专题13 短文填空（首字母、提示词）：语篇逻辑重构（培优讲义）（全国通用）2026年中考英语二轮复习高效培优系列

专题13 短文填空（首字母/提示词）：语篇逻辑重构 目 录 第一部分 考情精析 锁定靶心 高效备考 第二部分 重难考点深解 深度溯源 扫清盲区 【考点01】实词 【考点02】虚词 【考点03】词性转换 第三部分 解题思维优化 典例精析+方法提炼+变式巩固 核心考向聚焦 语境推断与词汇应用是考查重点，在各地中考中频繁出现。动词时态、语态、非谓语变形，名词单复数、所有格，形容词/副词级别及词性转换也有涉及，其中词性转换、固定搭配考查比重逐年上升，单纯词汇拼写考查占比下降。 关键能力与思维瓶颈 关键能力：掌握首字母提示下的语境推断技巧，能结合语篇主旨、逻辑关系锁定单词；熟练掌握动词时态（一般现在/过去/将来、现在完成时）、语态及非谓语动词（to do/doing）变形规则；牢记名词、形容词/副词的核心变形及常见词性转换规律（如care→careful→carefully）；熟练掌握介词、连词、代词的高频固定搭配，能在语境中精准匹配。需通过语篇练习、分类记忆突破。 培优瓶颈：主要受中文思维干扰，忽略语境逻辑与语法规则的结合，仅靠首字母盲目猜测单词；词汇积累碎片化，易混淆近义词汇（如see/look/watch）、不规则变形（如child→children）；对词性转换的前缀/后缀记忆不牢固，固定搭配掌握不灵活，在综合语篇中易出现拼写、变形错误。需强化语境分析、归类记忆与错题复盘。 命题前瞻与备考策略 预测：2026年中考中，将继续以语篇为载体，侧重考查真实语境下首字母提示的单词推断与语法变形，减少孤立词汇考查；动词、词性转换、固定搭配仍为考查重点，会增加语境逻辑复杂度（如转折、因果关系的隐含表达）；选材贴近学生生活、热点话题（如校园生活、环保、科技），注重考查语言应用能力，避免机械记忆类题目。 策略：备考应放弃对孤立词汇、语法规则的死记硬背，转向“语篇建模”与“应用落地”。重点训练：1. 紧扣中考真题，建立首字母填空错题本，按考点（动词、名词、词性转换等）分类整理，标注错误原因（语境判断失误、变形错误、固定搭配遗忘），强化针对性突破；2. 分类积累高频词汇及变形，重点记忆不规则动词、易错名词复数、常见前缀/后缀，结合短语搭配记忆，避免孤立背诵；3. 专项训练语境推断能力，通过通读语篇、标记逻辑标志词，提升首字母提示下的单词锁定准确率，定期进行整篇语篇限时练习，适配中考节奏。 ◇考点 01 实词 考点1：动词（必考，分值最高，难点） 考查重点：时态（一般现在/过去/将来时、现在完成时）、语态（主动/被动）、主谓一致、非谓语动词（to do/doing），结合首字母和语境判断动词原形及变形。 解题思路：1. 根据上下文判断动作发生的时间（找时间标志词）；2. 确定动词是谓语还是非谓语；3. 结合首字母写出原形，再根据语法规则变形。 典例1（时态+主谓一致） He u______ goes to school by bike. His home is far from school.（首字母u） 解析：结合语境“他______骑自行车上学，家离学校远”，首字母u，推断单词为usually（通常）；时态为一般现在时，主语he是三单，但usually是副词，无需变形，答案：usually。 典例2（时态+动词变形） Last week, we v______ the Great Wall with our teachers. It was wonderful.（首字母v） 解析：时间标志词last week（上周），确定时态为一般过去时；结合语境“参观长城”，首字母v，原形为visit，过去式变形为visited，答案：visited。 易错提醒：勿忽略时态变形（如go→went、see→seen）；非谓语动词需结合固定搭配（如want to do，首字母t，填to do对应的动词）。 考点2：名词（高频，易丢分） 考查重点：单复数、不规则复数、所有格，结合首字母和修饰词（many、a/an、some等）判断。 解题思路：1. 根据首字母和语境确定名词原形；2. 看空前修饰词（many、several→复数；a/an→单数）；3. 注意不规则复数变形。 典例1（规则复数） There are many t______ in our school. They work hard to teach us.（首字母t） 解析：结合语境“学校里有很多______，他们努力教我们”，首字母t，推断为teacher；空前many修饰，需变复数teachers，答案：teachers。 典例2（不规则复数） My mother bought two k______ of apples yesterday. They are fresh.（首字母k） 解析：结合语境“买了两______苹果”，首字母k，推断为kilo（千克）；two后接复数，kilo的复数为kilos，答案：kilos。 易错提醒：不规则复数（如child→children、foot→feet）需牢记；注意名词所有格（如teacher’s office，首字母t，填teacher’s）。 考点3：形容词/副词（高频，难点在转换） 考查重点：形副转换、原级/比较级/最高级，结合语境判断词性（修饰名词用形容词，修饰动词/形容词用副词）。 解题思路：1. 根据修饰对象判断是形容词还是副词；2. 结合首字母确定原形；3. 看语境（than→比较级；in/of范围→最高级）。 典例1（形副转换） She sings very w______. Everyone likes her songs.（首字母w） 解析：修饰动词sings，需用副词；结合语境“唱得很好”，首字母w，推断为well，答案：well。 典例2（比较级） This book is m______ interesting than that one. I like it better.（首字母m） 解析：标志词than，确定用比较级；结合语境“更有趣”，首字母m，推断为more，答案：more。 易错提醒：勿混淆形容词和副词（如quick→quickly）；比较级/最高级变形（如big→bigger、good→better）。 考点4：代词（人称、物主、不定代词） 考查重点：人称代词（主格/宾格）、物主代词（形物代/名物代）、不定代词（something、anything、everyone等），结合指代对象判断。 解题思路：1. 确定指代的人/物；2. 判断所需代词的类型（主格/宾格、形物代/名物代）；3. 结合首字母推断单词。 典例1（反身代词） The little boy can dress h______. He is very independent.（首字母h） 解析：固定搭配dress oneself（自己穿衣），指代the little boy，首字母h，推断为himself，答案：himself。 典例2（不定代词） There is s______ wrong with my phone. It can’t work.（首字母s） 解析：结合语境“手机出了______问题，不能用了”，首字母s，推断为something，固定搭配something wrong（出问题），答案：something。 易错提醒：区分形物代（my、your）和名物代（mine、yours）；不定代词的用法（something用于肯定句，anything用于否定句/疑问句）。 （一） （2025·江苏淮安·中考真题）根据短文内容及所给首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整、通顺，每空一词。 Rabbits are small and cute animals with white fur, long ears and soft bodies. Many people keep one as a p 1 at home. But the rabbits in the wild are not the s 2 as those at home. The information below may help you know more about them. What do wild rabbits e 3 ? You may think they like carrots best. However, they would rather choose green plants, such as grass and vegetables. Sometimes, they also eat crops, s 4 farmers may not welcome them. Where do wild rabbits live? Most of them live in the fields, forests or grasslands. They are g 5 at digging holes. They dig underground holes which can provide space from enemies and bad weather. The holes can also be used to store food and raise the y 6 . Also, some wild rabbits may live in the bushes. H 7 do wild rabbits keep safe? They have many enemies, such as foxes and snakes. To survive, they use clever tricks. For example, when other animals hunt them, they will run away in a special way, so they won’t be c 8 easily. Also, their special eyes allow them to notice d 9 from almost every direction. Though they are not very strong, their amazing abilities help them live through the hard conditions in nature. There are also some fun facts about wild rabbits. Can you imagine they can j 10 as high as 2 metres? Their front teeth never stop growing, so they need to chew (咀嚼) every day to stop them from getting too long. Isn’t that amazing? 【答案】 1．(p)et 2．(s)ame 3．(e)at 4．(s)o 5．(g)ood 6．(y)oung 7．(H)ow 8．(c)aught 9．(d)anger/(d)angers 10．(j)ump 【解析】文介绍了野兔的生活习性、栖息地和自我保护方式等有趣知识。根据上下文和首字母提示，我们可以补全空缺的单词，使文章内容完整通顺。 1．句意： 许多人把它当作宠物养在家里。根据“Rabbits”和“keep one as a …”及首字母p可知，家养动物通常称为“宠物”（pet），a后跟单数名词。故填(p)et。 2．句意： 但野外的兔子与家养的兔子不一样。根据“not the …as...”及首字母s可知，此处两者不一样，用“not the same as”表示“和……不一样”，故填(s)ame。 3．句意： 野兔会吃什么？根据“What do wild rabbits … You may think they like carrots best”及首字母e可知，询问它们“吃”（eat）什么，助动词do后跟动词原形，故填(e)at。 4．句意： 它们有时也吃庄稼，所以农民可能不欢迎它们。根据“they also eat crops”和“farmers may not welcome them”及首字母s可知，前后为因果关系，后半句表结果，用so“所以”连接。故填(s)o。 5．句意： 它们擅长挖洞。根据“ar....at digging holes”及首字母g可知，此处指兔子擅长挖洞，固定搭配“be good at”表示“擅长”，故填(g)ood。 6．句意： 洞穴也可用于储存食物和养育幼崽。根据“raise the y…”及首字母y可知，养育对象应为“幼崽”（young），the+形容词表示“一类人”，故填(y)oung。 7．句意： 野兔如何保护自身安全？根据“keep safe”和“They have many enemies, such as foxes and snakes. To survive, they use clever tricks. ”及首字母H可知，此处是询问保护自己的方式，需用“How”，故填(H)ow。 8．句意： 例如，当其他动物猎杀它们时，它们会以一种特殊的方式逃跑，所以它们不会被轻易被抓住。根据“ they will run away in a special way, so they won’t be...”及首字母c可知，逃跑是为了不被抓住，catch“抓住”，be后应跟过去分词caught构成被动语态，故填(c)aught。 9．句意： 而且，它们的特殊眼睛能让它们察觉来自各个方向的危险（事物）。这里讲的是他们保护自己的方式，结合“notice d…”及首字母d可知，此处指它们的眼睛可以关注到周围的危险（事物），danger“危险；危险物；威胁”，既是可数名词又是不可数名词，当表示具体的 “危险的事物、威胁” 时，常以可数形式出现；当表示抽象的 “危险” 概念时，多为不可数 。这里两种均可，作可数名词时，需用复数形式。故填(d)anger/(d)angers。 10．句意： 你能想象它们能跳高达2米吗？根据“as high as 2 metres”及首字母j可知，此处指跳跃（jump）的高度，can后跟动词原形。故填(j)ump。 （二） （2025·天津·中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 Today the earth is getting warmer and warmer. But hundreds of years a 1 , people had a different problem—a 400-year cold period! From the 1400s to the 1800s, winters in the northern half of the earth were c 2 and longer than they are now. Scientists c 3 this time the “Little Ice Age” (小冰期). The colder weather b 4 many serious problems. Plants died of cold and illness spread among people. People had to spend a lot more time collecting wood for fires to keep their house warm. And sometimes, a h 5 piece of ice would slide down (滑落) a mountain and destroy (摧毁) some villages. Scientists think the Little Ice Age was caused by forces (力量) that people could not control. One cause (起因), in their opinion, was the sun. The sun often has “storms” of energy called sunspots (太阳黑子). During the Little Ice Age, there were fewer sunspots than there are t 6 . With fewer sunspots, the sun was giving out less e 7 which made the earth warm. Volcanic eruption (火山爆发) was probably a 8 natural cause. During the Little Ice Age, many volcanoes erupted. Their dust (灰尘) might stop the sun’s l 9 and heat from reaching the earth. Today we are seeing the influences of rising temperature. Scientists think people are causing this change by b 10 a lot of coal and oil. So we need to change our way of living. 【答案】 1．(a)go 2．(c)older 3．(c)all 4．(b)rought 5．(h)uge 6．(t)oday 7．(e)nergy 8．(a)nother 9．(l)ight 10．(b)urning 【解析】本文主要讲述了地球在历史上经历的“小冰期”现象及其可能的原因，并与当前全球变暖现象进行对比。 1．句意：但几百年前，人们面临一个不同的问题——持续400年的寒冷时期！根据“hundreds of years”和时间对比语境以及所给首字母可知，此处需用表示过去的时间副词，ago“以前”符合语境。故填(a)go。 2．句意：从15世纪到19世纪，北半球的冬天比现在更寒冷且更漫长。根据“winters in the northern half of the earth were...and longer than”和所给首字母可知，北半球的冬天比现在更寒冷且更漫长，此处应用cold“寒冷的”的比较级colder。故填(c)older。 3．句意：科学家称这个时期为“小冰期”。根据“Scientists...this time the ‘Little Ice Age’ (小冰期).”和所给首字母可知，科学家应是称这个时期为“小冰期”，call“称作”，主语“Scientists”为复数，且描述客观事实，动词用原形。故填(c)all。 4．句意：更寒冷的天气带来了许多严重的问题。根据“The colder weather...many serious problems.”和所给首字母可知，更寒冷的天气应是带来了许多严重的问题，“带来”bring，此处用过去式brought与上下文时态一致，描述过去发生的事。故填(b)rought。 5．句意：有时，一大块冰会从山上滑落并摧毁一些村庄。根据“piece of ice would slide down (滑落) a mountain and destroy (摧毁) some villages.”和所给首字母可知，应是一大块冰从山上滑落，才会摧毁一些村庄，“巨大的”huge，形容词作定语。故填(h)uge。 6．句意：在小冰期，太阳黑子比现在更少。与“During the Little Ice Age”形成时间对比，此处需用表示现在的副词。结合所给首字母可知，today“现在”，符合语境。故填(t)oday。 7．句意：太阳黑子减少，导致太阳释放的使地球变暖的能量更少。动词“giving out”后接名词作宾语，根据科学常识和所给首字母可知，此处指“能量”energy，不可数名词。故填(e)nergy。 8．句意：火山爆发可能是另一个自然原因。前文已提及太阳是原因之一，此处应表示另一个原因，结合所给首字母可知，another“另一、又一”符合语境。故填(a)nother。 9．句意：火山灰可能会阻挡太阳的光和热量到达地球。与“heat”并列，需用名词“光”light，不可数形式。故填(l)ight。 10．句意：科学家认为人类通过燃烧大量煤炭和石油导致了这一变化。根据“people are causing this change by...a lot of coal and oil. So we need to change our way of living”和所给首字母可知，应是燃烧煤炭和石油，burn“燃烧”，by后接动名词。故填(b)urning。 ◇考点 02 虚词 考点1：介词（固定搭配为主） 考查重点：时间介词、方式介词、固定搭配（如look after、be good at），结合首字母和后面的名词/动词短语判断。 解题思路：1. 结合语境判断介词含义（时间、地点、方式等）；2. 联想首字母对应的固定搭配；3. 验证是否符合语义。 典例1（固定搭配） My sister is good a______ drawing. She can draw beautiful pictures.（首字母a） 解析：固定搭配be good at（擅长），首字母a，答案：at。 典例2（时间介词） We will have a picnic o______ Sunday morning. Would you like to join us?（首字母o） 解析：具体某一天的上午，用介词on；首字母o，答案：on。 易错提醒：牢记高频固定搭配，避免介词误用（如in the morning、at 7 o’clock）。 考点2：连词（逻辑关系为主） 考查重点：并列连词（and、but、or、so）、从属连词（because、if、when、though），结合上下文逻辑判断。 解题思路：1. 分析前后句子的逻辑关系（顺承、转折、因果、条件等）；2. 结合首字母确定连词；3. 验证逻辑是否连贯。 典例1（转折关系） He is young, b______ he knows a lot about history.（首字母b） 解析：前后句“年轻”和“懂很多历史”是转折关系，首字母b，推断为but，答案：but。 典例2（因果关系） I didn’t go to school yesterday b______ I was ill.（首字母b） 解析：前后句“没上学”和“生病”是因果关系，首字母b，推断为because，答案：because。 易错提醒：勿混淆连词含义（如or表“否则”/选择，and表顺承）；避免because和so连用。 考点3：冠词（a/an/the，基础但易丢分） 考查重点：a/an（泛指）、the（特指）、零冠词，结合首字母和名词的泛指/特指判断。 解题思路：1. 看名词是否首次出现（首次→a/an；上文提过→the）；2. 看名词发音（元音音素开头→an，辅音→a）；3. 结合首字母推断。 典例 I saw ______ old man on the street. The old man was looking for his dog.（首字母a/an，结合语境） 解析：old是元音音素开头，首次提到“一位老人”，首字母a/an，推断为an，答案：an。 易错提醒：勿忽略元音音素开头的单词用an（如an apple、an hour）；独一无二的事物（the sun、the moon）用the。 （一） （2025·江苏镇江·中考真题）根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。 Exams are not just a way to check what you have learned. They are also a c 1 to improve your learning skills. Here’s h 2 you can make the most use of every exam. Before the exam, you can review what you’ve learned in an organized w 3 by using the textbook’s table of contents. You can a 4 practice different types of questions to prepare for specific topics. In the last 10 minutes before the exam, you can ask yourself a few simple questions to make you confident. During the exam, you should complete each question carefully. Exams can c 5 help you practice completing tasks under stress. The time limit and formal settings help you develop your time management skills. You can always p 6 your time for each part and decide on the best order to answer the questions. By practicing, you can develop a rhyme that works for you because the best way is the one that suits you. A 7 the exam, you can take time to learn from your mistakes and think about your time management. It’s good to write down disadvantages from every exam in a s 8 “exam handbook”. And you can read it before the n 9 exam as a whole reminder of past mistakes and key points to pay attention to. If making a n 10 what you haven’t mastered, you can go back to textbooks and do some similar exercises. By following these steps, you can surely get the most out of every exam and continue learning. 【答案】 1．(c)hance 2．(h)ow 3．(w)ay 4．(a)lso 5．(c)ertainly 6．(p)lan/(p)repare 7．(A)fter 8．(s)pecial 9．(n)ext 10．(n)ote 【解析】本文讲述了考试不只是检验所学知识的方式，更是提升学习技能的机会，并介绍了考前、考中、考后充分利用每次考试的方法。 1．句意：它们也是一个提高你学习技能的机会。根据首字母“c”及“to improve your learning skills”可知，此处指“机会”，“chance”意为“机会”，名词，符合语境。故填(c)hance。 2．句意：以下是你如何充分利用每次考试的方法。根据首字母“h”及“you can make the most use of every exam”可知，此处指“如何”，“how”意为“如何”，符合语境。故填(h)ow。 3．句意：在考试前，你可以通过使用课本的目录，以一种有条理的方式复习你所学的知识。根据首字母“w”及“in an organized...”可知，此处指“方式”，“way”意为“方式”，符合语境。故填(w)ay。 4．句意：你也可以练习不同类型的问题，为特定的主题做准备。根据首字母“a”及“practice different types of questions”可知，此处指“也”，“also”意为“也”，符合语境。故填(a)lso。 5．句意：考试当然可以帮助你练习在压力下完成任务。根据首字母“c”及“help you practice completing tasks under stress”可知，此处指“当然”，“certainly”意为“当然”，符合语境。故填(c)ertainly。 6．句意：你总是可以为每个部分计划/准备时间，并决定回答问题的最佳顺序。根据首字母“p”及“your time for each part”可知，此处指“计划/准备”时间，plan“计划”/prepare“准备”符合语境，且情态动词“can”后用动词原形。故填(p)lan/(p)repare。 7．句意：考试后，你可以花时间从错误中学习，并思考你的时间管理。根据首字母“A”及“you can take time to learn from your mistakes”可知，此处指“在…… 之后”，“After”意为“在…… 之后”，介词，符合语境。故填(A)fter。 8．句意：把每次考试的缺点写在一本特别的“考试手册”里是很好的。根据首字母“s”及“exam handbook”可知，此处指“特别的”，“special”意为“特别的”。符合语境，故填(s)pecial。 9．句意：在下次考试前，你可以阅读它，作为对过去错误和需要注意的要点的整体提醒。根据首字母“n”及“exam”可知，此处指“下一个”，“next”意为“下一个”，符合语境。故填(n)ext。 10．句意：如果把你还没掌握的东西做个笔记，你可以回到课本上做一些类似的练习。根据首字母“n”及“making a...”可知，此处指“笔记”，“note”意为“笔记”，“make a note”表示“做笔记”，动词短语，符合语境。故填(n)ote。 （二） （2025·江苏扬州·中考真题）根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。(每空一词) Chinese writer Wang Zengqi once wrote, “When I arrive in a new place... I prefer to visit the local farmers market to see live chickens and ducks, fresh vegetables and bright fruits. It’s lively and brings me a sense of the joy of l 1 .” Nowadays, more people feel the same as Wang. They love to explore farmers markets wherever they visit. These traditional markets, which used to be just local s 2 places, are attracting visitors during holidays, especially the young. They think visiting a city w 3 exploring farmers markets is a waste of a trip. There they can enjoy mouthwatering food, local culture and real nature of a city. Luo Yan, a tour lover, travels around markets nationwide. He agrees these farmers markets are c 4 to local people’s daily life than those scenic spots (风景点) and supermarkets which seem all the same everywhere. In Xi’an, he enjoyed tasty Roujiamo, w 5 in Inner Mongolia, he tasted the famous air-dried beef. The generous sellers e 6 shared with him some trade secrets. Foreign travellers, too, consider these markets as interesting w 7 into Chinese daily life. Luo Yan noticed a group of American tourists walking around a farmers market in Beijing. They talked with the sellers though they had difficulties with l 8 and could not stop trying local snacks. The visit left a lasting impression on those foreign visitors. They are touched by the energy of locals and the flavour of Chinese daily life. The popularity of farmers markets among visitors shows an important c 9 —from a focus on scenes that cover every place to deeper experiences of local life. As part of this trend, many old farmers markets are upgraded or set to reopen. One of them is the Chongwenmen farmers market, which was b 10 in 1976. After 15 years of closure, it reopened to the public earlier this year. 【答案】 1．(l)ife 2．(s)hopping 3．(w)ithout 4．(c)loser 5．(w)hile 6．(e)ven 7．(w)indows 8．(l)anguage 9．(c)hange 10．(b)uilt 【解析】本文主要讲述了农贸市场作为体验当地文化和生活的窗口，越来越受到游客的青睐，并成为旅游新趋势的现象。 1．句意：它充满活力，给我带来了生活的喜悦。根据“I prefer to visit the local farmers market to see live chickens and ducks, fresh vegetables and bright fruits”可知，贸市场带来生活的喜悦，the joy of life表示“生活的喜悦”，故填(l)ife。 2．句意：这些传统市场过去只是当地的购物场所，现在吸引了假期游客，尤其是年轻人。根据“These traditional markets”和首字母“s”可知，此处指“购物场所”。shopping“购物”，作定语修饰places。故填(s)hopping。 3．句意：他们认为不探索农贸市场的城市之旅是浪费。根据“visiting a city...exploring farmers markets is a waste”和首字母“w”可知，此处表示没有探索农贸市场的城市旅行是浪费，需用介词without。故填(w)ithout。 4．句意：他认为农贸市场比千篇一律的景点和超市更贴近当地人的日常生活。根据“are...to local people’s daily life”和首字母“c”可知，农贸市场比景点和超市更贴近当地人生活，此处需用比较级，closer“更接近的”符合语境。故填(c)loser。 5．句意：在西安，他品尝了肉夹馍，而在内蒙古，他尝试了著名的风干牛肉。根据“In Xi’an...in Inner Mongolia”和首字母“w”可知，此处表示对比，需用连词while“而”。故填(w)hile。 6．句意：慷慨的卖家甚至与他分享了一些行业秘密。根据“shared with him some trade secrets.”和首字母“e”可知，此处表示递进，需用副词even“甚至”，表示卖家甚至与他分享了一些行业秘密。故填(e)ven。 7．句意：外国游客也认为这些市场是了解中国日常生活的有趣窗口。根据“interesting ... into Chinese daily life”和首字母“w”可知，此处比喻为“窗口”，window“窗口”，复数名词表泛指。故填(w)indows。 8．句意：尽管他们语言不通，但仍与卖家交谈，并不停尝试当地小吃。根据“They talked with the sellers though they had difficulties”和首字母“l”可知，此处指“语言障碍”。language“语言”，名词。故填(l)anguage。 9．句意：农贸市场的流行显示了一个重要变化——从关注千篇一律的景点转向深度体验当地生活。根据“shows an important”和首字母“c”可知，此处指一个重要变化。change“变化”，名词。故填(c)hange。 10．句意：其中之一是崇文门农贸市场，它建于1976年。根据“in 1976”和首字母“b”可知，此处需用被动语态，表示“被建造”，built“建造”，过去分词。故填(b)uilt。 ◇考点 03 词性转换 考点：词性转换（高频难点） 考查重点：动词→名词、名词→形容词、形容词→副词、加前缀/后缀（如un-、in-、-ful、-less），结合首字母和语境判断词性。 解题思路：1. 分析句子成分，确定所需词性；2. 结合首字母和词根，推断变形后的单词；3. 注意前缀/后缀的正确使用。 典例1（动词→名词） His d______ to study hard made him get good grades.（首字母d） 解析：句子缺主语，需用名词；结合语境“努力学习的______”，首字母d，词根为decide（动词，决定），变形为decision（名词），答案：decision。 典例2（加否定前缀） It’s i______ to finish the work in five minutes. We need more time.（首字母i） 解析：结合语境“五分钟完成工作是______的，我们需要更多时间”，首字母i，推断为impossible（不可能的），由possible加否定前缀im-构成，答案：impossible。 易错提醒：牢记常见词根和后缀（如care→careful→carefully、use→useful→useless）。 （一） （2025·江苏盐城·中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使其意思完整。 Eddy was from Brussels. One day, his mother took him outside their small store and surprised him with a new bike. The four-year-old Eddy was very e 1 and couldn’t wait to learn to ride. With his father’s help, he tried hard. He f 2 down a lot of times but didn’t give up. As Eddy grew older, he loved riding his bike everywhere. When he was seven and started school, his father b 3 a new bike for him. He rode it to carry food and things to people’s houses. It helped him win high p 4 from the neighbourhood. Eddy became interested in bike races after seeing a champion rider. He r 5 wanted to be a bike racer. He worked hard and saved m 6 to buy a race bike. Eddy had a hard time in the beginning. But he never lost heart and he took an a 7 part in different kinds of races. Two years later, in a small town, Eddy joined in a race. Most riders were taller or stronger. Some people didn’t think he could f 8 the race. But Eddy kept pedaling hard. By the fourth lap (圈), some riders got tired, but Eddy didn’t stop. In the end, he passed all the o 9 riders and won his first race! Eddy went on to have a great career in bike racing. He won many big races. He became one of the b 10 bike racers in the world. His never-give-up spirit inspired a lot of people. 【答案】 1．(e)xcited 2．(f)ell 3．(b)ought 4．(p)raise 5．(r)eally 6．(m)oney 7．(a)ctive 8．(f)inish 9．(o)ther 10．(b)est 【解析】本文讲述了Eddy的自行车骑行和比赛经历，他凭借坚持不懈的精神最终成为了世界顶尖的自行车手之一。 1．句意：四岁的Eddy非常兴奋，迫不及待地想学骑车。根据“couldn’t wait to learn to ride”可知，Eddy迫不及待地想学骑车，说明他很兴奋，结合首字母提示可知，此处使用形容词excited“兴奋的”，在句中作表语，修饰人。故填(e)xcited。 2．句意：他摔倒了很多次，但没有放弃。根据“down a lot of times but didn’t give up”可知，此处指他摔倒了很多次，但没有放弃，结合首字母提示可知，此处使用fall，fall down“摔倒”，固定短语；根据“didn’t give up”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词使用过去式，fall的过去式为fell。故填(f)ell。 3．句意：当他七岁开始上学时，他的父亲给他买了一辆新自行车。根据“a new bike for him”可知，此处指他的父亲给他买了一辆新自行车，结合首字母提示可知，此处使用buy，buy sth. for sb.“为某人买某物”，固定短语；根据“When he was seven and started school”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词使用过去式，buy的过去式为bought。故填(b)ought。 4．句意：这帮助他赢得了邻居们的高度赞扬。根据“It helped him win high…from the neighbourhood.”的语境并结合首字母提示可知，此处指帮助他赢得了邻居们的高度赞扬，praise“赞扬”，不可数名词。故填(p)raise。 5．句意：他真的很想成为一名自行车手。根据“Eddy became interested in bike races after seeing a champion rider.”可知，在看到冠军车手后，Eddy对自行车比赛产生了兴趣，所以此处指他真的很想成为一名自行车手，结合首字母提示可知，此处使用副词really“的确，真的”，修饰动词wanted。故填(r)eally。 6．句意：他努力工作，攒钱买了一辆赛车。根据“to buy a race bike”可知，此处指攒钱买车，结合首字母提示可知，此处使用money“钱”，不可数名词。故填(m)oney。 7．句意：但他从未灰心，积极参加各种比赛。根据“But he never lost heart”可知，他从未灰心，所以此处指积极参加各种比赛，结合首字母提示可知，此处使用active“积极的”，形容词；根据“part in”可知，此处使用take an active part in“积极参加”，固定短语。故填(a)ctive。 8．句意：有些人认为他无法完成比赛。根据“But Eddy kept pedaling hard.”可知，此处指有些人认为他无法完成比赛，结合首字母提示可知，此处使用finish“完成”，动词；根据“could”是情态动词可知，此处应使用动词原形。故填(f)inish。 9．句意：最后，他超过了所有其他车手，赢得了他的第一场比赛！根据“he passed all the…riders and won his first race”的语境并结合首字母提示可知，此处指他超过了所有其他车手，赢得了他的第一场比赛，other“其他的”，形容词，修饰名词riders。故填(o)ther。 10．句意：他成为了世界上最好的自行车手之一。根据“He won many big races.”可知，他赢得了许多大型比赛，所以此处指他成为了世界上最好的自行车手之一，结合首字母提示可知，此处使用good“好的”，形容词；根据“one of the…bike racers in the world”可知，此处使用“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”结构，表示“……最……之一”，good的最高级为best。故填(b)est。 （二） （2026·江苏南京·一模）When artificial intelligence (AI) makes life easier than ever before, what is the true v 1 of human being? A group of high school students in southern China o 2 their answers, moving millions of people. Yu Yaxuan, a Chinese language teacher at Shenzhen Nanshan Foreign Language School (Group) in Guangdong province, recently collected 54 surveys from her students, each containing only one question: “If you had to choose one Chinese c 3 to prove you’re not AI, what would it be?” The answers surprised Yu and later impressed many people on the internet after a video about the exercise went viral, leading to heated discussion about the meaning of being human. Two students offered seemingly o 4 answers: “urgent” and “slow”. “Robots don’t understand why humans are always in a hurry,” one student wrote. “It takes 30 minutes for a hospital to give back test results, so why do patients check them every few minutes? Humans do not live in purely objective time. Our experience of time is s 5 by emotion.” Another student, surnamed Wu, didn’t agree. “When we think of speed and efficiency, we think of AI, yet humans long to slow down with those they care about,” Wu wrote. “AI is always pursuing speed and correct results, but I wish for humans to walk slowly, speak slowly and grow up slowly. I am willing to spend time on things that make life beautiful.” Other students chose words such as “doubt” and “finite”. “Will AI doubt its creator?” one student asked. Another wrote: “AI is infinite, but e 6 about me is finite—the knowledge I’ve g 7 , the people I’ve met, the stories I’ve heard, my life and my time. AI is valuable because it is infinite, while I am e 8 more precious because I am finite.” Other answers included “courage”, “faith”, “hate”, “r 9 ”, “love” and “hurt”. “What t 10 moves people may not be a single class, but the faint glimmers of humanity that digitalization can’t delete,” Yu said. 【答案】 1．value/alue 2．offered/ffered 3．character/haracter 4．opposite/pposite 5．shaped/haped 6．everything/verything 7．gained/ained 8．even/ven 9．regret/egret 10．truly/ruly 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，文章通过学生们对“用什么证明自己不是AI”的回答，探讨了人类区别于AI的独特价值，如情感、有限性与人性光辉。 1．句意：当人工智能(AI)让生活变得比以往任何时候都更容易的时候，人类的真正价值是什么？文章开篇提出一个核心问题：“what is the true…of human being?”，结合下文和首字母提示，学生们寻找的是人类独有的品质，也就是人类的“价值”。首字母v对应value。 2．句意：中国南方的一群高中生给出了他们的答案，感动了数百万人。分析句子，该句缺谓语。语境提示，该句陈述过去发生的动作，所以时态为一般过去时。空格前“A group of high school students”和空格后“their answers”，结合首字母提示，此处指高中生给出了他们的答案。首字母o对应offered。 3．句意：余雅萱是广东深圳南山外国语学校(集团)的一名语文老师，她最近收集了54份来自学生的调查问卷，每份问卷都只有一个问题:“如果你必须选择一个汉字来证明你不是人工智能，你会选择什么？” Chinese character“汉字”。 4．句意：两个学生给出了看似相反的答案:“急”和“慢”。“urgent”和“slow”是两个含义完全相反的词。因此，这两个答案看起来是相反的。首字母o对应opposite。 5．句意：我们对时间的体验是由情感塑造的。上文“Humans do not live in purely objective time.”提到人类不生活在纯粹的客观时间里。这句话解释原因。首字母s对应shaped，shaped意为“塑造；影响”，符合逻辑。 6．句意：AI是无限的，但我的一切都是有限的——我获得的知识，我遇到的人，我听到的故事，我的生活和我的时间。下文列举了“我学到的知识、遇到的人、听到的故事、我的生命和时间”，这些都是概括性的。everything about me“关于我的一切”，统领下文。 7．句意：AI是无限的，但我的一切都是有限的——我获得的知识，我遇到的人，我听到的故事，我的生活和我的时间。前文“the knowledge I’ve…”，结合首字母提示，该句时态为现在完成时，指我获得的知识。首字母g对应gained。 8．句意：人工智能因为它是无限的而有价值，而我因为我是有限的而更加珍贵。这句话是与前文AI的对比：AI因为它是无限的而有价值，而我因为我是有限的而……更珍贵。首字母e对应even，even用来修饰比较级more precious，加强语气，意为“甚至；更加”符合逻辑。 9．句意：其他答案包括“勇气”、“信念”、“仇恨”、“后悔”、“爱”和“伤害”。上下文中“courage”，“faith”，“hate”，“love”和“hurt”一系列词都是描述人类情感或状态的抽象名词。空格处应填一个同样属于情感范畴的词。首字母r对应regret。 10．句意：“真正打动人的可能不是某一个阶层，而是数字化无法抹去的人性的微弱闪光，”余雅萱说。分析句子“What…moves people may not be a single class”，该句不缺主要成分，空格处需要修饰动词moves。首字母对应truly，truly副词，意为“真正地”，符合语境。 （2025·江苏南京·二模）请根据短文内容和首字母提示，填写所缺单词，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1—10的相应位置上。 古代渠语 Classical Chinese is a written form of the Chinese language used in ancient China, mainly based on the language from before the Qin period.Before 1918, all articles were w 1 in Classical Chinese. Today, we generally call it “wenyanwen”. Classical Chinese is now an important c 2 for every middle school student. Learning it helps us understand h 3 ancient Chinese spoke and thought. I would like to recommend a book for students who are deeply i 4 in Classical Chinese. Ancient Chinese is a famous series with 4 books and 14 units. Each unit has three parts: anthology (选集), common words, and archaic Chinese (古汉语). Anthology p 5 many famous articles from The Analects, Stratagems of the Warring States, Zuo Tradition and The Works of Mencius. These works have made great contributions to Chinese literary history. After reading the anthology, you will learn how to tell the d 6 between ancient and modern words. For example, in spoken language, we say “你吃饭了吗?”, b 7 in Classical Chinese, it becomes “饭否?”, Archaic Chinese tells the background of the anthology, helping you better understand the stories. These parts are c 8 connected. If you only read the anthology, you will only understand what the teacher e 9 . If you only study common words but don’t read the anthology, you will only get some knowledge about words. Without learning archaic Chinese, you cannot truly master classical Chinese as a w 10 . So, you must study all three parts together. If you enjoy Classical Chinese, we hope this book will help deepen your interest in Classical Chinese, history, and literature. 【答案】 1．(w)ritten 2．(c)ourse 3．(h)ow 4．(i)nterested 5．(p)icks 6．(d)ifference/(d)ifferences 7．(b)ut 8．(c)losely 9．(e)xplains 10．(w)hole 【解析】 本文介绍了文言文的历史、作为中学生重要课程的意义，推荐了《古代汉语》系列书籍，阐述其选集、常用词和古汉语三部分内容及紧密联系，强调需综合学习以掌握文言文。 1．句意：1918年以前，所有文章都是用文言文书写的。根据“all articles were...in Classical Chinese”及首字母提示可知，此处表示“书写”，文章是“被书写”，用被动语态，be动词后接过去分词。“write”的过去分词为“written”，符合语境。故填(w)ritten。 2．句意：文言文现在是每个中学生的一门重要课程。根据“an important...for every middle school student”及首字母提示可知，此处指“课程”，“course”表示“课程”，符合语境。故填(c)ourse。 3．句意：学习它有助于我们理解古代中国人如何说话和思考。根据“understand...ancient Chinese spoke and thought”及首字母提示可知，此处表示“如何”，用“how”引导宾语从句，符合语境。故填(h)ow。 4．句意：我想给对文言文深感兴趣的学生推荐一本书。根据“are deeply...in Classical Chinese”及首字母提示可知，此处为固定搭配“be interested in”，表示“对……感兴趣”，符合语境。故填(i)nterested。 5．句意：选集选取了《论语》《战国策》《左传》和《孟子》中的许多著名文章。根据“Anthology...many famous articles from...”及首字母提示可知，此处表示“挑选，选取”，主语“Anthology”为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式“picks”，符合语境。故填(p)icks。 6．句意：读完选集后，你将学会如何区分古今词汇。根据“tell the...between ancient and modern words”及首字母提示可知，此处为固定搭配“tell the difference(s) between...”，表示“区分……之间的差异”，“difference”可用单数或复数形式，符合语境。故填(d)ifference(s)。 7．句意：例如，在口语中，我们说“你吃饭了吗？”，但在文言文中，它变成“饭否？”。根据前后句语义对比可知，此处表示转折关系，用“but”连接，符合语境。故填(b)ut。 8．句意：这些部分紧密相连。根据“These parts are...connected”及首字母提示可知，此处表示“紧密地”，用副词“closely”修饰动词“connected”，符合语境。故填(c)losely。 9．句意：如果你只阅读选集，你将只理解老师所讲解的内容。根据“what the teacher...”及首字母提示可知，此处表示“讲解，解释”，主语“the teacher”为第三人称单数，谓语动词用“explains”，符合语境。故填(e)xplains。 10．句意：如果不学习古汉语，你就无法真正整体掌握文言文。根据“as a...”及首字母提示可知，此处为固定搭配“as a whole”，表示“作为一个整体，整体上”，符合语境。故填(w)hole。 方｜法｜提｜练 一、 解题核心逻辑 1. 语境优先，定位词汇的“前后呼应” • 核心原则：首字母填空的答案95%以上能在上下文找到直接线索（原词复现、同义替换、逻辑暗示），首字母仅为辅助定位，不可脱离语境盲目猜词。 • 操作方法： 1. 向前找：空格前的冠词（a/an/the）、数词、形容词、副词，可提示词汇的词性、单复数、褒贬性（如形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词）。 2. 向后找：空格后的介词、连词（but/so/because）、定语从句、同位语，或转折、因果、顺承逻辑，可解释词汇含义或确定词汇形式。 3. 全段找：重点关注“原词复现”（最高频）、“同义替换”（如big→large，happy→glad）、“反义暗示”（如but连接，前肯后否），结合首字母锁定答案。 • 示例：本文第3空 I like reading ____ (首字母b)，后文紧接着出现 books are my best friends，结合首字母b，直接提示此处应填 books，这就是典型的“原词复现”。 2. 语法辅助，判断词汇的“形式变化” • 动词形式判断： ◦ 时态：结合全文时态（中考多为一般过去时、一般现在时），如全文用一般过去时，空格动词需填过去式（如work→worked，see→saw）。 ◦ 主谓一致：主语是第三人称单数时，一般现在时的动词需加s/es（如play→plays，wash→washes）。 ◦ 非谓语：to后接动词原形（to do），介词后接动名词（doing），如look forward to doing sth。 • 名词形式判断（同模板核心，补充首字母适配示例）： ◦ 单复数：若前面有some, many, a lot of等词，可数名词需用复数，结合首字母，如some f____→flowers。 ◦ 所有格：表示“……的”，直接加’s（单数名词）或s’（复数名词），如the girl’s bag，students’ books。 • 形容词/副词形式判断： ◦ 形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词、形容词或句子，如a beautiful (b____) girl，run quickly (q____)。 ◦ 比较级/最高级：出现than用比较级（如tall→taller），出现the、of all用最高级（如tall→tallest）。 3. 搭配验证，确保词汇的“合理适配” • 固定搭配：积累中考高频首字母相关固定短语，是解题关键，如look after（照顾）、take care of（照顾）、in order to（为了）、be good at（擅长）。 • 逻辑搭配：结合短文场景（校园、家庭、出行、环保等中考常考场景），确保所选词汇符合生活逻辑，如首字母为w，结合“上学迟到”场景，可填wrong（get up wrong 起晚了）或way（lose one’s way 迷路）。 • 首字母验证：所有答案必须贴合首字母，若猜词符合语境但首字母不符，需重新调整（如想填apple，首字母为o，则需改为orange）。 二、 实战解题步骤 1. 通读全文，标记关键线索 快速浏览全文，不用纠结空格，重点圈出3类信息：① 首字母提示；② 逻辑词（but、so、because、and、however）；③ 高频名词、动词（建立词汇库），同时把握短文主旨（是叙事、说明还是议论）和时态。 2. 逐空分析，锁定语境+首字母 对每个空格，按“首字母→语境线索→语法形式”三步判断： ◦ 第1空 My mother often cooks ____ (首字母d) for me：结合语境“妈妈做饭”，首字母d，可确定为dinner（晚餐），符合“做饭”场景，且为单数名词（often提示一般现在时，无复数提示）。 ◦ 第4空 He ____ (首字母r) a bike to school every day：结合首字母r，“骑车上学”是固定场景，every day提示一般现在时，主语He是第三人称单数，故填rides。 ◦ 第6空 It was ____ (首字母r) yesterday，so we stayed at home：结合后文“待在家”，首字母r，可判断为rainy（下雨的），形容词作表语，符合逻辑。 3. 语法检查，修正词汇形式 填完所有答案后，回头逐一检查，重点关注4点： ◦ 动词：时态、主谓一致、非谓语形式是否正确（如saw不能写成see，rides不能写成ride）。 ◦ 名词：单复数、所有格是否正确（如flowers不能写成flower，students’不能写成student’s）。 ◦ 形容词/副词：是否混淆（如quick不能修饰动词，需改为quickly），比较级/最高级形式是否正确。 ◦ 首字母：所有答案必须与题干首字母一致，大小写正确（首字母已给出，空格内无需大写）。 4. 代入验证，确保全文流畅 将所有答案填入空格，完整通读一遍，确保： ◦ 词汇与前后文搭配自然，无语法错误； ◦ 短文逻辑连贯，情节、情感符合主旨（如叙事文的时间顺序、议论文的观点一致）； ◦ 无生僻词（中考首字母填空答案均为教材中高频词汇，不会出现超纲词，若猜词为超纲词，需重新判断）。 6 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题13 短文填空（首字母/提示词）：语篇逻辑重构 目 录 第一部分 考情精析 锁定靶心 高效备考 第二部分 重难考点深解 深度溯源 扫清盲区 【考点01】实词 【考点02】虚词 【考点03】词性转换 第三部分 解题思维优化 典例精析+方法提炼+变式巩固 核心考向聚焦 语境推断与词汇应用是考查重点，在各地中考中频繁出现。动词时态、语态、非谓语变形，名词单复数、所有格，形容词/副词级别及词性转换也有涉及，其中词性转换、固定搭配考查比重逐年上升，单纯词汇拼写考查占比下降。 关键能力与思维瓶颈 关键能力：掌握首字母提示下的语境推断技巧，能结合语篇主旨、逻辑关系锁定单词；熟练掌握动词时态（一般现在/过去/将来、现在完成时）、语态及非谓语动词（to do/doing）变形规则；牢记名词、形容词/副词的核心变形及常见词性转换规律（如care→careful→carefully）；熟练掌握介词、连词、代词的高频固定搭配，能在语境中精准匹配。需通过语篇练习、分类记忆突破。 培优瓶颈：主要受中文思维干扰，忽略语境逻辑与语法规则的结合，仅靠首字母盲目猜测单词；词汇积累碎片化，易混淆近义词汇（如see/look/watch）、不规则变形（如child→children）；对词性转换的前缀/后缀记忆不牢固，固定搭配掌握不灵活，在综合语篇中易出现拼写、变形错误。需强化语境分析、归类记忆与错题复盘。 命题前瞻与备考策略 预测：2026年中考中，将继续以语篇为载体，侧重考查真实语境下首字母提示的单词推断与语法变形，减少孤立词汇考查；动词、词性转换、固定搭配仍为考查重点，会增加语境逻辑复杂度（如转折、因果关系的隐含表达）；选材贴近学生生活、热点话题（如校园生活、环保、科技），注重考查语言应用能力，避免机械记忆类题目。 策略：备考应放弃对孤立词汇、语法规则的死记硬背，转向“语篇建模”与“应用落地”。重点训练：1. 紧扣中考真题，建立首字母填空错题本，按考点（动词、名词、词性转换等）分类整理，标注错误原因（语境判断失误、变形错误、固定搭配遗忘），强化针对性突破；2. 分类积累高频词汇及变形，重点记忆不规则动词、易错名词复数、常见前缀/后缀，结合短语搭配记忆，避免孤立背诵；3. 专项训练语境推断能力，通过通读语篇、标记逻辑标志词，提升首字母提示下的单词锁定准确率，定期进行整篇语篇限时练习，适配中考节奏。 ◇考点 01 实词 考点1：动词（必考，分值最高，难点） 考查重点：时态（一般现在/过去/将来时、现在完成时）、语态（主动/被动）、主谓一致、非谓语动词（to do/doing），结合首字母和语境判断动词原形及变形。 解题思路：1. 根据上下文判断动作发生的时间（找时间标志词）；2. 确定动词是谓语还是非谓语；3. 结合首字母写出原形，再根据语法规则变形。 典例1（时态+主谓一致） He u______ goes to school by bike. His home is far from school.（首字母u） 解析：结合语境“他______骑自行车上学，家离学校远”，首字母u，推断单词为usually（通常）；时态为一般现在时，主语he是三单，但usually是副词，无需变形，答案：usually。 典例2（时态+动词变形） Last week, we v______ the Great Wall with our teachers. It was wonderful.（首字母v） 解析：时间标志词last week（上周），确定时态为一般过去时；结合语境“参观长城”，首字母v，原形为visit，过去式变形为visited，答案：visited。 易错提醒：勿忽略时态变形（如go→went、see→seen）；非谓语动词需结合固定搭配（如want to do，首字母t，填to do对应的动词）。 考点2：名词（高频，易丢分） 考查重点：单复数、不规则复数、所有格，结合首字母和修饰词（many、a/an、some等）判断。 解题思路：1. 根据首字母和语境确定名词原形；2. 看空前修饰词（many、several→复数；a/an→单数）；3. 注意不规则复数变形。 典例1（规则复数） There are many t______ in our school. They work hard to teach us.（首字母t） 解析：结合语境“学校里有很多______，他们努力教我们”，首字母t，推断为teacher；空前many修饰，需变复数teachers，答案：teachers。 典例2（不规则复数） My mother bought two k______ of apples yesterday. They are fresh.（首字母k） 解析：结合语境“买了两______苹果”，首字母k，推断为kilo（千克）；two后接复数，kilo的复数为kilos，答案：kilos。 易错提醒：不规则复数（如child→children、foot→feet）需牢记；注意名词所有格（如teacher’s office，首字母t，填teacher’s）。 考点3：形容词/副词（高频，难点在转换） 考查重点：形副转换、原级/比较级/最高级，结合语境判断词性（修饰名词用形容词，修饰动词/形容词用副词）。 解题思路：1. 根据修饰对象判断是形容词还是副词；2. 结合首字母确定原形；3. 看语境（than→比较级；in/of范围→最高级）。 典例1（形副转换） She sings very w______. Everyone likes her songs.（首字母w） 解析：修饰动词sings，需用副词；结合语境“唱得很好”，首字母w，推断为well，答案：well。 典例2（比较级） This book is m______ interesting than that one. I like it better.（首字母m） 解析：标志词than，确定用比较级；结合语境“更有趣”，首字母m，推断为more，答案：more。 易错提醒：勿混淆形容词和副词（如quick→quickly）；比较级/最高级变形（如big→bigger、good→better）。 考点4：代词（人称、物主、不定代词） 考查重点：人称代词（主格/宾格）、物主代词（形物代/名物代）、不定代词（something、anything、everyone等），结合指代对象判断。 解题思路：1. 确定指代的人/物；2. 判断所需代词的类型（主格/宾格、形物代/名物代）；3. 结合首字母推断单词。 典例1（反身代词） The little boy can dress h______. He is very independent.（首字母h） 解析：固定搭配dress oneself（自己穿衣），指代the little boy，首字母h，推断为himself，答案：himself。 典例2（不定代词） There is s______ wrong with my phone. It can’t work.（首字母s） 解析：结合语境“手机出了______问题，不能用了”，首字母s，推断为something，固定搭配something wrong（出问题），答案：something。 易错提醒：区分形物代（my、your）和名物代（mine、yours）；不定代词的用法（something用于肯定句，anything用于否定句/疑问句）。 （一） （2025·江苏淮安·中考真题）根据短文内容及所给首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整、通顺，每空一词。 Rabbits are small and cute animals with white fur, long ears and soft bodies. Many people keep one as a p 1 at home. But the rabbits in the wild are not the s 2 as those at home. The information below may help you know more about them. What do wild rabbits e 3 ? You may think they like carrots best. However, they would rather choose green plants, such as grass and vegetables. Sometimes, they also eat crops, s 4 farmers may not welcome them. Where do wild rabbits live? Most of them live in the fields, forests or grasslands. They are g 5 at digging holes. They dig underground holes which can provide space from enemies and bad weather. The holes can also be used to store food and raise the y 6 . Also, some wild rabbits may live in the bushes. H 7 do wild rabbits keep safe? They have many enemies, such as foxes and snakes. To survive, they use clever tricks. For example, when other animals hunt them, they will run away in a special way, so they won’t be c 8 easily. Also, their special eyes allow them to notice d 9 from almost every direction. Though they are not very strong, their amazing abilities help them live through the hard conditions in nature. There are also some fun facts about wild rabbits. Can you imagine they can j 10 as high as 2 metres? Their front teeth never stop growing, so they need to chew (咀嚼) every day to stop them from getting too long. Isn’t that amazing? （二） （2025·天津·中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 Today the earth is getting warmer and warmer. But hundreds of years a 1 , people had a different problem—a 400-year cold period! From the 1400s to the 1800s, winters in the northern half of the earth were c 2 and longer than they are now. Scientists c 3 this time the “Little Ice Age” (小冰期). The colder weather b 4 many serious problems. Plants died of cold and illness spread among people. People had to spend a lot more time collecting wood for fires to keep their house warm. And sometimes, a h 5 piece of ice would slide down (滑落) a mountain and destroy (摧毁) some villages. Scientists think the Little Ice Age was caused by forces (力量) that people could not control. One cause (起因), in their opinion, was the sun. The sun often has “storms” of energy called sunspots (太阳黑子). During the Little Ice Age, there were fewer sunspots than there are t 6 . With fewer sunspots, the sun was giving out less e 7 which made the earth warm. Volcanic eruption (火山爆发) was probably a 8 natural cause. During the Little Ice Age, many volcanoes erupted. Their dust (灰尘) might stop the sun’s l 9 and heat from reaching the earth. Today we are seeing the influences of rising temperature. Scientists think people are causing this change by b 10 a lot of coal and oil. So we need to change our way of living. ◇考点 02 虚词 考点1：介词（固定搭配为主） 考查重点：时间介词、方式介词、固定搭配（如look after、be good at），结合首字母和后面的名词/动词短语判断。 解题思路：1. 结合语境判断介词含义（时间、地点、方式等）；2. 联想首字母对应的固定搭配；3. 验证是否符合语义。 典例1（固定搭配） My sister is good a______ drawing. She can draw beautiful pictures.（首字母a） 解析：固定搭配be good at（擅长），首字母a，答案：at。 典例2（时间介词） We will have a picnic o______ Sunday morning. Would you like to join us?（首字母o） 解析：具体某一天的上午，用介词on；首字母o，答案：on。 易错提醒：牢记高频固定搭配，避免介词误用（如in the morning、at 7 o’clock）。 考点2：连词（逻辑关系为主） 考查重点：并列连词（and、but、or、so）、从属连词（because、if、when、though），结合上下文逻辑判断。 解题思路：1. 分析前后句子的逻辑关系（顺承、转折、因果、条件等）；2. 结合首字母确定连词；3. 验证逻辑是否连贯。 典例1（转折关系） He is young, b______ he knows a lot about history.（首字母b） 解析：前后句“年轻”和“懂很多历史”是转折关系，首字母b，推断为but，答案：but。 典例2（因果关系） I didn’t go to school yesterday b______ I was ill.（首字母b） 解析：前后句“没上学”和“生病”是因果关系，首字母b，推断为because，答案：because。 易错提醒：勿混淆连词含义（如or表“否则”/选择，and表顺承）；避免because和so连用。 考点3：冠词（a/an/the，基础但易丢分） 考查重点：a/an（泛指）、the（特指）、零冠词，结合首字母和名词的泛指/特指判断。 解题思路：1. 看名词是否首次出现（首次→a/an；上文提过→the）；2. 看名词发音（元音音素开头→an，辅音→a）；3. 结合首字母推断。 典例 I saw ______ old man on the street. The old man was looking for his dog.（首字母a/an，结合语境） 解析：old是元音音素开头，首次提到“一位老人”，首字母a/an，推断为an，答案：an。 易错提醒：勿忽略元音音素开头的单词用an（如an apple、an hour）；独一无二的事物（the sun、the moon）用the。 （一） （2025·江苏镇江·中考真题）根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。 Exams are not just a way to check what you have learned. They are also a c 1 to improve your learning skills. Here’s h 2 you can make the most use of every exam. Before the exam, you can review what you’ve learned in an organized w 3 by using the textbook’s table of contents. You can a 4 practice different types of questions to prepare for specific topics. In the last 10 minutes before the exam, you can ask yourself a few simple questions to make you confident. During the exam, you should complete each question carefully. Exams can c 5 help you practice completing tasks under stress. The time limit and formal settings help you develop your time management skills. You can always p 6 your time for each part and decide on the best order to answer the questions. By practicing, you can develop a rhyme that works for you because the best way is the one that suits you. A 7 the exam, you can take time to learn from your mistakes and think about your time management. It’s good to write down disadvantages from every exam in a s 8 “exam handbook”. And you can read it before the n 9 exam as a whole reminder of past mistakes and key points to pay attention to. If making a n 10 what you haven’t mastered, you can go back to textbooks and do some similar exercises. By following these steps, you can surely get the most out of every exam and continue learning. （二） （2025·江苏扬州·中考真题）根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。(每空一词) Chinese writer Wang Zengqi once wrote, “When I arrive in a new place... I prefer to visit the local farmers market to see live chickens and ducks, fresh vegetables and bright fruits. It’s lively and brings me a sense of the joy of l 1 .” Nowadays, more people feel the same as Wang. They love to explore farmers markets wherever they visit. These traditional markets, which used to be just local s 2 places, are attracting visitors during holidays, especially the young. They think visiting a city w 3 exploring farmers markets is a waste of a trip. There they can enjoy mouthwatering food, local culture and real nature of a city. Luo Yan, a tour lover, travels around markets nationwide. He agrees these farmers markets are c 4 to local people’s daily life than those scenic spots (风景点) and supermarkets which seem all the same everywhere. In Xi’an, he enjoyed tasty Roujiamo, w 5 in Inner Mongolia, he tasted the famous air-dried beef. The generous sellers e 6 shared with him some trade secrets. Foreign travellers, too, consider these markets as interesting w 7 into Chinese daily life. Luo Yan noticed a group of American tourists walking around a farmers market in Beijing. They talked with the sellers though they had difficulties with l 8 and could not stop trying local snacks. The visit left a lasting impression on those foreign visitors. They are touched by the energy of locals and the flavour of Chinese daily life. The popularity of farmers markets among visitors shows an important c 9 —from a focus on scenes that cover every place to deeper experiences of local life. As part of this trend, many old farmers markets are upgraded or set to reopen. One of them is the Chongwenmen farmers market, which was b 10 in 1976. After 15 years of closure, it reopened to the public earlier this year. ◇考点 03 词性转换 考点：词性转换（高频难点） 考查重点：动词→名词、名词→形容词、形容词→副词、加前缀/后缀（如un-、in-、-ful、-less），结合首字母和语境判断词性。 解题思路：1. 分析句子成分，确定所需词性；2. 结合首字母和词根，推断变形后的单词；3. 注意前缀/后缀的正确使用。 典例1（动词→名词） His d______ to study hard made him get good grades.（首字母d） 解析：句子缺主语，需用名词；结合语境“努力学习的______”，首字母d，词根为decide（动词，决定），变形为decision（名词），答案：decision。 典例2（加否定前缀） It’s i______ to finish the work in five minutes. We need more time.（首字母i） 解析：结合语境“五分钟完成工作是______的，我们需要更多时间”，首字母i，推断为impossible（不可能的），由possible加否定前缀im-构成，答案：impossible。 易错提醒：牢记常见词根和后缀（如care→careful→carefully、use→useful→useless）。 （一） （2025·江苏盐城·中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使其意思完整。 Eddy was from Brussels. One day, his mother took him outside their small store and surprised him with a new bike. The four-year-old Eddy was very e 1 and couldn’t wait to learn to ride. With his father’s help, he tried hard. He f 2 down a lot of times but didn’t give up. As Eddy grew older, he loved riding his bike everywhere. When he was seven and started school, his father b 3 a new bike for him. He rode it to carry food and things to people’s houses. It helped him win high p 4 from the neighbourhood. Eddy became interested in bike races after seeing a champion rider. He r 5 wanted to be a bike racer. He worked hard and saved m 6 to buy a race bike. Eddy had a hard time in the beginning. But he never lost heart and he took an a 7 part in different kinds of races. Two years later, in a small town, Eddy joined in a race. Most riders were taller or stronger. Some people didn’t think he could f 8 the race. But Eddy kept pedaling hard. By the fourth lap (圈), some riders got tired, but Eddy didn’t stop. In the end, he passed all the o 9 riders and won his first race! Eddy went on to have a great career in bike racing. He won many big races. He became one of the b 10 bike racers in the world. His never-give-up spirit inspired a lot of people. （二） （2026·江苏南京·一模）When artificial intelligence (AI) makes life easier than ever before, what is the true v 1 of human being? A group of high school students in southern China o 2 their answers, moving millions of people. Yu Yaxuan, a Chinese language teacher at Shenzhen Nanshan Foreign Language School (Group) in Guangdong province, recently collected 54 surveys from her students, each containing only one question: “If you had to choose one Chinese c 3 to prove you’re not AI, what would it be?” The answers surprised Yu and later impressed many people on the internet after a video about the exercise went viral, leading to heated discussion about the meaning of being human. Two students offered seemingly o 4 answers: “urgent” and “slow”. “Robots don’t understand why humans are always in a hurry,” one student wrote. “It takes 30 minutes for a hospital to give back test results, so why do patients check them every few minutes? Humans do not live in purely objective time. Our experience of time is s 5 by emotion.” Another student, surnamed Wu, didn’t agree. “When we think of speed and efficiency, we think of AI, yet humans long to slow down with those they care about,” Wu wrote. “AI is always pursuing speed and correct results, but I wish for humans to walk slowly, speak slowly and grow up slowly. I am willing to spend time on things that make life beautiful.” Other students chose words such as “doubt” and “finite”. “Will AI doubt its creator?” one student asked. Another wrote: “AI is infinite, but e 6 about me is finite—the knowledge I’ve g 7 , the people I’ve met, the stories I’ve heard, my life and my time. AI is valuable because it is infinite, while I am e 8 more precious because I am finite.” Other answers included “courage”, “faith”, “hate”, “r 9 ”, “love” and “hurt”. “What t 10 moves people may not be a single class, but the faint glimmers of humanity that digitalization can’t delete,” Yu said. （2025·江苏南京·二模）请根据短文内容和首字母提示，填写所缺单词，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1—10的相应位置上。 古代渠语 Classical Chinese is a written form of the Chinese language used in ancient China, mainly based on the language from before the Qin period.Before 1918, all articles were w 1 in Classical Chinese. Today, we generally call it “wenyanwen”. Classical Chinese is now an important c 2 for every middle school student. Learning it helps us understand h 3 ancient Chinese spoke and thought. I would like to recommend a book for students who are deeply i 4 in Classical Chinese. Ancient Chinese is a famous series with 4 books and 14 units. Each unit has three parts: anthology (选集), common words, and archaic Chinese (古汉语). Anthology p 5 many famous articles from The Analects, Stratagems of the Warring States, Zuo Tradition and The Works of Mencius. These works have made great contributions to Chinese literary history. After reading the anthology, you will learn how to tell the d 6 between ancient and modern words. For example, in spoken language, we say “你吃饭了吗?”, b 7 in Classical Chinese, it becomes “饭否?”, Archaic Chinese tells the background of the anthology, helping you better understand the stories. These parts are c 8 connected. If you only read the anthology, you will only understand what the teacher e 9 . If you only study common words but don’t read the anthology, you will only get some knowledge about words. Without learning archaic Chinese, you cannot truly master classical Chinese as a w 10 . So, you must study all three parts together. If you enjoy Classical Chinese, we hope this book will help deepen your interest in Classical Chinese, history, and literature. 6 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $