专题01 动词时态和语态(复习讲义)(浙江专用)2026年中考英语二轮复习讲练测

2026-03-19
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 九年级
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 谓语动词的时态,被动语态
使用场景 中考复习-二轮专题
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 浙江省
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 1.63 MB
发布时间 2026-03-19
更新时间 2026-03-19
作者 初高中精品英语馆
品牌系列 上好课·二轮讲练测
审核时间 2026-03-19
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来源 学科网

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专题01 动词的时态和被动语态(复习讲义) 目 录 01 析·考情目标 02 筑·专题框架 03 攻·重难考点 真题动向 核心提炼 易错警示/技巧点拨 考点一 动词时态 考点二 被动语态 04 测·预测闯关 命题透视 1.从命题形式上看,主要出现在语法填空和选词填空中。 2.从命题内容上看,时态聚焦一般过去/现在;语态以一般现在/过去被动为主。 热考角度 考点 2025年 2024年 语法填空 第67小题 第66小题、73小题 命题预测 1.时态多结合具体时间状语(如yesterday、now、tomorrow、for+时间段、since+时间点)或上下文语境,侧重“时态的语境判断”,避免单纯考查时态结构。 2.语态围绕“高频时态的被动语态”(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时的被动语态),结构为“am/is/are+done、was/were+done、will be+done”;偶尔涉及“情态动词的被动语态”(can be done、must be done)。 考点一 动词时态 (2025·浙江·中考真题)阅读下面短文,在空格处填入一个适当的词或填入括号中单词的正确形式。 It felt like a dream come true to Arman from Kazakhstan (哈萨克斯坦). He was the winner of the Kazakhstan National Chinese Language Contest, and when his sister 2 (return) home from her university study abroad, she was surprised to see his gold medal on the wall. She had always encouraged Arman, but even she didn’t expect such a great achievement. (2024·浙江·中考真题)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Martin is a boy full of questions. He asks questions all day long and 1 (hope) to get the answers at once. At bedtime, while his mother 8 (tell) him a story, Martin couldn’t help asking. “Who can see the sun now?” 一般现在时 用法 ①客观真理 ②日常习惯 ③主将从现 结构 主语 + 动词原形/ 三单 + 其它 (当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用三单形式) 时间标志词 ①频度副词(如 always) ②every 类(如 every day) ③once/ twice(表示频率) 一般过去时 用法 ①过去发生的事或存在的状态 ②过去经常、反复发生的动作 结构 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其它 时间标志词 ①yesterday类 ②last类(如 last week) ③just now(刚刚) ④...ago(如 three days ago) ⑤in the past(在过去) ⑥once upon a time(从前) 一般将来时 结构 1. 主语 + will + 动词原形 + 其它 2. 主语 + be going to + 动词原形 + 其它 3. 主语 + be about to + 动词原形 + 其它 【一般用法】 【已计划或思考过】 【即将发生】 时间标志词 ①tomorrow 类 ②next 类 ③in the future ④in + 一段时间(……之后) ⑤soon ⑥one day/ some day 现在进行时 用法 ①表示说话时正在进行的动作 ②表示现阶段正在进行的动作,但是此时此刻动作不一定正在进行 结构 主语 + be(am/ is/ are) + 现在分词 + 其它 时间标志词 ①now/ right now ②these days ③look/ listen/ be quiet 过去进行时 用法 ①表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作 ②表示过去某一段时间内一直持续进行的动作 结构 主语 + be(was/ were) + 现在分词 + 其它 时间标志词 ①at that time ②this time yesterday ③过去某一个具体时间点 现在完成时 用法 ①表示过去的行为对现在产生的影响 ②表示过去的某一动作/状态一直持续到现在 结构 主语 + have/ has + 过去分词 + 其它 (主语是第三人称单数时用 has) 时间标志词 ①already (肯定句) ②yet (疑问句/否定句) ③so far ④since + 时间点 ⑤for + 时间段 ⑥recently 1. 一般现在时 主语是三单(he/she/it/人名),动词一定要加 -s/-es。 - 错:He go to school. - 对:He goes to school. 2. 一般过去时 看到 yesterday/just now/last…,动词必须用过去式,不能用原形。 - 错:I play basketball yesterday. - 对:I played basketball yesterday. 3. 现在完成时 有 since/for/already/yet,常用 have/has + 过去分词。 别和一般过去时混用。 4. 过去进行时 强调过去某时刻正在做,常配 at that time/at 8:00 last night。 结构:was/were + doing 5. when / while 时态搭配 - when + 一般过去时(短暂动作) - while + 过去进行时(延续动作) - I was reading while he was watching TV. 6. if / when 引导条件/时间状语从句 主句将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来(主将从现)。 - 错:I will go if it will be fine. - 对:I will go if it is fine. 1.She always ________ (smile) when she talks to people. 2.The book ________ (explore) the relationship between family members and it’s worth reading. 3.We ________ (raise) money for the poor children last month. 4.She ________ (be) a teacher for 15 years and she loves her job. 5.The air ________ (become) much fresher since the government took action. 6.—Excuse me, what time does the train leave? —Just a minute. I ________ (check) it for you. 7.It’s 8:30 a.m. All the students ________ (have) a meeting in the school halls. 8.When I got home, my sister ________ (listen) to soft music to relax herself. 9.By the time the competition started, the team ________ (train) together for more than six months. 10.Tom ________ (play) football with his friends when I saw him. 11.Can you tell me what you ________ (talk) about at tomorrow’s meeting? 12.—Where are Jane and Frank? I can’t find them. —Well, they ________ (perform) a short play in the school hall now. 13.My hometown ________ (change) a lot since 2000. 14.I ________ (deal) with a lot of homework last night. It took me three hours to finish all of it. 15.He ________ (lie) on the chair and thought about safety rules after hearing the warning. 16.The Great Wall _________ (attract) millions of visitors every year. 17.Follow our hearts, and good acts ________ (fill) every day in the future. 18.She ________ (hear) a loud noise at 5:00 this morning. 19.Even though he was alone in the room all by himself, he never _________ (steal) your money. 20.She’s already ________ (borrow) the book from the library. 考点二 被动语态 具体构成 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 clean/cleans is/am/are+cleaned 一般过去时 cleaned was/were cleaned 一般将来时 will clean will be cleaned be going to clean be going to be cleaned 现在进行时 am/is/are cleaning am/is/are being cleaned 过去进行时 was/were cleaning was/were being cleaned 现在完成时 have/has cleaned have/has been cleaned 过去完成时 had cleaned had been cleaned 过去将来时 would clean;was/were going to clean would be cleaned;was/were going to be cleaned 情态动词 can clean can be cleaned 1. 结构记死:be + 过去分词(done),be 必须变时态 2. 主动变被动:宾语变主语,动词前加 be,by 引出执行者 3. 时态不变:主动什么时态,被动就对应什么时态 4. 情态动词被动:情态动词 + be + done 5. 感官/使役动词:make/let/see/hear 主动省 to,被动要加 to 6. 不及物动词:happen、take place、appear 等没有被动 1.We all know that red roses are ________ (consider) as the symbol of love. 2.The pizza ________ into 4 pieces for my family last night. (divide) 3.Language learning apps ________ (use) by more and more people these days. 4.Chinese ________ (speak) by more and more people from foreign countries today. 5.When you feel cold air coming through your window, energy ________(waste). 6.First, the basic idea for a story ________ (decide) on. 7.The doctor said the sensor should ________ to my arm for 24 hours. (attach) 8.Growing pains ________ (turn) into gains finally. 9.A volunteer activity will be ________ (organise) to help the elderly this weekend. 10.Local hospitals in the mountain villages should ________ (found) to deal with emergencies. 11.Rice ________ (grow) in the south of China. 12.Paper money ________ (invent) in China long ago. 13.The street ________ (sweep) by the cleaners early in the morning. 14.The trees ________ (water) by the students every morning. 15.This new type of plane ______ (develop) by a team of young engineers so far. 16.At times, your attention ________ (draw) away during family meals. 17.Students should ________ (allow) to choose their own hobbies. 18.This gesture ________ (use) to show thanks in many African countries. 19.The caves ________ (add) to the World Heritage List in 1987. 20.The two parts ________ (show) together in 2011. 一、单项选择 1.—Why didn’t you answer my call yesterday afternoon? —Sorry, I ________ a meeting about environmental protection and didn’t hear it. A.attend B.attended C.was attending D.will attend 2.My brother ________ a new bag, but I ________. A.has; don’t B.have; doesn’t C.has; doesn’t D.have; don’t 3.—Look! The children ________ Nanyin in the park. —How nice! A.play B.are playing C.played 4.—My milk tea is gone. I just put it here a minute ago. —Oh, sorry. I ________ it by mistake. I thought it was mine. A.drink B.will drink C.have drunk 5.So far, the Palace Museum ________ a history of 100 years. A.has B.had C.has had D.is having 6.—You are really beautiful in that blue dress. Is it new? —No. I ________ it for a year. A.have bought B.have had C.bought 7.Look! The students ________ an experiment in the science lab. A.do B.are doing C.were doing D.have done 8.—We have ________ a number of wild animals because of the ________ of their living areas. —So it’s necessary to take action to protect wild animals A.lose; loss B.lost; loss C.loss; lose D.lost; lose 9.My cousin ________ in an American high school as an exchange student for two months last year. A.studied B.has studied C.studies D.had studied 10.The movie ________ for five minutes when I got to the cinema. A.had been on B.has been on C.had begun D.has begun 11.Many new policies ________ to improve the business environment in Hainan next year. A.make B.were made C.will be made 12.— How many new energy buses ________ in our city next month? — About 50, I heard. A.will be bought B.were bought C.are bought 13.The tickets to the concert ________ well and they ________ out in a few days. A.are sold; will be sold B.will be sold; sell C.sell; will be sold D.will sell; are sold 14.—What a big tree it is! —It’s said that it ________ in the Qing Dynasty. A.planted B.was planted C.has been planted 15.The movie Ne Zha 2 ________ by over 10 billion people around the world these days. A.sees B.is seen C.was seen D.saw 16.X-ray machines __________ widely in hospitals now. A.use B.are used C.used D.were used 17.Many stories about her __________ by people today. A.tell B.are told C.told D.were told 18.The story ______ by many people all over the world. A.knows B.is known C.knew D.was known 19.—Has Jacob decided to enter the speech competition? —Not yet. But I think he will if he ________. A.is encouraged B.was encouraged C.will be encouraged D.has been encouraged 20.Xinjiang is the largest cotton-producing area in China. About 90% of China’s cotton ________ there. A.produces B.is producing C.is produced D.produced 二、单词拼写 21.The food ________ (send) to the poor village by truck tomorrow morning. 22.The report ________ (print) by Tom right now. Please wait a minute. 23.The photos ________ (take) by my father when he visited Beijing. 24.The word “fascinating” ________ (spell) wrong by most students yesterday. 25.Many schools ________ (build) in the last 5 years. 26.The book _________ (write) by a famous writer. It’s very popular. 27.This famous poem ________ (write) by Li Bai, a great Chinese poet. 28.Tom ________ (punish) by his teacher for fighting with classmates during the break. 29.Running the red light or driving a speeding car will ________ (fine) by the police. 30.The interview with Yan Jing ________ (hold) next week. 31.The baby ________ (watch) to grow up bit by bit by the window cleaner. 32.Cashiers in supermarkets ________ (replace) by machines soon. 33.New jobs ________ (create) to meet people’s new needs in the future. 34.A sense of achievement ________ (feel) by window cleaners when they finish their work. 35.The novel ________ (translate) into more than 20 languages so far. 36.The notice says that anyone who ________ (find) trapped in the flood should call the emergency hotline immediately. 37.The Nobel Prize ________ (award) to Röntgen for his discovery of X-rays. 38.A lot of ancient medical books ________ (find) in the old library. 39.The Mona Lisa ________ (paint) by Leonardo da Vinci in the 16th century. 40.The MBTI website ________ (design) different kinds of questions to help you know yourself better. 41.We __________ (ride) bicycles to Georgetown yesterday afternoon. 42.We ________ (travel) to Europe if we have enough money next summer holiday. 43.He rose to his feet, picked up the book and ________ (shut) the door quietly. 44.By the time they worked out this kind of energy-saving lamp, they ______ (overcome) one difficult problem after another. 45.He ________ (stick) the knife into the wood and could not pull it out. 46.Do you know anyone who ________ (like) classical music? 47.My father asked me if I ________ (finish) my report about ancient inventions. 48.—Hello, may I speak to Miss Zhang? —Sorry. She ________ (hold) a parents’ meeting in the hall. 49.He promised he ________ (pick) me up this morning. Where is he now? 50.Someone _________ (steal) the works of art in this museum last week. 51.The passenger ________ my bag for his when he got off the bus. (mistake) 52.The artist has ________ many wonderful landscapes since last year. (draw) 53.The news of their victory ________ (spread) quickly across the whole school. 54.He spared no effort in schoolwork and ________ (success) in entering his dream university. 55.Look! The children ________ (lie) on the grass beside Tian Ma River Park. 56.I ________ (visit) the Sunshine Footbridge twice. It looks more fantastic at night. 57.Arthur ________ to Toy for not bringing the ticket last night. (apology) 58.We are proud because our work ________ (represent) our hard work. 59.When we handed in the poster, Ms. Lin ________ (suggest) a different design to Helen. 60.I’m terribly sorry that I can’t pay now. Someone ________ my wallet. (steal) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司2 / 27 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 专题01 动词的时态和被动语态(复习讲义) 目 录 01 析·考情目标 02 筑·专题框架 03 攻·重难考点 真题动向 核心提炼 易错警示/技巧点拨 考点一 动词时态 考点二 被动语态 04 测·预测闯关 命题透视 1.从命题形式上看,主要出现在语法填空和选词填空中。 2.从命题内容上看,时态聚焦一般过去/现在;语态以一般现在/过去被动为主。 热考角度 考点 2025年 2024年 语法填空 第67小题 第66小题、73小题 命题预测 1.时态多结合具体时间状语(如yesterday、now、tomorrow、for+时间段、since+时间点)或上下文语境,侧重“时态的语境判断”,避免单纯考查时态结构。 2.语态围绕“高频时态的被动语态”(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时的被动语态),结构为“am/is/are+done、was/were+done、will be+done”;偶尔涉及“情态动词的被动语态”(can be done、must be done)。 考点一 动词时态 (2025·浙江·中考真题)阅读下面短文,在空格处填入一个适当的词或填入括号中单词的正确形式。 It felt like a dream come true to Arman from Kazakhstan (哈萨克斯坦). He was the winner of the Kazakhstan National Chinese Language Contest, and when his sister 2 (return) home from her university study abroad, she was surprised to see his gold medal on the wall. She had always encouraged Arman, but even she didn’t expect such a great achievement. 2.句意:当他姐姐结束在国外的大学学业回国时,她惊讶地发现墙上挂着他的金牌。根据“was”可知,此句是一般过去时,动词用过去式,故填returned。 (2024·浙江·中考真题)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Martin is a boy full of questions. He asks questions all day long and 1 (hope) to get the answers at once. At bedtime, while his mother 8 (tell) him a story, Martin couldn’t help asking. “Who can see the sun now?” 1.句意:他整天问问题,并希望马上得到答案。根据“He asks questions all day long and ...”可知,时态为一般现在时,and表示并列关系,故此处应用hope的三单hopes,与asks一起作并列谓语。故填hopes。 8.句意:睡觉的时候,他妈妈正在给他讲故事。根据下文“couldn’t help”可知,时态为一般过去时;再根据“while his mother ... him a story.”可知,while从句通常用进行时态,故此处应用过去进行时,结构为was doing。故填was telling。 一般现在时 用法 ①客观真理 ②日常习惯 ③主将从现 结构 主语 + 动词原形/ 三单 + 其它 (当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用三单形式) 时间标志词 ①频度副词(如 always) ②every 类(如 every day) ③once/ twice(表示频率) 一般过去时 用法 ①过去发生的事或存在的状态 ②过去经常、反复发生的动作 结构 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其它 时间标志词 ①yesterday类 ②last类(如 last week) ③just now(刚刚) ④...ago(如 three days ago) ⑤in the past(在过去) ⑥once upon a time(从前) 一般将来时 结构 1. 主语 + will + 动词原形 + 其它 2. 主语 + be going to + 动词原形 + 其它 3. 主语 + be about to + 动词原形 + 其它 【一般用法】 【已计划或思考过】 【即将发生】 时间标志词 ①tomorrow 类 ②next 类 ③in the future ④in + 一段时间(……之后) ⑤soon ⑥one day/ some day 现在进行时 用法 ①表示说话时正在进行的动作 ②表示现阶段正在进行的动作,但是此时此刻动作不一定正在进行 结构 主语 + be(am/ is/ are) + 现在分词 + 其它 时间标志词 ①now/ right now ②these days ③look/ listen/ be quiet 过去进行时 用法 ①表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作 ②表示过去某一段时间内一直持续进行的动作 结构 主语 + be(was/ were) + 现在分词 + 其它 时间标志词 ①at that time ②this time yesterday ③过去某一个具体时间点 现在完成时 用法 ①表示过去的行为对现在产生的影响 ②表示过去的某一动作/状态一直持续到现在 结构 主语 + have/ has + 过去分词 + 其它 (主语是第三人称单数时用 has) 时间标志词 ①already (肯定句) ②yet (疑问句/否定句) ③so far ④since + 时间点 ⑤for + 时间段 ⑥recently 1. 一般现在时 主语是三单(he/she/it/人名),动词一定要加 -s/-es。 - 错:He go to school. - 对:He goes to school. 2. 一般过去时 看到 yesterday/just now/last…,动词必须用过去式,不能用原形。 - 错:I play basketball yesterday. - 对:I played basketball yesterday. 3. 现在完成时 有 since/for/already/yet,常用 have/has + 过去分词。 别和一般过去时混用。 4. 过去进行时 强调过去某时刻正在做,常配 at that time/at 8:00 last night。 结构:was/were + doing 5. when / while 时态搭配 - when + 一般过去时(短暂动作) - while + 过去进行时(延续动作) - I was reading while he was watching TV. 6. if / when 引导条件/时间状语从句 主句将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来(主将从现)。 - 错:I will go if it will be fine. - 对:I will go if it is fine. 1.She always ________ (smile) when she talks to people. 【答案】smiles 【详解】句意:她和别人说话时总是面带微笑。根据“She always...” 可知,句子时态为一般现在时,主语“She”是第三人称单数,因此谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。smile意为“微笑”,其第三人称单数形式为smiles。故填smiles。 2.The book ________ (explore) the relationship between family members and it’s worth reading. 【答案】explores 【详解】句意:这本书探讨了家庭成员之间的关系,很值得一读。explore“探索;探讨”,句子主语是“The book”,为单数第三人称,且句子时态为一般现在时,因此谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填explores。 3.We ________ (raise) money for the poor children last month. 【答案】raised 【详解】句意:上个月我们为贫困儿童筹集了资金。根据时间状语“last month”可知,句子描述的是过去发生的事情,应使用一般过去时。动词raise“筹集”的过去式为raised。故填raised。 4.She ________ (be) a teacher for 15 years and she loves her job. 【答案】has been 【详解】句意:她当老师已经15年了,她热爱这份工作。根据“for 15 years”和“she loves her job”可知此处应用现在完成时,be的现在完成时形式是has been, 故填has been。 5.The air ________ (become) much fresher since the government took action. 【答案】has become 【详解】句意:自从政府采取行动以来,空气变得清新多了。 句中“since(自从)”是现在完成时的标志,结构为“have/has + 过去分词”;主语“The air”是不可数名词,对应的助动词用“has”,“become”的过去分词是其本身,故填has become。 6.—Excuse me, what time does the train leave? —Just a minute. I ________ (check) it for you. 【答案】will check 【详解】句意:——打扰一下,火车什么时候出发?——请稍等,我帮你查一下。根据“Just a minute.”可知,说话时临时决定去查时间,应用一般将来时;结构为will+动词原形。故填will check。 7.It’s 8:30 a.m. All the students ________ (have) a meeting in the school halls. 【答案】are having 【详解】句意:现在是上午8:30。所有的学生正在学校礼堂里开会。根据时间状语“It's 8:30 a.m.”可知动作正在进行,应用现在进行时,主语All the students为复数,故填are having。 8.When I got home, my sister ________ (listen) to soft music to relax herself. 【答案】was listening 【详解】句意:当我到家的时候,我的姐姐正在听轻音乐放松自己。根据“When I got home”可知,本句描述过去某个时间点正在发生的动作,需要使用过去进行时,过去进行时结构为was/were加动词现在分词;本句主语“my sister”是第三人称单数,be动词用was,动词listen的现在分词为listening。 9.By the time the competition started, the team ________ (train) together for more than six months. 【答案】had trained 【详解】句意:到比赛开始时,这个队已经一起训练了六个多月了。根据“By the time the competition started”可知,到比赛开始时,训练这个动作已经完成,且发生在比赛开始之前,即“过去的过去”,因此句子应用过去完成时,其结构为“had+过去分词”。train“训练”,是动词原形,其过去分词为“trained”,过去完成时形式为“had trained”。故填had trained。 10.Tom ________ (play) football with his friends when I saw him. 【答案】was playing 【详解】句意:我看见汤姆时,他正在和朋友们踢足球。play“踢”,when引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时,主句用过去进行时,因此填过去进行时形式,结构为“was/were +现在分词”,主语是Tom,是单数,be用was,play的现在分词为playing。故填was playing。 11.Can you tell me what you ________ (talk) about at tomorrow’s meeting? 【答案】will talk/are going to talk 【详解】句意:你能告诉我你们在明天的会议上要谈论什么吗?talk“谈论”,句中at tomorrow’s meeting是表示将来的时间状语,说明动作尚未发生,应用一般将来时;一般将来时的结构可以是will+动词原形或be going to+动词原形。主语是you,be动词用are,因此可填will talk或are going to talk。 12.—Where are Jane and Frank? I can’t find them. —Well, they ________ (perform) a short play in the school hall now. 【答案】are performing 【详解】句意:——简和弗兰克在哪里?我找不到他们。——嗯,他们现在正在学校礼堂表演一个短剧。时间状语“now”提示句子用现在进行时,结构为“be + 现在分词”,主语“they”是复数,be动词用“are”,“perform”的现在分词是“performing”,故填are performing。 13.My hometown ________ (change) a lot since 2000. 【答案】has changed 【详解】句意:自2000年以来,我的家乡发生了很大的变化。句中“since 2000”表明时态为现在完成时,主语为“My hometown”,助动词用has,change的过去分词为changed。 14.I ________ (deal) with a lot of homework last night. It took me three hours to finish all of it. 【答案】dealt 【详解】句意:我昨晚处理了很多作业。做完所有作业花了我三个小时。该句中last night表示过去时间,句子用一般过去时,deal意为“处理”,过去式是dealt,故填dealt。 15.He ________ (lie) on the chair and thought about safety rules after hearing the warning. 【答案】lay 【详解】句意:听到警告后,他躺在椅子上思考安全规则。句中“after hearing the warning”和“thought”提示动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时。lie表示“躺”时,过去式为lay,故填lay。 16.The Great Wall _________ (attract) millions of visitors every year. 【答案】attracts 【详解】句意:长城每年吸引数百万游客。根据时间状语“every year”可知句子为一般现在时,主语“The Great Wall”是单数名词,谓语动词需要使用第三人称单数形式,attract的第三人称单数形式是attracts,因此填入attracts。 17.Follow our hearts, and good acts ________ (fill) every day in the future. 【答案】will fill 【详解】句意:追随我们的内心,善举将会填满未来的每一天。句中“in the future”表示将来的时间,提示句子要用一般将来时,结构为will + 动词原形,故填will fill。 18.She ________ (hear) a loud noise at 5:00 this morning. 【答案】heard 【详解】句意:她今天早上5点听到一声巨响。根据时间状语“at 5:00 this morning”可知,本句时态为一般过去时,hear的过去式是heard。故填heard。 19.Even though he was alone in the room all by himself, he never _________ (steal) your money. 【答案】stole 【详解】句意:即使他独自一人在房间里,但他从未偷过你的钱。分析句子结构可知,句子描述的是过去发生的事情,句子时态用一般过去时,“steal”的过去式是“stole”。 20.She’s already ________ (borrow) the book from the library. 【答案】borrowed 【详解】句意:她已经从图书馆借走了那本书。borrow“借”,根据“She’s already”可知,该句是现在完成时,动词改为过去分词。故填borrowed。 考点二 被动语态 具体构成 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 clean/cleans is/am/are+cleaned 一般过去时 cleaned was/were cleaned 一般将来时 will clean will be cleaned be going to clean be going to be cleaned 现在进行时 am/is/are cleaning am/is/are being cleaned 过去进行时 was/were cleaning was/were being cleaned 现在完成时 have/has cleaned have/has been cleaned 过去完成时 had cleaned had been cleaned 过去将来时 would clean;was/were going to clean would be cleaned;was/were going to be cleaned 情态动词 can clean can be cleaned 1. 结构记死:be + 过去分词(done),be 必须变时态 2. 主动变被动:宾语变主语,动词前加 be,by 引出执行者 3. 时态不变:主动什么时态,被动就对应什么时态 4. 情态动词被动:情态动词 + be + done 5. 感官/使役动词:make/let/see/hear 主动省 to,被动要加 to 6. 不及物动词:happen、take place、appear 等没有被动 1.We all know that red roses are ________ (consider) as the symbol of love. 【答案】considered 【详解】句意:我们都知道红玫瑰被视为爱情的象征。主语red roses和动词consider之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,其结构为“be动词 + 动词的过去分词”,consider的过去分词是considered。 2.The pizza ________ into 4 pieces for my family last night. (divide) 【答案】was divided 【详解】句意:昨晚,这个披萨被分成了4块给家人吃。句中“last night”为过去的时间状语,提示动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时。主语是“The pizza”,应该用被动语态,主语是单数形式,be动词用was,divide的过去分词后面直接加d,故填was divided。 3.Language learning apps ________ (use) by more and more people these days. 【答案】are used 【详解】句意:如今,语言学习应用程序正被越来越多的人使用。根据“by more and more people these days”可知,该句应用一般现在时的被动语态,主语为Language learning apps,be动词用are,use的过去分词为used。故填are used。 4.Chinese ________ (speak) by more and more people from foreign countries today. 【答案】is spoken 【详解】句意:如今,汉语被越来越多的外国人使用。 句子主语“Chinese(汉语)”和动词“speak(说)”是被动关系,汉语是“被说”的对象,且时间状语“today”表明是一般现在时,所以用一般现在时的被动语态“is spoken”,故填is spoken。   5.When you feel cold air coming through your window, energy ________(waste). 【答案】is wasted 【详解】句意:当你感觉到冷空气从窗户吹进来时,能量就被浪费了。主句主语energy和waste之间是被动关系,需要使用被动语态,when引导的时间状语从句说明日常的客观情况,句子时态用一般现在时,主语energy是不可数名词,be动词用is。故填is wasted。 6.First, the basic idea for a story ________ (decide) on. 【答案】is decided 【详解】句意:首先,一个故事的基本构思要被确定。根据句意及提示词decide可知,主语the basic idea for a story与decide之间为被动关系,且句子描述的是一般情况,应用一般现在时的被动语态,主语the basic idea for a story为单数,be动词用is,decide的过去分词为decided。故填is decided。 7.The doctor said the sensor should ________ to my arm for 24 hours. (attach) 【答案】be attached 【详解】句意:医生说传感器应该贴在我的手臂上24小时。根据“The doctor said the sensor should…to my arm for 24 hours.”以及备选词attach可知,这里需要用被动语态,should后接be动词原形,attach的过去分词是attached,be attached“被贴上、被附着”符合语境及语法要求。故填be attached。 8.Growing pains ________ (turn) into gains finally. 【答案】turn/are turned 【详解】句意:成长的烦恼最终会变成/被变成收获。描述事实用一般现在时。此句可以用主动语态,表示变化;也可以用被动语态,表示烦恼被变成收获。用主动语态时,句子主语“Growing pains”是复数,空处填动词原形turn作谓语;用被动语态时,结构为:am/is/are+过去分词,主语为复数,be动词用are,turn的过去分词为turned。故填turn/are turned。 9.A volunteer activity will be ________ (organise) to help the elderly this weekend. 【答案】organised 【详解】句意:本周末将筹备一场志愿者活动来帮助老年人。主语A volunteer activity和动词organise是被动关系,本句是一般将来时的被动语态,结构为will be+过去分词。故填organised。 10.Local hospitals in the mountain villages should ________ (found) to deal with emergencies. 【答案】be founded 【详解】句意:山村的本地医院应当被建立起来,以应对突发紧急情况。主语“Local hospitals”与动词found“建立”是被动关系,应用被动语态“be done”,空前有情态动词should,be动词用原形,动词变为过去分词“founded”。故填be founded。 11.Rice ________ (grow) in the south of China. 【答案】is grown 【详解】句意:水稻被种植在中国南方。句子的主语是Rice,谓语动词是grow,主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系,所以句子需要使用被动语态,被动语态的基本结构是“be+过去分词”;此句描述的是一个客观事实,所以应该使用一般现在时;主语Rice是不可数名词,be动词要用is;grow的过去分词是grown。故填is grown。 12.Paper money ________ (invent) in China long ago. 【答案】was invented 【详解】句意:纸币很久以前在中国被发明出来了。invent“发明”,“paper money”和“invent”之间是被动关系,即“纸币被发明”,所以用被动语态;时间状语“long ago”表示动作发生在过去,因此用一般过去时的被动语态“was/were+过去分词”。主语“Paper money”是单数,所以用“was invented”。故填was invented。 13.The street ________ (sweep) by the cleaners early in the morning. 【答案】is swept 【详解】句意:这条街道在清晨被清洁工清扫。sweep“打扫”,句子主语The street是动作的承受者,需使用被动语态,其结构为“be + 动词过去分词”,sweep的过去分词为swept。根据“early in the morning”这一日常时间状语,可判断此处描述的是日常习惯,因此用一般现在时。主语The street为单数,be动词用is,故填is swept。 14.The trees ________ (water) by the students every morning. 【答案】are watered 【详解】句意:这些树每天早上都被学生们浇水。句子主语“The trees”和谓语动词“water(浇水)”是被动关系,即树是被浇水的对象,且时间状语“every morning”表明句子要用一般现在时,一般现在时被动语态的结构是“am/is/are + 动词过去分词”,主语“The trees”是复数,be动词用are,water的过去分词是watered。故填are watered。 15.This new type of plane ______ (develop) by a team of young engineers so far. 【答案】has been developed 【详解】句意:到目前为止,这种新型飞机已经由一队年轻的工程师研发出来了。根据“so far”可知,句子为现在完成时,由于有“by”,因此句子用被动语态,即句子应用现在完成时的被动语态,其结构为:have/has been done,develop“研发”,由于主语是This new type of plane,因此用has,develop的过去分词为developed,故填has been developed。 16.At times, your attention ________ (draw) away during family meals. 【答案】is drawn 【详解】句意:有时,在家庭聚餐时,你的注意力会被分散。根据提示可知,主语“your attention”是动作的承受者,因此应使用被动语态。根据时间状语“At times”,句子时态为一般现在时,主语是单数。故填is drawn。 17.Students should ________ (allow) to choose their own hobbies. 【答案】be allowed 【详解】句意:学生们应该被允许选择他们自己的爱好。根据“Students should…to choose”可知,学生们与允许之间是被动关系,即学生们被允许,所以此处需用被动语态,其结构为“be+动词的过去分词”;allow“允许”,动词,其过去分词为allowed。should后跟动词原形,所以be用原形。故填be allowed。 18.This gesture ________ (use) to show thanks in many African countries. 【答案】is used 【详解】句意:在许多非洲国家,这个手势被用来表示感谢。句中“gesture”(手势)是动作的承受者,需用被动语态,因是描述事实,需一般现在时的被动语态,其结构为“be + 过去分词”,主语“This gesture”是单数,be动词用“is”,“use”的过去分词是“used”。故填is used。 19.The caves ________ (add) to the World Heritage List in 1987. 【答案】were added 【详解】句意:这些洞穴于1987年被列入世界遗产名录。主语the caves和谓语add之间是被动关系,且时间是过去,用一般过去时被动语态,主语是复数。故填were added。 20.The two parts ________ (show) together in 2011. 【答案】were shown 【详解】句意:这两部分在2011年被同时展出。show“展示,展出”,动词;主语the two parts是动作的承受者,且时间是in 2011,要用一般过去时的被动语态,结构为was/were+过去分词,主语是复数,be动词用were,show的过去分词是shown。故填were shown。 一、单项选择 1.—Why didn’t you answer my call yesterday afternoon? —Sorry, I ________ a meeting about environmental protection and didn’t hear it. A.attend B.attended C.was attending D.will attend 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——昨天下午你为什么不接我电话? ——抱歉,我当时正在参加一个关于环保的会议,没听到电话。 考查动词时态。attend参加,动词原形,用于一般现在时;attended动词的过去式或过去分词,用于一般过去时或现在完成时;was attending正在参加,用于过去进行时;will attend将参加,用于一般将来时。根据问句“Why didn’t you answer my call yesterday afternoon?”可知,事情发生在过去;回答中“didn’t hear”说明当时没听到电话,而“没听到”是因为当时正在进行的动作,因此空格处需用过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在发生的事情,所以要选择过去进行时。故选C。 2.My brother ________ a new bag, but I ________. A.has; don’t B.have; doesn’t C.has; doesn’t D.have; don’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我哥哥有一个新书包,但我没有。 考查主谓一致。has有(第三人称单数);have有(原形);don’t do的否定形式(用于第一、二人称及复数);doesn’t do的否定形式(用于第三人称单数)。第一个空:主语My brother是第三人称单数,一般现在时中,谓语动词have需要用第三人称单数形式has;第二个空:本句是省略句,完整含义为but I don’t have a new bag,主语是第一人称I,否定句要用助动词don’t。故选A。 3.—Look! The children ________ Nanyin in the park. —How nice! A.play B.are playing C.played 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——看!孩子们正在公园里表演南音。——真棒! 考查时态。根据“Look!”可知,说话人让对方看正在发生的动作,需用现在进行时be doing,主语是复数,be用are。故选B。 4.—My milk tea is gone. I just put it here a minute ago. —Oh, sorry. I ________ it by mistake. I thought it was mine. A.drink B.will drink C.have drunk 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——我的奶茶不见了。我一分钟前刚放在这里。——哦,抱歉。我误喝了它。我以为它是我的。 drink喝,一般现在时;will drink将喝,一般将来时;have drunk已经喝了,现在完成时。上文“I just put it here a minute ago.”表示奶茶是过去放置的,但喝奶茶的动作发生在过去且对现在造成了影响“奶茶现在不见了”,应使用现在完成时“have drunk”表示过去动作与现在的关联,强调“已经喝掉”导致现在奶茶消失。 5.So far, the Palace Museum ________ a history of 100 years. A.has B.had C.has had D.is having 【答案】C 【详解】句意:迄今为止,故宫博物院已有100年的历史。 句首“So far”表示“迄今为止”,是现在完成时的典型时间状语,需用现在完成时“has had”。 6.—You are really beautiful in that blue dress. Is it new? —No. I ________ it for a year. A.have bought B.have had C.bought 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——你穿那件蓝色连衣裙真漂亮。它是新的吗?——不是。我已经拥有它一年了。 根据时间状语“for a year”可知,句子应用现在完成时,结构为have/has done,且谓语动词需为延续性动词。buy是瞬间动词,不能与时间段连用,需改为具有延续性的have。故选B。 7.Look! The students ________ an experiment in the science lab. A.do B.are doing C.were doing D.have done 【答案】B 【详解】句意:看!学生们正在科学实验室做实验。 “Look!”是现在进行时的标志词(结构为am/is/are + doing),表示动作正在进行;主语students是复数,be动词用are。应填are doing。 8.—We have ________ a number of wild animals because of the ________ of their living areas. —So it’s necessary to take action to protect wild animals A.lose; loss B.lost; loss C.loss; lose D.lost; lose 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——由于生活区域的丧失,我们已经失去了许多野生动物。——所以有必要采取行动保护野生动物。 lose失去,动词原形;lost失去,过去式或过去分词;loss丧失,名词。根据句子结构可知,第一空是现在完成时,结构为“have+过去分词”,应填lost;第二空是“because of+名词”结构,应填loss。 9.My cousin ________ in an American high school as an exchange student for two months last year. A.studied B.has studied C.studies D.had studied 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我的表弟去年作为交换生在美国一所高中学习了两个月。 根据时间状语“last year”可知,动作发生在过去且已结束,应使用一般过去时。空处作谓语,用动词过去式,应填studied。 10.The movie ________ for five minutes when I got to the cinema. A.had been on B.has been on C.had begun D.has begun 【答案】A 【详解】句意:当我到达电影院时,电影已经上映五分钟了。 考查时态和延续性动词。had been on已经进行了,延续性动作,过去完成时;has been on已经进行了,延续性动作,现在完成时;had begun已经开始,短暂性动作,过去完成时;has begun已经开始,短暂性动作,现在完成时。根据“I got to the cinema”可知,“到达电影院”是发生在过去的动作,“for five minutes”说明“电影上映”这个动作在“到达”之前已经开始并持续了一段时间了,发生在“过去的过去”,需用过去完成时;时间状语“for five minutes”表示持续一段时间,谓语动词需使用延续性动词,be on是延续性动词短语,可与时间段连用,表示“电影已经上映五分钟了”。故选A。 11.Many new policies ________ to improve the business environment in Hainan next year. A.make B.were made C.will be made 【答案】C 【详解】句意:明年许多新政策将会被制定来改善海南的商业环境。 根据“next year”可知,句子时态是一般将来时,且主语“Many new policies”和谓语动词“make”之间是被动关系,表示“政策被制定”,所以要用一般将来时的被动语态,其结构为“will be+动词的过去分词”,make的过去分词是made。应填will be made。 12.— How many new energy buses ________ in our city next month? — About 50, I heard. A.will be bought B.were bought C.are bought 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——下个月我们市会购入多少辆新能源公交车?——我听说大约50辆。 will be bought将被购入(一般将来时的被动语态);were bought被购入(一般过去时的被动语态);are bought被购入(一般现在时的被动语态)。根据时间状语next month可知,事情发生在将来,应用一般将来时;主语buses与动词buy之间是动宾关系,应用被动语态,应填will be bought。 13.The tickets to the concert ________ well and they ________ out in a few days. A.are sold; will be sold B.will be sold; sell C.sell; will be sold D.will sell; are sold 【答案】C 【详解】句意:这场音乐会的票卖得很好,几天后就会售罄。 sell well“卖得好”,此处用主动形式表被动含义;第二空“sell out”与主语they之间是被动关系,结合“in a few days”,此处应用一般将来时的被动语态表达。应填sell;will be sold。 14.—What a big tree it is! —It’s said that it ________ in the Qing Dynasty. A.planted B.was planted C.has been planted 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——多么大的一棵树啊!——据说它是在清朝被种植的。 主语it指代上句提到的树,与动词plant是被动关系,因此用被动语态,且时间状语“in Qing Dynasty”表明动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时,应填was planted。 15.The movie Ne Zha 2 ________ by over 10 billion people around the world these days. A.sees B.is seen C.was seen D.saw 【答案】B 【详解】句意:这些天,电影《哪吒2》被全世界超过一百亿人观看。 考查被动语态。sees看见,第三人称单数;is seen被看见,一般现在时被动语态;was seen被看见,一般过去时被动语态;saw看见,一般过去时。主语“The movie Ne Zha 2”是动作的承受者,需用被动语态;时间状语“these days”表示近期持续的情况,应用一般现在时。故选B。 16.X-ray machines __________ widely in hospitals now. A.use B.are used C.used D.were used 【答案】B 【详解】句意:X光机现在在医院被广泛使用。 考查被动语态。use使用,动词原形;are used被使用,一般现在时被动语态;used使用,过去式;were used被使用,一般过去时被动语态。根据“now”可知,句子应用一般现在时;主语“X-ray machines”与动词“use”之间是被动关系,即机器被使用,需用一般现在时的被动语态(am/is/are+过去分词)。故选B。 17.Many stories about her __________ by people today. A.tell B.are told C.told D.were told 【答案】B 【详解】句意:如今许多关于她的故事被人们讲述。 考查被动语态。主语Many stories是动作的承受者,需用被动语态;时间状语today表明为一般现在时,且主语为复数,故用一般现在时的被动语态are told。故选B。 18.The story ______ by many people all over the world. A.knows B.is known C.knew D.was known 【答案】B 【详解】句意:这个故事被全世界许多人知晓。 考查被动语态。knows知道,第三人称单数;is known被知道,一般现在时被动语态;knew知道,过去式;was known被知道,一般过去时被动语态。根据“The story...by many people all over the world.”可知,主语“故事”与动词“知道”之间是被动关系,且没有明确的时间状语,但“故事”被知晓通常表示现在的情况,一般现在时更符合语境。故选B。 19.—Has Jacob decided to enter the speech competition? —Not yet. But I think he will if he ________. A.is encouraged B.was encouraged C.will be encouraged D.has been encouraged 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——Jacob决定参加演讲比赛了吗?——还没有。但是我认为如果他受到鼓励,他会参加的。 encourage鼓励,if引导的条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”原则,即:主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。根据语境此处是指“他被鼓励”,故应用一般现在时的被动语态,其构成形式是am/is/are+过去分词,故选A。 20.Xinjiang is the largest cotton-producing area in China. About 90% of China’s cotton ________ there. A.produces B.is producing C.is produced D.produced 【答案】C 【详解】句意:新疆是中国最大的棉花产区。中国约90%的棉花在那里生产。 根据语境可知,棉花是“被生产”,应用被动语态,且句子描述一般事实,用一般现在时,应填is produced。 二、单词拼写 21.The food ________ (send) to the poor village by truck tomorrow morning. 【答案】will be sent 【详解】句意:这些食物明天早上将用卡车运往那个贫穷的村庄。根据“tomorrow morning”可知,句子时态为一般将来时;又因为主语“The food”与动词“send”之间为被动关系,即食物被运送,所以需用一般将来时的被动语态,其结构为“will be+动词的过去分词”。send“运送”,动词,其过去分词为sent。故填will be sent。 22.The report ________ (print) by Tom right now. Please wait a minute. 【答案】is being printed 【详解】句意:这份报告现在正在由汤姆打印,请等一下。根据“right now”可知,句子时态为现在进行时;又因为“report”和“print”之间是被动关系,表示报告正在被打印,所以句子应用现在进行时的被动语态,其结构为“am/is/are+being+动词的过去分词”,主语“report”是单数,be动词用is,print的过去分词是printed。故填is being printed。 23.The photos ________ (take) by my father when he visited Beijing. 【答案】were taken 【详解】句意:这些照片是我父亲参观北京时拍的。take“拍摄”,动词;主语“The photos”是动作承受者,且根据“when he visited Beijing”可知,动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时的被动语态“were/was+过去分词”。主语为复数,故填were taken。 24.The word “fascinating” ________ (spell) wrong by most students yesterday. 【答案】was spelled 【详解】句意:昨天大多数学生把单词“fascinating”拼错了。spell“拼写”,by引出动作执行者,yesterday表明一般过去时,word与spell是被动关系,因此用一般过去时的被动语态;主语为单数,助动词用was。故填was spelled。 25.Many schools ________ (build) in the last 5 years. 【答案】have been built 【详解】句意:在过去五年里,很多学校被建造起来。build“建造”,in the last 5 years是现在完成时的标志,主语Many schools与动词build是被动关系,因此用现在完成时的被动语态(have/has been+过去分词),主语表示复数,应用助动词have,build的过去分词是built。故填have been built。 26.The book _________ (write) by a famous writer. It’s very popular. 【答案】was written 【详解】句意:这本书是由一位著名作家写的。它很受欢迎。write“写”,动词;主语“The book”是动作承受者,且根据“It’s very popular”可知,书写完已成事实,应用一般过去时的被动语态“was/were+过去分词”。主语为单数,谓语动词用was。故填was written。 27.This famous poem ________ (write) by Li Bai, a great Chinese poet. 【答案】was written 【详解】句意:这首著名的诗是由中国伟大的诗人李白所写。 根据“This famous poem…by Li Bai, a great Chinese poet.” 可知,句子主语“this famous poem”和动词“write”之间是被动关系,且“写诗”是过去发生的动作,所以要用一般过去时的被动语态,其结构为“was/were + 动词的过去分词”。 主语是单数名词,be 动词用“was”;“write”的过去分词“written”。故填was written。 28.Tom ________ (punish) by his teacher for fighting with classmates during the break. 【答案】was punished 【详解】句意:汤姆因为课间和同学打架,被老师惩罚了。punish“惩罚”,Tom与punish的关系为被动关系,且动作发生在过去,因此用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was punished。 29.Running the red light or driving a speeding car will ________ (fine) by the police. 【答案】be fined 【详解】句意:闯红灯或驾驶超速车辆将被警察罚款。fine“罚款”,主语“Running the red light or driving a speeding car”与动词fine之间是被动关系,表示“被罚款”,will后接动词原形,所以这里用一般将来时的被动语态“will be + 过去分词”,fine的过去分词是fined。故填be fined。 30.The interview with Yan Jing ________ (hold) next week. 【答案】will be held 【详解】句意:对严静的采访将于下周举行。根据时间状语“next week”可知,句子表示将来发生的事情;主语“The interview”与hold之间为被动关系,应用一般将来时的被动语态,结构为will be done。hold的过去分词为held。故填will be held。 31.The baby ________ (watch) to grow up bit by bit by the window cleaner. 【答案】was watched 【详解】句意:这个婴儿被窗户清洁工一点一点看着长大。根据“The baby”以及提示词可知,主语“The baby”为单数,且与动词watch之间为被动关系(婴儿被观察),需用被动语态;根据语境,此处描述过去情况,应用一般过去时的被动语态was + 过去分词结构,watch的过去分词为watched。故填was watched。 32.Cashiers in supermarkets ________ (replace) by machines soon. 【答案】will be replaced 【详解】句意:超市的收银员很快就会被机器取代。根据“by machines soon”以及提示词可知,replace“取代,代替”,动词;句子主语cashiers与replace是被动关系,且soon表示将来,需用一般将来时的被动语态“will be + 过去分词”结构,replace的过去分词是replaced。故填will be replaced。 33.New jobs ________ (create) to meet people’s new needs in the future. 【答案】will be created 【详解】句意:未来将会创造新的工作岗位,以满足人们的新需求。根据时间状语“in the future”表示将来的时间,所以用一般将来时;主语“new jobs”是“create”这个动作的承受者,所以要用被动语态;一般将来时的被动语态结构will be+过去分词,所以这里用“will be created”。故填will be created。 34.A sense of achievement ________ (feel) by window cleaners when they finish their work. 【答案】is felt 【详解】句意:当擦窗工完成工作时,他们会感受到一种成就感。feel“感觉;感受到”,动词;句子主语“A sense of achievement”与动词feel是被动关系,要用被动语态,且句子描述的是客观情况,用一般现在时的被动语态“is felt”。故填is felt。 35.The novel ________ (translate) into more than 20 languages so far. 【答案】has been translated 【详解】句意:到目前为止,这部小说已被翻译成20多种语言。“so far”是现在完成时的标志,主语“The novel”与“translate”是被动关系,需用现在完成时的被动语态,其结构为“has/have been + 动词过去分词”。主语为单数,助动词用“has”,“translate”的过去分词为translated。故填has been translated。 36.The notice says that anyone who ________ (find) trapped in the flood should call the emergency hotline immediately. 【答案】is found 【详解】句意:通知说,任何被发现困在洪水中的人都应立即拨打紧急热线。find“发现”,anyone与find之间是被动关系,即“任何人被发现”,要用被动语态be done;who引导定语从句,先行词anyone是不定代词,在从句中作主语,谓语动词用单数形式,所以be动词用is,find的过去分词是found。故填is found。 37.The Nobel Prize ________ (award) to Röntgen for his discovery of X-rays. 【答案】was awarded 【详解】句意:伦琴因发现X射线而获得了诺贝尔奖。根据“The Nobel Prize…”可知,主语“The Nobel Prize”与动词award之间是被动关系,表示诺贝尔奖被授予,应用被动语态;且伦琴获奖是发生在过去的历史事实,应用一般过去时。主语为第三人称单数,be动词用was。award的过去分词是awarded。故填was awarded。 38.A lot of ancient medical books ________ (find) in the old library. 【答案】were found 【详解】句意:在旧图书馆里发现了许多古代医学书籍。根据句意可知,该句在陈述过去发生的动作,所以时态为一般过去时;又分析句子,结合所给词可知,该句主语“A lot of ancient medical books”与动词find之间构成被动关系,且主语是复数,find的过去分词是found,所以此处应填入were found,作谓语。故填were found。 39.The Mona Lisa ________ (paint) by Leonardo da Vinci in the 16th century. 【答案】was painted 【详解】句意:《蒙娜丽莎》这幅画是列奥纳多·达·芬奇在16世纪创作的。句子主语“The Mona Lisa”是动作“paint”的承受者,且时间是“in the 16th century”,需用一般过去时的被动语态,其结构为“was/were+过去分词”。而“The Mona Lisa”是单数,故用“was”,“paint”的过去分词为“painted”。故填was painted。 40.The MBTI website ________ (design) different kinds of questions to help you know yourself better. 【答案】designs 【详解】句意:MBTI网站设计了各种不同类型的问题来帮助你更好地了解自己。这句话描述MBTI网站的常规功能,属于客观常态的情况,因此用一般现在时,主语为第三人称单数形式,谓语动词用单数,故填designs。 41.We __________ (ride) bicycles to Georgetown yesterday afternoon. 【答案】rode 【详解】句意:昨天下午我们骑自行车去了乔治敦。句中“yesterday afternoon”为过去的时间状语,提示动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时。ride的过去式为不规则变化rode,故填rode。 42.We ________ (travel) to Europe if we have enough money next summer holiday. 【答案】will travel 【详解】句意:如果我们明年暑假有足够的钱,我们就去欧洲旅行。travel“旅行”,动词;if引导条件状语从句,遵循主将从现原则,主句用一般将来时。故填will travel。 43.He rose to his feet, picked up the book and ________ (shut) the door quietly. 【答案】shut 【详解】句意:他站起来,拿起书,然后轻轻地关上了门。根据“rose”和“picked up”可知,句子时态为一般过去时,描述的是过去发生的动作,and连接并列的谓语动词,所以此处也应该用shut的过去式,而shut的过去式还是shut。故填shut。 44.By the time they worked out this kind of energy-saving lamp, they ______ (overcome) one difficult problem after another. 【答案】had overcome 【详解】句意:到他们研制出这种节能灯的时候,他们已经攻克了一个又一个难题。根据“By the time they worked out this kind of energy-saving lamp,”中的“by the time”可知,其引导的从句用的是一般过去时,说明发生在过去,主句应用过去完成时,其谓语结构为:had done;overcome的过去分词是“overcome”。故填had overcome。 45.He ________ (stick) the knife into the wood and could not pull it out. 【答案】stuck 【详解】句意:他把刀插进木头里,拔不出来了。根据“could not pull it out.”可知,时态是一般过去时,动词用过去式stuck。故填stuck。 46.Do you know anyone who ________ (like) classical music? 【答案】likes 【详解】句意:你认识任何喜欢古典音乐的人吗?本句时态是一般现在时,主语anyone是不定代词,谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填likes。 47.My father asked me if I ________ (finish) my report about ancient inventions. 【答案】had finished 【详解】句意:我爸爸问我是否已经完成了那篇关于古代发明的报告。finish“完成”,动词,根据“My father asked me if I...my report about ancient inventions.”可知,finish发生在asked之前,用过去完成时,其结构为had+过去分词,finish的过去分词为finished。故填had finished。 48.—Hello, may I speak to Miss Zhang? —Sorry. She ________ (hold) a parents’ meeting in the hall. 【答案】is holding 【详解】句意:——你好,我可以和张小姐通话吗? ——抱歉,她正在大厅里召开家长会。 hold“召开”,根据语境,此处表示此刻正在进行的动作,要用现在进行时(am/is/are + 现在分词),主语She是第三人称单数,所以be动词用is,hold的现在分词是holding。 故填is holding。 49.He promised he ________ (pick) me up this morning. Where is he now? 【答案】would pick 【详解】句意:他答应今天早上来接我,他现在在哪里呢?promised是过去式,说明“承诺”这个动作发生在过去,而“来接我”是在承诺之后将要发生的动作,即“过去的将来”,用过去将来时,结构为“would+动词原形”,pick用原形即可,故填would pick。 50.Someone _________ (steal) the works of art in this museum last week. 【答案】stole 【详解】句意:上周有人偷走了这个博物馆的艺术品。根据“last week”可知,时态为一般过去时,动词应用过去式;steal“偷”,是动词原形,过去式是stole。故填stole。 51.The passenger ________ my bag for his when he got off the bus. (mistake) 【答案】mistook 【详解】句意:那位乘客下车时把我的包当成了他的。mistake“弄错”,动词;句中缺少谓语,根据“got off”可知,此句用一般过去时。故填mistook。 52.The artist has ________ many wonderful landscapes since last year. (draw) 【答案】drawn 【详解】句意:这个艺术家自去年以来画了许多精彩的风景画。since意为“自……以来”,现在完成时的标志词,所以本句使用现在完成时,结构是have/has+动词的过去分词,空前已有has,draw的过去分词形式是drawn。故填drawn。 53.The news of their victory ________ (spread) quickly across the whole school. 【答案】spread 【详解】句意:他们获胜的消息迅速传遍了整个学校。根据句子结构,句子缺少谓语动词,spread“传播”,动词原形,符合题意;根据语境可知,句子描述的是过去发生的事情,时态应用一般过去时,动词spread的过去式是spread。故填spread。 54.He spared no effort in schoolwork and ________ (success) in entering his dream university. 【答案】succeeded 【详解】句意:他在学业上不遗余力,成功进入了自己梦想中的大学。根据“spared”可知,句子时态为一般过去时,and连接并列成分,此处也应使用动词过去式,success“成功”,名词,其动词形式为succeed,过去式为succeeded,故填succeeded。 55.Look! The children ________ (lie) on the grass beside Tian Ma River Park. 【答案】are lying 【详解】句意:看!孩子们正躺在天马河公园旁边的草地上。根据“Look!”可知,句子时态为现在进行时,其结构为“be动词+动词现在分词形式”;lie“躺”,动词,其现在分词形式为lying;主语“The children”为复数,be动词应用are。故填are lying。 56.I ________ (visit) the Sunshine Footbridge twice. It looks more fantastic at night. 【答案】have visited 【详解】句意:我已经参观过阳光天桥两次了,它晚上看起来更漂亮。根据句中的时间状语“twice”可知,此处需用现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,其结构为“have/has+过去分词”,主语I后用have,visit的过去分词为visited。故填have visited。 57.Arthur ________ to Toy for not bringing the ticket last night. (apology) 【答案】apologized 【详解】句意:亚瑟昨晚因为没带票向托伊道歉了。“apology”是名词,意为“道歉”。根据时间状语“last night”可知,此处需用动词形式apologize的过去式apologized作谓语,故填apologized。 58.We are proud because our work ________ (represent) our hard work. 【答案】represents 【详解】句意:我们感到自豪,因为我们的工作代表了我们的辛勤努力。根据“We are proud”可知,时态是一般现在时,主语是不可数名词work,动词用第三人称单数。故填represents。 59.When we handed in the poster, Ms. Lin ________ (suggest) a different design to Helen. 【答案】suggested 【详解】句意:当我们提交海报时,林老师向海伦建议了一个不同的设计。根据“When we handed in the poster”可知,此处指过去的事情,应用所给词的过去式形式suggested。故填suggested。 60.I’m terribly sorry that I can’t pay now. Someone ________ my wallet. (steal) 【答案】has stolen 【详解】句意:非常抱歉,我现在没法付钱。有人偷了我的钱包。根据“I’m terribly sorry that I can’t pay now. Someone ... my wallet.”可知,表示钱包被偷导致现在无法支付,强调对现在的影响,应使用现在完成时have/has+done;主语是Someone,用has,steal的过去分词stolen。故填has stolen。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司2 / 27 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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专题01 动词时态和语态(复习讲义)(浙江专用)2026年中考英语二轮复习讲练测
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专题01 动词时态和语态(复习讲义)(浙江专用)2026年中考英语二轮复习讲练测
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专题01 动词时态和语态(复习讲义)(浙江专用)2026年中考英语二轮复习讲练测
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