专题16 阅读理解（词义猜测与结构分析）：攻克生词与长难句（培优讲义）（全国通用）2026年中考英语二轮复习高效培优系列

专题16 阅读理解（词义猜测与结构分析）攻克生词与长难句 目 录 第一部分 考情精析 锁定靶心 高效备考 第二部分 重难考点深解 深度溯源 扫清盲区 【考点01】词义猜测题（重难点：语境逻辑把握、词根词缀运用、避免望文生义） 【考点02】长难句结构分析（重难点：主干拆分、修饰成分识别、逻辑关系理清） 第三部分 解题思维优化 典例精析+方法提炼+变式巩固 核心考向聚焦 词义猜测与长难句结构分析是中考英语阅读理解的核心基础题型，也是突破阅读瓶颈的关键，在各地中考中频繁出现，合计占阅读板块比重约25%-30%。词义猜测侧重考查语境中生词、熟词生义及短语的推断能力，核心依托上下文逻辑线索；长难句结构分析侧重考查句子主干拆分、修饰成分识别及逻辑关系梳理能力，服务于全文理解。此外，词根词缀应用、同义替换识别、句式简化也有涉及，但相对比重较小，核心围绕“攻克生词、读懂长句”展开。 关键能力与思维瓶颈 关键能力：掌握词义猜测四大核心技巧（语境逻辑法、词根词缀法、指代定位法、同义替换法），能结合上下文精准推断生词、熟词生义及短语含义，不依赖词典；熟练掌握长难句拆分技巧，能快速定位连词、抓取句子主干，剥离定语、状语等修饰成分，化繁为简读懂句意。需通过技巧专项训练、语篇实操突破。熟练识别长难句常见句式（定语从句、状语从句、并列句），掌握指代关系定位方法，能结合语境验证词义与句意的合理性，强化逻辑严谨性。需通过错题复盘、技巧应用强化能力。 培优瓶颈：主要受中文思维干扰，词义猜测时易望文生义，忽略上下文逻辑线索，过度依赖单词本义；长难句分析时易被冗长修饰成分干扰，无法快速锁定主干，混淆主句与从句逻辑。同时，词根词缀记忆碎片化，同义替换识别不敏感，长难句拆分技巧应用不灵活，在复杂语篇中易迷失方向，导致生词猜不准、长句读不懂，进而影响后续细节、主旨题的解答。需强化语境分析、技巧建模与综合应用能力。 命题前瞻与备考策略 预测：2026年中考中，词义猜测将更注重真实语境下的逻辑连贯性，题干划线词多为课标外生词或熟词生义，线索更隐蔽，需结合多句上下文综合推断；长难句将以定语从句、状语从句嵌套及并列句为主，侧重考查主干拆分与逻辑关系梳理，选材贴近学生生活、热点话题（环保、科技、校园生活、文化传承），强调语篇实用性，弱化机械记忆，强化语境应用与逻辑思维。二者均会融入细节题、推理题中，成为解题的核心前提。 策略：备考应放弃“孤立记技巧、盲目刷难题”的低效模式，转向“技巧建模”与“语篇应用”。重点训练： 1. 紧扣中考真题，建立词义猜测与长难句错题本，按“词义猜测失误（望文生义、逻辑误判）、长难句拆分失误（主干找错、逻辑混淆）”分类整理，标注错误原因，强化针对性突破； 2. 积累高频词根词缀、同义替换短语及长难句常见连词，按“猜测技巧、句式类型”分类记忆，提升生词猜词与长句拆分速度； 3. 专项训练核心技巧，每天进行1-2篇语篇实操，规范“定位线索-技巧应用-验证答案”的解题步骤，强化语境适配能力； 4. 结合细节题、推理题综合训练，将词义猜测、长难句分析与解题结合，提升综合应用能力，真正实现“攻克生词与长难句，突破阅读瓶颈”。 ◇考点 01 词义猜测题（重难点：语境逻辑把握、词根词缀运用、避免望文生义） 一、考查重点（四大高频类型） 1. 生词猜测：考查课标外生词（但上下文有明确提示），如名词、动词、形容词，侧重语境推断； 2. 熟词生义：考查课标内常见词的不常用含义（如“charge”表“收费”而非“充电”），侧重语境匹配； 3. 短语猜测：考查动词短语、介词短语的含义，侧重上下文逻辑推导； 4. 指代猜测：考查代词（it、they、this、that、one）所指代的内容，侧重前文定位。 二、解题重难点突破 重点：掌握4种核心猜词技巧，所有猜测必须贴合上下文语境，不脱离原文； 难点：避开“望文生义”陷阱（如“green hand”不是“绿手”，是“新手”），区分“熟词生义”与“常用义”，精准匹配语境。 三、四大核心猜词技巧（中考必考，落地性强） 语境逻辑法（最常用）：借助上下文的因果、转折、并列、举例等逻辑关系，推断生词含义。 标志词：because、so、but、however、for example、such as、that is、in other words 词根词缀法：借助词根（单词核心含义）、词缀（前缀表方向/否定，后缀表词性），推断生词含义。 高频前缀：un-（否定，如unhappy）、in-（否定，如impossible）、re-（重新，如reuse）； 高频后缀：-ful（形容词，如careful）、-ly（副词，如slowly）、-tion（名词，如action）。 指代定位法：代词（it、they、this等）指代的内容，一定在前面的句子中，优先定位前一句的核心名词/短语。 同义替换法：上下文会出现与生词意思相近的词、短语或句子，可借助同义表达推断含义。 四、典例短文+题目解析（中考难度） 典例短文 In summer, the temperature often rises to 35℃ or even higher. Many people like to drink iced drinks to cool down, but this is not good for their health. Cold drinks can irritate the stomach and cause stomachache. Besides, drinking too many iced drinks may lead to obesity, because they are high in sugar. To keep healthy, it’s better to drink warm water instead. Some experts suggest that we should drink 8 cups of warm water every day. It can help our bodies work normally and prevent some diseases. 词义题1（生词猜测：语境逻辑法） What does the underlined word “irritate” mean in Chinese? （ ） A. 保护 B. 刺激 C. 温暖 D. 滋养 解析： 1. 定位原文：*Cold drinks can irritate the stomach and cause stomachache.* 2. 找逻辑关系：and连接并列成分，“irritate the stomach”与“cause stomachache（导致胃痛）”是因果关系——因为冷饮会______胃，所以导致胃痛。 3. 推导含义：结合语境，能导致胃痛的动作，只有“刺激”符合；A、C、D均与“胃痛”逻辑矛盾。答案：B。 词义题2（熟词生义：语境匹配法） The underlined word “lead to” in the passage probably means ______. （ ） A. 导致 B. 带领 C. 引导 D. 通向 解析： 1. 定位原文：*drinking too many iced drinks may lead to obesity, because they are high in sugar.* 2. 找逻辑关系：because引导原因，“喝太多冷饮”是原因，“obesity（肥胖）”是结果。 3. 匹配熟词生义：“lead to”常用义是“带领、通向”，但结合因果逻辑，此处应表示“导致”。答案：A。 词义题3（指代猜测：定位法） What does the underlined word “they” refer to? （ ） A. iced drinks B. warm water C. experts D. diseases 解析： 1. 定位原文：*because they are high in sugar*，代词“they”指代前一句的主语。 2. 往前定位：前一句是“drinking too many iced drinks may lead to obesity”，核心主语是“iced drinks”。 3. 验证逻辑：冷饮含糖量高，符合语境；B、C、D均与“含糖量高”无关。答案：A。 词义题4（短语猜测：同义替换法） The underlined phrase “cool down” in the passage means ______. （ ） A. 变热 B. 降温 C. 休息 D. 放松 解析： 1. 定位原文：*Many people like to drink iced drinks to cool down*，结合前文“In summer, the temperature often rises to 35℃ or even higher”（夏天温度高）。 2. 找同义逻辑：喝冷饮的目的是“缓解高温”，后文“keep healthy, it’s better to drink warm water instead”也暗示，“cool down”是与“温暖”相反的含义。 3. 匹配选项：“降温”符合语境，与“cool down”同义。答案：B。 易｜错｜提｜醒 1. 不依赖单词本义：猜词的核心是“语境适配”，哪怕知道单词本义，若与上下文不符，也要选语境对应的含义； 2. 避免望文生义：如“black sheep”不是“黑羊”，是“害群之马”，需结合语境判断； 3. 指代猜测优先定位前一句：代词指代的内容，90%在前一句，避免找错范围。 （一） （2026·安徽阜阳·一模）Basketball is a popular and exciting sport loved by Chinese teenagers. It helps them grow stronger and learn teamwork, making it a favorite activity in schools, parks and communities across the country. In August 2025, the first China Mini Basketball National Finals ended successfully in Xiamen. More than 2,200 young players from 297 teams took part in the game, showing great passion for basketball. The event also included the National U14 Youth Basketball League Finals, with 32 teams competing. These games are part of the China Basketball Association’s (CBA) Mini Basketball Development Plan, which started in 2017. Famous basketball stars like Zheng Haixia praised the young players’ skills and love for the sport. By 2025, the mini basketball events had covered nearly 25 provinces and cities, with over 1 million participants (参与者) in total. Around 100 million Chinese teenagers often play basketball, as it builds their bodies and teaches them to work together. These events give young players a chance to follow their dreams. Many look up to basketball heroes and hope to become great players one day. With more standardized games and training, Chinese youth basketball is growing fast, bringing a bright future for the sport. 1．What does the underlined word “passion” mean in English? A．Hobby. B．Love. C．Ability. D．Knowledge. 2．What do Chinese teenagers mainly learn from playing basketball according to the text? A．Teamwork. B．Foreign languages. C．How to win alone. D．How to be famous. 3．What’s the best title for the text? A．Zheng Haixia: A Famous Basketball Star B．The History of CBA’s Mini Basketball Development Plan C．China Mini Basketball: Growing Popular Among Youth D．How Basketball Helps Teenagers Build Strong Bodies （二） （2025·四川广元·一模）Light is wonderful and amazing. Light from the Sun is the most important of all. Stars give off their own light. The Moon does not make its own light. It can only reflect light from the Sun. Lightning goes through storm clouds, making a very bright light. People who live near the North and South Poles (南北极) sometimes can see the aurora (极光) in the sky. Some animals like fireflies (萤火虫) and many sea animals are able to give off light from themselves. Chemicals inside their bodies work together to make light. However, plenty of light we see every day does not come from nature, it is artificial light. Artificial light is important. It allows people to work and travel at night. Headlights on our cars allow us to see the road at night. Street lights help us to walk safely along the sidewalk. Airplanes take off and land on lighted runways. Artificial light makes our homes safer and more comfortable. It makes our lives easier and more fun. It makes us have fun activities such as movies, video games, and TV. Artificial light has another important job. It can be used to carry information from one place to another. Take a moment to notice light and enjoy its beauty and wonder. Go outside on a sunny day. Feel the warmth of the Sun on your skin. Look at the stars in the night sky. When staying indoors, count the number of artificial lights that you and your family use. 1．Which of the following gives off its own light? A．The Moon. B．The Sun. C．Storm clouds. D．The Earth. 2．How do fireflies and many sea animals make light? A．By looking at the stars. B．By reflecting the moonlight. C．By living near the poles. D．By using the chemicals in their bodies. 3．What does the underlined the word “artificial” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Bright. B．Special. C．Man-made. D．Handmade. 4．What can we learn from the second paragraph? A．Light from street lights comes from nature. B．Artificial light is the most important of all. C．Natural light can be used to carry information. D．Artificial light is important and makes our life better. 5．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．The Wonder of Light B．The Use of Artificial Light C．Different Kinds of Light D．The Importance of Natural Light （三） （2026·山东滨州·一模）When you play sports or move your body, your muscles (肌肉), bones (骨头) and heart all feel good. Sports and exercise make you happy and strong from the inside out. Why does playing sports feel so good? The mind and the body are connected, so when you are active and move your bodies, your minds usually feel better. This is because sports help reduce pressure. Lildonia Lawrence, a health coach, says paying attention to how your body feels can help you better understand your thoughts and feelings. “Think of a time when you’ve ridden a bike down a hill and felt the wind against your face,” she added. Studies show that if you play sports and do things that make your heart beat faster, you will feel happier and more sure of yourself. This can be helpful when you feel worried or sad. Playing sports also helps the brain work better. It improves memory and helps think more clearly. This is because exercise brings new ideas and happiness to your mind. “Some students walk around the playground during the break. Others start their classes with simple yoga and breathing. These help them feel calm and ready to learn,” she suggests. Lawrence also suggests listing a few kinds of exercise that you enjoy. It doesn’t matter what they are, the aim is to find out what feels good for you. Spend time outdoors, play ball games with friends, walk the dog or dance to music. These all make a positive (积极的) difference. Then, if you suddenly notice you are nervous, you can turn to your list and get going. 1．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 probably express? A．The feeling of happiness and freedom. B．The danger of riding a bike down a hill. C．The feeling of being nervous and scared. 2．What does Lawrence advise students to do during the break? A．Sit still and think about their problems. B．Walk around the playground or do yoga. C．List a few kinds of sports they don’t like. 3．The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 4 refers to ________. A．the exercises you list B．the benefits of doing sports C．the ways of reducing stress 4．What’s the purpose of the passage? A．To list different kinds of sports. B．To share stories about exercising. C．To tell people the benefits of exercise. ◇考点 02 长难句结构分析（重难点：主干拆分、修饰成分识别、逻辑关系理清） 长难句是中考阅读的“拦路虎”——句子长、成分杂（定语、状语、从句嵌套），学生容易读乱、读错核心含义。但所有长难句都可拆解为“主干+修饰”，掌握拆分技巧，就能快速读懂句子核心。 一、考查重点（三大高频长难句类型） 1. 定语从句嵌套：先行词+关系词（who/which/that等）+定语从句，修饰名词/代词； 2. 状语从句嵌套：主句+状语从句（when/if/because等），表时间、条件、原因等； 3. 并列句+修饰成分：由and/but/so连接两个主句，搭配定语、状语，结构复杂但逻辑清晰。 二、解题重难点突破 重点：掌握“主干优先”原则，先找主谓宾/主系表，再分析修饰成分，化繁为简； 难点：识别定语、状语的位置（如定语可在名词前/后，状语可在句首/句中/句尾），区分“从句”与“主句”，避免混淆逻辑。 三、万能长难句拆分技巧（3步搞定所有长难句） 找连词，分主句/从句：圈出并列连词（and、but、so）、从属连词（when、if、because、that），将句子拆分为主句和从句（无连词则为简单句）； 抓主干，找核心含义：主句/从句中，去掉修饰成分（形容词、副词、介词短语、定语从句、状语从句），保留主谓宾（动作的发出者、动作、动作的对象）或主系表（主语、系动词、表语）； 补修饰，懂完整含义：将拆分出的修饰成分（如“什么样的”“在哪里”“为什么”“怎么做”）还原到主干中，理解句子完整含义。 四、典例短文+长难句解析（中考难度） 典例短文 When we talk about environmental protection, many people think of recycling paper and plastic, but there is another important way that we can protect the environment — saving water. Water is one of the most valuable resources on our planet, and it is necessary for all living things to live. However, many people waste water without realizing it, such as leaving the tap running while brushing teeth or washing dishes. We should try our best to save water because it is not only good for the environment but also helpful for our future. 长难句1（状语从句+并列句） 原句：When we talk about environmental protection, many people think of recycling paper and plastic, but there is another important way that we can protect the environment — saving water. 解析（3步拆分）： 1. 找连词：When（从属连词，引导时间状语从句）、but（并列连词，连接两个主句）、that（从属连词，引导定语从句）； 2. 抓主干： - 时间状语从句主干：we talk about environmental protection（我们谈论环境保护）； - 第一个主句主干：many people think of recycling paper and plastic（很多人想到回收纸和塑料）； - 第二个主句主干：there is another important way（还有另一种重要方式）； - 定语从句主干：we can protect the environment（我们可以保护环境）； 3. 补修饰，完整翻译：当我们谈论环境保护时，很多人想到回收纸和塑料，但还有另一种我们可以保护环境的重要方式——节约用水。 长难句2（定语从句+并列结构） 原句：We should try our best to save water because it is not only good for the environment but also helpful for our future. 解析（3步拆分）： 1. 找连词：because（从属连词，引导原因状语从句）、not only...but also...（并列结构，连接两个形容词短语）； 2. 抓主干： - 主句主干：We should try our best to save water（我们应该尽力节约用水）； - 原因状语从句主干：it is good and helpful（它是有益的）； 3. 补修饰，完整翻译：我们应该尽力节约用水，因为它不仅对环境有益，而且对我们的未来有帮助。 长难句3（分词短语作状语+并列句） 原句：However, many people waste water without realizing it, such as leaving the tap running while brushing teeth or washing dishes. 解析（3步拆分）： 1. 找连词：while（从属连词，引导时间状语从句，省略了主语和系动词）、or（并列连词，连接两个动名词短语）； 2. 抓主干：many people waste water（很多人浪费水）； 3. 补修饰，完整翻译：然而，很多人在没有意识到的情况下浪费水，比如刷牙或洗碗时让水龙头一直开着。 易｜错｜提｜醒 1. 拆分时先找“谓语动词”：一个句子（主句/从句）只有一个谓语动词，找到谓语动词，就能快速锁定主语和宾语； 2. 不要被“修饰成分”干扰：定语、状语是“附加信息”，即使去掉，也不影响主干含义，可先跳过，读懂主干再回头看； 3. 注意“省略句”：状语从句中，若主语与主句主语一致，常省略主语和系动词（如while brushing teeth = while they are brushing teeth），需补全理解。 （一） （2026·四川南充·模拟预测）①A bat and a ball cost 1.10 in total. The bat costs 1.00 more than the ball. How much does the ball cost? If you answered 10 cents, you’re not alone—most people give the same answer(the correct answer is 5 cents). It’s an example of how we often depend on intuitive responses (直觉反应). ②The bat and ball question helps explain why we often believe in news that’s not true. It is part of human nature to believe. But the way to deal with untrue news is to verify (验证)—in other words, to stop and question what you know. ③In research, Sloman invented a phenomenon called “Helium Rain” and shared it with a group of volunteers. He told them he couldn’t fully explain it. Most volunteers thought they didn’t get it either and scored their understanding as 1 out of 7 at self-check. Then, another group was told that he could explain it well. These volunteers felt they understood more and scored themselves 2 out of 7. ④Studies also show that knowledge spreads like a contagion (传染疾病). If everyone around you is saying they understand why things happen, then you’ll start thinking that you understand it too. ⑤Another reason for the spread of untrue news is that we are more likely to believe information that supports what we already think. For example, ________ ⑥So, in a world where misleading information is common, is there a way to protect ourselves? “I don’t think it’s possible to train everyone to verify everything that they meet.” Sloman says. ⑦However, training people to care about fact-checking is important. Think of the stories shared on your social media (社交媒体) every day. Perhaps not all of them are true. “We should check things and not just accept them at face value.” Sloman said. 1．What’s the purpose of using the example about the bat and ball question? A．To show us that people often forget skills that they have learned at school. B．To remind us that there is often more than one possible answer to a question. C．To tell us many people give quick answers without thinking twice. D．To suggest we spend more time and work harder on math. 2．Which sentence can be put in the ________? A．you are not sure about a story on social media, so you check for more information. B．you put online a message that gives your own opinion about a news story. C．you don’t believe a bad news story about a singer because you like his voice best. D．you don’t treat the opinion as an enemy even though it goes against what you believe. 3．Which is the best title of the passage? A．Helium Rain: A Great Discovery B．Be Careful When Using Social Media C．Human Nature in Believing D．Stop, Question, and Verify 4．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? A．B． C． D． （三） （2025·吉林·二模）A lot of people take up dancing as a hobby after work. In fact, dancing has been considered one of the best exercises to fight bad feelings in recent years. Dancing, which involves (包含) moving the body to different kinds of music, helps our bodies produce much endorphin (内啡肽), a chemical that makes us feel relaxed and happy. While simply listening to music or doing sports can cheer us up, mixing them together gives better results. In a study, a group of German scientists tested some patients under three conditions: a group dancing with music, a group just listening to music, and a group riding bikes without music. The results showed that the first group were the least depressed (沮丧的). Dancing can bring people together, too. Tango, Latin or other social dancing require us to move with others, which can improve our sense of social connection,according to IBSA, a Swiss scientific foundation. Dancing also helps people let go of bad feelings. Studies have found that depression often has to do with sadness about the past or worries about the future. However, dancing helps you focus on the present, connect with your body, and free your mind for a while, as reported by Psych Central, a mental health news website. Lauren Helper, a social worker in Virginia, US, pointed out that if people enjoy music of any kind, dancing can be a helpful way to reduce stress. She also said that dancing can take any form, whether it’s moving around the house to a song or going out dancing with friends. “The important part of movement is that it is fun,” she told Psych Central. 根据短文内容，选择正确答案。 1．What can help you the most when you are sad according to the study? A．Attending a concert. B．Talking to a friend. C．Dancing to music. D．Riding a bike. 2．Why do people take up dancing after work? A．To make money. B．To fight bad feelings. C．To learn new skills. D．To kill time. 3．Which group felt least depressed in the study? A．The group that listening to music. B．The group that riding bikes. C．The group that dancing with music. D．All groups were the same. 4．What is the structure of the passage? A．B．C． D． 5．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．A New Way to Do Sports B．The Best Hobby for Workers C．How to Dance Correctly D．Why Dancing Helps with Mood （三） （2025·山东泰安·三模）①Have you ever watched a hologram (全息影像) during a video call? What if you could chat with your friend as real as standing face-to-face? This magic will probably be powered by 6G the technology that China’s 2025 Two Sessions (两会) marked as a national goal. ②Compared to 5G, 6G promises great improvements, which will support much smoother connections between humans, machines, and the environment, creating a world where everything works smartly together. ③One major improvement is its unbelievably high speed. With the highest speed reaching up to 100GB/s, it is expected to be 100 times faster than 5G. This speed allows users to download a movie within just one second. ④6G’s near-zero latency (延迟) is another step forward. With latency cut to 0.1milliseconds (毫秒), 6G makes real-time control possible. This means doctors will be able to operate on patients thousands of miles away using real-time bolographic tools. Meanwhile, self-driving cars could quickly share real-time traffic condition, cutting accidents by 80%. ⑤Anything more exciting? By connecting towers on the ground with satellites (卫星) close to Earth, “no-service” areas will probably disappear forever, 6G could bring strong signals (信号) to every corner of the planet-deep in the Amazon rainforest, at the top of Mount Qomolangma, or in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, allowing anyone, anywhere, to share moments in real time. ⑥China is taking the lead in 6G research. Tech companies like Huawei and ZTE have made great achievements. China successfully sent the world’s first 6G test satellite into space. The government is also actively supporting plans like building test networks, setting national standards, and helping researchers work with industries. By 2030, the government aims to make 6G available for everyone. ⑦Ye challenges remain Developing 6G may cost 50 times more than 5G. Also, internationat cooperation on standard-setting is needed. But with China’s large market and creative power, experts believe 6G is sure to become a reality and benefit humans in countless ways. ⑧In conclusion, 6G isn’t just faster—it’s a key to a smarter world. As Chinese engineers work tirelessly and push forward, one question remains: How will YOU use 6G to shape tomorrow? 1．Which is the improvement of 6G over 5G? A．Its speed can reach at least 100GB/s. B．It can achieve zero latency. C．It may cost 50 times more than 5G technology. D．It makes s smarter world with better connections. 2．According to the text, which of the following bas already been achieved in 6G technology? A．Watching hologram during s video call. B．Sending a test satellite into space. C．Making 6G available for everyone in China. D．Setting international standards. 3．Why does the article end with the underlined question? A．To warn readers of possible risks of 6G technology. B．To suggest readers plan for their future as early as possible. C．To show readers the importance of taking a lead in 6G technology. D．To encourage readers to think about their role in a 6G-powered world. 4．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? A．B．C． D． 典｜例｜精｜析 典例3（2025·山东临沂·三模）On April 15th, 2023, the 15th Guizhou Tea Industry Expo (茶博会), themed “Clean Guizhou Tea, Shared Globally”, was opened in Zunyi. It attracted leaders, experts, buyers, lovers to enjoy the tea. For thousands of years, the tea is loved by many people around the world for its special taste. Chinese tea culture began over 5,000 years ago. It’s said that the ruler Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink by accident. But during the Three-Kingdom Period, people paid more attention to its medical value. In the Tang Dynasty, tea-tasting became an important part of poets’ life. Our big fan of tea, Bai Juyi, wrote about 60 poems about tea in his lifetime. In China, traditional tea planting depends on location and natural environment. The area of tea planting is about between 18°~37°N and 94°~122°E. This is why the tea in Zunyi is so delicious and famous. Tea-tasting customs also influenced the world through the ancient Silk Road. In Western countries, tea first had the greatest influence on Britain in the 17th century, and then the whole of Europe. When it came to the late 18th and 19th centuries, 10% of British people’s income (收入) was spent on tea, making it an important expensive product. Now, the tea in Guizhou or other areas of China has become cultural treasure of humans. 1．What does the underlined word “It” refer to (指代) in Paragraph 1? A．Guizhou Tea Industry Expo B．Guizhou C．Zunyi 2．How does the writer tell the history of tea in Paragraph 2? A．By listing numbers B．By giving an example C．By comparing 3．Which is the best place to grow tea plants? A．① B．② C．③ 4．Which of the following shows the structure of the text? A． B． C． 6 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题16 阅读理解（词义猜测与结构分析）攻克生词与长难句 目 录 第一部分 考情精析 锁定靶心 高效备考 第二部分 重难考点深解 深度溯源 扫清盲区 【考点01】词义猜测题（重难点：语境逻辑把握、词根词缀运用、避免望文生义） 【考点02】长难句结构分析（重难点：主干拆分、修饰成分识别、逻辑关系理清） 第三部分 解题思维优化 典例精析+方法提炼+变式巩固 核心考向聚焦 词义猜测与长难句结构分析是中考英语阅读理解的核心基础题型，也是突破阅读瓶颈的关键，在各地中考中频繁出现，合计占阅读板块比重约25%-30%。词义猜测侧重考查语境中生词、熟词生义及短语的推断能力，核心依托上下文逻辑线索；长难句结构分析侧重考查句子主干拆分、修饰成分识别及逻辑关系梳理能力，服务于全文理解。此外，词根词缀应用、同义替换识别、句式简化也有涉及，但相对比重较小，核心围绕“攻克生词、读懂长句”展开。 关键能力与思维瓶颈 关键能力：掌握词义猜测四大核心技巧（语境逻辑法、词根词缀法、指代定位法、同义替换法），能结合上下文精准推断生词、熟词生义及短语含义，不依赖词典；熟练掌握长难句拆分技巧，能快速定位连词、抓取句子主干，剥离定语、状语等修饰成分，化繁为简读懂句意。需通过技巧专项训练、语篇实操突破。熟练识别长难句常见句式（定语从句、状语从句、并列句），掌握指代关系定位方法，能结合语境验证词义与句意的合理性，强化逻辑严谨性。需通过错题复盘、技巧应用强化能力。 培优瓶颈：主要受中文思维干扰，词义猜测时易望文生义，忽略上下文逻辑线索，过度依赖单词本义；长难句分析时易被冗长修饰成分干扰，无法快速锁定主干，混淆主句与从句逻辑。同时，词根词缀记忆碎片化，同义替换识别不敏感，长难句拆分技巧应用不灵活，在复杂语篇中易迷失方向，导致生词猜不准、长句读不懂，进而影响后续细节、主旨题的解答。需强化语境分析、技巧建模与综合应用能力。 命题前瞻与备考策略 预测：2026年中考中，词义猜测将更注重真实语境下的逻辑连贯性，题干划线词多为课标外生词或熟词生义，线索更隐蔽，需结合多句上下文综合推断；长难句将以定语从句、状语从句嵌套及并列句为主，侧重考查主干拆分与逻辑关系梳理，选材贴近学生生活、热点话题（环保、科技、校园生活、文化传承），强调语篇实用性，弱化机械记忆，强化语境应用与逻辑思维。二者均会融入细节题、推理题中，成为解题的核心前提。 策略：备考应放弃“孤立记技巧、盲目刷难题”的低效模式，转向“技巧建模”与“语篇应用”。重点训练： 1. 紧扣中考真题，建立词义猜测与长难句错题本，按“词义猜测失误（望文生义、逻辑误判）、长难句拆分失误（主干找错、逻辑混淆）”分类整理，标注错误原因，强化针对性突破； 2. 积累高频词根词缀、同义替换短语及长难句常见连词，按“猜测技巧、句式类型”分类记忆，提升生词猜词与长句拆分速度； 3. 专项训练核心技巧，每天进行1-2篇语篇实操，规范“定位线索-技巧应用-验证答案”的解题步骤，强化语境适配能力； 4. 结合细节题、推理题综合训练，将词义猜测、长难句分析与解题结合，提升综合应用能力，真正实现“攻克生词与长难句，突破阅读瓶颈”。 ◇考点 01 词义猜测题（重难点：语境逻辑把握、词根词缀运用、避免望文生义） 一、考查重点（四大高频类型） 1. 生词猜测：考查课标外生词（但上下文有明确提示），如名词、动词、形容词，侧重语境推断； 2. 熟词生义：考查课标内常见词的不常用含义（如“charge”表“收费”而非“充电”），侧重语境匹配； 3. 短语猜测：考查动词短语、介词短语的含义，侧重上下文逻辑推导； 4. 指代猜测：考查代词（it、they、this、that、one）所指代的内容，侧重前文定位。 二、解题重难点突破 重点：掌握4种核心猜词技巧，所有猜测必须贴合上下文语境，不脱离原文； 难点：避开“望文生义”陷阱（如“green hand”不是“绿手”，是“新手”），区分“熟词生义”与“常用义”，精准匹配语境。 三、四大核心猜词技巧（中考必考，落地性强） 语境逻辑法（最常用）：借助上下文的因果、转折、并列、举例等逻辑关系，推断生词含义。 标志词：because、so、but、however、for example、such as、that is、in other words 词根词缀法：借助词根（单词核心含义）、词缀（前缀表方向/否定，后缀表词性），推断生词含义。 高频前缀：un-（否定，如unhappy）、in-（否定，如impossible）、re-（重新，如reuse）； 高频后缀：-ful（形容词，如careful）、-ly（副词，如slowly）、-tion（名词，如action）。 指代定位法：代词（it、they、this等）指代的内容，一定在前面的句子中，优先定位前一句的核心名词/短语。 同义替换法：上下文会出现与生词意思相近的词、短语或句子，可借助同义表达推断含义。 四、典例短文+题目解析（中考难度） 典例短文 In summer, the temperature often rises to 35℃ or even higher. Many people like to drink iced drinks to cool down, but this is not good for their health. Cold drinks can irritate the stomach and cause stomachache. Besides, drinking too many iced drinks may lead to obesity, because they are high in sugar. To keep healthy, it’s better to drink warm water instead. Some experts suggest that we should drink 8 cups of warm water every day. It can help our bodies work normally and prevent some diseases. 词义题1（生词猜测：语境逻辑法） What does the underlined word “irritate” mean in Chinese? （ ） A. 保护 B. 刺激 C. 温暖 D. 滋养 解析： 1. 定位原文：*Cold drinks can irritate the stomach and cause stomachache.* 2. 找逻辑关系：and连接并列成分，“irritate the stomach”与“cause stomachache（导致胃痛）”是因果关系——因为冷饮会______胃，所以导致胃痛。 3. 推导含义：结合语境，能导致胃痛的动作，只有“刺激”符合；A、C、D均与“胃痛”逻辑矛盾。答案：B。 词义题2（熟词生义：语境匹配法） The underlined word “lead to” in the passage probably means ______. （ ） A. 导致 B. 带领 C. 引导 D. 通向 解析： 1. 定位原文：*drinking too many iced drinks may lead to obesity, because they are high in sugar.* 2. 找逻辑关系：because引导原因，“喝太多冷饮”是原因，“obesity（肥胖）”是结果。 3. 匹配熟词生义：“lead to”常用义是“带领、通向”，但结合因果逻辑，此处应表示“导致”。答案：A。 词义题3（指代猜测：定位法） What does the underlined word “they” refer to? （ ） A. iced drinks B. warm water C. experts D. diseases 解析： 1. 定位原文：*because they are high in sugar*，代词“they”指代前一句的主语。 2. 往前定位：前一句是“drinking too many iced drinks may lead to obesity”，核心主语是“iced drinks”。 3. 验证逻辑：冷饮含糖量高，符合语境；B、C、D均与“含糖量高”无关。答案：A。 词义题4（短语猜测：同义替换法） The underlined phrase “cool down” in the passage means ______. （ ） A. 变热 B. 降温 C. 休息 D. 放松 解析： 1. 定位原文：*Many people like to drink iced drinks to cool down*，结合前文“In summer, the temperature often rises to 35℃ or even higher”（夏天温度高）。 2. 找同义逻辑：喝冷饮的目的是“缓解高温”，后文“keep healthy, it’s better to drink warm water instead”也暗示，“cool down”是与“温暖”相反的含义。 3. 匹配选项：“降温”符合语境，与“cool down”同义。答案：B。 易｜错｜提｜醒 1. 不依赖单词本义：猜词的核心是“语境适配”，哪怕知道单词本义，若与上下文不符，也要选语境对应的含义； 2. 避免望文生义：如“black sheep”不是“黑羊”，是“害群之马”，需结合语境判断； 3. 指代猜测优先定位前一句：代词指代的内容，90%在前一句，避免找错范围。 （一） （2026·安徽阜阳·一模）Basketball is a popular and exciting sport loved by Chinese teenagers. It helps them grow stronger and learn teamwork, making it a favorite activity in schools, parks and communities across the country. In August 2025, the first China Mini Basketball National Finals ended successfully in Xiamen. More than 2,200 young players from 297 teams took part in the game, showing great passion for basketball. The event also included the National U14 Youth Basketball League Finals, with 32 teams competing. These games are part of the China Basketball Association’s (CBA) Mini Basketball Development Plan, which started in 2017. Famous basketball stars like Zheng Haixia praised the young players’ skills and love for the sport. By 2025, the mini basketball events had covered nearly 25 provinces and cities, with over 1 million participants (参与者) in total. Around 100 million Chinese teenagers often play basketball, as it builds their bodies and teaches them to work together. These events give young players a chance to follow their dreams. Many look up to basketball heroes and hope to become great players one day. With more standardized games and training, Chinese youth basketball is growing fast, bringing a bright future for the sport. 1．What does the underlined word “passion” mean in English? A．Hobby. B．Love. C．Ability. D．Knowledge. 2．What do Chinese teenagers mainly learn from playing basketball according to the text? A．Teamwork. B．Foreign languages. C．How to win alone. D．How to be famous. 3．What’s the best title for the text? A．Zheng Haixia: A Famous Basketball Star B．The History of CBA’s Mini Basketball Development Plan C．China Mini Basketball: Growing Popular Among Youth D．How Basketball Helps Teenagers Build Strong Bodies 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了迷你篮球在中国青少年中日益流行的情况，包括2025年8月在厦门举行的首届中国迷你篮球全国总决赛、相关赛事情况、参与人数以及迷你篮球对青少年的积极影响等。 1．第二段提到“More than 2,200 young players from 297 teams took part in the game, showing great passion for basketball”，超过2200名年轻球员参赛，展现出对篮球极大的“passion”，结合语境可知是对篮球的热爱，与“love”意思相符，所以“passion”意思是“Love”。 2．第三段提到“Around 100 million Chinese teenagers often play basketball, as it builds their bodies and teaches them to work together”，说明中国青少年打篮球主要是能学会团队合作。 3．文章围绕中国青少年篮球展开，介绍了迷你篮球赛事的发展、参与规模，以及篮球对青少年的积极影响，核心是迷你篮球在青少年中日益流行。 （二） （2025·四川广元·一模）Light is wonderful and amazing. Light from the Sun is the most important of all. Stars give off their own light. The Moon does not make its own light. It can only reflect light from the Sun. Lightning goes through storm clouds, making a very bright light. People who live near the North and South Poles (南北极) sometimes can see the aurora (极光) in the sky. Some animals like fireflies (萤火虫) and many sea animals are able to give off light from themselves. Chemicals inside their bodies work together to make light. However, plenty of light we see every day does not come from nature, it is artificial light. Artificial light is important. It allows people to work and travel at night. Headlights on our cars allow us to see the road at night. Street lights help us to walk safely along the sidewalk. Airplanes take off and land on lighted runways. Artificial light makes our homes safer and more comfortable. It makes our lives easier and more fun. It makes us have fun activities such as movies, video games, and TV. Artificial light has another important job. It can be used to carry information from one place to another. Take a moment to notice light and enjoy its beauty and wonder. Go outside on a sunny day. Feel the warmth of the Sun on your skin. Look at the stars in the night sky. When staying indoors, count the number of artificial lights that you and your family use. 1．Which of the following gives off its own light? A．The Moon. B．The Sun. C．Storm clouds. D．The Earth. 2．How do fireflies and many sea animals make light? A．By looking at the stars. B．By reflecting the moonlight. C．By living near the poles. D．By using the chemicals in their bodies. 3．What does the underlined the word “artificial” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Bright. B．Special. C．Man-made. D．Handmade. 4．What can we learn from the second paragraph? A．Light from street lights comes from nature. B．Artificial light is the most important of all. C．Natural light can be used to carry information. D．Artificial light is important and makes our life better. 5．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．The Wonder of Light B．The Use of Artificial Light C．Different Kinds of Light D．The Importance of Natural Light 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．D 5．A 【解析】本文围绕光的奇妙与多样展开，先介绍自然界的光，说明其天然的形成与存在形式；再讲述人造光的重要性，介绍它在夜间工作出行、生活安全舒适、娱乐活动、信息传递等方面的作用；最后呼吁读者留意光、感受光的美好与神奇，全文既涵盖自然光与人造光的种类、成因，也凸显了光对自然和人类生活的重要意义。 1．第一段第2-4句“Light from the Sun is the most important of all. Stars give off their own light. The Moon does not make its own light.”原文明确说明太阳、星星能自行发光，月亮不能，直接提取原文信息。 2．第一段最后两句“Chemicals inside their bodies work together to make light.”直接说明这类生物能自己发光的原因是体内的化学物质共同作用产生光，直接提取原文信息。 3．第二段第1句“However, plenty of light we see every day does not come from nature, it is artificial light.”划线词前的转折词However衔接前文的自然光，且句子明确说明这种光not come from nature“并非来自自然”，由此可推断词义为“人造的”。 4．第二段首句直接说“Artificial light is important”，后续又介绍它让夜间工作出行成为可能、让家更安全舒适、让生活更便捷有趣、还能传递信息，均体现“让生活变得更好”，与原文内容完全契合，直接提取。 5．文章开头直接点题“Light is wonderful and amazing”，后文既介绍自然光的多样奇妙，也讲人造光的重要作用，最后呼吁感受光的美好与神奇，“光的奇妙”能涵盖全文核心。 （三） （2026·山东滨州·一模）When you play sports or move your body, your muscles (肌肉), bones (骨头) and heart all feel good. Sports and exercise make you happy and strong from the inside out. Why does playing sports feel so good? The mind and the body are connected, so when you are active and move your bodies, your minds usually feel better. This is because sports help reduce pressure. Lildonia Lawrence, a health coach, says paying attention to how your body feels can help you better understand your thoughts and feelings. “Think of a time when you’ve ridden a bike down a hill and felt the wind against your face,” she added. Studies show that if you play sports and do things that make your heart beat faster, you will feel happier and more sure of yourself. This can be helpful when you feel worried or sad. Playing sports also helps the brain work better. It improves memory and helps think more clearly. This is because exercise brings new ideas and happiness to your mind. “Some students walk around the playground during the break. Others start their classes with simple yoga and breathing. These help them feel calm and ready to learn,” she suggests. Lawrence also suggests listing a few kinds of exercise that you enjoy. It doesn’t matter what they are, the aim is to find out what feels good for you. Spend time outdoors, play ball games with friends, walk the dog or dance to music. These all make a positive (积极的) difference. Then, if you suddenly notice you are nervous, you can turn to your list and get going. 1．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 probably express? A．The feeling of happiness and freedom. B．The danger of riding a bike down a hill. C．The feeling of being nervous and scared. 2．What does Lawrence advise students to do during the break? A．Sit still and think about their problems. B．Walk around the playground or do yoga. C．List a few kinds of sports they don’t like. 3．The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 4 refers to ________. A．the exercises you list B．the benefits of doing sports C．the ways of reducing stress 4．What’s the purpose of the passage? A．To list different kinds of sports. B．To share stories about exercising. C．To tell people the benefits of exercise. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了运动和锻炼对身心健康的益处，包括提升心情、减轻压力、增强自信、改善大脑功能等，并给出了健康教练Lildonia Lawrence关于如何通过运动保持积极心态的建议。 1．第二段提到“Think of a time when you’ve ridden a bike down a hill and felt the wind against your face”，这句话描述的是骑自行车下山时风吹在脸上的感觉，结合前文提到运动使人心情变好，可以推断这句话表达的是一种快乐和自由的感觉，而非危险或紧张害怕。 2．第三段中提到“Some students walk around the playground during the break. Others start their classes with simple yoga and breathing. These help them feel calm and ready to learn”，这直接说明Lawrence建议学生在课间休息时在操场上散步或做瑜伽，以帮助他们保持冷静并准备好学习。 3．第四段中提到“Lawrence also suggests listing a few kinds of exercise that you enjoy. It doesn’t matter what they are, the aim is to find out what feels good for you”，这里的“they”指代的是前文提到的“a few kinds of exercise that you enjoy”，即你列出的几种喜欢的运动。 4．文章主要介绍了运动和锻炼对身心健康的多种益处，包括提升心情、减轻压力、增强自信、改善大脑功能等，并给出了健康教练的建议。因此，文章的目的是告诉人们运动的益处。 ◇考点 02 长难句结构分析（重难点：主干拆分、修饰成分识别、逻辑关系理清） 长难句是中考阅读的“拦路虎”——句子长、成分杂（定语、状语、从句嵌套），学生容易读乱、读错核心含义。但所有长难句都可拆解为“主干+修饰”，掌握拆分技巧，就能快速读懂句子核心。 一、考查重点（三大高频长难句类型） 1. 定语从句嵌套：先行词+关系词（who/which/that等）+定语从句，修饰名词/代词； 2. 状语从句嵌套：主句+状语从句（when/if/because等），表时间、条件、原因等； 3. 并列句+修饰成分：由and/but/so连接两个主句，搭配定语、状语，结构复杂但逻辑清晰。 二、解题重难点突破 重点：掌握“主干优先”原则，先找主谓宾/主系表，再分析修饰成分，化繁为简； 难点：识别定语、状语的位置（如定语可在名词前/后，状语可在句首/句中/句尾），区分“从句”与“主句”，避免混淆逻辑。 三、万能长难句拆分技巧（3步搞定所有长难句） 找连词，分主句/从句：圈出并列连词（and、but、so）、从属连词（when、if、because、that），将句子拆分为主句和从句（无连词则为简单句）； 抓主干，找核心含义：主句/从句中，去掉修饰成分（形容词、副词、介词短语、定语从句、状语从句），保留主谓宾（动作的发出者、动作、动作的对象）或主系表（主语、系动词、表语）； 补修饰，懂完整含义：将拆分出的修饰成分（如“什么样的”“在哪里”“为什么”“怎么做”）还原到主干中，理解句子完整含义。 四、典例短文+长难句解析（中考难度） 典例短文 When we talk about environmental protection, many people think of recycling paper and plastic, but there is another important way that we can protect the environment — saving water. Water is one of the most valuable resources on our planet, and it is necessary for all living things to live. However, many people waste water without realizing it, such as leaving the tap running while brushing teeth or washing dishes. We should try our best to save water because it is not only good for the environment but also helpful for our future. 长难句1（状语从句+并列句） 原句：When we talk about environmental protection, many people think of recycling paper and plastic, but there is another important way that we can protect the environment — saving water. 解析（3步拆分）： 1. 找连词：When（从属连词，引导时间状语从句）、but（并列连词，连接两个主句）、that（从属连词，引导定语从句）； 2. 抓主干： - 时间状语从句主干：we talk about environmental protection（我们谈论环境保护）； - 第一个主句主干：many people think of recycling paper and plastic（很多人想到回收纸和塑料）； - 第二个主句主干：there is another important way（还有另一种重要方式）； - 定语从句主干：we can protect the environment（我们可以保护环境）； 3. 补修饰，完整翻译：当我们谈论环境保护时，很多人想到回收纸和塑料，但还有另一种我们可以保护环境的重要方式——节约用水。 长难句2（定语从句+并列结构） 原句：We should try our best to save water because it is not only good for the environment but also helpful for our future. 解析（3步拆分）： 1. 找连词：because（从属连词，引导原因状语从句）、not only...but also...（并列结构，连接两个形容词短语）； 2. 抓主干： - 主句主干：We should try our best to save water（我们应该尽力节约用水）； - 原因状语从句主干：it is good and helpful（它是有益的）； 3. 补修饰，完整翻译：我们应该尽力节约用水，因为它不仅对环境有益，而且对我们的未来有帮助。 长难句3（分词短语作状语+并列句） 原句：However, many people waste water without realizing it, such as leaving the tap running while brushing teeth or washing dishes. 解析（3步拆分）： 1. 找连词：while（从属连词，引导时间状语从句，省略了主语和系动词）、or（并列连词，连接两个动名词短语）； 2. 抓主干：many people waste water（很多人浪费水）； 3. 补修饰，完整翻译：然而，很多人在没有意识到的情况下浪费水，比如刷牙或洗碗时让水龙头一直开着。 易｜错｜提｜醒 1. 拆分时先找“谓语动词”：一个句子（主句/从句）只有一个谓语动词，找到谓语动词，就能快速锁定主语和宾语； 2. 不要被“修饰成分”干扰：定语、状语是“附加信息”，即使去掉，也不影响主干含义，可先跳过，读懂主干再回头看； 3. 注意“省略句”：状语从句中，若主语与主句主语一致，常省略主语和系动词（如while brushing teeth = while they are brushing teeth），需补全理解。 （一） （2026·四川南充·模拟预测）①A bat and a ball cost 1.10 in total. The bat costs 1.00 more than the ball. How much does the ball cost? If you answered 10 cents, you’re not alone—most people give the same answer(the correct answer is 5 cents). It’s an example of how we often depend on intuitive responses (直觉反应). ②The bat and ball question helps explain why we often believe in news that’s not true. It is part of human nature to believe. But the way to deal with untrue news is to verify (验证)—in other words, to stop and question what you know. ③In research, Sloman invented a phenomenon called “Helium Rain” and shared it with a group of volunteers. He told them he couldn’t fully explain it. Most volunteers thought they didn’t get it either and scored their understanding as 1 out of 7 at self-check. Then, another group was told that he could explain it well. These volunteers felt they understood more and scored themselves 2 out of 7. ④Studies also show that knowledge spreads like a contagion (传染疾病). If everyone around you is saying they understand why things happen, then you’ll start thinking that you understand it too. ⑤Another reason for the spread of untrue news is that we are more likely to believe information that supports what we already think. For example, ________ ⑥So, in a world where misleading information is common, is there a way to protect ourselves? “I don’t think it’s possible to train everyone to verify everything that they meet.” Sloman says. ⑦However, training people to care about fact-checking is important. Think of the stories shared on your social media (社交媒体) every day. Perhaps not all of them are true. “We should check things and not just accept them at face value.” Sloman said. 1．What’s the purpose of using the example about the bat and ball question? A．To show us that people often forget skills that they have learned at school. B．To remind us that there is often more than one possible answer to a question. C．To tell us many people give quick answers without thinking twice. D．To suggest we spend more time and work harder on math. 2．Which sentence can be put in the ________? A．you are not sure about a story on social media, so you check for more information. B．you put online a message that gives your own opinion about a news story. C．you don’t believe a bad news story about a singer because you like his voice best. D．you don’t treat the opinion as an enemy even though it goes against what you believe. 3．Which is the best title of the passage? A．Helium Rain: A Great Discovery B．Be Careful When Using Social Media C．Human Nature in Believing D．Stop, Question, and Verify 4．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? A．B． C． D． 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．A 【解析】本文通过球拍和球的问题、“Helium Rain”实验等例子，揭示了人类在认知和信息接收中的常见偏差，并指出在信息繁杂的时代，培养核查事实的意识至关重要。 1．推理判断题。根据第①段“It’s an example of how we often depend on intuitive responses (直觉反应).”可知，球拍和球的问题是为了说明人们常常依赖直觉，不假思索地快速给出答案，而没有进行深入思考。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据“Another reason for the spread of untrue news is that we are more likely to believe information that supports what we already think.”可知，第⑤段的观点是“我们更倾向于相信支持我们已有想法的信息”，选项C“你不相信关于一位歌手的负面新闻，因为你最喜欢他的声音”，正是因为你对歌手的喜爱（已有想法），导致你不相信负面新闻，这符合该段所阐述的认知偏差。故选C。 3．最佳标题题。文章从多个角度分析了人们容易相信不实信息的原因，并反复强调，应对这一问题的方法是“verify (验证)—in other words, to stop and question what you know”以及“We should check things and not just accept them at face value”，因此，“停止、质疑和验证”最能概括文章的核心主张。故选D。 4．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第①段，用球拍和球的例子引出话题，说明人们依赖直觉；第②段，提出核心观点，即应对不实信息的方法是验证和质疑；第③④⑤段，通过 “Helium Rain”实验和知识传播的研究，具体解释人类轻信和从众的天性，分析不实信息传播的另一个原因 —— 人们倾向于相信支持自己既有认知的信息；第⑥段Sloman 指出，不可能训练每个人去验证所有信息；第⑦段转折强调，培养人们核查事实的意识很重要，呼吁大家不要只看表面，要主动验证信息。故选A。 （三） （2025·吉林·二模）A lot of people take up dancing as a hobby after work. In fact, dancing has been considered one of the best exercises to fight bad feelings in recent years. Dancing, which involves (包含) moving the body to different kinds of music, helps our bodies produce much endorphin (内啡肽), a chemical that makes us feel relaxed and happy. While simply listening to music or doing sports can cheer us up, mixing them together gives better results. In a study, a group of German scientists tested some patients under three conditions: a group dancing with music, a group just listening to music, and a group riding bikes without music. The results showed that the first group were the least depressed (沮丧的). Dancing can bring people together, too. Tango, Latin or other social dancing require us to move with others, which can improve our sense of social connection,according to IBSA, a Swiss scientific foundation. Dancing also helps people let go of bad feelings. Studies have found that depression often has to do with sadness about the past or worries about the future. However, dancing helps you focus on the present, connect with your body, and free your mind for a while, as reported by Psych Central, a mental health news website. Lauren Helper, a social worker in Virginia, US, pointed out that if people enjoy music of any kind, dancing can be a helpful way to reduce stress. She also said that dancing can take any form, whether it’s moving around the house to a song or going out dancing with friends. “The important part of movement is that it is fun,” she told Psych Central. 根据短文内容，选择正确答案。 1．What can help you the most when you are sad according to the study? A．Attending a concert. B．Talking to a friend. C．Dancing to music. D．Riding a bike. 2．Why do people take up dancing after work? A．To make money. B．To fight bad feelings. C．To learn new skills. D．To kill time. 3．Which group felt least depressed in the study? A．The group that listening to music. B．The group that riding bikes. C．The group that dancing with music. D．All groups were the same. 4．What is the structure of the passage? A．B．C． D． 5．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．A New Way to Do Sports B．The Best Hobby for Workers C．How to Dance Correctly D．Why Dancing Helps with Mood 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了跳舞作为爱好，能帮人们对抗不良情绪、促进社交联系、助力聚焦当下释放压力，阐述跳舞对情绪等方面的积极作用。 1．细节理解题。根据“Dancing has been considered one of the best exercises to fight bad feelings in recent years.”以及“In a study...the first group were the least depressed (沮丧的).”可知，当难过时，跟着音乐跳舞对改善情绪帮助最大。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“A lot of people take up dancing as a hobby after work. In fact, dancing has been considered one of the best exercises to fight bad feelings in recent years.”可知，人们下班后开始跳舞是为了对抗不良情绪。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“In a study, a group of German scientists tested some patients under three conditions: a group dancing with music, a group just listening to music, and a group riding bikes without music. The results showed that the first group were the least depressed (沮丧的).”可知，跟着音乐跳舞的组最不容易沮丧。故选C。 4．篇章结构题。文章第一段引出跳舞作为对抗不良情绪的运动这一话题；第二段具体说明跳舞如何帮助缓解不良情绪；第三至五段通过研究、观点等具体阐述跳舞在社交和缓解压力方面的益处；第六段总结强调跳舞的乐趣性。因此文章结构为①/②/③④⑤/⑥。故选A。   5．最佳标题题。文章围绕跳舞对情绪的积极影响，从让人放松、研究佐证、促进社交摆脱不良情绪、专业人士看法等方面阐述，选项D“为什么跳舞对情绪有帮助”适合作为标题。故选D。 （三） （2025·山东泰安·三模）①Have you ever watched a hologram (全息影像) during a video call? What if you could chat with your friend as real as standing face-to-face? This magic will probably be powered by 6G the technology that China’s 2025 Two Sessions (两会) marked as a national goal. ②Compared to 5G, 6G promises great improvements, which will support much smoother connections between humans, machines, and the environment, creating a world where everything works smartly together. ③One major improvement is its unbelievably high speed. With the highest speed reaching up to 100GB/s, it is expected to be 100 times faster than 5G. This speed allows users to download a movie within just one second. ④6G’s near-zero latency (延迟) is another step forward. With latency cut to 0.1milliseconds (毫秒), 6G makes real-time control possible. This means doctors will be able to operate on patients thousands of miles away using real-time bolographic tools. Meanwhile, self-driving cars could quickly share real-time traffic condition, cutting accidents by 80%. ⑤Anything more exciting? By connecting towers on the ground with satellites (卫星) close to Earth, “no-service” areas will probably disappear forever, 6G could bring strong signals (信号) to every corner of the planet-deep in the Amazon rainforest, at the top of Mount Qomolangma, or in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, allowing anyone, anywhere, to share moments in real time. ⑥China is taking the lead in 6G research. Tech companies like Huawei and ZTE have made great achievements. China successfully sent the world’s first 6G test satellite into space. The government is also actively supporting plans like building test networks, setting national standards, and helping researchers work with industries. By 2030, the government aims to make 6G available for everyone. ⑦Ye challenges remain Developing 6G may cost 50 times more than 5G. Also, internationat cooperation on standard-setting is needed. But with China’s large market and creative power, experts believe 6G is sure to become a reality and benefit humans in countless ways. ⑧In conclusion, 6G isn’t just faster—it’s a key to a smarter world. As Chinese engineers work tirelessly and push forward, one question remains: How will YOU use 6G to shape tomorrow? 1．Which is the improvement of 6G over 5G? A．Its speed can reach at least 100GB/s. B．It can achieve zero latency. C．It may cost 50 times more than 5G technology. D．It makes s smarter world with better connections. 2．According to the text, which of the following bas already been achieved in 6G technology? A．Watching hologram during s video call. B．Sending a test satellite into space. C．Making 6G available for everyone in China. D．Setting international standards. 3．Why does the article end with the underlined question? A．To warn readers of possible risks of 6G technology. B．To suggest readers plan for their future as early as possible. C．To show readers the importance of taking a lead in 6G technology. D．To encourage readers to think about their role in a 6G-powered world. 4．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? A．B．C． D． 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了6G技术相较于5G在速度、延迟、覆盖范围等方面的显著提升，并进一步说明中国在该领域的进展与面临的挑战，最后以设问形式鼓励读者思考在6G时代该如何发挥自身作用。 1．细节理解题。根据“Compared to 5G, 6G promises great improvements, which will support much smoother connections between humans, machines, and the environment, creating a world where everything works smartly together.”可知，6G能打造一个连接更好的更智能世界。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“China successfully sent the world’s first 6G test satellite into space.”可知，中国已成功将世界上第一颗6G测试卫星送入太空 。故选B。 3．推理判断题。文章结尾“How will YOU use 6G to shape tomorrow?”，是鼓励读者思考自己在6G 世界中能发挥的作用。故选D。 4．篇章结构题。通读全文可知文章先引入6G话题（第①段），再提出6G的主要优势（第②段），然后从速度、延迟、覆盖范围等方面展开（第③-⑤段），接着介绍中国的研究进展和挑战（第⑥-⑦段），最后总结并提出发人深省的问题（第⑧段）。与选项B所示结构相符：前两段总说，随后三段分别阐述具体优势，接着两段论述进展与挑战，最后一段总结收尾。故选B。 典｜例｜精｜析 典例3（2025·山东临沂·三模）On April 15th, 2023, the 15th Guizhou Tea Industry Expo (茶博会), themed “Clean Guizhou Tea, Shared Globally”, was opened in Zunyi. It attracted leaders, experts, buyers, lovers to enjoy the tea. For thousands of years, the tea is loved by many people around the world for its special taste. Chinese tea culture began over 5,000 years ago. It’s said that the ruler Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink by accident. But during the Three-Kingdom Period, people paid more attention to its medical value. In the Tang Dynasty, tea-tasting became an important part of poets’ life. Our big fan of tea, Bai Juyi, wrote about 60 poems about tea in his lifetime. In China, traditional tea planting depends on location and natural environment. The area of tea planting is about between 18°~37°N and 94°~122°E. This is why the tea in Zunyi is so delicious and famous. Tea-tasting customs also influenced the world through the ancient Silk Road. In Western countries, tea first had the greatest influence on Britain in the 17th century, and then the whole of Europe. When it came to the late 18th and 19th centuries, 10% of British people’s income (收入) was spent on tea, making it an important expensive product. Now, the tea in Guizhou or other areas of China has become cultural treasure of humans. 1．What does the underlined word “It” refer to (指代) in Paragraph 1? A．Guizhou Tea Industry Expo B．Guizhou C．Zunyi 2．How does the writer tell the history of tea in Paragraph 2? A．By listing numbers B．By giving an example C．By comparing 3．Which is the best place to grow tea plants? A．① B．② C．③ 4．Which of the following shows the structure of the text? A． B． C． 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了2023年4月15日遵义举办的第15届贵州茶博会，展现中国茶5000多年历史、种植条件及对世界的影响，其已成人类文化瑰宝。 1．词句猜测题。根据“Guizhou Tea Industry Expo, themed ‘Clean Guizhou Tea, Shared Globally’”可知，“It”指代的是贵州茶博会。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据“For thousands of years, the tea is loved by many people around the world for its special taste.”可知，作者通过列举不同时期的事例来讲述茶的历史。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“The area of tea planting is about between 18°~37°N and 94°~122°E.”可知，最佳种植区域是北纬18°至37°、东经94°至122°之间的地区。故选B。 4．篇章结构题。分析文章结构，第一段介绍茶博会，第二段讲茶的历史，第三段讲茶的种植，第四段讲茶文化的传播，最后总结茶的价值。因此A选项符合文章结构。故选A。 方｜法｜提｜练 一、 解题核心逻辑 1. 语境优先，破解生词的 “逻辑线索” ・核心原则：词义猜测题的答案 90% 以上都能在上下文找到逻辑呼应，无需孤立背诵生词本义。 ・操作方法： 向前找：定位划线词前后的因果、转折、并列逻辑词（because、but、however、and），捕捉推理依据。 向后找：重点看解释性短语、定语从句或同位语，这些往往是对生词的直接定义或补充。 全段找：关注同义替换或反义对比，通过已知词汇反向推断生词含义，这是中考最常见的考法。 ・示例：本文第 3 题划线词 “irritate”，后文紧跟 “and cause stomachache（导致胃痛）”，利用并列逻辑直接提示其含义为 “刺激”，这就是典型的 “语境逻辑呼应”。 2. 结构拆解，读懂长难句的 “主干优先” ・核心原则：长难句并非不可读，拆解出主谓宾主干，就能剥离所有修饰干扰，读懂核心句意。 ・操作方法： 找连词：圈出并列连词（and、but、so）和从属连词（when、if、because），划分句子板块。 抓主干：识别句子核心主语、谓语、宾语，剥离定语、状语等修饰成分，还原简单句结构。 补修饰：将剥离的修饰成分按逻辑还原，理解完整句意，避免被冗长从句误导。 ・示例：长难句 “We should try our best to save water because it is not only good for the environment but also helpful for our future.”，通过 “because” 拆分主句与原因状语从句，抓主干 “We should try our best to save water”，再补充原因，瞬间读懂。 3. 逻辑验证，规避 “望文生义” 的陷阱 ・核心原则：判断词义或长难句含义时，必须贴合全文语境，杜绝主观猜测和字面直译。 ・操作方法： 排除干扰：排除与原文逻辑矛盾、偷换概念、超出原文范围的选项。 语境匹配：将推断的词义 / 句意代入原文，验证是否符合情节发展、情感倾向和生活逻辑。 ・示例：猜测 “cool down” 时，结合前文 “夏天温度高” 和后文 “喝温水” 的语境，可排除 “变热”“休息”，锁定 “降温” 这一合理含义。 二、 实战解题步骤 1. 通读全文，标记生词与长难句 快速浏览全文（1-2 分钟），不纠结生词，重点圈出：① 划线词（词义猜测题）；② 结构复杂的长句（结构分析题），建立 “线索标记库”，为后续精准突破做准备。 2. 逐题分析，锁定解题依据 对每个题目，精准定位并分析： ◦ 词义猜测题：如第 2 题划线词 “irritate”，定位原文 “Cold drinks can irritate the stomach and cause stomachache.”，通过 “and” 引导的并列因果逻辑，锁定 “cause stomachache” 作为推断依据。 ◦ 长难句分析题：如第 4 题长句，定位原句并圈出连词 “because”“not only…but also…”，拆分主句和从句，抓出核心主干 “We should try our best to save water”。 3. 逻辑推导，精准解读答案 结合定位到的线索，进行合理推导： ◦ 词义猜测：根据前后逻辑、解释或同义替换，推断划线词含义，匹配选项。 ◦ 长难句分析：剥离修饰成分，还原主干，理解核心句意，再结合修饰成分验证完整含义。 4. 代入验证，确保逻辑连贯 将推导的答案代入原文，验证： ◦ 词义猜测：所选含义是否符合全文语境，是否存在望文生义（如 “green hand” 不是 “绿手”）。 ◦ 长难句分析：解读的句意是否符合全文逻辑，是否遗漏关键信息或过度解读。 6 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $