专题05 阅读理解之议论文15篇（北京专用）（中考真题+中考模拟）-2026年北京中考英语总复习(语法+题型)

专题05 阅读理解之议论文15篇 （北京专用） 内容导航 内容速递 中考真题练习 中考模拟练习 内容速递 本资料共15篇专项训练 中考真题练习 聚焦真题 明确考点 各地市联考真题练习 专注模拟 争夺高分 中考真题练习 People are talking a lot about artificial intelligence (AI), viewing it as a force that could reshape how society works. But there is something important missing from this discussion. It isn’t enough to ask how it will change us. We also need to understand how we shape AI and what it can tell us about ourselves. Every AI model we develop mirrors our rules and expresses our beliefs. A few years ago, while looking for new workers, a famous company gave up an AI-powered tool after finding it unfavorable to women. The AI was not designed to behave this way, instead, it was influenced by the historical data (数据) favoring men. Similarly, a recent study found that lending algorithms (算法) often offer less favorable terms to colored people, worsening long-standing unfairness in money-lending business. In both cases, AI isn’t creating new biases (偏见), it is mirroring the ones that are already present. These reflections (反映) give us an important chance to take a close look at ourselves. By making these problems seen and more pressing, AI challenges us to recognize and address what causes algorithmic bias. As AI continues to develop, we must ask ourselves how we as average people want to shape its role in society. We should not only improve AI models, but also make sure that AI is developed and used responsibly. A number of companies are already taking action. They are judging the data, rules, and beliefs that shape the behavior of AI models. Still, we cannot expect the companies to do all the work. As long as AI is trained on human data, it will reflect human behavior. That means we have to think carefully about the footprints of ourselves we leave in the world. I may value privacy, but if I give it up in a heartbeat to visit a website, the algorithms may make a very different judgment of what I really want and what is good for me. If I want meaningful human connections yet spend more time on social media and less time in the physical company of my friends, I am indirectly training AI models about the true nature of humanity. As AI becomes more powerful, we need to take increasing care to read our principles (原则) into the record of our actions rather than allowing the two to diverge. Recognizing this allows us to make better decisions, but only when we are prepared to look closely and take responsibility for what we see. 1．Why does the writer introduce the two examples in Paragraph 2? A．To suggest a solution. B．To stress a difference. C．To challenge a practice. D．To support a viewpoint. 2．What does the word “diverge” in the last paragraph most probably mean? A．Improve. B．Appear. C．Separate. D．Repeat. 3．According to the passage, what is a good example of shaping AI responsibility? A．Guarding one’s privacy against AI models. B．Being mindful of our feeds into AI models. C．Training algorithms to favor the latest data. D．Designing algorithms to deal with unfairness. 4．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．AI Isn’t the Problem; We Are B．AI: A Tool to Reshape Our Society C．More Open algorithms for Better AI? D．Building Trust in Human-AI Relationships 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了人工智能如何反映人类社会中的偏见和不公平现象，并强调人类在塑造AI时需要承担的责任。文章通过具体案例说明AI并非独立产生偏见，而是反映了人类社会已有的问题，并呼吁人们通过自身行为来影响AI的发展方向。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“In both cases, AI isn’t creating new biases (偏见), it is mirroring the ones that are already present.”可知，作者认为AI并没有创造新的偏见，而是反映了已经存在的偏见。第二段中提到的招聘时由AI驱动的工具对女性更不利，贷款算法对有色人种更为不利，这两个例子印证了作者的观点，是为了支持“AI反映人类社会偏见”这一观点。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据“we need to take increasing care to read our principles (原则) into the record of our actions rather than allowing the two to diverge.”可知，在人工智能发展的过程中，我们需要将我们的原则融入到我们的行动记录中，而不是让两者背道而驰。划线部分diverge意为“分歧，背离”，与Separate表达的意思相近。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“As long as AI is trained on human data, it will reflect human behavior. That means we have to think carefully about the footprints of ourselves we leave in the world.”可知，只要AI是基于人类数据训练的，它就会反映人类行为。这意味着我们必须认真思考我们在世界上留下的足迹。作者认为人类应谨慎对待自身行为对AI的影响，即“注意我们对AI模型的输入”。故选B。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章核心观点是AI并非问题的根源，而是人类社会偏见的反映，因此人类需要为AI的发展负责。选项A“AI Isn’t the Problem; We Are”最贴合主旨。故选A。 中考模拟真题练习 On social media, have you seen book fans share pictures of cool books and nice reading spaces? In real life, have you seen people reading at coffee shops or on public transport? Before you start to wonder whether they are really reading the books, there is already a term for this: “performative reading”. People have joked that these individuals (个人) are making books “a symbol of hotness” or something to be worn with “a good outfit”, said The Week. This attitude goes back to 2021, when a hashtag (标签) community on TikTok called “BookTok” grew into a place where popular books became trendy (潮流的) items. Algorithms (算法) on social media push the trend further, as they mostly reward what looks good, like eye-catching covers and coffee cups in a city cafe, noted NBC News. “Performative reading” also made some people who really love reading feel uncomfortable. Alaina Demopoulos, a daily features writer for the Guardian, shared her story that when she tried to read alone in a crowd to enjoy a lovely evening, two young girls laughed at her, making her feel stressed. On social media, readers spoke out that “there’s no such thing as ‘performative reading’.” Some young people even argue that the so-called “performance” doesn’t take away from the real joy of reading. Selwa Khan, a university graduate who enjoys sharing her reads on social media, feels it’s common to “aestheticize our hobbies”. “I think social media makes everybody perform, whether they accept it or not,” she told NBC News. “I’ve seen for years posts on... all these platforms of titles that are ‘performative’, which always happen to be titles that I really enjoy,” Khan added. Today, as many of us rely heavily on short videos, making it hard to read even a whole book, does it really matter if someone “appears” to be reading? Jafei Pollitt, a regular reader who jokingly responded to this idea online, said that even pretending (假装) to read can encourage someone to start reading. It’s a little bit of “fake (假装) it until you make it.” You can start off wanting to read for the aesthetics, but eventually you might involve yourself in the book… she told NBC News. 1．According to the text, what is“performative reading” mainly about? A．Reading books aloud as a performance. B．Reading books carefully in public places. C．Sharing reading notes on social media platforms. D．Treating reading as fashion or a way to be noticed. 2．The word “aestheticize” in paragraph 5 is close in meaning to ________. A．make something easier to understand. B．make something more popular online. C．make something look beautiful or pleasing. D．make something more expensive and uncommon. 3．What possible benefit does“performative reading” have, according to Jafei Pollitt? A．It makes reading look cool online. B．It greatly improves reading speed. C．It helps people choose better books. D．It may turn fake reading into a real love of reading. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing the passage? A．To show why cafes are perfect for reading. B．To advise people to avoid performative reading. C．To explore opinions on the“performative reading” topic. D．To compare different social-media platforms for readers. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，文章主要讨论了“表演性阅读”这一现象，包括其定义、来源、不同人群对此的看法以及其可能带来的好处。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“People have joked that these individuals (个人) are making books ‘a symbol of hotness’ or something to be worn with ‘a good outfit’, said The Week.”可知，“表演性阅读”主要是将阅读视为一种时尚或引人注目的方式。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据文章第五段“Some young people even argue that the so-called ‘performance’ doesn’t take away from the real joy of reading.”以及“‘I think social media makes everybody perform, whether they accept it or not,’ she told NBC News.”可知，一些年轻人认为社交媒体让每个人都进行“表演”，即让爱好看起来更美观或更吸引人，因此“aestheticize”的意思是“使某物看起来美丽或令人愉悦”。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Jafei Pollitt, a regular reader who jokingly responded to this idea online, said that even pretending (假装) to read can encourage someone to start reading. It’s a little bit of ‘fake (假装) it until you make it.’ You can start off wanting to read for the aesthetics, but eventually you might involve yourself in the book…”可知，根据Jafei Pollitt的观点，“表演性阅读”可能将假阅读变成对阅读的真正热爱。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。文章主要讨论了“表演性阅读”的定义、来源、不同人群对此的看法以及其可能带来的好处，因此作者的主要目的是探讨关于“表演性阅读”这一话题的不同观点。故选C。 Have you ever been to a big city that uses plenty of electric cars instead of traditional gas-powered cars? The difference is quite obvious. For example, you can chat on the sidewalk without raising your voice over traffic noise or feeling uncomfortable from car smoke. We are starting to use less fossil fuels (化石燃料). The more a society stops using internal combustion engines (内燃机), the better it improves locals’ lives by reducing air and noise pollution. Burning less fossil fuel means less carbon is released into the air, which helps slow down human-caused climate change. Now, the big question is: what kind of vehicle will become the car of the future? There are two main types of clean cars competing to be the best: electric vehicles (EVs) and hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles (FCVs). Electric vehicles run on rechargeable (可再充电的) lithium-ion batteries. Hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles depend on the hydrogen stored in a tank (储氢罐) and transform it into electricity. Both types of cars run quietly and produce almost no harmful waste gases. Which one is better? That’s still being debated. EVs are cheaper and more convenient due to their supportive infrastructure (基础设施). FCVs can travel farther, and their hydrogen tanks can be refilled much faster than EV batteries can be recharged. However, both have big challenges. Making EV batteries requires a lot of energy, often from fossil fuels, and recycling old batteries is still difficult. For hydrogen cars, producing and storing hydrogen is expensive and consumes a lot of energy. Car companies have different views about which technology is better. Spokespeople for Toyota, Hyundai, and BMW have claimed that hydrogen has superior long-term potential in many areas and could even replace both traditional cars and EVs. However, the CEOs of Tesla and Volkswagen have publicly criticized the idea of using hydrogen in cars. Tesla’s Elon Musk has gone so far as to call fuel cells “fool cells.” So, will either one really work? It’s still hard to tell which type of car will rule the roads in the future. But most people hope at least one will become the new standard. Many of us will be glad to see the noise and air pollution from traditional cars become a thing of the past. 1．Why does the writer mention the example in Para. 1? A．To suggest a solution for using gas-powered cars. B．To list the advantages of living in big modern cities. C．To stress the difference electric cars make in our daily life. D．To support the viewpoint that cities are becoming quieter. 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．The debate about the better clean car will last for a long time. B．Traditional gas-powered cars will disappear in the near future. C．People have already found the best way to recycle EV batteries. D．FCVs are better than EVs because they can travel a longer distance. 3．The underlined word “consumes” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”. A．saves up B．uses up C．turns into D．gives off 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．The End of Traditional Gas-powered Cars B．EVs vs FCVs: Which Will Be the Future Car? C．How Clean Cars Help Slow Down Climate Change D．The Challenges of Producing New Energy Cars 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨了电动汽车和氢燃料电池汽车这两种清洁能源汽车各自的优劣势和面临的挑战，分析了哪种可能成为未来的主流车型。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Have you ever been to a big city that uses plenty of electric cars instead of traditional gas-powered cars? The difference is quite obvious.”以及随后的具体例子可知，作者提到这个例子是为了强调电动汽车给我们的日常生活带来的显著不同。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Which one is better? That’s still being debated.”和第四段对两者各自挑战的描述，以及最后一段“It’s still hard to tell which type of car will rule the roads in the future.”可以推断出，关于哪种清洁汽车更好的争论将持续很长时间。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据“For hydrogen cars, producing and storing hydrogen is expensive and consumes a lot of energy.”可知，对于氢燃料汽车，生产和储存氢气很昂贵，并且“消耗”大量能源。“consumes”在这里表示“用尽、消耗”的意思，与use up意思接近。故选B。 4．最佳标题题。全文围绕电动汽车 (EVs) 和氢燃料电池汽车 (FCVs) 这两种未来清洁汽车的竞争展开，详细比较了它们的原理、优缺点、挑战以及行业的不同观点，因此最佳标题应为“电动汽车vs氢燃料汽车：谁将成为未来的汽车？”。故选B。 