Unit 3 Discovering Useful Structures（导学案）（含思维提升训练）英语人教版必修第三册

人教版必修第三册Unit 3 Diverse Cultures Discovering Useful Structures（导学案） 1.掌握Unit 3 Discovering Useful Structures部分的重点单词和短语； √单词： financial poisonous fold recommend √短语： leave out 2.通过结构化训练掌握核心句式--省略。 3.能够运用本节课所学知识，在真实情境中关心他人的身心健康，运用恰当的语言表达同理心并给出科学建议。 1、 基础词汇记忆 1.________________ /faɪ'nænʃl/ adj. 财政的；财务的；金融的 2.________________ /ˈpəʊətri/ n. 诗集；诗歌；诗作 3.________________ /dʒi:nz/ n. 牛仔裤 4.________________ /bu:t/ n. 靴子 5.________________ /ˈmʌʃrʊm/ n. 蘑菇 6.________________ /ˈpɔɪzn/ n. 毒物；毒药；v. 毒死；毒害 7.________________ /ˈpɔɪzənəs/ adj. 引起中毒的；有毒的 8.________________ /fəʊld/ vt. 包；裹；折叠；(可)折小 9.________________ /ˈsuːpə(r)/ adv. 特别；adj. 顶好的；超级的 二、词块记忆 1.遗漏，省去；忽视，冷落 ___________ 2.结账离开 ___________ 3.多元文化的融合 ___________ 4. 解决财务问题 ___________ Part 1 重点词汇讲解 【知识梳理1】financial adj. 财政的；财务的；金融的 【词性转换】finance n. 金融；财政；财务 【常用搭配】 financial services 金融服务 financial affairs 财务 financial difficulties/problems/crisis 财务困难/问题/危机 【即学即练】 1.However, these plans were abandoned because of (财政问题). 2.Governments could relieve their (财政压力). 【知识梳理2】poisonous adj. 引起中毒的；有毒的；分泌毒素的 【词性转换】poison n. 毒物；毒药；毒素 vt. 毒死；毒害；使恶化 【常用搭配】 poisonous chemicals/plants 有毒的化学品/植物 poisonous snakes 毒蛇 One man’s meat is another man’s poison. （谚）兴趣爱好因人而异 / 一人手中宝，他人脚下草。 【即学即练】If she had been aware that the mushrooms were (poison), she would not have picked them for dinner. 【知识梳理3】fold vt.包;裹;折叠 vt. & vi. (可)折小;(可)叠平 【词性转换】unfold vt. 展开 folding adj. 可折叠的 【常用搭配】 fold up 折叠起来 fold your arms 双臂交叉在胸前 fold sb. in your arms 拥抱某人,搂住某人 【即学即练】 1.He folded his umbrella as he entered the room. 2.As the mist cleared, a most beautiful view (fold) before their eyes. 3.He had a neatly (fold) handkerchief in his jacket pocket. 【知识梳理4】recommend vt.推荐;介绍;建议 【词性转换】recommendation n. 推荐；建议 【常用搭配】 recommend sb. for/as sth. 推荐某人担当…… recommend sth. to sb. 向某人推荐某物 recommend sth. for sth. 推荐某物用于某种用途 recommend sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 recommend doing sth. 建议做某事 recommend that... (should) do sth. 建议……做某事(虚拟语气) It's recommended that... (should) do sth. 有人建议……做某事。 【即学即练】 1.I recommended (buy) an English. Chinese dictionary, which I thought would be of great help to your studies. 2.I bought the book Gone with the Wind from the bookstore yesterday, which my teacher recommended me. 3.I recommend you (follow) your friend's advice. 4.He recommended that I (buy) a new photo album. 【知识梳理5】leave out 遗漏，省去；忽视，冷落 【常用搭配】 leave for 动身去 leave alone 不管；不打扰 leave aside 搁置一边，不予考虑 leave behind 忘记带走；留下；丢弃 leave off 停止，中断 【即学即练】 1.I noticed some key words _______( leave) out accidentally by him.  2.Today, we will begin where we stopped yesterday so that no point will________ (leave) out.  Part 2 重点语法讲解 【知识梳理1】状语从句中的省略 【例句体验】 When (she was) very young, she began to learn to play the violin. He will come if (he is) asked. If (it is) necessary, ring me at two o'clock. She has finished the work earlier than (it has been) expected. 【规则总结】 在状语从句（时间、条件、让步、方式等）中，为了使语言更加简洁： 如果从句主语和主句主语 1. ____________，或从句主语是 2. ____________，且从句谓语含有动词 3. ____________，那么从句中的主语和该动词往往可以一起省略。 if类常见的省略结构： if so 如果是这样的话 if not 如果不是这样;否则 if necessary 如果有必要 if possible 如果可能的话 if any 如果有的话 if ever如果曾经有的话 【即学即练】 改写句子 1.She talked as if she was absent-minded. → She talked as if ________________________. 2.Even if I am invited to, I won't go to such a bad lecture. → Even if ________________________, I won't go to such a bad lecture. 3.Come along with me if ________________________ (有可能的话). 【知识梳理2】动词不定式符号to的省略 【例句体验】 A组 (省 to)： We had better get the task accomplished. / Why not turn it into a game? B组 (实义动词do + but/except 省 to)： My mother could do nothing but wait for the doctor. / What do you like to do except swim? C组 (使役/感官动词 主被动对比)： The manager made the workers work day and night. (主动) The workers were made to work day and night. (被动) D组 (省动词留 to)： Mike lied to us but he didn't want to. / —Will you go for a walk? —I'm glad to. 【规则总结】 在 had better, would rather, why (not) 等结构后面，不定式符号 to 要 4. ____________。 不定式作介词 but, except 的宾语时，若介词前有实义动词 do，后面的 to 通常 5. ____________；若无 do，则保留 to。(口诀：有do无to，无do有to) 感官/使役动词（如 make, see, hear）后作宾语补足语时 to 要省略，但在 被动语态 中作主语补足语时，to 必须 6. ____________。 当不定式在 want, wish, hope, allow 等词后，或在 happy, glad 等形容词后时，为了避免重复，常保留不定式符号 7. ____________，而省略后面的动词。 【即学即练 】 用所给动词的适当形式填空，或填入适当的词。 1.The boss made them ____________ (work) for 12 hours a day, so they were made ____________ (work) from dawn to dark. 2.I have no choice but ____________ (accept) the unfair rules. 3.She wants to come but her parents won't allow her ____________. 【知识梳理3】词法与句法中的常见省略 【规则梳理】 请根据提示填空完成规则。 冠词的省略： 用 and 连接两个并列名词前有相同冠词时，第二个名词前的冠词常常 8. ____________。 (如：Both the old and young...) 在 as/though 引导的让步状语从句的倒装结构中，当句首是名词时，9. ____________ (省略/保留) 冠词。 (如：Child as he is, he knows a lot...) 表示独一无二的头衔、职位等名词作表语或补足语时，常省略冠词。 (如：She was appointed director...) 介词的省略： spend/waste time, have trouble/difficulty/fun 后接 doing sth. 时，常省略介词 10. ____________。 在表示年龄、大小、颜色等名词连用时，常省略 of。 (如：shoes (of) the same size) 连词的省略： 引导宾语从句的 that 常可省略，但并列的两个宾语从句中，11. ____________ (第一个/第二个) 引导词 that 不可省略。 句法的省略： 祈使句中常省略主语 12. ____________。 (如：Take off your muddy shoes...) 口语交际中，常保留核心信息。 (如：—What do you get? —A dictionary.) 1、 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.We supported each other (financial) and by showing up at events. 2.If she had been aware that the mushrooms were (poison), she would not have picked them for dinner. 3.Body language can give away a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms (fold) can send out a signal that you are being defensive. 4.Nature seems to (fold) to people who watch and wait. 5.Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom's Cabin while (cook). 6.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers (type) the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. 7.The microorganisms from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours (clean) them up each week. 8.“I just want to see the ticket (go) to good use and for someone to experience a lot of joy,” said Axani. 9.Sure,I could have asked her, but something prevented me doing so. 10.If the steps you take are working, keep it up. not, take another look at other methods you could try. 11.It's too noisy to read in the railway station. I would usually look around the shops while (wait) for the train. 2、 完成句子 1．We should help those who are in great need ____________________ (必要的话). 2． ________________, (按照计划) the thorough clean-up activity is to take place on Friday. 3．How can I listen carefully while________(记笔记)? 4．Children,_______（当有父母陪伴时）, are allowed to enter the stadium. 5．In my opinion, ________________ (当陷入困境时) , we should seek help from those we trust mostly. 6．Shanghai is one of the biggest port cities in the world. This formerly large metropolis in Far East_______________(已发展成为中国重要的金融和文化中心). 7．I’m sorry. ________ (诗歌大赛申请的截止日期) is May 27th. You have missed it. 8．The famous poet began to ________ ________ (创作诗歌) at the age of 10. 9．Losing games taught him to practise harder and never ______ _______(不放弃). 10．Three people were killed and four ________ (受伤) in that terrible traffic accident. 3、 语法填空 Chinese are the first people to have tea. One thousand and two hundred years ago, Lu Yu wrote a book 1 (call) The Classic of Tea. The book gives a detailed 2 (explain) of the origin, the processing skills and the classification of tea. However, Chinese tea culture goes far beyond tea 3 (it). Take green tea for instance, and the ideal temperature of the water should be around 80℃. If the water is too hot, nutrients (营养) in the tea will 4 (destroy) . On the other hand, if the water is not hot enough, the tea 5 (leaf) won’t open and you will miss the pleasantly fresh flavor. So Chinese people are used 6 drinking hot tea. When you visit a Chinese friend, your friend will 7 (constant) add hot water to your empty teacup. It is polite 8 (offer) the teacup to guests with both hands. Of course, the guests should pay respect as well, 9 (take) the teacup with both hands. Talking about adding water to the teacup, there is 10 saying: Wine full, full cup. Tea half, half cup. For wine, the full cup symbolizes whole heartiness. For tea, the half cup means modesty. 1、 阅读理解 A The Adler Planetarium Chicago is home to more than 35,000 square feet of exhibits. From huge models of the Solar System, to ancient astronomical instruments, to interactive adventures, Adler’s exhibit galleries provide a passageway for you to explore the universe. The Adler also offers mini science exploration activities that are quick 10-minute lessons. Visitors can learn some interesting astronomical facts at these small activity carts. The Adler Planetarium Chicago is the only museum in the world with two full-size planetarium theaters. Since 1930, the wonder of the stars has been visible in the historic Sky Theater. Powered by brand new Digistar 3TM technology, the StarRider Theater is a completely digital, virtual (虚拟的) outer space environment. The famous Zeiss Planetarium projector is able to accurately reproduce the movement of every aspect of the night sky. Do’s and Don’ts: Do Take the Bus/Train: leave the car at home for this museum trip. The Adler is located within close proximity to public transit. Don’t Miss the Doane Observatory: when weather permits, the Doane is open at the Adler for observing with its 20-inch diameter telescope. Don’t Miss Museum Special Events: the Adler offers a summer camp for kids from mid-June to August. Ticket Price: Adult: $28; child: $22. Book online now to save 37%. Regular Schedule: Mon. — Fri. 10 a.m. — 4 p.m. Sat. — Sun. 10 a.m. — 4:30 p.m. Summer Hours: 9:30 a.m. — 6  p.m. daily Nearest Transit: Roosevelt Metro Station Address: 1300 S Lake Shore Dr, Chicago IL 60605 1．What’s the main function of the Adler Planetarium Chicago? A．Displaying the models of the Solar System. B．Selling ancient astronomical instruments. C．Offering a passageway to explore the universe. D．Giving 10-minute lessons to visitors. 2．What can visitors learn in the StarRider Theater? A．The history of the Adler Planetarium Chicago. B．The wonder of the interactive adventures. C．The complicated Digistar 3TM technology. D．The movement of the stars in the night sky. 3．How much will a couple and two kids at least spend to visit the Adler? A．$37. B．$63. C．$72. D．$100. B What’s your opinion on spicy food? Some people cannot handle even the smallest amount of chili peppers in their dinner while others can’t get enough of them. Scientists have long been puzzled by why some people love the chili while others loathe it. Plenty of research has been done on the subject, dating as far back as the 1970s. Previous results showed that a love of chilies is related to childhood experiences, and that cultural influences affect our taste too. But the latest study has found that a person’s love of spicy food may be linked to his or her personality (性格) more than anything else, CBC News reported. “We have always assumed that liking drives intake — we eat what we like and we like what we eat. But no one has actually directly bothered to connect personality with intake of chili peppers,” said Professor John E. Hayes from Pennsylvania State University, who led the study. But before you look at the study, you should first know that “spicy” is not a taste, unlike sour, sweet, bitter and salty taste. It is, in fact, a burning feeling that you feel on the surface of your tongue. This got scientists thinking that maybe a love of spicy food is brought about by people’s longing for thrill, something they usually get from watching action movies or riding a roller coaster. In the study, 97 participants, both male and female, were asked to fill out questionnaires about their personality, for example, whether they like new experiences or tend to avoid risks. They were then given a glass of water with capsaicin (辣椒素), the plant chemical that makes a chili burn, mixed into it. By comparing the answers to the questionnaire and what participants said they felt about the spicy water, researchers found that those who tended to enjoy action movies or take risks were about six times more likely to enjoy the spicy water. Interestingly, we used to believe that the reason why some people can withstand (耐受) spicy food is that their tongues have become less sensitive to it. However, this latest study has found otherwise. “It’s not that it doesn’t burn as badly, but that you actually learn to like the burning feeling,” Hayes explained. 4．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “loathe” in the second paragraph? A．Dislike. B．Fear. C．Put up with. D．Adapt to. 5．What did Professor John E. Hayes and his team discover from their study? A．What we eat actually helps to develop our personality. B．Males are more likely to enjoy spicy food than females. C．Those trying to avoid risks tend to be less interested in spicy food. D．People are wrong to treat " spicy" as a kind of taste rather than a feeling. 6．Why do some people like spicy food according to the recent study? A．Because their taste has become less sensitive. B．Because they love the burning feeling. C．Because they want to challenge themselves. D．Because the more they try spicy food, the less it burns. 7．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．What one likes to eat mainly depends on one’s personality. B．Whether one enjoys spicy food depends largely on one’s personality. C．One’s personal experiences have nothing to do with their taste. D．Different people have different taste. 七选五 In moving to another country it is not uncommon to experience culture shock. As a Chinese person in Britain, I am no different. Basically, there are five stages of culture shock. Stage one can be called the Tourist stage". If you travel a lot, you'll agree with me. Everything in a new place is very exciting to a tourist. 8 After all, tourists don't usually stay too long in one place. The second stage is the "shock stage”. 9 I am new in the country. Will someone cheat or rob me? I don't know anybody here and I miss home. Luckily, my "shock period" was quite short. I had so many things to do every day, so I didn't have time to get depressed. 10 You learn to deal with the difficulties and stop complaining. This period can be slow and if you fail, you have to go back to the shock stage. I am very lucky. I have a roommate who has lived here for several years. Every time I talk to her, I feel better. 11 We feel more comfortable and can adapt to the new culture. I think this will take a long time because I don't see any trace of it in me. The last stage is called the re-entry shock stage". This is the shock you feel when returning home. Everybody is happy to see you again, but you've changed. 12 A．Your own culture may feel foreign. B．Then comes the stage of acceptance. C．In the next stage, you begin to adjust. D．Problems and anxiety appear at this time. E．You start to identify with the new culture. F．This stage can last for months or just a couple of days. G．Find the courage to move forward during this difficult stage. 2、 思维提升-观点分享 在本单元中，我们讨论了饮食与压力。除了喝咖啡和购物，教材中提到去贵州感受文化多样性（Cultural Diversity）也是一种放松方式。请结合这些内容分享你的观点。 【任务要求】 谈谈你认为中学生保持身心健康最有效的方式。 必须使用：现在分词短语作独立成分（如：Generally speaking, Judging from...） 必须使用：动词不定式作主语（如：To travel... is / It is essential for us to...） 3、 思维提升-书面表达 你的英国交换生好友 Tom 最近正在为选修课论文熬夜，为了节省时间，他经常不吃早餐 (skip breakfast)，甚至靠过量喝咖啡来提神。这不仅干扰 (disturb) 了他的睡眠，还让他感到焦虑。 ▶ A层作业（基础篇）：语境应用与微写作 任务要求： 请根据括号内的汉语提示，补全这封给 Tom 的建议信，重点训练核心词汇与句型。 Dear Tom, I’m sorry to hear that you feel stressed lately. 1. __________________ (坦白地说), your lifestyle of staying up late is worrying. 2. __________________ (养成规律的睡眠习惯是必要的) for your health. As we learned in this unit, a healthy mind 3. __________________ (由……组成) a positive attitude and a variety of interests. Why not try traveling to relax? 4. __________________ (如果可能的话), you could visit Guizhou to experience its unique culture. Don’t 5. __________________ (跳过早餐) anymore, as it will 6. __________________ (打扰) your focus in class. Please 7. __________________ (下定决心) to change now! Yours, Li Hua ▶ B层作业（提升篇）：情景交际与综合表达 任务要求： 请根据上述背景，给 Tom 写一封 100 词左右的建议信。 培优要求： 词汇： 包含 skip, disturb, be composed of, recommend, cultural diversity 等。 语法 1： 包含“现在分词作独立成分”和“动词不定式作主语”。 语法 2（培优挑战）： 尝试使用省略句 (Ellipsis)。例如：在建议时使用 If (it is) possible... 或在对比时使用 Some like coffee, but others don't (like coffee). 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 人教版必修第三册Unit 3 Diverse Cultures Discovering Useful Structures（导学案） 1.掌握Unit 3 Discovering Useful Structures部分的重点单词和短语； √单词： financial poisonous fold recommend √短语： leave out 2.通过结构化训练掌握核心句式--省略。 3.能够运用本节课所学知识，在真实情境中关心他人的身心健康，运用恰当的语言表达同理心并给出科学建议。 1、 基础词汇记忆 1.________________ /faɪ'nænʃl/ adj. 财政的；财务的；金融的 2.________________ /ˈpəʊətri/ n. 诗集；诗歌；诗作 3.________________ /dʒi:nz/ n. 牛仔裤 4.________________ /bu:t/ n. 靴子 5.________________ /ˈmʌʃrʊm/ n. 蘑菇 6.________________ /ˈpɔɪzn/ n. 毒物；毒药；v. 毒死；毒害 7.________________ /ˈpɔɪzənəs/ adj. 引起中毒的；有毒的 8.________________ /fəʊld/ vt. 包；裹；折叠；(可)折小 9.________________ /ˈsuːpə(r)/ adv. 特别；adj. 顶好的；超级的 【答案】 1.financial 2. poetry 3. jeans 4. boot 5. mushroom 6. poison 7. poisonous 8. fold 9. super 二、词块记忆 1.遗漏，省去；忽视，冷落 ___________ 2.结账离开 ___________ 3.多元文化的融合 ___________ 4. 解决财务问题 ___________ 【答案】 1.leave out 2. check out 3.a real mix of cultures 4. solve financial problems Part 1 重点词汇讲解 【知识梳理1】financial adj. 财政的；财务的；金融的 【词性转换】 finance n. 金融；财政；财务 【常用搭配】 financial services 金融服务 financial affairs 财务 financial difficulties/problems/crisis 财务困难/问题/危机 【即学即练】 1.However, these plans were abandoned because of (财政问题). 2.Governments could relieve their (财政压力). 【答案】1.financial problems. 2. financial pressure 【知识梳理2】poisonous adj. 引起中毒的；有毒的；分泌毒素的 【词性转换】 poison n. 毒物；毒药；毒素 vt. 毒死；毒害；使恶化 【常用搭配】 poisonous chemicals/plants 有毒的化学品/植物 poisonous snakes 毒蛇 One man’s meat is another man’s poison. （谚）兴趣爱好因人而异 / 一人手中宝，他人脚下草。 【即学即练】 If she had been aware that the mushrooms were (poison), she would not have picked them for dinner. 【答案】poisonous 【知识梳理3】fold vt.包;裹;折叠 vt. & vi. (可)折小;(可)叠平 【词性转换】 unfold vt. 展开 folding adj. 可折叠的 【常用搭配】 fold up 折叠起来 fold your arms 双臂交叉在胸前 fold sb. in your arms 拥抱某人,搂住某人 【即学即练】 1.He folded his umbrella as he entered the room. 2.As the mist cleared, a most beautiful view (fold) before their eyes. 3.He had a neatly (fold) handkerchief in his jacket pocket. 【答案】1.up 2.unfolded 3.folded 【知识梳理4】recommend vt.推荐;介绍;建议 【词性转换】 recommendation n. 推荐；建议 【常用搭配】 recommend sb. for/as sth. 推荐某人担当…… recommend sth. to sb. 向某人推荐某物 recommend sth. for sth. 推荐某物用于某种用途 recommend sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 recommend doing sth. 建议做某事 recommend that... (should) do sth. 建议……做某事(虚拟语气) It's recommended that... (should) do sth. 有人建议……做某事。 【即学即练】 1.I recommended (buy) an English. Chinese dictionary, which I thought would be of great help to your studies. 2.I bought the book Gone with the Wind from the bookstore yesterday, which my teacher recommended me. 3.I recommend you (follow) your friend's advice. 4.He recommended that I (buy) a new photo album. 【答案】1.buying 2.to 3.to follow 4.(should) buy 【知识梳理5】leave out 遗漏，省去；忽视，冷落 【常用搭配】 leave for 动身去 leave alone 不管；不打扰 leave aside 搁置一边，不予考虑 leave behind 忘记带走；留下；丢弃 leave off 停止，中断 【即学即练】 1.I noticed some key words _______( leave) out accidentally by him.  2.Today, we will begin where we stopped yesterday so that no point will________ (leave) out.  【答案】1.left 2.be left Part 2 重点语法讲解 【知识梳理1】状语从句中的省略 【例句体验】 When (she was) very young, she began to learn to play the violin. He will come if (he is) asked. If (it is) necessary, ring me at two o'clock. She has finished the work earlier than (it has been) expected. 【规则总结】 在状语从句（时间、条件、让步、方式等）中，为了使语言更加简洁： 如果从句主语和主句主语 1. ____________，或从句主语是 2. ____________，且从句谓语含有动词 3. ____________，那么从句中的主语和该动词往往可以一起省略。 if类常见的省略结构： if so 如果是这样的话 if not 如果不是这样;否则 if necessary 如果有必要 if possible 如果可能的话 if any 如果有的话 if ever如果曾经有的话 【即学即练】 改写句子 1.She talked as if she was absent-minded. → She talked as if ________________________. 2.Even if I am invited to, I won't go to such a bad lecture. → Even if ________________________, I won't go to such a bad lecture. 3.Come along with me if ________________________ (有可能的话). 【答案】 【规则总结】1.一致　　2. it　　3. be 【即学即练】1. absent-minded　2. invited to　3. possible 【知识梳理2】动词不定式符号to的省略 【例句体验】 A组 (省 to)： We had better get the task accomplished. / Why not turn it into a game? B组 (实义动词do + but/except 省 to)： My mother could do nothing but wait for the doctor. / What do you like to do except swim? C组 (使役/感官动词 主被动对比)： The manager made the workers work day and night. (主动) The workers were made to work day and night. (被动) D组 (省动词留 to)： Mike lied to us but he didn't want to. / —Will you go for a walk? —I'm glad to. 【规则总结】 在 had better, would rather, why (not) 等结构后面，不定式符号 to 要 4. ____________。 不定式作介词 but, except 的宾语时，若介词前有实义动词 do，后面的 to 通常 5. ____________；若无 do，则保留 to。(口诀：有do无to，无do有to) 感官/使役动词（如 make, see, hear）后作宾语补足语时 to 要省略，但在 被动语态 中作主语补足语时，to 必须 6. ____________。 当不定式在 want, wish, hope, allow 等词后，或在 happy, glad 等形容词后时，为了避免重复，常保留不定式符号 7. ____________，而省略后面的动词。 【即学即练】用所给动词的适当形式填空，或填入适当的词。 1.The boss made them ____________ (work) for 12 hours a day, so they were made ____________ (work) from dawn to dark. 2.I have no choice but ____________ (accept) the unfair rules. 3.She wants to come but her parents won't allow her ____________. 【答案】 【规则总结】4.省略　　5. 省略　　6. 保留　　7. to 【即学即练】1. work; to work　2. to accept 　3. to 【知识梳理3】词法与句法中的常见省略 【规则梳理】 请根据提示填空完成规则。 冠词的省略： 用 and 连接两个并列名词前有相同冠词时，第二个名词前的冠词常常 8. ____________。 (如：Both the old and young...) 在 as/though 引导的让步状语从句的倒装结构中，当句首是名词时，9. ____________ (省略/保留) 冠词。 (如：Child as he is, he knows a lot...) 表示独一无二的头衔、职位等名词作表语或补足语时，常省略冠词。 (如：She was appointed director...) 介词的省略： spend/waste time, have trouble/difficulty/fun 后接 doing sth. 时，常省略介词 10. ____________。 在表示年龄、大小、颜色等名词连用时，常省略 of。 (如：shoes (of) the same size) 连词的省略： 引导宾语从句的 that 常可省略，但并列的两个宾语从句中，11. ____________ (第一个/第二个) 引导词 that 不可省略。 句法的省略： 祈使句中常省略主语 12. ____________。 (如：Take off your muddy shoes...) 口语交际中，常保留核心信息。 (如：—What do you get? —A dictionary.) 【答案】 8. 省略　　9. 省略　　10. in　　11. 第二个　　12. you 1、 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.We supported each other (financial) and by showing up at events. 2.If she had been aware that the mushrooms were (poison), she would not have picked them for dinner. 3.Body language can give away a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms (fold) can send out a signal that you are being defensive. 4.Nature seems to (fold) to people who watch and wait. 5.Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom's Cabin while (cook). 6.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers (type) the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. 7.The microorganisms from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours (clean) them up each week. 8.“I just want to see the ticket (go) to good use and for someone to experience a lot of joy,” said Axani. 9.Sure,I could have asked her, but something prevented me doing so. 10.If the steps you take are working, keep it up. not, take another look at other methods you could try. 11.It's too noisy to read in the railway station. I would usually look around the shops while (wait) for the train. 【答案】 1. financially 2.poisonous 3.folded 4.unfold 5.cooking 6.type 7.cleaning 8.go 9.from 10.If 11.waiting 2、 完成句子 1．We should help those who are in great need ____________________ (必要的话). 2． ________________, (按照计划) the thorough clean-up activity is to take place on Friday. 3．How can I listen carefully while________(记笔记)? 4．Children,_______（当有父母陪伴时）, are allowed to enter the stadium. 5．In my opinion, ________________ (当陷入困境时) , we should seek help from those we trust mostly. 6．Shanghai is one of the biggest port cities in the world. This formerly large metropolis in Far East_______________(已发展成为中国重要的金融和文化中心). 7．I’m sorry. ________ (诗歌大赛申请的截止日期) is May 27th. You have missed it. 8．The famous poet began to ________ ________ (创作诗歌) at the age of 10. 9．Losing games taught him to practise harder and never ______ _______(不放弃). 10．Three people were killed and four ________ (受伤) in that terrible traffic accident. 【答案】 1．if necessary 2．As scheduled/As planned/ As arranged 3．taking notes 4．when accompanied by their parents 5．when in trouble 6．has developed into an important centre of finance and culture/financial and cultural centre in China 7．The deadline for applications of the poetry contest 8．compose poetry 9．give up 10．injured 3、 语法填空 Chinese are the first people to have tea. One thousand and two hundred years ago, Lu Yu wrote a book 1 (call) The Classic of Tea. The book gives a detailed 2 (explain) of the origin, the processing skills and the classification of tea. However, Chinese tea culture goes far beyond tea 3 (it). Take green tea for instance, and the ideal temperature of the water should be around 80℃. If the water is too hot, nutrients (营养) in the tea will 4 (destroy) . On the other hand, if the water is not hot enough, the tea 5 (leaf) won’t open and you will miss the pleasantly fresh flavor. So Chinese people are used 6 drinking hot tea. When you visit a Chinese friend, your friend will 7 (constant) add hot water to your empty teacup. It is polite 8 (offer) the teacup to guests with both hands. Of course, the guests should pay respect as well, 9 (take) the teacup with both hands. Talking about adding water to the teacup, there is 10 saying: Wine full, full cup. Tea half, half cup. For wine, the full cup symbolizes whole heartiness. For tea, the half cup means modesty. 【答案】 1．called 2．explanation 3．itself 4．be destroyed 5．leaves 6．to 7．constantly 8．to offer 9．taking 10．a 1、 阅读理解 A The Adler Planetarium Chicago is home to more than 35,000 square feet of exhibits. From huge models of the Solar System, to ancient astronomical instruments, to interactive adventures, Adler’s exhibit galleries provide a passageway for you to explore the universe. The Adler also offers mini science exploration activities that are quick 10-minute lessons. Visitors can learn some interesting astronomical facts at these small activity carts. The Adler Planetarium Chicago is the only museum in the world with two full-size planetarium theaters. Since 1930, the wonder of the stars has been visible in the historic Sky Theater. Powered by brand new Digistar 3TM technology, the StarRider Theater is a completely digital, virtual (虚拟的) outer space environment. The famous Zeiss Planetarium projector is able to accurately reproduce the movement of every aspect of the night sky. Do’s and Don’ts: Do Take the Bus/Train: leave the car at home for this museum trip. The Adler is located within close proximity to public transit. Don’t Miss the Doane Observatory: when weather permits, the Doane is open at the Adler for observing with its 20-inch diameter telescope. Don’t Miss Museum Special Events: the Adler offers a summer camp for kids from mid-June to August. Ticket Price: Adult: $28; child: $22. Book online now to save 37%. Regular Schedule: Mon. — Fri. 10 a.m. — 4 p.m. Sat. — Sun. 10 a.m. — 4:30 p.m. Summer Hours: 9:30 a.m. — 6  p.m. daily Nearest Transit: Roosevelt Metro Station Address: 1300 S Lake Shore Dr, Chicago IL 60605 1．What’s the main function of the Adler Planetarium Chicago? A．Displaying the models of the Solar System. B．Selling ancient astronomical instruments. C．Offering a passageway to explore the universe. D．Giving 10-minute lessons to visitors. 2．What can visitors learn in the StarRider Theater? A．The history of the Adler Planetarium Chicago. B．The wonder of the interactive adventures. C．The complicated Digistar 3TM technology. D．The movement of the stars in the night sky. 3．How much will a couple and two kids at least spend to visit the Adler? A．$37. B．$63. C．$72. D．$100. 【答案】 1．C 2．D 3．B 【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了芝加哥阿德勒天文馆的相关信息，包括其展品功能、天文馆剧院特色、参观须知、票价、开放时间、最近交通站点和地址等。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“From huge models of the Solar System, to ancient astronomical instruments, to interactive adventures, Adler’s exhibit galleries provide a passageway for you to explore the universe. (从巨大的太阳系模型，到古老的天文仪器，再到互动冒险，阿德勒的展厅为你提供了一个探索宇宙的通道。)”可知，芝加哥阿德勒天文馆的主要功能是提供一个探索宇宙的通道。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Powered by brand new Digistar 3TM technology, the StarRider Theater is a completely digital, virtual (虚拟的) outer space environment. The famous Zeiss Planetarium projector is able to accurately reproduce the movement of every aspect of the night sky. (星骑剧场搭载了全新的Digistar 3TM技术，呈现出一个全数字化的虚拟太空环境。著名的蔡司天文馆投影仪能够精准再现夜空的全方位运行轨迹。)”可知，游客在StarRider剧院可以了解到夜空中星星的运动。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章“Adult: $28; child: $22. Book online now to save 37% (票价：成人：28美元；儿童：22美元。现在在线预订可节省37%)”可知，一对夫妇和两个孩子正常买票需要花费：(28 + 22) x 2 = 100，在线预订可节省37美元，那么至少花费：100 - 37=63美元。故选B项。 B What’s your opinion on spicy food? Some people cannot handle even the smallest amount of chili peppers in their dinner while others can’t get enough of them. Scientists have long been puzzled by why some people love the chili while others loathe it. Plenty of research has been done on the subject, dating as far back as the 1970s. Previous results showed that a love of chilies is related to childhood experiences, and that cultural influences affect our taste too. But the latest study has found that a person’s love of spicy food may be linked to his or her personality (性格) more than anything else, CBC News reported. “We have always assumed that liking drives intake — we eat what we like and we like what we eat. But no one has actually directly bothered to connect personality with intake of chili peppers,” said Professor John E. Hayes from Pennsylvania State University, who led the study. But before you look at the study, you should first know that “spicy” is not a taste, unlike sour, sweet, bitter and salty taste. It is, in fact, a burning feeling that you feel on the surface of your tongue. This got scientists thinking that maybe a love of spicy food is brought about by people’s longing for thrill, something they usually get from watching action movies or riding a roller coaster. In the study, 97 participants, both male and female, were asked to fill out questionnaires about their personality, for example, whether they like new experiences or tend to avoid risks. They were then given a glass of water with capsaicin (辣椒素), the plant chemical that makes a chili burn, mixed into it. By comparing the answers to the questionnaire and what participants said they felt about the spicy water, researchers found that those who tended to enjoy action movies or take risks were about six times more likely to enjoy the spicy water. Interestingly, we used to believe that the reason why some people can withstand (耐受) spicy food is that their tongues have become less sensitive to it. However, this latest study has found otherwise. “It’s not that it doesn’t burn as badly, but that you actually learn to like the burning feeling,” Hayes explained. 4．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “loathe” in the second paragraph? A．Dislike. B．Fear. C．Put up with. D．Adapt to. 5．What did Professor John E. Hayes and his team discover from their study? A．What we eat actually helps to develop our personality. B．Males are more likely to enjoy spicy food than females. C．Those trying to avoid risks tend to be less interested in spicy food. D．People are wrong to treat " spicy" as a kind of taste rather than a feeling. 6．Why do some people like spicy food according to the recent study? A．Because their taste has become less sensitive. B．Because they love the burning feeling. C．Because they want to challenge themselves. D．Because the more they try spicy food, the less it burns. 7．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．What one likes to eat mainly depends on one’s personality. B．Whether one enjoys spicy food depends largely on one’s personality. C．One’s personal experiences have nothing to do with their taste. D．Different people have different taste. 【答案】 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．B 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。研究说明人们喜欢吃辣味的食物跟一个人的性格有关。 4．考查词义猜测。根据第二段第一句“ Scientists have long been puzzled by why some people love the chili while others loathe it”中的while意为“而，然而”，表示对比，故loathe应该与love意思相对。A项Dislike意为“不喜欢”，符合语境。 故选A项。 5．考查推理判断。根据第四段中最后一句“ This got scientists thinking that maybe a love of spicy food is brought about by people’s longing for thrill, something they usually get from watching action movies or riding roller coaster”以及倒数第二段中的 “ those who tended to enjoy action movies or take risks were about six times more likely to enjoy the spicy water”可知，研究发现那些倾向于看动作片和冒险的人可能会更喜欢辣味的食物。故C项正确。 6．考查细节理解。根据文章最后一段第一句“Interestingly, we used to believe that the reason why some people can withstand (耐受) spicy food is that their tongues have become less sensitive to it.”可知，人们喜欢吃辣的食物是因为人们喜欢燃烧的感觉。故选B项正确。 7．考查主旨大意。根据第二段最后一句“But the latest study has found that a person’s love of spicy food may be linked to his or her personality (性格) more than anything else, CBC News reported.”可知人们喜欢吃辣味的食物跟一个人的性格有关。文章对此研究做出了具体说明。故选B。 七选五 In moving to another country it is not uncommon to experience culture shock. As a Chinese person in Britain, I am no different. Basically, there are five stages of culture shock. Stage one can be called the Tourist stage". If you travel a lot, you'll agree with me. Everything in a new place is very exciting to a tourist. 8 After all, tourists don't usually stay too long in one place. The second stage is the "shock stage”. 9 I am new in the country. Will someone cheat or rob me? I don't know anybody here and I miss home. Luckily, my "shock period" was quite short. I had so many things to do every day, so I didn't have time to get depressed. 10 You learn to deal with the difficulties and stop complaining. This period can be slow and if you fail, you have to go back to the shock stage. I am very lucky. I have a roommate who has lived here for several years. Every time I talk to her, I feel better. 11 We feel more comfortable and can adapt to the new culture. I think this will take a long time because I don't see any trace of it in me. The last stage is called the re-entry shock stage". This is the shock you feel when returning home. Everybody is happy to see you again, but you've changed. 12 A．Your own culture may feel foreign. B．Then comes the stage of acceptance. C．In the next stage, you begin to adjust. D．Problems and anxiety appear at this time. E．You start to identify with the new culture. F．This stage can last for months or just a couple of days. G．Find the courage to move forward during this difficult stage. 【答案】 8．F 9．D 10．C 11．B 12．A 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了文化冲击的五个阶段，以及每个阶段的一些表现。 8．根据上文“Stage one can be called the Tourist stage". If you travel a lot, you'll agree with me. Everything in a new place is very exciting to a tourist.(第一阶段可称为旅游阶段。如果你经常旅行，你会同意我的观点。对旅游者来说，新地方的一切都是令人兴奋的)”以及后文“After all, tourists don't usually stay too long in one place.(毕竟，游客通常不会在一个地方待太久)”可知，上文提到了第一阶段是旅游阶段，且后文提到游客不会待太久，可推知本句是在说明这个阶段持续的时间长短问题。F选项中This stage指代上文Stage one。故F选项“这个阶段可以持续几个月或几天”符合语境，故选F。 9．根据后文“I am new in the country. Will someone cheat or rob me? I don't know anybody here and I miss home.( 我刚到这个国家。有人会欺骗或抢劫我吗？我在这里谁都不认识，我想家)”可知，后文描述了这个阶段的一些具体表现，提到了害怕被骗、被抢劫和想家，说明这个阶段会出现担忧焦虑等问题。故D选项“这时问题和焦虑就出现了”符合语境，故选D。 10．根据后文“You learn to deal with the difficulties and stop complaining. This period can be slow and if you fail, you have to go back to the shock stage. I am very lucky. I have a roommate who has lived here for several years. Every time I talk to her, I feel better.(你要学会处理困难，停止抱怨。这段时间可能会很慢，如果你失败了，你必须回到冲击阶段。我很幸运。我有个室友已经在这里住了好几年了。每次跟她说话，我都感觉好多了)”可知，后文提到这个阶段的表现是学会处理困难，停止抱怨，说明这个阶段人开始学着处理问题，开始适应。故C选项“在下一个阶段，你开始适应”符合语境，故选C。 11．根据后文“We feel more comfortable and can adapt to the new culture. I think this will take a long time because I don't see any trace of it in me.(我们感觉更舒服，也能适应新的文化。我想这要花很长时间，因为我在我身上看不到它的任何迹象)”可知，后文提到这个阶段的表现是感觉更舒服，也能适应新的文化，说明开始接受并融入到新环境中。故B选项“然后是接受的阶段”符合语境，故选B。 12．根据上文“The last stage is called the re-entry shock stage". This is the shock you feel when returning home. Everybody is happy to see you again, but you've changed.(最后一个阶段称为再入冲击阶段。这就是你回家时的震惊。大家都很高兴再次见到你，但你变了)”可知，这一阶段的表现是你改变了，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明，变化是什么。故A选项“你自己的文化可能感觉很陌生”符合语境，故选A。 2、 思维提升-观点分享 在本单元中，我们讨论了饮食与压力。除了喝咖啡和购物，教材中提到去贵州感受文化多样性（Cultural Diversity）也是一种放松方式。请结合这些内容分享你的观点。 【任务要求】 谈谈你认为中学生保持身心健康最有效的方式。 必须使用：现在分词短语作独立成分（如：Generally speaking, Judging from...） 必须使用：动词不定式作主语（如：To travel... is / It is essential for us to...） 【答案】 Generally speaking, modern students face various pressures from school and life. While some people recommend drinking coffee to stay awake, I believe that to find a balance between study and relaxation is more important. Judging from the textbook, exploring cultural diversity, such as visiting ethnic minority villages in Guizhou, is a professional way to refresh our minds. In short, it is necessary for us to step out of our classrooms and experience the world. 3、 思维提升-书面表达 你的英国交换生好友 Tom 最近正在为选修课论文熬夜，为了节省时间，他经常不吃早餐 (skip breakfast)，甚至靠过量喝咖啡来提神。这不仅干扰 (disturb) 了他的睡眠，还让他感到焦虑。 ▶ A层作业（基础篇）：语境应用与微写作 任务要求： 请根据括号内的汉语提示，补全这封给 Tom 的建议信，重点训练核心词汇与句型。 Dear Tom, I’m sorry to hear that you feel stressed lately. 1. __________________ (坦白地说), your lifestyle of staying up late is worrying. 2. __________________ (养成规律的睡眠习惯是必要的) for your health. As we learned in this unit, a healthy mind 3. __________________ (由……组成) a positive attitude and a variety of interests. Why not try traveling to relax? 4. __________________ (如果可能的话), you could visit Guizhou to experience its unique culture. Don’t 5. __________________ (跳过早餐) anymore, as it will 6. __________________ (打扰) your focus in class. Please 7. __________________ (下定决心) to change now! Yours, Li Hua ▶ B层作业（提升篇）：情景交际与综合表达 任务要求： 请根据上述背景，给 Tom 写一封 100 词左右的建议信。 培优要求： 词汇： 包含 skip, disturb, be composed of, recommend, cultural diversity 等。 语法 1： 包含“现在分词作独立成分”和“动词不定式作主语”。 语法 2（培优挑战）： 尝试使用省略句 (Ellipsis)。例如：在建议时使用 If (it is) possible... 或在对比时使用 Some like coffee, but others don't (like coffee). 【答案】 A层 1.Frankly speaking 2.To develop regular sleep habits is necessary / It is necessary to develop... 3.is composed of 4.If possible 5.skip breakfast 6.disturb 7.make up your mind B层 Dear Tom, I am writing to share some thoughts on your current situation. Generally speaking, every student faces stress, but the way we handle it matters. To balance study and rest is the key to health. I noticed you often stay up late and skip breakfast, which will deeply disturb your energy. Frankly speaking, a healthy life is composed of good habits and a relaxed mind. I strongly recommend that you explore some cultural diversity to relieve stress. If (it is) possible, a trip to Guizhou would be great. Some students prefer shopping to relax, but I don't (prefer shopping). I believe nature and culture work better. Please make up your mind to change. I'm always here to help! Yours, Li Hua 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $