Unit 3 Environmental Protection Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册

Discovering Useful Structures 新人教选择性必修三 Unit 3 Environmental Protection Learning Objectives To learn about the differences between direct speech and indirect speech; To understand the function of direct speech and indirect speech; To learn how to change a sentence from direct speech to indirect speech. Lead-in： What did Siana say? Direct speech Indirect speech Lead-in： What is the feature of the group of sentences? The teacher said, "The earth moves around the sun." The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun. Direct speech (直接引语) Indirect speech (间接引语) 直接引述别人的话 用自己的话转述他人的话 Lead-in： My mother said to me, "Don't make any noise." My mother told me not to make any noise. Direct Speech Indirect Speech The teacher said, "Light travels faster than sound." The teacher said that light travels faster than sound. Lead-in： 涵义 直接引语 (Direct Speech): 直接引用别人的原话，话语放在引号 (" ") 内。 例如: He said, "I am busy." (他说：“我很忙。”) 间接引语 (Indirect Speech): 用自己的话转述别人的意思，不需要引号，通常构成一个宾语从句。 例如: He said that he was busy. (他说他很忙。) 直接引语 & 间接引语 Lead-in： He said that he was very busy then. 2. He asked me if/whether I was a student. The man asked me where the post office was.. My mother told me not to make any noise. 1 He said, "I am very busy now." 2 He asked me, "Are you a student?“ 3 The man said to me, "Where is the post office?“ 4 My mother said to me, "Don't make any noise." Direct speech Indirect speech ◆特殊疑问句：objective clause ◆祈使句： verb + infinitive ◆No quotation marks “” ◆一般疑问句：if/whether Use past tense 直接引语 间接引语 时态的变化 人称的变化 1 2 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化 3 句型的变化 4 8 一. 人称变化 人称变化规律总结：“一随主、二随宾、第三人称不更新” 一主：直接引语中人称是第一人称（I/we）或被第一人称修饰，要与主句的主语保持一致。 二宾：直接引语中人称是第二人称（you）或被第二人称修饰，要与主句的宾语保持一致。 三不变:：直接引语中的人称是第三人称（he/she/they等）或被第三人称修饰，通常保持不变。 He said, "I am busy." → He said that he was busy. She said to Tom, "You are smart." → She told Tom that he was smart. He said to Kate, “How is your sister now?” → He asked Kate how her sister was then. She said, "They are late." → She said that they were late Observe and Discover： 一随主 She said, "I will go to Shanghai next week.“ → She said that she would go to Shanghai the next week. 二随宾 He said to Lily, “You must get up early. ” → He said to Lily that she must get up early. 三不变 The teacher said, "The earth moves around the sun.“ → The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun. Observe and Discover： 句型转换 （1）The teacher said, "We will have a test." → The teacher said that ______ would have a test. （2）I said to him, "Your idea is great."→ I told him that ______ idea was great. （3）Mom said to me, "Where are you going?"→ Mom asked me where ______ was going. （4） Jack said, "Tom is waiting for me."→ Jack said that Tom was waiting for ______. they I his him 如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态（如 said, told），间接引语中的时态通常要“倒退一步”。 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时    一般将来时 过去将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时   现在完成时 过去完成时 过去进行时 过去进行时（不变） 一般过去时 过去完成时 The boy said, "I did my homework yesterday.“ The boy said that he had done his homework the day before. 二. 时态的变化 12 Observe and Discover： 句型转换 1. She said, "I like apples."→ She said that she ______ apples. 2. He said, "I am reading a book now."→ He said that he ______ ______ a book then. 3. They said, "We will go to the park tomorrow."→ They said that they ______ ______ to the park the next day. 4. Tom said, "I have finished my homework."→ Tom said that he ______ ______ his homework. liked was reading had finished would go Observe and Discover： 5. She said, "I saw that movie yesterday."→ She said that she ______ that movie the day before. 6. He said, "They had already left when I arrived."→ He said that they ______ already ______ when he arrived. 7. He said, "I can swim."→ He said that he ______ swim. 8. The teacher said, "The sun rises in the east." (客观真理)→ The teacher said that the sun ______ in the east. 9. She said, "I must go now."→ She said that she ______ go then. 10. He said, "I was born in 1990." (具体过去时间)→ He said that he ______ ______ in 1990. had seen had rises could left was born must Ⅱ.直接引语 变成 间接引语时，以下情况，时态不变： 1.⏱️ 主句谓语动词非过去时 主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时时。 He says, “I didn't broke the window.” → He says that he didn't broke the window. He says, "I am busy." → He says that he is busy. 2.🌍 表述客观真理或自然现象 直接引语表述的是客观真理、自然现象、名言警句或习惯性动作时： The teacher said, "The earth moves around the sun." The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun. Wen Hui said, “I get up at six every morning。” →She said (that) she gets up at six every morning. 15 Ⅱ.直接引语 变成 间接引语时，以下情况，时态不变： 3.🗓️ 包含具体过去时间状语 当直接引语中包含明确的、具体的过去时间状语（如具体的年份、日期）时，时态通常保持不变。 He said, "I was born in 1990." → He said that he was born in 1990. 4.🤝 含特定情态动词 当直接引语中包含某些本身已是过去形式或没有过去形式的“情态动词”时，时态通常不变。（例：could, should, would, might） The doctor said, "You 'd better rest." → The doctor said I 'd better rest. He said, "She must be tired." → He said that she must be tired. She said, "He could swim." → She said that he could swim. 16 Ⅱ.直接引语 变成 间接引语时，以下情况，时态不变： 5. 🚀 原句已是过去完成时 当直接引语的时态已经是过去完成时 (Past Perfect) 时，因为时态已经“到底”，所以不再变化。 He said, "I had finished it." → He said that he had finished it. 6. 🗺️ 转述语境未改变 如果转述的内容在地点、时间上没有变化（例如，就地、当天转述），那么相关的状语和时态也可以保持不变。 He said: "You can have the ball game this afternoon." He said we can have the ball game this afternoon. 17 三. 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。 根据转述的语境，相应的时间、地点和指示词也需要调整。 ⏱️ 时间状语的变化 直接引语 (原话) 间接引语 (转述) 示例 now (现在) then (那时) "I'm busy now." → He said he was busy then. today (今天) that day (那天) "I saw him today." → He said he had seen him that day. yesterday (昨天) the day before (前一天) "I was here yesterday." → He said he had been there the day before. tomorrow (明天) the next day / the following day (第二天) "I'll go tomorrow." → He said he would go the next day. tonight (今晚) that night (那晚) "We'll meet tonight." → He said they would meet that night. this week/month/year that week/month/year "I finished it this week." → He said he had finished it that week. last week/month/year the week/month/year before "I was sick last week." → He said he had been sick the week before. next week/month/year the next week / the following week "I'll leave next month." → He said he would leave the following month. 三. 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。 根据转述的语境，相应的时间、地点和指示词也需要调整。 📍 地点状语的变化 直接引语 (原话) 间接引语 (转述) 示例 here (这里) there (那里) "It's cold here." → He said it was cold there. come (来) go (去) "Please come here." → He asked me to go there. 三. 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。 根据转述的语境，相应的时间、地点和指示词也需要调整。 🖐️ 指示代词和动词的变化 直接引语 (原话) 间接引语 (转述) 示例 this (这个) that (那个) "I like this book." → He said he liked that book. these (这些) those (那些) "I bought these." → He said he had bought those. 三. 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。 💡 特殊情况与注意事项 地点未变时： 如果转述的地点和说话时的地点相同，或者说话人就在原地转述，here 有时可以保持不变。 例如：(在教室里) The teacher said, "Put the books here." → The teacher said to put the books here. 时间未变时： 如果转述发生在同一天（例如上午说的话下午转述），today、yesterday、tomorrow 等词有时可以保持不变，但在正式考试或书面语中，通常建议按照规则进行转换。 "come" 的变化： 除了地点变化外，当直接引语中包含 come 表示“来”这个动作时，在间接引语中通常改为 go，因为视角已经从说话人转移到了转述人。 Observe and Discover： 1. He said, "I saw this movie yesterday."→ He said that he had seen ______ movie ______. 2. She said to me, "I will finish it today."→ She told me that she would finish it ______. 3. They said, "We are leaving now."→ They said that they were leaving ______. 4. He said, "I bought these books two days ago."→ He said that he had bought ______ books ______. 5. She said, "I can do it tomorrow."→ She said that she ______ do it ______. that that day those then the next day two days before the day before could Observe and Discover： 6. He said, "I am busy today."→ He said that he was busy ______. 7. She said, "I saw that man here."→ She said that she had seen ______ man ______. 8. They said, "We will go there next week."→ They said that they would go ______ ______. 9. He said, "I must leave now."→ He said that he ______ leave ______. 10. She said, "I saw those cars yesterday."→ She said that she had seen ______ cars ______. that day that the following week there there the day before had to then those 四. 连接词和语序变化 1.去引号，加连接词 根据直接引语的句型，选择合适的连接词，并去掉引号。 陈述句 (Statement): 用连接词 that 引导，在口语中 that 常可省略。 直接引语: She said, "I like apples." 间接引语: She said (that) she liked apples. 一般疑问句 (Yes/No Question): 用连接词 if 或 whether 引导。 直接引语: He asked me, "Are you happy?“ 间接引语: He asked me if/whether I was happy. 24 四. 连接词和语序变化 1.去引号，加连接词 特殊疑问句 (Wh- Question): 用原来的疑问词（如 what, where, when 等）引导。 直接引语: I asked her, "What is your name?" 间接引语: I asked her what her name was. 祈使句 (Imperative): 改为 动词 + sb. + to do sth. 的结构。 直接引语: He said to me, "Don't do that." 间接引语: He told me not to do that. 25 四. 连接词和语序变化 2. 改为陈述句语序 如果原句是疑问句，变为间接引语后，需要将语序调整为陈述句语序（主语 + 谓语）。 直接引语: He asked, "When does the train arrive?" 间接引语: He asked when the train arrived. (注意此处 does 助动词需要去掉) 26 四. 连接词和语序变化 连接词 语序 陈述句 that或省略 不变 一般疑问句 引述动词后加上if或whether 陈述语序 特殊疑问句 连接词不变 陈述语序 祈使句 无连接词 不变 Observe and Discover： 句型转换 He said, "I am busy."→ He said he ______ busy. 2. She asked me, "Do you like apples?"→ She asked me ______ I liked apples. 3. He asked, "What is your name?"→ He asked me what ______ ______. 4. She said to me, "Please close the door."→ She asked me ______ ______ close the door. 5. He asked, "Did you see the movie?"→ He asked me _____ _ I had seen the movie. that my name was to if/whether was if/whether Observe and Discover： 句型转换 6. She asked, "Where do you live?"→ She asked me where ______ . 7. He said to me, "Don't play in the street."→ He told me ______ ______ play in the street. 8. She asked, "Is this your book?"→ She asked me ______ that was my book. 9. He asked, "When will the train arrive?"→ He asked when ______ ______ arrive. 10. She said, "I can help you."→ She said that she ______ help me. I lived could not to the train would if/whether Summary:课堂小结 性质： 时态: 人称： 引导词: 陈述句: 用 that 一般疑问句: 用 if 或 whether 特殊疑问句: 用特殊疑问词 祈使句： tell sb. to do s.th ask sb. to do s.th order sb. to do s.th 间接引语在多数情况下是一个宾语从句 一随主,二随宾,三不变 主句为一般过去时态，从句相应的变化 Practice and Apply： 请将下列直接引语改为间接引语。 1. He said, "I am tired." → He said that he ______ tired. 2. She said to me, "I saw him yesterday." → She told me that she ______ him ______. 3. Tom said, "I have finished my work." → Tom said that he ______ finished his work. 4. He said, "I will go tomorrow." → He said that he _____ go ______. 5. She asked, "Are you happy?" → She asked me ______ I ______ happy. was had seen the day before had would the next day if/whether was Practice and Apply： 请将下列直接引语改为间接引语。 6. He asked, "Did you see the movie?"→ He asked me ______ I ______ seen the movie. 7. She asked, "Where do you live?"→ She asked me where ______ _. 8. He asked, "What are you doing?"→ He asked me what _____ doing. 9. The teacher said, "The sun rises in the east."→ The teacher said that the sun ______ in the east. 10. He said, "I was born in 1990."→ He said that he ______ born in 1990. I lived had rises if/whether I was was Practice and Apply： 请将下列直接引语改为间接引语。 11. She said to me, "Please help me."→ She asked me ____ help her. 12. He said to us, "Don't make noise."→ He told us ______ make noise. 13. He said, "I bought this book yesterday."→ He said that he ______ bought _____ book ______. 14. She said, "I can swim."→ She said that she ______ swim. 15. He asked, "Is this your pen?"→ He asked me ______ that ______ my pen. that not to to if/whether had was the day before could Practice and Apply： 请将下列直接引语改为间接引语。 16. She asked, "When will you leave?"→ She asked me when ______ leave. 17. He said, "We are playing football now."→ He said that they ______ playing football ______. 18. She said, "I must go now."→ She said that she ______ go ______. 19. He asked, "How did you come here?"→ He asked me how I ______ come ______. 20. The teacher said, "Light travels faster than sound."→ The teacher said that light ______ faster than sound. were I would had then then had to there travels Discovering Useful Structures 新人教选择性必修三 Unit 3 Thank You ! $