A popular saying goes, “Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.” However, that’s not really true. Words carry a weight far beyond physical effect—they have the power to build us up into confidence, or tear us down into self-doubting shadows. Whether these words come from a stranger’s casual comment , a loved one’s thoughtless remark , or our own self- talk , their effects are just as lasting. We all talk to ourselves sometimes, though many of us hide this habit out of embarrassment. In reality, this internal dialogue is a natural and even healthy part of human cognition—experts increasingly recognize that vocal self- talk improves focus, memory, and problem-solving. Be aware, though, that as much as 77% of self-talk tends to be negative. We scold ourselves for small mistakes, or dismiss (忽视) our achievements. This negative self-talk gradually destroys self-respect slowly but surely. So in order to stay positive, we must consciously practice positive self-affirmation. Celebrate the small wins—finishing a work task, acing a quiz, or even just getting out of bed on a hard day—with a sincere “Good job’” Equally important is the effect of the words we speak to others. Too often, we let words slip out without considering their weight: a critical comment that destroys, or a thoughtless remark that dismisses someone’s feelings. Yet language is a tool of connection or division. A warm “Thank you for your help” can brighten a stranger’s day and strengthen a relationship. Conversely, harsh (刻薄的) words leave scars that may never fully heal. For example, when returning an item to a store, we might use warm, friendly language during the exchange. And the clerk will probably answer in a similar manner. Our words are catching— kindness brings out kindness, while negativity fuels conflict. The lasting power of words is why we often regret things we’ve said in anger or hurry, and why unkind words spoken to us in childhood can still keep coming to our mind as adults. Before speaking, we should pause and ask three simple questions: Is it true? Is it kind? Is it necessary? If the answer to any of these is “no”, the words are better left unsaid. Words have enormous power: both positive and negative. Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively. We can offer hope, build self-respect and motivate others to do their best. Negative words destroy all those things. Will we use our words to hurt or to heal? The choice is ours. 1．What is Paragraph 1 mainly talking about? A．Words have a lasting effect on us. B．Positive words can give us confidence. C．A popular saying about words is not true. D．Words’ effects are more lasting than physical ones. 2．What is the word “self-affirmation” in Paragraph 2 closest in meaning to? A．The act of exploring one’s own talent. B．The act of improving one’s own habits. C．The act of recognizing one’s own worth. D．The act of learning one’s own weaknesses. 3．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To compare self- talk and words to others. B．To explain why negative words are common. C．To encourage readers to use words in a positive way. D．To describe how self-talk affects people’s confidence. 4．Which of the following would be the best title of the passage? A．The Power of Words B．The Reach of Words C．The Spread of Words D．The Warmth of Words 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．A 【导语】 本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了语言的力量，包括语言对自身和他人的影响，强调了积极语言的重要性，并提醒人们在使用语言时要谨慎思考。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Words carry a weight far beyond physical effect—they have the power to build us up into confidence, or tear us down into self-doubting shadows. Whether these words come from a stranger’s casual comment, a loved one’s thoughtless remark, or our own self-talk, their effects are just as lasting.”可知，第一段主要论述了语言对我们有持久的影响。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“This negative self-talk gradually destroys self-respect slowly but surely. So in order to stay positive, we must consciously practice positive self-affirmation. Celebrate the small wins—finishing a work task, acing a quiz, or even just getting out of bed on a hard day—with a sincere ‘Good job’”可知，消极的自我对话会逐渐破坏自尊，为了保持积极，我们必须有意识地练习积极的自我肯定，庆祝小胜利，用真诚的“干得好”来肯定自己，所以“self-affirmation”与“认可自己的价值”意思相近。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Words have enormous power: both positive and negative. Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively. We can offer hope, build self-respect and motivate others to do their best. Negative words destroy all those things. Will we use our words to hurt or to heal? The choice is ours.”可知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是鼓励读者以积极的方式使用语言。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。根据最后一段“Words have enormous power: both positive and negative.”以及通读全文可知，本文主要论述了语言的力量，包括语言对自身和他人的影响，强调了积极语言的重要性，并提醒人们在使用语言时要谨慎思考，所以最佳标题为“语言的力量”。故选A。 The Rise of EdTech: A New Way to Learn The way we learn is changing rapidly. In recent years, Educational Technology, or “EdTech” for short, has become a powerful force in classrooms and homes around the world. From interactive apps to online courses, technology promises to make learning more engaging and personalized. But is this shift entirely positive? Many educators and students are beginning to ask important questions about the role of technology in education. EdTech offers many exciting benefits. For example, language learning apps can offer instant feedback on pronunciation, and online platforms can provide thousands of courses on everything from coding to art history. This allows students to learn at their own pace and explore their unique interests. It can also make quality education more accessible to people in remote areas. However, some challenges come with these new tools. Critics (批评者) worry that too much screen time can reduce students’ attention spans and make it harder for them to focus on traditional learning. There is also a concern that the constant use of algorithms(算法) to personalize books might create “filter bubbles,” where students only see information that matches their current level and interests, limiting their exposure to new and challenging ideas. Moreover, not every student has equal access to the latest devices and a fast Internet connection, which could widen the gap between the rich and the poor. The key, many experts argue, is balance. Technology should be a tool to support learning, not replace fundamental skills like critical thinking and deep reading. Just as a calculator(计算器) helps with math but doesn’t teach us how to think logically, EdTech should assist, not control, the learning process. The most successful classrooms of the future will likely be those that mix the best of traditional teaching with the most effective new technologies, ensuring that students develop both digital literacy and essential human skills. 1．What is one main advantage of EdTech mentioned in the passage? A．It makes teachers less necessary. B．It completely replaces traditional textbooks. C．It allows students to learn at their own pace. D．It ensures all students get the same information. 2．What is the “filter bubble” effect in personalized learning? A．It protects students from harmful online content. B．It makes learning apps run faster on old devices. C．It helps teachers track students’ progress more easily. D．It limits the information and challenges students come across. 3．What does the underlined word “balance” in the last paragraph most probably mean? A．Finding a healthy mix of different elements. B．Sticking strictly to traditional methods. C．Focusing only on new technology. D．Letting students choose their preferred way of learning. 4．What is the author’s main purpose in writing this article? A．To encourage a wise way of using EdTech. B．To encourage schools to buy the latest EdTech products. C．To explain why traditional learning methods are outdated. D．To warn against the dangers of using technology in education. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨了教育科技（EdTech）在教学中的兴起，分析了它带来的好处和面临的挑战，并指出未来教育的关键在于平衡技术与传统教学，让技术作为辅助工具来支持学习。 1．细节理解题。根据文章“This allows students to learn at their own pace and explore their unique interests.”可知，教育科技的一个主要优势是允许学生按照自己的节奏学习。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章“there is also a concern that the constant use of algorithms to personalize books might create “filter bubbles”, where students only see information that matches their current level and interests, limiting their exposure to new and challenging ideas.”可知，“filter bubbles”效应会限制学生接触新的、有挑战性的信息。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据文章“Technology should be a tool to support learning, not replace fundamental skills” 可以看出，作者认为技术是“辅助工具”，而非“替代者”，最后一句 “mix the best of traditional teaching with the most effective new technologies”直接点明了balance的内涵：将传统教学的优势与最有效的新技术相结合，找到两者之间的健康平衡点。因此，balance在这里指在不同元素（传统教学与新技术）之间找到健康的混合与平衡。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。文章既分析了教育科技的优势，也指出了挑战，最后提出关键在于“平衡”，即让技术作为辅助工具，与传统教学结合。这表明作者的主要目的是鼓励以明智的方式使用教育科技。故选A。 As AI becomes more popular in education, some argue that AI expands (扩大) creative potential (潜力), while others fear it prevents originality (独创性). One of the biggest concerns about AI in education is that it can discourage deep thinking. Since AI generates (产生) content based on existing (现存的) data, students who over-rely on (依赖) it may produce work that has no originality. Over time, relying too heavily on AI could weaken critical thinking skills and may even make students lose confidence in their own creative abilities. On the other hand, AI can be a powerful tool for expanding creative potential. One of AI’s greatest strengths is its ability to generate new ideas. When students face creative blocks, AI can provide prompts (提示) or suggest new ideas that they might not have considered. One study examined 225 university students who were assigned a creative writing task. Half used AI for assistance (帮助), while the other half worked without AI. One of the key findings was that students who used AI produced more creative outputs compared to those who didn’t. AI helped students explore new ideas, refine their writing, and experiment with new structures or concepts. They also found that it reduced the difficulty and effort required for creative tasks. Having AI assist them made the process smoother and easier. However, while AI improved the quality of creative work, it also diminished the value and enjoyment of the creative process itself. Many students reported feeling less engaged (专注的) or emotionally connected to their work when AI was heavily involved (参与的). Moreover, some students felt uneasy about relying on AI for creative tasks, questioning whether AI-generated assistance was a form of “cheating” or if it was weakening their personal effort. For AI to be a part of education, it should be a thinking partner, not just a tool for quick solutions. Teachers can encourage students to engage in a back-and-forth dialogue with AI, for example, by refining ideas and challenging responses, rather than simply copying AI-generated content. Focus on the creative process, not the final product. Creativity isn’t just about the end result-it’s about the personal journey of exploration, struggle, and discovery. Teachers could require students to take down their brainstorming process, showing how they used AI and how it influenced their work. Students need to understand how AI works, its biases, and its limitations and ensure they engage with AI in a responsible and meaningful way. AI has the potential to both hinder (阻碍) and raise creativity, depending on how it is used. The key is responsible and intentional use. AI should support students, not replace their creative efforts. By teaching students how to use AI as a tool, we can ensure that AI empowers the next generation of creative thinkers instead of limiting their potential. 1．What is the study mainly about? A．Reasons for students to use AI. B．AI’s working process for helping creativity. C．AI’s influence on students’ creativity. D．Difficulties students face when using AI. 2．What does the word “diminished” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Lowered. B．Raised. C．Cleared. D．Deepened. 3．What will the writer probably agree with? A．AI can’t help students to be more creative. B．Students shouldn’t use AI because it’s a form of “cheating”. C．Students should be taught to use AI wisely and responsibly. D．Using AI to find quick solutions is more important than focusing on process. 4．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．Why Does AI Raise Your Creativity? B．Does AI Harm Students' Creativity? C．Is It Important to Find the Potential of AI? D．How Can AI Create Original Work? 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文主要探讨了AI在教育中对学生创造力的双重影响，并提出了以负责任和有意识的方式使用AI，使其成为支持而非取代学生创造性思维的工具。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“One study examined...One of the key findings was that students who used AI produced more creative outputs compared to those who didn’t.”以及第四段“However, while AI improved the quality of creative work, it also diminished the value and enjoyment of the creative process itself.”可知，该研究主要讨论了AI对学生创造力产出的提升以及对创作过程本身价值的影响，因此它是关于AI对学生创造力的影响。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第四段“However, while AI improved the quality of creative work, it also diminished the value and enjoyment of the creative process itself.”可知，在AI提高作品质量的同时，它也“降低、减弱”了创作过程本身的价值和乐趣。且“diminished”与上文“improved”形成转折对比。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“For AI to be a part of education, it should be a thinking partner...Focus on the creative process...Students need to understand how AI works, its biases, and its limitations and ensure they engage with AI in a responsible and meaningful way.”以及最后一段“The key is responsible and intentional use.”可知，作者认为关键在于负责任、有意识地使用AI，应该教导学生如何明智且负责任地使用AI。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文，文章开头提出AI对创造力存在潜在阻碍和促进两种对立观点，接着通过研究具体分析其双面影响，最后重点论述如何负责任地使用AI以使其支持而非取代学生的创造性努力。全文核心是探讨AI对学生创造力的影响究竟是利是弊。故选B。 We live in a culture that treats mistakes as both unavoidable and unacceptable. On one hand, we are told again and again that mistakes are our teachers. On the other hand, we carry the weight of each misstep as if it should never have happened. No matter how we view mistakes, the unspoken rule is that the goal remains the same: avoid mistakes at all costs. But what if the very thing we call a mistake isn’t one at all? You planned carefully, acted honestly, and made thoughtful choices. Yet the result looked different from what you imagined. It is natural to call it a mistake. But what if it was simply an outcome, neither right nor wrong, just reality moving in a direction you did not expect? For example, someone accepted a meaningful job. Later, the company restructured (重组) and the position disappeared. Did he make a wrong decision? If we call every difference from expectation a mistake, we lose the ability to accept uncertainty as part of the process. There is an important difference between negligence and uncertainty. Negligence, paying no attention to facts, missing warnings, or failing to act with care, can and should be called a mistake. But uncertainty, no matter how uncomfortable, is not. It’s simply the reality we live with. When we learn to separate true mistakes from unavoidable outcomes, we allow ourselves to walk more freely, act with courage, and experiment without carrying the weight of unnecessary regret. This does not mean you can take things lightly. We should plan carefully, consider possible outcomes, and act responsibly. But once we have done so, we must also accept that the results may not correspond to the picture we painted in our minds. Sometimes it is just life, moving us into places we did not expect but might need to be. I can think of moments in my own life when an opportunity (机会) I worked for with full effort did not materialize. At the time, it felt like a mistake. But looking back, those moments turned out to be turning points, redirecting my time and energy toward spaces I would never have explored otherwise. What felt like mistakes was in fact redirection. Only when we do not treat the absence of a hoped-for outcome as a mistake, can we start opening our minds to unexpected opportunities that appear when things don’t go as planned. And maybe the lesson is not just to learn from mistakes, but to learn which things were never mistakes in the first place. 1．Why does the writer use the example in Paragraph 2? A．To prove that mistakes are hard to avoid. B．To encourage careful thought before acting. C．To explain that uncertainty is normal in life. D．To stress the importance of making good decisions. 2．The words “correspond to” in Paragraph 4 probably mean “________”. A．depend on B．center on C．connect with D．agree with 3．Which of the following would the writer most probably support? A．Mistakes usually result from poor preparation. B．Acting carefully is the key to reducing uncertainty. C．Our view on unexpected outcomes shapes our growth. D．Avoiding mistakes matters more than exploring new experiences. 4．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．What Can We Learn From a Mistake? B．When Is a Mistake Really a Mistake? C．Why Are Mistakes Unacceptable? D．How Can We Avoid Mistakes? 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文探讨了“错误”的定义，区分了“疏忽导致的真正错误”与“生活中不可避免的不确定性结果”，指出不应将所有与预期不符的结果都归为错误；建议人们正确看待意外结果，学会接受生活的不确定性，如此才能更勇敢地行动，并拥抱意外带来的机遇。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，本段通过“接受工作后因公司重组失去职位”的例子，说明若将所有与预期不符的结果都称为错误，我们会失去接受不确定性的能力，即解释不确定性是生活中正常的一部分。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“But once we have done so, we must also accept that the results may not correspond to the picture we painted in our minds.”可知，一旦我们完成了这些操作，我们也必须承认，所得的结果可能与我们脑海中所描绘的景象并不完全一致，“correspond to”在此处意为 “与……一致”，与“agree with”含义相近。故选D。 3．细节理解题。文章核心观点是“区分真正的错误（疏忽）与不可避免的不确定性结果”，并指出看待意外结果的方式会影响我们的状态（如更自由、有勇气）。选项C“我们对意外结果的看法塑造了我们的成长”符合作者的主张。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。根据文章内容可知，文章围绕“何为真正的错误”展开，区分了“疏忽导致的错误”与“生活中不可避免的不确定性结果”，因此标题“When Is a Mistake Really a Mistake?”（什么时候所谓的错误才是真正的错误？）最契合主旨。故选B。 How AI will transform education is very important to schools such as mine, teachers such as me, and hardworking care-givers such as the parents in my community. Could AI teach our children to grasp new concepts and skills? Might AI be better equipped to help them use their own intelligence? Human intelligence is different from the computer’s. For one, human intelligence cannot be measured. The brain is plastic (可塑的), always developing and growing as we learn from our environments. In addition, human intelligence depends on human interaction; exercising our intelligence is something we do naturally as we connect with others, consider the world around us and seek to improve our relationship to that world. In education, there has been a movement toward social-emotional and problem-based learning. So educators try to encourage interest in subjects and skills by turning learning moments into communal (共有的) problem-solving events. When we combine analytical (分析的) learning with social-emotional learning, students master the material we want them to know and get more excited about the learning process. However, using AI looks different from this. AI learning often involves an individual working alone with a computer program. It can crowd source information to help students find facts about their environment, solve a problem and come up with a creative way forward. But AI doesn’t force students to think through or keep anything. And simply being fed facts and information is not the same as “learning”. It is fascinating to imagine that AI might cure what annoys us. Many parents don’t have the resources—in time, money or energy—to teach their kids at home. If AI could fill the gaps, how great, right? Yet the nature of AI “teaching” as it currently exists means that many students may simply level up without “learning”—an in-depth engagement that sparks their curiosity to learn more. Maybe it’s time to rethink about how we can shape AI learning in the way of involving students in the true learning process where the growth of their intelligence is not just to be expected but to be gauged (衡量). Probably in this way will AI be able to teach better. 1．What do we know about human intelligence according to Paragraph 2? A．It is measured easily. B．It is of no importance. C．It can do without education. D．It is changeable and interactive. 2．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．AI learning should be widely used and relied on at school. B．AI learning helps develop students’ intelligence greatly. C．AI learning makes a huge difference to education worldwide. D．AI learning is expected to help with students’ true learning. 3．What can be a suitable title for the passage? A．Can AI be Better Used to Teach Students? B．Should Students Use AI Frequently? C．How Do Students Use AI in Their Study? D．How Do Teachers Interact with Students? 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了人工智能 (AI) 在教育中的潜在作用与局限性，通过比较人类智能的特点以及当前AI教育的不足，提出应重新思考如何设计AI辅助学习，使其真正促进学生深度参与学习过程，而非仅仅提供信息。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“human intelligence cannot be measured. The brain is plastic, always developing and growing as we learn from our environments.”和“human intelligence depends on human interaction”可知，作者指出人类智力不可被简单测量 (cannot be measured)，且大脑具有可塑性 (plastic)，能随环境学习而不断发展。此外，人类智力的发挥依赖于人际互动 (depends on human interaction)，是我们与他人连接、思考世界并改善与世界关系时的自然行为。这说明了人类智力是动态变化且依赖于互动的。因此，选项D正确概括了这些特点。故选D。 2．推理判断题。通读全文，作者先指出当前AI学习的局限——“many students may simply level up without ‘learning’”，该句点明当前AI学习的核心局限，为后文提出革新建议做铺垫；接着在最后一段提出观点“it’s time to rethink about how we can shape AI learning in the way of involving students in the true learning process”，这表明作者期望通过对AI学习方式进行革新，使其能够助力学生的真正学习。故选D。 3．最佳标题题。本文开篇提出“人工智能如何改变教育”的问题，中间对比人类智力与AI学习模式的差异，分析AI 教学的不足，最后提出重构AI学习模式以实现有效教学的建议，全文始终围绕“如何让AI 更好地用于教学”展开；选项A“人工智能能否被更好地用于教学生？”精准匹配全文核心，适合作为文章的标题。故选A。 The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally done by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat (甜食), selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to get a second treat and various forms of success. As adults, in fact, we face “the marshmallow test” every day. We’re not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets—all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers. We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed an ability to respond to these treats that reflected their value—a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, greatly reducing the cost and effort involved in getting calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist (抑制) tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat. A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative (发展的) environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a system that prized new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now constantly bombarded (轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our intake of calories, we also need to be more thoughtful about our intake of information, and refuse to accept the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively. 1．According to Paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ______. A．the calorie-poor world and our own desire for food B．the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs C．the food-rich world and our unchanged brains D．the attractive foods and our efforts to keep fit 2．What does the author suggest readers do? A．Use diverse information sources. B．Be selective consumers of information. C．Absorb new information readily. D．Protect the information environment. 3．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Later, the Better B．The Sad Truth about Early Humans C．Eat Less, Read More D．The Marshmallow Test for Adults 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，通过对比儿童棉花糖实验与成年人面对信息诱惑的相似性，探讨了人类大脑对即时满足的原始需求与现代环境之间的冲突，并建议读者理性管理信息摄入。 1．推理判断题。根据“But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, greatly reducing the cost and effort involved in getting calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago”可知，我们重塑了周遭的世界，大幅降低了获取热量所需的成本与精力，但我们的大脑却仍和数千年前的状态别无二致，这造成了不匹配，即食物富足的世界与我们未曾改变的大脑之间存在着不匹配。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据“we also need to be more thoughtful about our intake of information, and refuse to accept the temptation of the mental ‘junk food’”可知，我们需要更谨慎地选择信息摄入，拒绝精神“垃圾食品”。由此推知，作者建议读者成为有选择性的信息消费者。故选B。 3．最佳标题题。根据全文内容，文章指明了成年人每天都面临着“棉花糖测试”，不再是被甜食所诱惑，而是要面对信息诱惑的挑战，所以选项D“成年人棉花糖测试” 是最佳标题。故选D。 You learned how to speak and understand speech during your first few years of life. No one taught you how to do this. Learning to read and write took a lot more effort. Reading doesn’t come naturally to people, but most of us have learned how. Literacy (读写能力) makes it possible to travel in a world filled with books, websites, text messages, road signs, and more. But the world of information is changing. Why send a long letter or text when you can share photos or videos instead? Why learn from a book when you can watch an instructional video or practice a skill in virtual reality (虚拟现实)? Why read magazines when you can listen to podcasts (播客)? Could a growing number of people take part in today’s world without reading or writing at all? Technology makes it possible. Most of our devices (设备) now talk to us. Smart virtual assistants listen for requests to report the weather, play a song, order goods, and much more. Software can also read text aloud or turn speech into text. These interactions (互动) aren’t perfect. The software still makes silly mistakes. But it’s getting better and better. It’s possible to imagine we’ll communicate with our devices and each other is spoken in the future. But reading and writing are powerful tools. For one, most people read faster than they speak. A podcaster or audiobook teller speaks at around 150 to 160 words per minute, while a strong reader can look through a text at 300 to 400 words per minute. That’s twice as fast! Research has also found that people remember more information and stay more interested when they are reading. Learning to read also creates new connections in the brain. In her book Proust and the Squid: The Story and Science of the Reading Brain, Maryanne Wolf writes that with the invention of reading, human beings “rearranged the very organization of our brain, which in turn developed the ways we were able to think, which changed the intellectual evolution (进化) of humans.” Would you really choose to give up that progress? What do you think? Do you hope people keep on reading and writing, or will technology make reading no longer needed? 1．What can we learn from Para. 1? A．Reading and writing are natural skills. B．It is easy to learn to read and write. C．Literacy is very important in daily lives. D．Most people learn reading by themselves. 2．Why does the writer mention the three questions in Para. 2? A．To offer a new way to improve reading and writing skills. B．To ask readers to offer their answers to these questions. C．To show the writer has many questions about the topic. D．To show the change in the ways of getting information . 3．Which of the following supports the statement “reading and writing are powerful tools”? ①Most people read faster than they speak. ②People stay more interested when they read. ③Learning to read improves the way we think. ④People can understand texts better when reading. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 4．Which of the following might the writer agree with? A．Reading and writing will be of no use soon. B．People shouldn’t give up reading and writing. C．Technology will rearrange human’s brain. D．Virtual reality will take the place of books. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕人类读写能力这一话题进行了论述，目前信息社会中通讯方式的多样以及智能技术的发展对人类读写能力带来了很大的影响，但是读写能力依然非常重要。 1．推理判断题。由第一段“ Literacy (读写能力) makes it possible to travel in a world filled with books, websites, text messages, road signs, and more.”可知读写能力对于日常生活很重要。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“But the world of information is changing.”可知，作者提问是为了说明现代社会获取信息的方式在改变。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“For one, most people read faster than they speak... people remember more information and stay more interested when they are reading”对应句①和句②；“Learning to read also creates new connections in the brain...”对应句③，可知，选项A符合。故选A。 4．推理判断题。综合全文大意可知，作者认为读写能力是强有力的工具，对于人类是非常重要的，所以作者应是认为人类不应该放弃读写。选项B符合。故选B。 Being Authoritative(权威的) Parents Phrases like “tiger mom” and “helicopter parent” have made their way into everyday language. Many of us find ourselves drawn to the idea that with just a bit more parental hard work and effort, we might turn out children with bright futures. But is there anything wrong with a kind of “overparenting style”? Parental involvement has a long history of being studied. Many of the studies, carried out by Diana Baumrind, a famous psychologist at the University of California, Berkeley, have found that a good parent is the one who is involved and reacts to her child in a positive way, who sets high expectations but gives her child independence. These “authoritative parents” appear to hit the sweet spot of parental involvement and generally raise children who do better academically, psychologically and socially than children whose parents are not strict and less involved, or controlling and more involved.Why is this parenting style so successful? Authoritative parents actually help improve motivation in their children Carol Daeck, a social phychologist at Stanford University, has done research that shows why authoritative parents raise mote motivated children. In a typical experiment, Dr. Dweck takes young children into a room and asks them to solve a simple puzzle. Most do so with little difficulty. But then Dr Dweck tells some, but not all, of the kids how clever they are. As it turns out, the children who are got told they’re smart are more motivated to solve increasingly difficulty puzzles. They also show higher levels of confidence and show greater progress in puzzle-solving. As the experiment suggests, praising children’s talents and abilities seems to shake their confidence. Dealing with more difficult puzzles carries the risk of losing one’s status as “smart”. Dr. Dweck’s work strongly supports that of Dr. Baumrind, who also found that reasonably supporting a child’s independence and limiting interference(干涉) causes better academic(学术的) and emotional results. The central task of growing up is to develop a sense of self that is independent and confident. If you treat your young child who is just learning to walk as if she can’t walk, you reduce her confidence. Allowing children to make mistakes is one of the greatest challenges of parenting. It is easier when they are young. The potential mistakes carry greater risks, and part of being a parent is reducing risk for our children. 1．According to the passage, a “tiger mom” ________. A．helps her children realize their dreams B．pays close attention to her children’s experiences C．places reasonable expectations on her children D．speaks her children’s everyday language 2．From the passage, we can know that controlling style of parenting may ________. A．cause more problems in children B．develop independence in children C．face more challenges of children D．lead to children’s academic success 3．The example of the children doing the puzzles suggests that ________. A．a good game plays a big role in training young minds B．bright children usually show less confidence in difficult games C．puzzle-solving can give children the motivation they need D．overpraising makes children less motivated and confident 4．The last paragraph tells us that ________. A．children should not be given much freedom B．parents should not increase the risk of challenging C．children should correct mistakes with the help of their parents D．parents should allow their children to learn from mistakes 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过向我们介绍“虎妈”以及不同父母的教育对孩子造成不同的影响，告诉我们：父母应该给予孩子独立，让他们独自解决问题，这样有助于他们的成长。 1．细节理解题。根据“Many of the studies, carried out by Diana Baumrind...her child independence.”可知，研究发现一个好的父母是一个积极参与并对孩子做出积极反应的人，她设定了很高的期望，但给了孩子独立性。所以“虎妈”密切关注孩子们的经历。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“These ‘authoritative parents’ appear to hit the sweet spot of parental involvement...and more involved.“可知，这些“权威父母”似乎达到了父母参与的最佳点，通常培养出的孩子在学业、心理和社交方面都比父母不严格、参与度低、控制欲强等的孩子表现更好。所以“控制型”的父母会给孩子带来更多的问题。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“As the experiment suggests, praising children’s talents and abilities seems to shake their confidence.”可知，正如实验所表明的那样，表扬孩子的天赋和能力似乎动摇了他们的信心。所以孩子们做拼图的例子说明了过分地表扬反倒会动摇了他们的积极性和信心。故选D。 4．段落大意题。根据“Allowing children to make mistakes is one of the greatest challenges of parenting...risk for our children.”可知，允许孩子犯错是养育子女的最大挑战之一。他们年轻的时候比较容易，潜在的错误会带来更大的风险，为人父母的一部分是降低孩子的风险。所以本段告诉大家家长应该允许孩子在错误中学习成长。故选D。 With numbers of books and courses helping us develop self-discipline(自律), it seems quite obvious that self-discipline is highly valued. However, this may overstate the importance of being self-disciplined and make people worried. People with such worries are likely to push themselves harder and harder. Once their energy is burned out or their willpower breaks down, they will feel upset. In fact, being self-disciplined isn’t about leading a restrictive(约束的)lifestyle. Although it seems to be usually connected with self-control and willpower, it still has to be based on respect for one’s own free will and effective methods. Some people are caught in a “self-discipline trap(陷阱)” where they always work hard, and mistakes, failure and laziness are not allowed. Is this really the way we can improve ourselves, or is it a way to make things worse? Even though staying self-disciplined is beneficial for self-improvement, it’s never something everyone must do in life. How can we avoid being over self-restrained? Here are some ideas. Follow your own energy flow and limit. Going against it may produce unpleasant results. For example, sleeping for five hours and then forcing yourself to get up for a morning run. The harm caused by not getting enough sleep may outweigh the good brought by running. Follow your own heart. Information on the Internet has created a hidden competitive environment where many good examples lead the trends(潮流). People who see these are more likely to follow. Listen to your own voice instead of others. Think and decide whether it is what you truly want. Change your goals and expectations. Some who are over self-restrained may set unrealistic goals and expectations. They may never stop until it’s perfect, even though nothing could really be perfect. For example, losing 10 pounds in a week. It then easily goes into an unhealthy cycle where they always set goals but never reach them. Work smart instead of working hard. We might all have ever been stuck in a situation where, no matter how much effort we’ve made, the progress is slow. Have you found better ways to do it instead of just trying harder? For example, if I have a goal of learning 20 new words each day, I might follow the Forgetting Curve(遗忘曲线)to do it more effectively. 1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The meaning of self-discipline. B．The ways to develop self-discipline. C．The effects of being self-disciplined. D．The reason for being self-disciplined. 2．To avoid being over self-restrained, we should ________. A．consider other people’s advice B．follow good examples on the Internet C．set up achievable goals and expectations D．raise our energy limit to get good results 3．Why does the writer use the example of learning new words in the last paragraph? A．To stress the value of working hard. B．To explain how effort influences progress. C．To suggest a good way of learning a language. D．To show the importance of finding effective methods. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了过度自我约束的危害以及如何避免过度自我约束的方法。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段首句“being self-disciplined isn’t about leading a restrictive(约束的)lifestyle”和尾句“Even though staying self-disciplined is beneficial for self-improvement, it’s never something everyone must do in life.”可知，本段主要讲了自律的含义。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第五段“Listen to your own voice instead of others.”可知，为了避免过的自我约束，我们应该遵从本心，A、B选项错误；根据第六段“Some who are over self-restrained may set unrealistic goals and expectations.”可知，为了避免过度的自我约束，我们应该设定恰当的目标和期望，C选项正确；根据第四段“Follow your own energy flow and limit. Going against it may produce unpleasant results”可知，D选项提升能力极限是错误的。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Have you found better ways to do it instead of just trying harder?”可知，找到合适的方法比努力工作更重要。根据“I might follow the Forgetting Curve(遗忘曲线)to do it more effectively”可知，作者想通过这个例子说明有效的方法很重要。故选D。 Life can be wonderful, but in reality, it isn’t always so, no matter how hard you try. Some good things may happen completely by chance, but it mostly depends on the effort you put in. And what about bad things? The fact of living means you’ll go through hard times, you won’t always get what you want, and you’ll need resilience to get through it. Resilience is the ability to adapt (适应) to difficult conditions in a positive way. Resilient people are those who can become stronger by dealing with adversity. But resilience is more than just “seeing the good side of things”. It involves, among other things, being able to effectively control our emotions. This will allow you to face and overcome difficult situations. Another great thing about resilience is that you’re not born with a limited ability for it. Instead it develops throughout your life as you interact with your environment. To improve your resilience, you need to know which factors (因素) influence it, both personal and environmental. That way, you can work on each factor and learn how to adapt to adversity in a positive way. First of all, you have to accept what has happened. Obviously, this doesn’t just happen immediately after an unlucky event. It’s a step-by-step process that comes with time and often, the help of an experienced expert. Next, it’s important to be able to see the good side of the situation. In other words, be positive—just don’t forget to be realistic. You shouldn’t just focus on the negative things and forget about the positive, but you also shouldn’t raise the positive to an impossible level. Lastly, having a sense of humor can help to improve your resilience hugely. Being able to laugh at yourself or the situation is a worthwhile tool that helps you adapt to different adversities. On top of personal factors, there are also environmental factors that influence your ability to improve your resilience. When you’re going through a difficult situation, having specialized help can speed up the process of adaptation. Your social support system makes a difference as well. Being able to depend on your family, partners, and friends is an invaluable resource. It’s important to keep all these factors in mind when you’re presented with difficult conditions. It’s normal to struggle (挣扎) at first, but nobody is born knowing how to adapt. The key is to know which tools to use to improve your resilience and grow from everything you’ve been through. As a result, you can get up again when you fall! 1．You most probably need resilience when ________ A．you get the chance to perform in a school play B．you come back from a trip with your classmates C．you receive a postcard from your sister in the UK D．you try to make up for your mistake in a soccer game 2．The underlined word “adversity” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”. A．unimportant matters B．powerful emotions C．unpleasant situations D．different relationships 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Controlling our emotions is required to go through difficult times. B．Specialized help is a lasting resource for our family and friends. C．Being positive lets us focus on the good side and forget the bad side. D．Laughing at ourselves enables us to improve the sense of humor hugely. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To encourage us to improve resilience by using proper tools. B．To compare personal and environmental factors of resilience. C．To tell the meaning of resilience and its influence on teenagers. D．To show us some possibilities created by improving resilience. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了人们遇到困难时需要有韧性，也介绍了影响韧性的因素以及如何发展我们的韧性。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段的“The fact of living means you’ll go through hard times, you won’t always get what you want, and you’ll need resilience to get through it.”可知生活的事实意味着你会经历艰难的时期，你不会总是得到你想要的，你需要韧性来度过它。选项D“你试图在足球比赛中弥补你的错误”符合。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Resilience is the ability to adapt (适应) to difficult conditions in a positive way. Resilient people are those who can become stronger by dealing with adversity. ”可知韧性是以积极的方式适应困难条件的能力。有韧性的人是那些可以通过应对……变得更强大的人。由此可推知是指不好的，困难的处境。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段的“It involves, among other things, being able to effectively control our emotions. This will allow you to face and overcome difficult situations. ”可知除其他外，它涉及能够有效控制我们的情绪。这将使您能够面对和克服困难的情况。因此选项A“控制我们的情绪是度过困难时期所必需的”符合。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，主要介绍了人们遇到困难时需要有韧性，也介绍了影响韧性的因素以及如何发展我们的韧性。选项A“鼓励我们使用适当的方法提高韧性”符合。故选A。 Do you know the proverb “no pains, no gains”? It gives the impression that we ought to be suffering while we study. It seems that the only way to know if we’re putting in enough work is how much hardship we bear. We are totally taken up with study, shutting ourselves away for a big exam. Is that necessarily true? When we haven’t taken the time to come up with another idea, we just shut ourselves in a room with a book. It’s no surprise that we find revision boring and difficult. Just as children learn from playing, we can learn from doing, or at least from study techniques that interest us, rather than make us switch off. Shutting ourselves away can make us learn to hate studying, leading to a situation where, instead of being able to concentrate on our work, we are troubled by how unfair it is that we must study. This can be part of a vicious(恶性的) cycle that traps us into ineffective revision, or poor progress fueling(增加) further annoyance. Thankfully, working in the company of other people really helps fight against that. We just need to learn how to deal with distractions(分心). It’s not necessary to avoid all company, just lazy company. They constantly try to keep others in conversation. While studying in the same room with someone who is ironing or working out is perfectly possible. Of course, it’s also a good idea to avoid the company of people involved in activities where you would rather be playing than studying. Working while sitting next to someone playing video games is most likely to end with a new high score game rather than productive revision. If being around others means working in a noisy environment, a pair of headphones and some background music can block out noises. They also act as a psychological barrier, so that people think twice before interrupting you. Besides, we should know friends and family can lessen feelings of isolation. And connecting with other people makes us happy, so it’s important not to give that up and to make sure that we take the time to socialize. 1．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A．Good ideas are needed in terms of progress. B．Ways that interest us can lead to effective revision. C．Shutting ourselves away can help concentrate on work. D．Revision is interesting and easy with study techniques for certain. 2．According to Paragraph 3, the writer probably agrees that ________. A．one should learn from certain activities that interest us B．playing video games is helpful for an effective study C．one shouldn’t study with the company of a video player D．the more time one spends in playing games, the higher test scores one will get 3．In the writer’s opinion, if you study in a noisy environment, you should ________. A．spend no time socializing B．give up others’ company at once C．give signs of not wanting to be interrupted D．force yourself to be used to the environment 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To introduce an effective studying means. B．To encourage us to work as hard as possible. C．To remind us to balance activities and study. D．To discuss the importance of family company. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章对习语“no pains, no gains”提出质疑，并认为积极的话语和积极的行为会给人们带来积极的影响，从而产生良好的学习效果。 1．推理判断题。根据“Just as children learn from playing, we can learn from doing, or at least from study techniques that interest us, rather than make us switch off.”可知，就像孩子们从玩耍中学习一样，我们也可以从实践中学习，或者至少从我们感兴趣的学习技巧中学习，而不是让我们停止学习。由此推知让我们感兴趣的方法可以导致有效的复习，故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据“Working while sitting next to someone playing video games is most likely to end with a new high score game rather than productive revision.”可知，坐在玩电子游戏的人旁边工作时，最有可能以一个新的高分游戏而不是富有成效的复习结束。所以作者不建议在游戏等令人分心的事情的陪伴下学习，故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“If being around others means working in a noisy environment, a pair of headphones and some background music can block out noises. They also act as a psychological barrier, so that people think twice before interrupting you.”可知，如果和其他人在一起意味着在嘈杂的环境中工作，一副耳机和一些背景音乐可以屏蔽噪音。 它们也起到了心理障碍的作用，所以人们在打断你之前会三思。所以在作者看来，如果你在一个嘈杂的环境中学习，你应该表现出不希望被打扰的迹象，故选C。 4．主旨大意题。本文对习语“no pains, no gains”提出质疑，并认为积极的话语和积极的行为会给人们带来积极的影响，从而产生良好的学习效果。选项A“介绍一种有效的学习手段”符合主题，故选A。 Lunch or Junk? It’s lunch time at Hall Memorial School in Connecticut, and 10-year-old Haley is making her way through the food line. Many of her friends are pleased with the day’s lunch selections: pizza and French fries and hot dogs. But Haley feels discouraged. “I use four or five napkins just trying to get the grease off the pizza,” she says. “Where are the healthy choices?” Health experts are asking the same question. They say foods high in fat, salt, and sugar should be banned from school lunch programs. This includes some items you might not suspect (怀疑), like fruit punch, which is loaded with sugar, and macaroni and cheese, which is sky-high in fat and salt. “Children are already having too much junk food,” says Jen Keller, a dietitian at the Physician’s Committee for Responsible Medicine. “It’s important to offer them only healthy items in school.” It’s not that health experts want to take foods kids like best from them. They just want to help kids avoid many of the health problems that come with eating large quantities of unhealthy food. Today, 15 percent of children ages 6 to 11 are obese, or seriously overweight. That’s up from just 6. 5 percent in the late 1970s. Poor diet and obesity can cause diseases like type-2 diabetes (糖尿病), which can lead to blindness and kidney problems. As of a few years ago, this disease didn’t happen so often to children that it was called “adult onset diabetes.” “Many foods that are offered in cafeterias (自助食堂) are linked to these problems,” Keller says. Most schools do offer some healthful foods, but experts say that doesn’t solve the problem. “Given a choice, most kids are going to choose junk over something healthy,” says Pat Thorton, a psychologist who studies obesity in children. Thorton and other experts agree that schools and parents need to educate kids about making good food choices, both in and out of school. For example, few kids understand that many popular candies, chips, and sodas come in containers (容器) that actually have two or even three servings. And kids need to become skeptical about food advertisements they see on TV and in magazines. “Just because Beyonce sells Pepsi doesn’t mean it’s a good product for your body,” Thorton says. Of course some kids already seem to know all of this. “The junk food is tempting (引诱),” says 10-year-old Tim. “But my parents tell me that if I eat healthy now, I’ll have strong bones when I get older. “ 1．The underlined words “be banned from” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”. A．not be allowed in B．be changed into C．be served in D．not be 2．According to the passage, who should be responsible for kids’ good food choices? A．Schools and experts. B．Parents and cooks. C．Doctors and parents. D．Schools and parents. 3．Why does the writer write this passage? A．To discuss students’ favorite meal. B．To educate you about eating healthy. C．To teach you about the life in school. D．To introduce some diseases aused by unhealthy food. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了一些学校的午餐为学生提供、炸薯条和热狗，这些垃圾食品能够吸引大部分学生，但是很不健康；告诉学校和家长：要教育学生在饮食上选择健康的食物，注意健康饮食。 1．词句猜测题。根据后文“Children are already having too much junk food”和“It’s important to offer them only healthy items in school.”可知，高脂肪、高盐和高糖的食物是不健康的，所以应该被禁止，划线词汇表示“被禁止”与A项“不允许进入”意思相近。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Thorton and other experts agree that schools and parents need to educate kids about making good food choices, both in and out of school.”可知，学校和家长应该为孩子的良好食物选择负责，故选D。 3．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了一些学校的午餐为学生提供、炸薯条和热狗，这些垃圾食品能够吸引大部分学生，但是很不健康；告诉学校和家长：要教育学生在饮食上选择健康的食物，注意健康饮食。故选B。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 阅读理解之议论文15篇 （北京专用） 内容导航 内容速递 中考真题练习 中考模拟练习 内容速递 本资料共15篇专项训练 中考真题练习 聚焦真题 明确考点 各地市联考真题练习 专注模拟 争夺高分 中考真题练习 People are talking a lot about artificial intelligence (AI), viewing it as a force that could reshape how society works. But there is something important missing from this discussion. It isn’t enough to ask how it will change us. We also need to understand how we shape AI and what it can tell us about ourselves. Every AI model we develop mirrors our rules and expresses our beliefs. A few years ago, while looking for new workers, a famous company gave up an AI-powered tool after finding it unfavorable to women. The AI was not designed to behave this way, instead, it was influenced by the historical data (数据) favoring men. Similarly, a recent study found that lending algorithms (算法) often offer less favorable terms to colored people, worsening long-standing unfairness in money-lending business. In both cases, AI isn’t creating new biases (偏见), it is mirroring the ones that are already present. These reflections (反映) give us an important chance to take a close look at ourselves. By making these problems seen and more pressing, AI challenges us to recognize and address what causes algorithmic bias. As AI continues to develop, we must ask ourselves how we as average people want to shape its role in society. We should not only improve AI models, but also make sure that AI is developed and used responsibly. A number of companies are already taking action. They are judging the data, rules, and beliefs that shape the behavior of AI models. Still, we cannot expect the companies to do all the work. As long as AI is trained on human data, it will reflect human behavior. That means we have to think carefully about the footprints of ourselves we leave in the world. I may value privacy, but if I give it up in a heartbeat to visit a website, the algorithms may make a very different judgment of what I really want and what is good for me. If I want meaningful human connections yet spend more time on social media and less time in the physical company of my friends, I am indirectly training AI models about the true nature of humanity. As AI becomes more powerful, we need to take increasing care to read our principles (原则) into the record of our actions rather than allowing the two to diverge. Recognizing this allows us to make better decisions, but only when we are prepared to look closely and take responsibility for what we see. 1．Why does the writer introduce the two examples in Paragraph 2? A．To suggest a solution. B．To stress a difference. C．To challenge a practice. D．To support a viewpoint. 2．What does the word “diverge” in the last paragraph most probably mean? A．Improve. B．Appear. C．Separate. D．Repeat. 3．According to the passage, what is a good example of shaping AI responsibility? A．Guarding one’s privacy against AI models. B．Being mindful of our feeds into AI models. C．Training algorithms to favor the latest data. D．Designing algorithms to deal with unfairness. 4．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．AI Isn’t the Problem; We Are B．AI: A Tool to Reshape Our Society C．More Open algorithms for Better AI? D．Building Trust in Human-AI Relationships 中考模拟真题练习 On social media, have you seen book fans share pictures of cool books and nice reading spaces? In real life, have you seen people reading at coffee shops or on public transport? Before you start to wonder whether they are really reading the books, there is already a term for this: “performative reading”. People have joked that these individuals (个人) are making books “a symbol of hotness” or something to be worn with “a good outfit”, said The Week. This attitude goes back to 2021, when a hashtag (标签) community on TikTok called “BookTok” grew into a place where popular books became trendy (潮流的) items. Algorithms (算法) on social media push the trend further, as they mostly reward what looks good, like eye-catching covers and coffee cups in a city cafe, noted NBC News. “Performative reading” also made some people who really love reading feel uncomfortable. Alaina Demopoulos, a daily features writer for the Guardian, shared her story that when she tried to read alone in a crowd to enjoy a lovely evening, two young girls laughed at her, making her feel stressed. On social media, readers spoke out that “there’s no such thing as ‘performative reading’.” Some young people even argue that the so-called “performance” doesn’t take away from the real joy of reading. Selwa Khan, a university graduate who enjoys sharing her reads on social media, feels it’s common to “aestheticize our hobbies”. “I think social media makes everybody perform, whether they accept it or not,” she told NBC News. “I’ve seen for years posts on... all these platforms of titles that are ‘performative’, which always happen to be titles that I really enjoy,” Khan added. Today, as many of us rely heavily on short videos, making it hard to read even a whole book, does it really matter if someone “appears” to be reading? Jafei Pollitt, a regular reader who jokingly responded to this idea online, said that even pretending (假装) to read can encourage someone to start reading. It’s a little bit of “fake (假装) it until you make it.” You can start off wanting to read for the aesthetics, but eventually you might involve yourself in the book… she told NBC News. 1．According to the text, what is“performative reading” mainly about? A．Reading books aloud as a performance. B．Reading books carefully in public places. C．Sharing reading notes on social media platforms. D．Treating reading as fashion or a way to be noticed. 2．The word “aestheticize” in paragraph 5 is close in meaning to ________. A．make something easier to understand. B．make something more popular online. C．make something look beautiful or pleasing. D．make something more expensive and uncommon. 3．What possible benefit does“performative reading” have, according to Jafei Pollitt? A．It makes reading look cool online. B．It greatly improves reading speed. C．It helps people choose better books. D．It may turn fake reading into a real love of reading. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing the passage? A．To show why cafes are perfect for reading. B．To advise people to avoid performative reading. C．To explore opinions on the“performative reading” topic. D．To compare different social-media platforms for readers. Have you ever been to a big city that uses plenty of electric cars instead of traditional gas-powered cars? The difference is quite obvious. For example, you can chat on the sidewalk without raising your voice over traffic noise or feeling uncomfortable from car smoke. We are starting to use less fossil fuels (化石燃料). The more a society stops using internal combustion engines (内燃机), the better it improves locals’ lives by reducing air and noise pollution. Burning less fossil fuel means less carbon is released into the air, which helps slow down human-caused climate change. Now, the big question is: what kind of vehicle will become the car of the future? There are two main types of clean cars competing to be the best: electric vehicles (EVs) and hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles (FCVs). Electric vehicles run on rechargeable (可再充电的) lithium-ion batteries. Hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles depend on the hydrogen stored in a tank (储氢罐) and transform it into electricity. Both types of cars run quietly and produce almost no harmful waste gases. Which one is better? That’s still being debated. EVs are cheaper and more convenient due to their supportive infrastructure (基础设施). FCVs can travel farther, and their hydrogen tanks can be refilled much faster than EV batteries can be recharged. However, both have big challenges. Making EV batteries requires a lot of energy, often from fossil fuels, and recycling old batteries is still difficult. For hydrogen cars, producing and storing hydrogen is expensive and consumes a lot of energy. Car companies have different views about which technology is better. Spokespeople for Toyota, Hyundai, and BMW have claimed that hydrogen has superior long-term potential in many areas and could even replace both traditional cars and EVs. However, the CEOs of Tesla and Volkswagen have publicly criticized the idea of using hydrogen in cars. Tesla’s Elon Musk has gone so far as to call fuel cells “fool cells.” So, will either one really work? It’s still hard to tell which type of car will rule the roads in the future. But most people hope at least one will become the new standard. Many of us will be glad to see the noise and air pollution from traditional cars become a thing of the past. 1．Why does the writer mention the example in Para. 1? A．To suggest a solution for using gas-powered cars. B．To list the advantages of living in big modern cities. C．To stress the difference electric cars make in our daily life. D．To support the viewpoint that cities are becoming quieter. 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．The debate about the better clean car will last for a long time. B．Traditional gas-powered cars will disappear in the near future. C．People have already found the best way to recycle EV batteries. D．FCVs are better than EVs because they can travel a longer distance. 3．The underlined word “consumes” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”. A．saves up B．uses up C．turns into D．gives off 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．The End of Traditional Gas-powered Cars B．EVs vs FCVs: Which Will Be the Future Car? C．How Clean Cars Help Slow Down Climate Change D．The Challenges of Producing New Energy Cars A popular saying goes, “Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.” However, that’s not really true. Words carry a weight far beyond physical effect—they have the power to build us up into confidence, or tear us down into self-doubting shadows. Whether these words come from a stranger’s casual comment , a loved one’s thoughtless remark , or our own self- talk , their effects are just as lasting. We all talk to ourselves sometimes, though many of us hide this habit out of embarrassment. In reality, this internal dialogue is a natural and even healthy part of human cognition—experts increasingly recognize that vocal self- talk improves focus, memory, and problem-solving. Be aware, though, that as much as 77% of self-talk tends to be negative. We scold ourselves for small mistakes, or dismiss (忽视) our achievements. This negative self-talk gradually destroys self-respect slowly but surely. So in order to stay positive, we must consciously practice positive self-affirmation. Celebrate the small wins—finishing a work task, acing a quiz, or even just getting out of bed on a hard day—with a sincere “Good job’” Equally important is the effect of the words we speak to others. Too often, we let words slip out without considering their weight: a critical comment that destroys, or a thoughtless remark that dismisses someone’s feelings. Yet language is a tool of connection or division. A warm “Thank you for your help” can brighten a stranger’s day and strengthen a relationship. Conversely, harsh (刻薄的) words leave scars that may never fully heal. For example, when returning an item to a store, we might use warm, friendly language during the exchange. And the clerk will probably answer in a similar manner. Our words are catching— kindness brings out kindness, while negativity fuels conflict. The lasting power of words is why we often regret things we’ve said in anger or hurry, and why unkind words spoken to us in childhood can still keep coming to our mind as adults. Before speaking, we should pause and ask three simple questions: Is it true? Is it kind? Is it necessary? If the answer to any of these is “no”, the words are better left unsaid. Words have enormous power: both positive and negative. Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively. We can offer hope, build self-respect and motivate others to do their best. Negative words destroy all those things. Will we use our words to hurt or to heal? The choice is ours. 1．What is Paragraph 1 mainly talking about? A．Words have a lasting effect on us. B．Positive words can give us confidence. C．A popular saying about words is not true. D．Words’ effects are more lasting than physical ones. 2．What is the word “self-affirmation” in Paragraph 2 closest in meaning to? A．The act of exploring one’s own talent. B．The act of improving one’s own habits. C．The act of recognizing one’s own worth. D．The act of learning one’s own weaknesses. 3．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To compare self- talk and words to others. B．To explain why negative words are common. C．To encourage readers to use words in a positive way. D．To describe how self-talk affects people’s confidence. 4．Which of the following would be the best title of the passage? A．The Power of Words B．The Reach of Words C．The Spread of Words D．The Warmth of Words The Rise of EdTech: A New Way to Learn The way we learn is changing rapidly. In recent years, Educational Technology, or “EdTech” for short, has become a powerful force in classrooms and homes around the world. From interactive apps to online courses, technology promises to make learning more engaging and personalized. But is this shift entirely positive? Many educators and students are beginning to ask important questions about the role of technology in education. EdTech offers many exciting benefits. For example, language learning apps can offer instant feedback on pronunciation, and online platforms can provide thousands of courses on everything from coding to art history. This allows students to learn at their own pace and explore their unique interests. It can also make quality education more accessible to people in remote areas. However, some challenges come with these new tools. Critics (批评者) worry that too much screen time can reduce students’ attention spans and make it harder for them to focus on traditional learning. There is also a concern that the constant use of algorithms(算法) to personalize books might create “filter bubbles,” where students only see information that matches their current level and interests, limiting their exposure to new and challenging ideas. Moreover, not every student has equal access to the latest devices and a fast Internet connection, which could widen the gap between the rich and the poor. The key, many experts argue, is balance. Technology should be a tool to support learning, not replace fundamental skills like critical thinking and deep reading. Just as a calculator(计算器) helps with math but doesn’t teach us how to think logically, EdTech should assist, not control, the learning process. The most successful classrooms of the future will likely be those that mix the best of traditional teaching with the most effective new technologies, ensuring that students develop both digital literacy and essential human skills. 1．What is one main advantage of EdTech mentioned in the passage? A．It makes teachers less necessary. B．It completely replaces traditional textbooks. C．It allows students to learn at their own pace. D．It ensures all students get the same information. 2．What is the “filter bubble” effect in personalized learning? A．It protects students from harmful online content. B．It makes learning apps run faster on old devices. C．It helps teachers track students’ progress more easily. D．It limits the information and challenges students come across. 3．What does the underlined word “balance” in the last paragraph most probably mean? A．Finding a healthy mix of different elements. B．Sticking strictly to traditional methods. C．Focusing only on new technology. D．Letting students choose their preferred way of learning. 4．What is the author’s main purpose in writing this article? A．To encourage a wise way of using EdTech. B．To encourage schools to buy the latest EdTech products. C．To explain why traditional learning methods are outdated. D．To warn against the dangers of using technology in education. As AI becomes more popular in education, some argue that AI expands (扩大) creative potential (潜力), while others fear it prevents originality (独创性). One of the biggest concerns about AI in education is that it can discourage deep thinking. Since AI generates (产生) content based on existing (现存的) data, students who over-rely on (依赖) it may produce work that has no originality. Over time, relying too heavily on AI could weaken critical thinking skills and may even make students lose confidence in their own creative abilities. On the other hand, AI can be a powerful tool for expanding creative potential. One of AI’s greatest strengths is its ability to generate new ideas. When students face creative blocks, AI can provide prompts (提示) or suggest new ideas that they might not have considered. One study examined 225 university students who were assigned a creative writing task. Half used AI for assistance (帮助), while the other half worked without AI. One of the key findings was that students who used AI produced more creative outputs compared to those who didn’t. AI helped students explore new ideas, refine their writing, and experiment with new structures or concepts. They also found that it reduced the difficulty and effort required for creative tasks. Having AI assist them made the process smoother and easier. However, while AI improved the quality of creative work, it also diminished the value and enjoyment of the creative process itself. Many students reported feeling less engaged (专注的) or emotionally connected to their work when AI was heavily involved (参与的). Moreover, some students felt uneasy about relying on AI for creative tasks, questioning whether AI-generated assistance was a form of “cheating” or if it was weakening their personal effort. For AI to be a part of education, it should be a thinking partner, not just a tool for quick solutions. Teachers can encourage students to engage in a back-and-forth dialogue with AI, for example, by refining ideas and challenging responses, rather than simply copying AI-generated content. Focus on the creative process, not the final product. Creativity isn’t just about the end result-it’s about the personal journey of exploration, struggle, and discovery. Teachers could require students to take down their brainstorming process, showing how they used AI and how it influenced their work. Students need to understand how AI works, its biases, and its limitations and ensure they engage with AI in a responsible and meaningful way. AI has the potential to both hinder (阻碍) and raise creativity, depending on how it is used. The key is responsible and intentional use. AI should support students, not replace their creative efforts. By teaching students how to use AI as a tool, we can ensure that AI empowers the next generation of creative thinkers instead of limiting their potential. 1．What is the study mainly about? A．Reasons for students to use AI. B．AI’s working process for helping creativity. C．AI’s influence on students’ creativity. D．Difficulties students face when using AI. 2．What does the word “diminished” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Lowered. B．Raised. C．Cleared. D．Deepened. 3．What will the writer probably agree with? A．AI can’t help students to be more creative. B．Students shouldn’t use AI because it’s a form of “cheating”. C．Students should be taught to use AI wisely and responsibly. D．Using AI to find quick solutions is more important than focusing on process. 4．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．Why Does AI Raise Your Creativity? B．Does AI Harm Students' Creativity? C．Is It Important to Find the Potential of AI? D．How Can AI Create Original Work? We live in a culture that treats mistakes as both unavoidable and unacceptable. On one hand, we are told again and again that mistakes are our teachers. On the other hand, we carry the weight of each misstep as if it should never have happened. No matter how we view mistakes, the unspoken rule is that the goal remains the same: avoid mistakes at all costs. But what if the very thing we call a mistake isn’t one at all? You planned carefully, acted honestly, and made thoughtful choices. Yet the result looked different from what you imagined. It is natural to call it a mistake. But what if it was simply an outcome, neither right nor wrong, just reality moving in a direction you did not expect? For example, someone accepted a meaningful job. Later, the company restructured (重组) and the position disappeared. Did he make a wrong decision? If we call every difference from expectation a mistake, we lose the ability to accept uncertainty as part of the process. There is an important difference between negligence and uncertainty. Negligence, paying no attention to facts, missing warnings, or failing to act with care, can and should be called a mistake. But uncertainty, no matter how uncomfortable, is not. It’s simply the reality we live with. When we learn to separate true mistakes from unavoidable outcomes, we allow ourselves to walk more freely, act with courage, and experiment without carrying the weight of unnecessary regret. This does not mean you can take things lightly. We should plan carefully, consider possible outcomes, and act responsibly. But once we have done so, we must also accept that the results may not correspond to the picture we painted in our minds. Sometimes it is just life, moving us into places we did not expect but might need to be. I can think of moments in my own life when an opportunity (机会) I worked for with full effort did not materialize. At the time, it felt like a mistake. But looking back, those moments turned out to be turning points, redirecting my time and energy toward spaces I would never have explored otherwise. What felt like mistakes was in fact redirection. Only when we do not treat the absence of a hoped-for outcome as a mistake, can we start opening our minds to unexpected opportunities that appear when things don’t go as planned. And maybe the lesson is not just to learn from mistakes, but to learn which things were never mistakes in the first place. 1．Why does the writer use the example in Paragraph 2? A．To prove that mistakes are hard to avoid. B．To encourage careful thought before acting. C．To explain that uncertainty is normal in life. D．To stress the importance of making good decisions. 2．The words “correspond to” in Paragraph 4 probably mean “________”. A．depend on B．center on C．connect with D．agree with 3．Which of the following would the writer most probably support? A．Mistakes usually result from poor preparation. B．Acting carefully is the key to reducing uncertainty. C．Our view on unexpected outcomes shapes our growth. D．Avoiding mistakes matters more than exploring new experiences. 4．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．What Can We Learn From a Mistake? B．When Is a Mistake Really a Mistake? C．Why Are Mistakes Unacceptable? D．How Can We Avoid Mistakes? How AI will transform education is very important to schools such as mine, teachers such as me, and hardworking care-givers such as the parents in my community. Could AI teach our children to grasp new concepts and skills? Might AI be better equipped to help them use their own intelligence? Human intelligence is different from the computer’s. For one, human intelligence cannot be measured. The brain is plastic (可塑的), always developing and growing as we learn from our environments. In addition, human intelligence depends on human interaction; exercising our intelligence is something we do naturally as we connect with others, consider the world around us and seek to improve our relationship to that world. In education, there has been a movement toward social-emotional and problem-based learning. So educators try to encourage interest in subjects and skills by turning learning moments into communal (共有的) problem-solving events. When we combine analytical (分析的) learning with social-emotional learning, students master the material we want them to know and get more excited about the learning process. However, using AI looks different from this. AI learning often involves an individual working alone with a computer program. It can crowd source information to help students find facts about their environment, solve a problem and come up with a creative way forward. But AI doesn’t force students to think through or keep anything. And simply being fed facts and information is not the same as “learning”. It is fascinating to imagine that AI might cure what annoys us. Many parents don’t have the resources—in time, money or energy—to teach their kids at home. If AI could fill the gaps, how great, right? Yet the nature of AI “teaching” as it currently exists means that many students may simply level up without “learning”—an in-depth engagement that sparks their curiosity to learn more. Maybe it’s time to rethink about how we can shape AI learning in the way of involving students in the true learning process where the growth of their intelligence is not just to be expected but to be gauged (衡量). Probably in this way will AI be able to teach better. 1．What do we know about human intelligence according to Paragraph 2? A．It is measured easily. B．It is of no importance. C．It can do without education. D．It is changeable and interactive. 2．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．AI learning should be widely used and relied on at school. B．AI learning helps develop students’ intelligence greatly. C．AI learning makes a huge difference to education worldwide. D．AI learning is expected to help with students’ true learning. 3．What can be a suitable title for the passage? A．Can AI be Better Used to Teach Students? B．Should Students Use AI Frequently? C．How Do Students Use AI in Their Study? D．How Do Teachers Interact with Students? The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally done by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat (甜食), selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to get a second treat and various forms of success. As adults, in fact, we face “the marshmallow test” every day. We’re not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets—all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers. We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed an ability to respond to these treats that reflected their value—a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, greatly reducing the cost and effort involved in getting calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist (抑制) tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat. A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative (发展的) environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a system that prized new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now constantly bombarded (轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our intake of calories, we also need to be more thoughtful about our intake of information, and refuse to accept the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively. 1．According to Paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ______. A．the calorie-poor world and our own desire for food B．the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs C．the food-rich world and our unchanged brains D．the attractive foods and our efforts to keep fit 2．What does the author suggest readers do? A．Use diverse information sources. B．Be selective consumers of information. C．Absorb new information readily. D．Protect the information environment. 3．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Later, the Better B．The Sad Truth about Early Humans C．Eat Less, Read More D．The Marshmallow Test for Adults You learned how to speak and understand speech during your first few years of life. No one taught you how to do this. Learning to read and write took a lot more effort. Reading doesn’t come naturally to people, but most of us have learned how. Literacy (读写能力) makes it possible to travel in a world filled with books, websites, text messages, road signs, and more. But the world of information is changing. Why send a long letter or text when you can share photos or videos instead? Why learn from a book when you can watch an instructional video or practice a skill in virtual reality (虚拟现实)? Why read magazines when you can listen to podcasts (播客)? Could a growing number of people take part in today’s world without reading or writing at all? Technology makes it possible. Most of our devices (设备) now talk to us. Smart virtual assistants listen for requests to report the weather, play a song, order goods, and much more. Software can also read text aloud or turn speech into text. These interactions (互动) aren’t perfect. The software still makes silly mistakes. But it’s getting better and better. It’s possible to imagine we’ll communicate with our devices and each other is spoken in the future. But reading and writing are powerful tools. For one, most people read faster than they speak. A podcaster or audiobook teller speaks at around 150 to 160 words per minute, while a strong reader can look through a text at 300 to 400 words per minute. That’s twice as fast! Research has also found that people remember more information and stay more interested when they are reading. Learning to read also creates new connections in the brain. In her book Proust and the Squid: The Story and Science of the Reading Brain, Maryanne Wolf writes that with the invention of reading, human beings “rearranged the very organization of our brain, which in turn developed the ways we were able to think, which changed the intellectual evolution (进化) of humans.” Would you really choose to give up that progress? What do you think? Do you hope people keep on reading and writing, or will technology make reading no longer needed? 1．What can we learn from Para. 1? A．Reading and writing are natural skills. B．It is easy to learn to read and write. C．Literacy is very important in daily lives. D．Most people learn reading by themselves. 2．Why does the writer mention the three questions in Para. 2? A．To offer a new way to improve reading and writing skills. B．To ask readers to offer their answers to these questions. C．To show the writer has many questions about the topic. D．To show the change in the ways of getting information . 3．Which of the following supports the statement “reading and writing are powerful tools”? ①Most people read faster than they speak. ②People stay more interested when they read. ③Learning to read improves the way we think. ④People can understand texts better when reading. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 4．Which of the following might the writer agree with? A．Reading and writing will be of no use soon. B．People shouldn’t give up reading and writing. C．Technology will rearrange human’s brain. D．Virtual reality will take the place of books. Being Authoritative(权威的) Parents Phrases like “tiger mom” and “helicopter parent” have made their way into everyday language. Many of us find ourselves drawn to the idea that with just a bit more parental hard work and effort, we might turn out children with bright futures. But is there anything wrong with a kind of “overparenting style”? Parental involvement has a long history of being studied. Many of the studies, carried out by Diana Baumrind, a famous psychologist at the University of California, Berkeley, have found that a good parent is the one who is involved and reacts to her child in a positive way, who sets high expectations but gives her child independence. These “authoritative parents” appear to hit the sweet spot of parental involvement and generally raise children who do better academically, psychologically and socially than children whose parents are not strict and less involved, or controlling and more involved.Why is this parenting style so successful? Authoritative parents actually help improve motivation in their children Carol Daeck, a social phychologist at Stanford University, has done research that shows why authoritative parents raise mote motivated children. In a typical experiment, Dr. Dweck takes young children into a room and asks them to solve a simple puzzle. Most do so with little difficulty. But then Dr Dweck tells some, but not all, of the kids how clever they are. As it turns out, the children who are got told they’re smart are more motivated to solve increasingly difficulty puzzles. They also show higher levels of confidence and show greater progress in puzzle-solving. As the experiment suggests, praising children’s talents and abilities seems to shake their confidence. Dealing with more difficult puzzles carries the risk of losing one’s status as “smart”. Dr. Dweck’s work strongly supports that of Dr. Baumrind, who also found that reasonably supporting a child’s independence and limiting interference(干涉) causes better academic(学术的) and emotional results. The central task of growing up is to develop a sense of self that is independent and confident. If you treat your young child who is just learning to walk as if she can’t walk, you reduce her confidence. Allowing children to make mistakes is one of the greatest challenges of parenting. It is easier when they are young. The potential mistakes carry greater risks, and part of being a parent is reducing risk for our children. 1．According to the passage, a “tiger mom” ________. A．helps her children realize their dreams B．pays close attention to her children’s experiences C．places reasonable expectations on her children D．speaks her children’s everyday language 2．From the passage, we can know that controlling style of parenting may ________. A．cause more problems in children B．develop independence in children C．face more challenges of children D．lead to children’s academic success 3．The example of the children doing the puzzles suggests that ________. A．a good game plays a big role in training young minds B．bright children usually show less confidence in difficult games C．puzzle-solving can give children the motivation they need D．overpraising makes children less motivated and confident 4．The last paragraph tells us that ________. A．children should not be given much freedom B．parents should not increase the risk of challenging C．children should correct mistakes with the help of their parents D．parents should allow their children to learn from mistakes With numbers of books and courses helping us develop self-discipline(自律), it seems quite obvious that self-discipline is highly valued. However, this may overstate the importance of being self-disciplined and make people worried. People with such worries are likely to push themselves harder and harder. Once their energy is burned out or their willpower breaks down, they will feel upset. In fact, being self-disciplined isn’t about leading a restrictive(约束的)lifestyle. Although it seems to be usually connected with self-control and willpower, it still has to be based on respect for one’s own free will and effective methods. Some people are caught in a “self-discipline trap(陷阱)” where they always work hard, and mistakes, failure and laziness are not allowed. Is this really the way we can improve ourselves, or is it a way to make things worse? Even though staying self-disciplined is beneficial for self-improvement, it’s never something everyone must do in life. How can we avoid being over self-restrained? Here are some ideas. Follow your own energy flow and limit. Going against it may produce unpleasant results. For example, sleeping for five hours and then forcing yourself to get up for a morning run. The harm caused by not getting enough sleep may outweigh the good brought by running. Follow your own heart. Information on the Internet has created a hidden competitive environment where many good examples lead the trends(潮流). People who see these are more likely to follow. Listen to your own voice instead of others. Think and decide whether it is what you truly want. Change your goals and expectations. Some who are over self-restrained may set unrealistic goals and expectations. They may never stop until it’s perfect, even though nothing could really be perfect. For example, losing 10 pounds in a week. It then easily goes into an unhealthy cycle where they always set goals but never reach them. Work smart instead of working hard. We might all have ever been stuck in a situation where, no matter how much effort we’ve made, the progress is slow. Have you found better ways to do it instead of just trying harder? For example, if I have a goal of learning 20 new words each day, I might follow the Forgetting Curve(遗忘曲线)to do it more effectively. 1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The meaning of self-discipline. B．The ways to develop self-discipline. C．The effects of being self-disciplined. D．The reason for being self-disciplined. 2．To avoid being over self-restrained, we should ________. A．consider other people’s advice B．follow good examples on the Internet C．set up achievable goals and expectations D．raise our energy limit to get good results 3．Why does the writer use the example of learning new words in the last paragraph? A．To stress the value of working hard. B．To explain how effort influences progress. C．To suggest a good way of learning a language. D．To show the importance of finding effective methods. Life can be wonderful, but in reality, it isn’t always so, no matter how hard you try. Some good things may happen completely by chance, but it mostly depends on the effort you put in. And what about bad things? The fact of living means you’ll go through hard times, you won’t always get what you want, and you’ll need resilience to get through it. Resilience is the ability to adapt (适应) to difficult conditions in a positive way. Resilient people are those who can become stronger by dealing with adversity. But resilience is more than just “seeing the good side of things”. It involves, among other things, being able to effectively control our emotions. This will allow you to face and overcome difficult situations. Another great thing about resilience is that you’re not born with a limited ability for it. Instead it develops throughout your life as you interact with your environment. To improve your resilience, you need to know which factors (因素) influence it, both personal and environmental. That way, you can work on each factor and learn how to adapt to adversity in a positive way. First of all, you have to accept what has happened. Obviously, this doesn’t just happen immediately after an unlucky event. It’s a step-by-step process that comes with time and often, the help of an experienced expert. Next, it’s important to be able to see the good side of the situation. In other words, be positive—just don’t forget to be realistic. You shouldn’t just focus on the negative things and forget about the positive, but you also shouldn’t raise the positive to an impossible level. Lastly, having a sense of humor can help to improve your resilience hugely. Being able to laugh at yourself or the situation is a worthwhile tool that helps you adapt to different adversities. On top of personal factors, there are also environmental factors that influence your ability to improve your resilience. When you’re going through a difficult situation, having specialized help can speed up the process of adaptation. Your social support system makes a difference as well. Being able to depend on your family, partners, and friends is an invaluable resource. It’s important to keep all these factors in mind when you’re presented with difficult conditions. It’s normal to struggle (挣扎) at first, but nobody is born knowing how to adapt. The key is to know which tools to use to improve your resilience and grow from everything you’ve been through. As a result, you can get up again when you fall! 1．You most probably need resilience when ________ A．you get the chance to perform in a school play B．you come back from a trip with your classmates C．you receive a postcard from your sister in the UK D．you try to make up for your mistake in a soccer game 2．The underlined word “adversity” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”. A．unimportant matters B．powerful emotions C．unpleasant situations D．different relationships 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Controlling our emotions is required to go through difficult times. B．Specialized help is a lasting resource for our family and friends. C．Being positive lets us focus on the good side and forget the bad side. D．Laughing at ourselves enables us to improve the sense of humor hugely. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To encourage us to improve resilience by using proper tools. B．To compare personal and environmental factors of resilience. C．To tell the meaning of resilience and its influence on teenagers. D．To show us some possibilities created by improving resilience. Do you know the proverb “no pains, no gains”? It gives the impression that we ought to be suffering while we study. It seems that the only way to know if we’re putting in enough work is how much hardship we bear. We are totally taken up with study, shutting ourselves away for a big exam. Is that necessarily true? When we haven’t taken the time to come up with another idea, we just shut ourselves in a room with a book. It’s no surprise that we find revision boring and difficult. Just as children learn from playing, we can learn from doing, or at least from study techniques that interest us, rather than make us switch off. Shutting ourselves away can make us learn to hate studying, leading to a situation where, instead of being able to concentrate on our work, we are troubled by how unfair it is that we must study. This can be part of a vicious(恶性的) cycle that traps us into ineffective revision, or poor progress fueling(增加) further annoyance. Thankfully, working in the company of other people really helps fight against that. We just need to learn how to deal with distractions(分心). It’s not necessary to avoid all company, just lazy company. They constantly try to keep others in conversation. While studying in the same room with someone who is ironing or working out is perfectly possible. Of course, it’s also a good idea to avoid the company of people involved in activities where you would rather be playing than studying. Working while sitting next to someone playing video games is most likely to end with a new high score game rather than productive revision. If being around others means working in a noisy environment, a pair of headphones and some background music can block out noises. They also act as a psychological barrier, so that people think twice before interrupting you. Besides, we should know friends and family can lessen feelings of isolation. And connecting with other people makes us happy, so it’s important not to give that up and to make sure that we take the time to socialize. 1．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A．Good ideas are needed in terms of progress. B．Ways that interest us can lead to effective revision. C．Shutting ourselves away can help concentrate on work. D．Revision is interesting and easy with study techniques for certain. 2．According to Paragraph 3, the writer probably agrees that ________. A．one should learn from certain activities that interest us B．playing video games is helpful for an effective study C．one shouldn’t study with the company of a video player D．the more time one spends in playing games, the higher test scores one will get 3．In the writer’s opinion, if you study in a noisy environment, you should ________. A．spend no time socializing B．give up others’ company at once C．give signs of not wanting to be interrupted D．force yourself to be used to the environment 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To introduce an effective studying means. B．To encourage us to work as hard as possible. C．To remind us to balance activities and study. D．To discuss the importance of family company. Lunch or Junk? It’s lunch time at Hall Memorial School in Connecticut, and 10-year-old Haley is making her way through the food line. Many of her friends are pleased with the day’s lunch selections: pizza and French fries and hot dogs. But Haley feels discouraged. “I use four or five napkins just trying to get the grease off the pizza,” she says. “Where are the healthy choices?” Health experts are asking the same question. They say foods high in fat, salt, and sugar should be banned from school lunch programs. This includes some items you might not suspect (怀疑), like fruit punch, which is loaded with sugar, and macaroni and cheese, which is sky-high in fat and salt. “Children are already having too much junk food,” says Jen Keller, a dietitian at the Physician’s Committee for Responsible Medicine. “It’s important to offer them only healthy items in school.” It’s not that health experts want to take foods kids like best from them. They just want to help kids avoid many of the health problems that come with eating large quantities of unhealthy food. Today, 15 percent of children ages 6 to 11 are obese, or seriously overweight. That’s up from just 6. 5 percent in the late 1970s. Poor diet and obesity can cause diseases like type-2 diabetes (糖尿病), which can lead to blindness and kidney problems. As of a few years ago, this disease didn’t happen so often to children that it was called “adult onset diabetes.” “Many foods that are offered in cafeterias (自助食堂) are linked to these problems,” Keller says. Most schools do offer some healthful foods, but experts say that doesn’t solve the problem. “Given a choice, most kids are going to choose junk over something healthy,” says Pat Thorton, a psychologist who studies obesity in children. Thorton and other experts agree that schools and parents need to educate kids about making good food choices, both in and out of school. For example, few kids understand that many popular candies, chips, and sodas come in containers (容器) that actually have two or even three servings. And kids need to become skeptical about food advertisements they see on TV and in magazines. “Just because Beyonce sells Pepsi doesn’t mean it’s a good product for your body,” Thorton says. Of course some kids already seem to know all of this. “The junk food is tempting (引诱),” says 10-year-old Tim. “But my parents tell me that if I eat healthy now, I’ll have strong bones when I get older. “ 1．The underlined words “be banned from” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”. A．not be allowed in B．be changed into C．be served in D．not be 2．According to the passage, who should be responsible for kids’ good food choices? A．Schools and experts. B．Parents and cooks. C．Doctors and parents. D．Schools and parents. 3．Why does the writer write this passage? A．To discuss students’ favorite meal. B．To educate you about eating healthy. C．To teach you about the life in school. D．To introduce some diseases aused by unhealthy food. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $