indian is saying “Yes” by shaking his head.If someone wants to visit India, he should know this, or it will bring him some trouble. One day, a foreign officer went to India on business. He hired (雇用) an Indian driver, and gave the driver some money to drive a car. When he told his driver to send him to his office, the Indian shook his head at once. The officer said again and the driver shook his head again. At last, the officer got angry. “How can you refuse me?” he shouted. “Take me to my office now!” The driver answered in a quite loud voice, “Yes, sir!” But surprisingly, the driver shook his head at the same time. The car started, and the foreign officer was too surprised to say a word. He thought about it for a long time, and then he nodded with a smile, “Shaking heads means ‘Yes’ here!” So next time when you come to India, think twice before you shake your head. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By giving an example. C．By asking a question. D．By giving some numbers. 2．Why was the foreign officer surprised? A．The driver could not understand him. B．The driver refused to send him to the office. C．The driver shook his head when he said“Yes”. D．The driver drove him to another place. 3．What’s the best title for this passage? A．A Driver Shouldn’t Shake His Head B．Shaking Heads Will Make Others Angry C．Don’t Shake Your Head in India D．Shaking Heads May Have Different Meanings 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Unit6 Crossing Cultures话题阅读精练 模块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage1 阅读理解 记叙文 210 世界文化博大精深，国家之间的哪些文化差异让你觉得印象深刻？ Passage2 阅读理解 记叙文 374 不同国家存在着文化差异，你知道单词背后也会有不同的文化差异吗？ 实战演练 Passage1 完形填空 说明文 215 本文讲述南希在法国巴黎的派对上有过尴尬经历，从而总结出法国的社交习俗与礼仪，并给出相关建议。 Passage2 完形填空 记叙文 258 本文讲述害羞的Nancy受邀参加晚宴，因担心餐桌礼仪而紧张，朋友Christine耐心教导后她最终放松并享受晚宴的故事。 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 341 本文主要介绍了日本、印度、法国和沙特阿拉伯四个国家的一些重要文化礼仪，旨在帮助读者更好地进行跨文化交流。 Passage4 阅读理解 说明文 232 本文通过对比中国与印度 “摇头” 的不同含义，结合外国官员在印度的经历，介绍了不同国家的文化差异。 时文阅读 Passage1 Cultural differences between China and the United States 中美文化差异 In China, I had English classes five times a week since the fifth grade. However, I didn’t know how different textbook English could be from everyday English until I came to Hotchkiss School, Connecticut. When I first studied English, I was told to say “I am fine.” when people say “How are you?” But in the US, I found that people said, “I am good.” or “I’m tired.” One day, someone greeted me with “What’s up?” It made me confused (迷惑的). I just didn’t know what to say. Since then, I have learned more and more differences between Chinese and US cultures. To my surprise, US girls spend a lot of time in the burning sun to get a tan. However, in China, girls try every possible way to get their skin paler, or “whiter”. I am also surprised by how hardworking US students are. In China, schoolwork is almost everything, so we study hard and that’s it. But here, a “good” student gets good grades, does a lot for the public and plays sports or music. The kids here are so clever, and I am sorry that I gave up playing the piano at an early age and that I have never thought about sports. 翻译： 在中国，我从五年级开始每周上五次英语课。然而，直到我来到康涅狄格州的霍奇基斯学校，我才知道课本英语和日常英语有多大的不同。 当我第一次学习英语时，有人告诉我说“我很好”。当人们说“你好吗？”但在美国，我发现人们说“我很好”或“我累了”。 有一天，有人向我打招呼：“怎么了？”这让我很困惑。我不知道该说什么。 从那以后，我学到了越来越多的中美文化差异。 令我惊讶的是，美国女孩花了很多时间在烈日下晒太阳。然而，在中国，女孩们千方百计让自己的皮肤变白。 我也对美国学生的努力程度感到惊讶。在中国，功课几乎是一切，所以我们努力学习。但在这里，一个“好”学生会取得好成绩，为公众做很多事，并且会运动或学习音乐。 这里的孩子们都很聪明，我很抱歉，我很小就放弃了弹钢琴，我从来没有想过运动。 【长难句分析】 1. I didn’t know how different textbook English could be from everyday English until I came to Hotchkiss School, Connecticut. “I didn’t know how different textbook English could be...” 含有一个由连接词how引导的宾语从句，宾语从句的语序为陈述语序。主句中还含有until引导的时间状语从句，与主句的not构成not…until结构，表示“直到……才”。 2. I have learned more and more differences between Chinese and US cultures. 本句时态为现在完成时，结构为“have/has+动词的过去分词”，表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在，对现在造成的影响，可能持续发生下去，现在完成时的标志词一般有yet, already, for+一段时间，since+时间点...。 3. I am sorry that I gave up playing the piano at an early age and that I have never thought about sports. “I am sorry that...” 后接一个由连接词that引导的宾语从句，某些表示心理状态的形容词作表语时，后面可接that引导的宾语从句。 【重难词汇梳理】 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 textbook [ˈtekstbʊk] n. 教科书；课本 tan [tæn] n.黄褐色；棕黄色；晒成棕褐肤色 greet [gri:t] v. 问候，打招呼 pale [peɪl] adj. 苍白的；白皙的 to one’s surprise令某人惊讶的是 hardworking [ˈhɑrˌdwɜrkɪŋ] adj. 努力的；勤奋的 burn [bɜ:rn]vt.（使）晒伤，烫伤 public [ˈpʌblɪk] adj. 平民的；大众的；公众的 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【读后练习】 I. Fill in the mind map according to the passage. II. Choose the best answer. 5. From what aspects does the author talk about the differences between Chinese and American cultures? ① Greetings ② The pursuit of beauty ③The hair color ④ Different focus on studying A.①②③④ B. ①②④ C. ①②③ D. ①③④ 6. From the passage, which situation will most probably happen? A. Lily, an exchange student from US, will take an umbrella in hot weather to prevent her skin from getting dark. B. Mike’s parents will punish him if he does bad schoolwork. C. Xiaoming will spend all his free time joining Chinese cram schools (补习班) to improve his grades. D. It’s easy for me to get into American life. 7. We can conclude from the passage that ______. A. Chinese like dark skin. B. Chinese children are not allowed to play the piano, sports or music, which will influence their study. C. The kids in US are smarter than Chinese because they pay more attention to outside activities. D. What we learned from textbooks about the greetings is different the actual situation in US. 8. Which methods did the author use to write this article? A. By comparison B. Giving examples C. Giving opinions D. Setting questions III. Talk with your partners and write down your answers. 9.What other differences between US and Chinese culture can you talk about? ___________________________________________________________________________ 答案 1. learned/learnt 2. greet 3. tan 4. physical 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. American people are independent, while Chinese people prefer to be together or make full of their relationship. 解析 1-4 略。 5. 概括总结题。根据全文作者对中美文化差异的描写，可以知道以下几方面是文章中所提到的：1.中美打招呼方式的差异2. 中美对美的追求的不用3. 中美学习的侧重点不同。故选B。 6. 细节理解题。根据最后一段 “In China, schoolwork is almost everything, so we study hard and that’s it. ” 可知，中国孩子会在空余时间参加很多课外补习班去提高成绩，这一现象在中国很常见。故选C。 7. 推理推断题。根据第二段作者的经历可知，课本上学习的问候语和实际美国人打招呼的方式是不同的。故选D。 8. 推理判断题。通过对全文内容的掌握，可以知道作者主要运用对比的方法，讲述了中美文化差异。故选A。 9. 略。 Passage2 Cultural differences of “old” “老”的文化差异 I’m Jack. When my family moved to America in 2010 from a small village in Guangdong, China, we brought not only our luggage, but also our village rules, customs and culture. One of the rules is that young people should always respect (尊敬) elders. Unluckily, this rule led to my very first embarrassment in the United States. I had a part-time job as a waiter in a Chinese restaurant. One time, when I was serving food to a middle-aged couple, the wife asked me how the food could be served so quickly. I told her that I had made sure they got their food quickly because I always respect the elderly. As soon as I said that, her face showed great displeasure. My manager, who happened to hear what I said, took me aside and gave me a long lecture about how sensitive (敏感的) Americans are and how they dislike the description “old”. I then walked back to the table and apologized to the wife. After the couple heard my reason, they understood that the problem was caused by cultural differences, so they laughed and were no longer angry. In my village in China, people are proud of being old. Not so many people live to be seventy or eighty, and people who reach such an age have the most knowledge and experience. Young people always respect older people because they know they can learn from their rich experience. However, in the United States, people think “growing old” is a problem since “old” shows that a person is going to retire or that the body is not working well. Here many people try to keep themselves away from growing old by doing exercises or jogging, and women put on makeup, hoping to look young. When I told the couple in the restaurant that I respect the elderly, they got angry because this caused them to feel they had failed to stay young. I had told them something they didn’t want to hear. After that, I changed the way I had been with older people. It is not that I don’t respect them any more; I still respect them, but now I don’t show my feelings through words. 我是杰克。2010年，当我的家人从中国广东的一个小村庄搬到美国时，我们不仅带了行李，还带了村规民约、风俗习惯和文化。其中一条规则是年轻人应该永远尊重长辈。不幸的是，这条规则导致了我在美国的第一次尴尬。 我在一家中餐馆兼职做服务员。有一次，当我给一对中年夫妇端菜时，妻子问我怎么能这么快端上来。我告诉她，我已经确保他们很快得到食物，因为我一直尊重老人。我一说完，她的脸上就流露出极大的不快。我的经理碰巧听到了我的话，他把我拉到一边，对我进行了一场关于美国人是如何敏感的长篇大论。他们不喜欢“老”这个描述。然后我走回桌子前，向妻子道歉。当这对夫妇听到我的理由后，他们明白了问题是由文化差异引起的，所以他们笑了，不再生气了。 在我的中国村庄里，人们以年老为荣。没有那么多人活到七八十岁，而到了这个年纪的人拥有最多的知识和经验。年轻人总是尊重老年人，因为他们知道他们可以从丰富的经验中学习。 然而，在美国，人们认为“变老”是一个问题，因为“老”意味着一个人将要退休或身体不好。在这里，许多人试图通过锻炼或慢跑来防止自己变老，而女性则通过化妆，希望她们看起来年轻。 当我在餐厅告诉这对夫妇我尊重老人时，他们很生气，因为这让他们觉得自己没能保持年轻。我说了一些他们不想听的话。 之后，我改变了与老年人相处的方式。并不是我不再尊重他们；我仍然尊重他们，但现在我不再通过言语表达我的感情。 【长难句分析】 1. We brought not only our luggage, but also our village rules. not only but also该句式连接两个分句，它的意思是“不仅……而且……”not only位于句首时，第一个分句中的主语和谓语要部分倒装；not only but also用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，其中的also有时可以省略。 2. I told her that I had made sure they got their food quickly because I always respect the elderly. I told her that... 是一个由引导词that引导的宾语从句，that在从句中不作任何成分，通常不需翻译，当主句是一般过去时时，从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前。 3. I had told them something they didn’t want to hear. 本句时态为过去完成时，结构为“had+动词的过去分词”，表示动作发生在过去的过去。另外，关系代词that引导定语从句，修饰代表事/物的先行词，关系代词that在句子中充当主语时不可省略，但作为宾语时可以省略。 【重难词汇梳理】 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 luggage[ˈlʌɡɪdʒ]n. 行李 displeasure [dɪsˈpleʒər] n. 烦恼；生气；不悦 custom[ˈkʌstəm] n. 风俗；习俗 description [dɪˈskrɪpʃn] n. 描述；说明 embarrassment [ɪmˈbærəsmənt]n. 尴尬；难堪 apologize [əˈpɑ:lədʒaɪz] v. 道歉；谢罪 lead to 导致 be proud of 为……感到骄傲 as soon as 一……就…… retire [rɪˈtaɪər] v.（使）退休；（令）退职 【读后练习】 I. Fill in the mind map according to the passage. II. Choose the best answer. 5. Why “this rule led to my very first embarrassment in the United States”? A. Because I had a bad part-time job experience in a Chinese restaurant. B. Because the manager gave me a long lecture about the rules. C. Because I didn’t know Americans feel sensitive about the description of old when I showed my respect to them. D. Because what I said to a middle-aged couple made them angry. 6. The reason why people are proud of being old in China is that______. A. they are proud of their longevity. B. they had all knowledge and experience. C. they know that young people can learn from them. D. they are experienced and they can pass the rich experience to the young. 7. We can know from the passage that ______. A. The couple got angry about my insulting words and they didn’t forgive me any more. B. Americans don’t want to be old, which means they will leave from the work or have a worse body. C. I don’t understand why Americans felt so sensitive about their age. D. After the experience in restaurant, I don’t show my feelings through words. 8. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. The embarrassed experience as a waiter in Chinese restaurant. B. My opinion about the different cultures of “old”. C. Cultural difference of “old” between China and America. D. The reason why people don’t like others calling them old. III. Talk with your partners and write down your answers. 9.Please talk about other cultural difference between different countries. ___________________________________________________________ 答案 1. weak 2. their 3. necessary 4. experienced 5. C 6. D 7. B 8.C 9. Chinese people often eat the same dish around a large table. While Westerners eat their own food, which is both hygienic and convenient. 解析 1-4略。 5. 细节理解题。根据第一段 “One of the rules is that young people should always respect.” ， 第二段 “My manager，who happened to hear what I said，took me aside and gave me a long lecture about how sensitive （敏感的） Americans are and how they dislike the description ‘old’” 可知，我遵循的年轻人应该尊重老人的规则，使我在兼职时给顾客造成了不好的感受，这件事情让我很尴尬，故选C。 6. 细节理解题。根据文章中的描述 “people who reach such an age have the most knowledge and experience.”， “they know they can learn from their rich experience.”可知，人们以年老为荣是因为他们的知识和经验以及他们可以把这些经验传给年轻人。 7. 细节理解题。根据 “However，in the United States，people think ‘growing old’ is a problem since‘old’shows that a person is going to retire or that the body is not working well.” 可知，美国人认为老意味着他们即将面临退休或者身体不如之前的问题，选项B即为此意思。 8. 推理判断题。通过对全文内容推断可知，本文通过讲述作者在餐厅发生的一件由“老”引起的不愉快事情，从而对“老”的文化差异进行概述。故选C。 9. 略。 实战演练 Passage1 Nancy was a shy girl. She went to study in England. She got an invitation from the Smiths to their dinner party one evening. Nancy was 1 at first, but soon she began to feel worried. Before the party, Nancy put on a beautiful 2 and stayed in her room. Christine, her new friend, came in. “You look great in your dress. But why are you so nervous?” Christine asked. “I’m going to Mr. Smith’s dinner party, 3 I don’t know much about table manners,” answered Nancy. “Don’t worry, Nancy. I can 4 you some table manners now. The first thing you need to learn is to wait until all the food is on the table before you start to eat,” said Christine. On hearing her words, Nancy looked less 5 . That was easy for her. “What about the knife and fork? Is it necessary to 6 the knife and fork?” she asked. “Of course. You would have no other 7 ,” Christine said. “One more thing—never talk when your mouth is 8 . You should also chew (咀嚼) with your mouth closed.” Nancy looked relaxed. She never chewed with her mouth open. “Be careful, Nancy! Try not to burp (打嗝). It’s really important because we’re a little strict about that,” Christine 9 . Nancy thought she wouldn’t burp, so she got more relaxed. “I think it will be 10 to have dinner with the Smiths. Thank you, Christine,” said Nancy. Nancy had a good time with the Smiths that night. 1．A．happy B．hungry C．funny D．careless 2．A．sweater B．coat C．shirt D．dress 3．A．but B．because C．so D．if 4．A．guess B．borrow C．win D．teach 5．A．nervous B．direct C．shocked D．painful 6．A．raise B．find C．draw D．use 7．A．trouble B．advice C．choice D．task 8．A．open B．full C．hot D．busy 9．A．created B．planned C．wondered D．added 10．A．terrible B．strange C．great D．tiring 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．A 4．D 5．A 6．D 7．C 8．B 9．D 10．C 【导语】本文讲述害羞的Nancy受邀参加晚宴，因担心餐桌礼仪而紧张，朋友Christine耐心教导后她最终放松并享受晚宴的故事。 1．句意：南希起初很高兴，但不久她就开始担心起来。 happy高兴的；hungry饥饿的；funny有趣的；careless粗心的。根据“but soon she began to feel worried.”以及上文受邀参加晚宴的背景可知，but表示转折，后面说她开始担心，那么前面应该是起初很高兴，故选A。 2．句意：聚会前，南希穿上一件漂亮的连衣裙，待在她的房间里。 sweater毛衣；coat外套；shirt衬衫；dress连衣裙。根据“You look great in your dress.”可知，此处南希穿的是连衣裙，故选D。 3．句意：我要去参加史密斯先生的晚宴，但我对餐桌礼仪了解不多。 but但是；because因为；so所以；if如果。根据“I’m going to Mr. Smith’s dinner party, …I don’t know much about table manners”可知，前后句是转折关系，应用but连接，故选A。 4．句意：我现在可以教你一些餐桌礼仪。 guess猜测；borrow借；win赢得；teach教。根据“Don’t worry, Nancy. I can…you some table manners now.”以及后文提到的餐桌礼仪可知，此处是克里斯汀要教南希一些餐桌礼仪，故选D。 5．句意：听了她的话，南希看起来不那么紧张了。 nervous紧张的；direct直接的；shocked震惊的；painful痛苦的。根据“On hearing her words, Nancy looked less…That was easy for her.”可知，克里斯汀教了南希一些简单的餐桌礼仪，南希应该不那么紧张了，故选A。 6．句意：有必要使用刀叉吗？ raise提高；find发现；draw画；use使用。根据“What about the knife and fork? Is it necessary to…the knife and fork?”可知，此处南希是在问是否有必要使用刀叉，故选D。 7．句意：你别无选择。 trouble麻烦；advice建议；choice选择；task任务。根据“You would have no other…”以及“One more thing—never talk when your mouth is…”可知，克里斯汀在告诉南希使用刀叉是别无选择的事情，故选C。 8．句意：还有一件事——嘴里有东西的时候千万不要说话。 open开着的；full满的；hot热的；busy忙碌的。根据“never talk when your mouth is…You should also chew (咀嚼) with your mouth closed.”可知，此处是说嘴里有东西，即嘴是满的时候不要说话，故选B。 9．句意：“小心点，南希！尽量不要打嗝。这真的很重要，因为我们对这一点有点严格，”克里斯汀补充说。 created创造；planned计划；wondered想知道；added补充说。根据“…Christine said”以及“Be careful, Nancy! Try not to burp (打嗝). It’s really important because we’re a little strict about that,”可知，这是克里斯汀在给南希补充餐桌礼仪的注意事项，故选D。 10．句意：我想和史密斯一家共进晚餐会很棒的。 terrible糟糕的；strange奇怪的；great极好的；tiring累人的。根据“Nancy had a good time with the Smiths that night.”可知，南希和史密斯一家共度了美好时光，所以她认为和史密斯一家共进晚餐会很棒，故选C。 Passage2 Nancy is studying in Paris. She had some embarrassing experiences at a party last month, but her friends helped her learn more about French 1 . Now she wants to share some tips. First, you shouldn’t arrive early to a party. It’s 2 to be on time or a few minutes late. Arriving early can cause problems because the host might still be 3 everything ready. Second, it’s important to bring a gift when you visit someone. At the party, Nancy didn’t bring anything. But everyone else brought gifts like chocolates 4 flowers. She felt very embarrassed. Third, you should always try to 5 for the occasion. Nancy was wearing a simple blouse and shorts, but everyone else was dressed very nicely. She felt silly. Fourth, it’s best not to ask 6 questions unless you know the person well. French people are quite private. They don’t like it when others ask about their age, family, 7 they are married, or how much money they make. Food and culture are 8 conversation topics. Finally, Nancy advises using French whenever possible. Even a simple “merci” goes a long way and can help you develop 9 relationships with people. It’s very important in French culture. Nancy hopes these tips will help her friend Diana when she 10 France. 1．A．customs B．custom C．customer 2．A．normal B．normally C．norm 3．A．get B．getting C．got 4．A．and B．but C．or 5．A．wear B．dress C．put 6．A．personal B．person C．personality 7．A．if B．whether C．that 8．A．danger B．dangerous C．safe 9．A．close B．closer C．closest 10．A．visit B．visits C．visiting 【答案】 1．A 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．B 6．A 7．B 8．C 9．B 10．B 【导语】本文讲述南希在法国巴黎的派对上有过尴尬经历，从而总结出法国的社交习俗与礼仪，并给出相关建议。 1．句意：但她的朋友们帮她更多地了解了法国习俗。 custom表示“风俗、习俗”时常用复数形式 customs；customer意为“顾客”，与句意不符。 2．句意：准时或晚几分钟是正常的。 It’s + 形容词 + to do sth.是固定句型，此处需要形容词normal作表语。normally是副词，norm是名词，均不符合。 3．句意：因为主人可能还在准备一切。 might be后面接现在分词构成现在进行时，表示“正在准备”，故用getting。 4．句意：但其他人都带了礼物，比如巧克力或者花。 此处表示选择关系，指巧克力或花这类礼物，用or。 5．句意：你应该尽量为场合穿着得体。 dress for the occasion是固定搭配，表示“为场合穿着打扮”；wear和put后需直接跟衣物，不能直接跟for the occasion。 6．句意：最好不要问私人的问题，除非你很了解对方。 此处需要形容词修饰名词questions，personal是形容词，表示 “个人的、私人的”，符合句意。person“人”和personality“性格”是名词。 7．句意：他们不喜欢别人问他们的年龄、家庭、是否已婚或收入多少。 表示“是否”，且与or连用，只能用whether；if 表示“是否”时一般不与or直接连用。 8．句意：食物和文化是安全的话题。 根据上文私人问题不合适，可知食物和文化是安全、稳妥的话题，用形容词safe。danger是名词，dangerous是“危险的”，与句意相反。 9．句意：即使简单的一句“谢谢”也能帮你建立更亲密的关系。 此处暗含和之前相比关系变得更近，有比较含义，故用比较级closer。 10．句意：南希希望这些建议能在她朋友黛安娜访问法国时帮到她。 when引导的时间状语从句，主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来；主语“she”是第三人称单数，谓语动词用visits。 Passage3 When traveling or communicating with people from other countries, understanding cultural etiquette is essential to avoid misunderstandings and show respect. Here are some key etiquette tips from different cultures. In Japan, etiquette is highly valued in daily life. When greeting someone, people usually bow instead of shaking hands. The depth and duration of the bow depend on the relationship and situation—more formal occasions require a deeper and longer bow. It’s also polite to remove your shoes when entering someone’s home or certain traditional buildings. Additionally, pointing with your finger is considered rude; instead, you can gesture with an open hand. In India, family and religion play important roles in culture. When meeting someone for the first time, joining your hands together (known as “namaste”) and nodding slightly is a common and respectful greeting. It’s important to avoid touching people’s heads, as the head is considered the most sacred part of the body. Also, eating with your left hand is frowned upon, as the left hand is believed to be unclean. In France, people value politeness and formality in social interactions. Greeting with a handshake is common, and close friends or family members may kiss each other on the cheeks (usually twice, starting with the left cheek). It’s important to address people by their titles (such as “Monsieur” for men and “Madame” for women) unless invited to use their first names. When dining, it’s rude to start eating before the host says “bon appétit”. In Saudi Arabia, Islamic culture influences many aspects of daily life. Greetings are warm and often involve asking about the other person’s family and health. Men usually shake hands with other men, but physical contact between men and women who are not relatives is generally avoided. It’s important to dress modestly, especially for women, who should cover their shoulders and knees in public. Also, avoid eating, drinking, or smoking in public during Ramadan. By learning and respecting these cultural etiquette rules, we can build better relationships with people from different backgrounds and enjoy a more harmonious cross-cultural experience. 1．How do people usually greet each other in Japan? A．By shaking hands. B．By bowing. C．By joining hands and nodding. D．By kissing on the cheeks. 2．What is considered rude in India? A．Using “namaste” as a greeting. B．Touching someone’s head. C．Eating with the right hand. D．Asking about family. 3．How many times do close friends usually kiss each other on the cheeks in France? A．Once. B．Twice. C．Three times. D．Four times. 4．What should women do when in public in Saudi Arabia? A．Dress modestly and cover shoulders and knees. B．Shake hands with all men they meet. C．Eat and drink freely during Ramadan. D．Use first names when addressing people. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The importance of traveling abroad. B．Different family structures in different countries. C．Cultural etiquette tips from various countries. D．Religious beliefs around the world. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了日本、印度、法国和沙特阿拉伯四个国家的一些重要文化礼仪，旨在帮助读者更好地进行跨文化交流。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第2段“When greeting someone, people usually bow instead of shaking hands.”可知，在日本人们通常用鞠躬而非握手的方式打招呼。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第3段“It’s important to avoid touching people’s heads, as the head is considered the most sacred part of the body.”可知，在印度触摸别人的头部被认为是粗鲁的行为。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第4段“close friends or family members may kiss each other on the cheeks (usually twice, starting with the left cheek)”可知，在法国，亲密的朋友或家人通常在脸颊上亲吻两次。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据文章第5段“It’s important to dress modestly, especially for women, who should cover their shoulders and knees in public.”可知，在沙特阿拉伯，女性在公共场合应着装端庄，遮盖肩膀和膝盖。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。文章首句提出主题“understanding cultural etiquette is essential”，后文分述日本、印度、法国、沙特阿拉伯的礼仪规范，结尾再次强调学习这些礼仪的重要性，全文核心为多国文化礼仪建议。故选C。 Passage4 The meaning of shaking the head is not always the same in different countries. For example,in China,when people shake their heads,they mean “No”. But in India, it is different. Maybe some visitors in India will be surprised to find that an Indian often shakes his head. The visitors might think that the Indian doesn’t like what they say. But in fact,the Indian is saying “Yes” by shaking his head.If someone wants to visit India, he should know this, or it will bring him some trouble. One day, a foreign officer went to India on business. He hired (雇用) an Indian driver, and gave the driver some money to drive a car. When he told his driver to send him to his office, the Indian shook his head at once. The officer said again and the driver shook his head again. At last, the officer got angry. “How can you refuse me?” he shouted. “Take me to my office now!” The driver answered in a quite loud voice, “Yes, sir!” But surprisingly, the driver shook his head at the same time. The car started, and the foreign officer was too surprised to say a word. He thought about it for a long time, and then he nodded with a smile, “Shaking heads means ‘Yes’ here!” So next time when you come to India, think twice before you shake your head. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By giving an example. C．By asking a question. D．By giving some numbers. 2．Why was the foreign officer surprised? A．The driver could not understand him. B．The driver refused to send him to the office. C．The driver shook his head when he said“Yes”. D．The driver drove him to another place. 3．What’s the best title for this passage? A．A Driver Shouldn’t Shake His Head B．Shaking Heads Will Make Others Angry C．Don’t Shake Your Head in India D．Shaking Heads May Have Different Meanings 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，通过对比中国与印度 “摇头” 的不同含义，结合外国官员在印度的经历，介绍了不同国家的文化差异。 1．细节理解题。根据文章开头 “The meaning of shaking the head is not always the same in different countries. For example, in China...” 可知，作者通过举例的方式开篇。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段 “The driver answered in a quite loud voice, ‘Yes, sir!’ But surprisingly, the driver shook his head at the same time.” 可知，官员惊讶的原因是司机一边说 “是” 一边摇头。故选C。 3．最佳标题题。文章核心是说明 “摇头” 在不同国家有不同含义，因此最佳标题是 “Shaking Heads May Have Different Meanings”。故选D。 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $