Unit 9 Human Biology Lesson 2 & Lesson 3 分层同步练习 -2025-2026学年高中英语北师大版选择性必修第三册

Lesson 2 & Lesson 3 一、必备知识基础练 Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空 1.Satellites enable us to calculate their precise 　　　　　(locate) anywhere in the world.  2.To the students’ disappointment,the college is not an 　　　　　　(official) recognized college.  3.Doing garbage 　　　　　　(classify) in a right way can turn waste into wealth,which will benefit us a lot.  4.Yesterday’s unemployment figures were as 　　　　　(depress) as those of the previous 22 months.  5.Every subject of education in school is 　　　　　(system),such as Chinese,mathematics,science and philosophy.  6.Heat the liquid in a large,wide 　　　　　　(contain) rather than a high narrow one,or it can boil over.  Ⅱ.短语填空 consist of;cut down on;be classified as;come into contact with;go into detail;result in 1.Smoking can 　　　　　　　　　　　　a dangerous habit that can cause serious health problems.  2.When you 　　　　　　　　　someone who has a cold or the flu,you can catch the virus. 3.In order to understand a complex topic,it is often necessary to 　　　　　　　　　　　　and study it in depth.  4.We all know that the human body 　　　　　　　many different systems that work together to keep us alive.  5.　　　　　　　　　　　　 calories and increase your physical activity,and you’ll lose weight gradually.  6.Drinking too much alcohol can 　　　　　　　liver damage and other health problems. 二、能力素养提升练 Ⅲ.阅读理解 A (2025浙江三模) When babies are exposed to a variety of faces,they become more adept at recognizing and appreciating diversity,which can help reduce biases and prejudices as they grow.This is according to neuroscientist Saskia Koch of the Donders Institute and Radboud University. Koch conducted her research using data from the Nijmegen longitudinal study.This study followed young people from infancy(婴儿期).First,the researchers looked at how frequently the teenagers had attended day care as babies.Then,the same youngsters were assigned the duty of playing a game when they reached the age of 17.In the game,they had to work with another person they couldn’t see.Both players had the same goal:to find an object on a gameboard.Only the 17-year-olds knew where the item was.The 17-year-olds had to communicate this location to each other without using words.They had to design communication patterns that would assist the other person in locating the object.This could be accomplished,for example,by performing specific movements. The 17-year-olds were informed they were playing with a 5-year-old in one game and an adult in another,despite the partner being the same individual each time.Initially,the 17-year-olds adjusted their communication patterns when they thought they were interacting with the child by placing more emphasis on their movements.How quickly they abandoned this pattern depended on how much time they spent in day care.17-year-olds who had come into contact with many different people as infants were more likely to get over a stereotype(刻板印象).They discovered through the interaction that the “child” was also very good and then based their play on that. According to the researcher this means that babies who have had more diverse social interaction can more easily let go of a stereotype later in life.They are more sensitive to social interaction and can more quickly let go of the image they have in their minds of their peers.Koch says,“Gaining many diverse social experiences early in life allows us to adapt better to the needs of our partners in social interaction.” 1.What does the underlined word “adept” in paragraph 1 mean? A.Forgetful. B.Skillful. C.Interested. D.Disappointed. 2.What was the purpose of the game in the study? A.To confirm the data from the Nijmegen study. B.To test the impact of early social interaction. C.To enhance the youngsters’ cooperative ability. D.To assess the effects of communication patterns. 3.How did the 17-year-olds first respond to the “child” in the game? A.They changed their fixed idea of a child. B.They adjusted the time spent on the game. C.They performed more specific movements. D.They employed verbal interactive patterns. 4.What helps babies with future social contacts according to Koch? A.Interacting with various people. B.Engaging with diverse peers. C.Adapting to the needs of partners. D.Letting go of the old images. B Human tears could carry a flood of useful information.With just a few drops,a new technique can help discover signs of eye disease and even diabetes,reported by some scientists. “We wanted to show the possibility of using tears to discover diseases,” says Fei Liu,a biomedical engineer in China.He says,“The teardrops can open a window for scientists to peer into the entire body,and one day even let people quickly test their tears at home.” As a matter of fact,tears contain tiny sacs (液囊) filled with special messages.If scientists could collect the sacs,they could offer new information on what’s happening inside the body.But collecting enough of these sacs is not easy.  But not many tears come out of eyes at a time.So Liu’s team designed a new way to get the sacs from the small amount of tears.First,the researchers collected tears from study participants.Then,the team used the technique to let small molecules escape,leaving the sacs behind for research. The results gave the scientists abundant data.The team found that different types of dry-eye disease left their own molecular fingerprints in people’s tears.What’s more,tears could help doctors monitor how a patient’s diabetes is progressing. Now,the scientists want to look to tears for the evidence of other diseases as well as depression or emotional stress.“This is just the beginning.Tears express something that we haven’t really explored.So the research is worth further conducting,” says the study co-author Luke Lee,a bioengineer at Harvard Medical School. 5.What is the purpose of using the new technique? A.To treat some diseases. B.To find the cause of tears. C.To report useful diet information. D.To discover some diseases through tears. 6.What do the underlined words “peer into” in paragraph 2 mean? A.Look into. B.Turn into. C.Change into. D.Run into. 7.What does paragraph 3 show? A.Why the team gained sacs. B.How the team collected sacs. C.Where the team researched tears. D.What the team learned from tears. 8.What does Luke Lee think of the research? A.It is fruitless. B.It is meaningful. C.It is out of control. D.It is easy to conduct. C An air-conditioner’s setting often forms the basis of office arguments between women and men regarding the “correct” temperature for it to be set.And it’s a common debate between couples—the perfect temperature to keep both parties warm but not hot.Research does consistently show women prefer a higher indoor temperature to men.But is there any science backing up the widespread belief that women “feel the cold” more than men? At around the same body weight,women tend to have less muscle to produce heat.Women also have more fat between the skin and the muscle,so the skin feels colder,as it’s slightly further away from blood vessels. Women also tend to have a lower metabolic(代谢)rate than men,which reduces heat production during cold exposure,making women more likely to feel cold as the temperature drops. The hormones oestrogen and progesterone(雌激素和孕激素),found in large quantities in women,contribute to the core body and skin temperatures.Oestrogen dilates (扩张) blood vessels at the extremities.This means more heat can be lost to the surrounding air.And progesterone can cause the vessels in the skin to narrow,meaning less blood will flow to some areas to keep the inner organs warmer,leaving women feeling cooler. So how do we agree on the ideal temperature?The “Scandinavian sleep method”,where couples sleep with separate blankets,is one way to overcome the differences in temperature preferences. In the workplace,personal comfort systems are heat systems that can be locally positioned in individual work stations such as desktops,chairs,or near the feet and legs.Examples include small desk fans,heated chairs and blankets,or foot-warmers.These systems provide individualised comfort to meet personal needs without affecting others in the same space,and have been found to produce higher comfort satisfaction in the workplace.They may also be an energy-efficient method to balance warmth and health in office environments. 9.Why does a couple often have an argument on temperature control? A.Because the wife prefers to work indoors than outdoors. B.Because the wife would like to stay in a cooler place. C.Because they have different preferences for temperature. D.Because they have no air-conditioner to heat their office. 10.What may happen to men and women of the same weight? A.Men may be much stronger than women. B.Men may have more fat than women. C.Women may feel colder than men. D.Women may produce more heat than men. 11.How does the fourth paragraph develop? A.By giving examples. B.By listing reasons. C.By solving problems. D.By making comparisons. 12.Which of the following can help create a comfortable workplace without bothering others? A.Using a personal heater. B.Moving into a warm office. C.Applying a new heating system. D.Asking for an extra individual room. Ⅳ.七选五 The world continues to struggle with extreme heatwaves,which are becoming even more regular thanks to climate change.　1　 Researchers have found that by wearing appropriate clothes,it is possible to save considerable energy,both saving money and cutting greenhouse gas emissions.So what should you wear?  When it comes to colour,most people wear white in summer,because white reflects the sun’s rays,rather than absorb the light.　2　 When that heat from our bodies hits the white clothing,it is reflected back at us.A study of why Bedouins,who live in desert regions in the Arabian Peninsula,Middle East and North Africa wear black robes (袍服) in the desert,found that heat exposure was the same whether they wore black or white robes.  How is that possible?Black coloured fabrics absorb heat coming from the body,which plays a role in cooling your body down.　3　 The clothes heat up the space between the fabric and the skin,promoting an upward air current—like a chimney—and providing cooling relief.　4　  In terms of material,it’s better to have fabrics that allow water vapour to pass through.Cotton absorbs moisture but it doesn’t dry quickly,so if you’re sweating a lot,your clothes will stay wet.　5　 Linen is widely worn as it has excellent breath ability due to its large fibres,but like cotton it is slow to dry.Merino wool has been a popular choice for outdoor enthusiasts as it’s breathable.  Therefore,it turns out that picking an outfit to stay cool is more complex than simply throwing on a white T-shirt.But the right fabric and appropriate fit work. A.It means cotton does not do so great with this. B.Cotton is considered as the most comfortable material. C.The clothing we wear is a vital component in how we stay cool. D.So the fit of the clothing is actually more important than the colour. E.So if you are considering what to wear,then stick with a white T-shirt. F.However,heat doesn’t just come from the sun—it comes from our bodies too. G.The Bedouin’s secret is wearing loose-fitting black clothing,especially if it’s windy. Ⅴ.完形填空 Kayleigh Williamson,born and raised in Austin,Texas,made history as the first woman with Down syndrome to complete the New York City Marathon.Light-hearted dances,hugs and high fives from bystanders kept her spirits high and helped 　1　 her through the more difficult moments of muscle pain.Kayleigh’s fierce and 　2　 spirit helped her push on,and she broke down in tears of 　3　 as she crossed the finish line.  In 2017 when her mother,Sandy,a runner,suggested that they make 　4　 lifestyle choices,Kayleigh decided to 　5　 Sandy on her daily run,and she soon 　6　 that she loved it.  “I like to run because it makes me feel 　7　,”Kayleigh said.  The pair then took their　8　 for running to the next level and signed up to compete in local and national races.Since then,they have run 20 half marathons 　9　.  Kayleigh participated in her first full marathon in 2022 in her hometown of Austin.She then set her 　10　 on the New York City Marathon,which she completed on November 1,2023.  Her muscles were sore,and they were 　11　 her.But Kayleigh 　12　.She didn’t want to give up.Thousands of New York spectators 　13　 a tired and sore Kayleigh as she crossed the finish line.  “I did a　14　 dance at the finish line,”Kayleigh recalled.  Kayleigh is not done making history.Her goal now is to run a half marathon in every state to　15　 her grandmother who recently passed away.  1.A.relieve B.fuel C.cure D.preserve 2.A.consistent B.embarrassed C.courageous D.determined 3.A.pain B.joy C.sadness D.regret 4.A.healthier B.richer C.happier D.easier 5.A.assist B.accompany C.join D.urge 6.A.concluded B.discovered C.predicted D.explained 7.A.delighted B.touched C.confused D.amused 8.A.position B.pride C.patience D.passion 9.A.eventually B.further C.altogether D.potentially 10.A.talents B.appetites C.achievements D.sights 11.A.motivating B.bothering C.defeating D.interrupting 12.A.stopped B.hesitated C.completed D.proceeded 13.A.cheered on B.yelled at C.picked up D.pushed away 14.A.failure B.relief C.victory D.relaxation 15.A.honor B.award C.satisfy D.appreciate Ⅵ.语法填空 The Cultural Landscape of Old Tea Forests of Jingmai Mountain in Pu’er,Southwest China was inscribed onto the UNESCO World Heritage List,1.(become) the first World Heritage Site for tea culture. Over the past 12 years,the local government and villagers 2.　　　　　　(cooperate) closely in the ecological development of traditional villages,old tea plantations and forests.By applying 3.　　　　　　(advance) and scientific methods into traditional tea processing,the local community has got rid of poverty.The landscape is considered as 4.　　　　　　 typical example of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature,5.　　　　　　 shows local people’s wisdom to know,respect and make use of nature.  Jingmai Mountain still preserves the languages,customs and festivals of different ethnic 6.　　　　　　(group),adding more charm to the ancient tea forests.The local villagers are grateful for nature’s gifts and consider the tea forests as a part of 7.(they) lives.They have a unique “tea ancestor belief”.People express gratitude to the tea trees and seek blessings 8.　　　　　　 the tea forests and villages on important days.A secret traditional ceremony,passed down for generations,is carried out before picking tea leaves.  9.　　　　　　(encouraging),an increasing number of young people are choosing 10.　　　　　(stay) in their hometowns and safeguard the tea forests left by their ancestors.  Ⅶ.读后续写 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Our flight didn’t leave until Sunday night,so I worked as usual during the day on Sunday,playing the piano during brunch at a golf resort located down in the valley.I loved my job and my customers,most of whom faithfully dined every Sunday. That morning,I’d told my customers that my sweet daughter had loaned me money for an airline ticket so I could fly out with her and my grandchildren to see my father for what we believed would be the last time. One of my favorite customers came over before she left and gave me a huge hug.In the process,she slipped a bill in my hand instead of dropping it in my tip basket.Her voice sounded serious.“This is for your trip.It’s not to pay bills and not to pay your daughter for the plane ticket.” My eyes watered as I stared at the fifty-dollar bill into my hand.“Thank you,but I can’t accept this.It’s way too much money.” Every Sunday,this woman left me a more-than-generous tip,but this seemed too much.When I refused the bill and tried to hand it back,she gently pushed away my hand.“I know you’ll find the perfect use for it.Have fun.I’ll see you when you get back.” I was struggling to make ends meet,so that extra fifty dollars would have come in handy for bills or groceries.Yet my customer’s words kept echoing (重复) through my head.After talking it over with my husband,he agreed.I should take the fifty dollars with me and honor my customer’s wishes. Our plane took off late,and when we landed,my daughter and I dashed through the airport with two young children,terrified of missing our connecting flight. When we finally reached our gate,I spotted a young mother with tears streaming down her face searching through her carry-on bags,obviously losing something. 注意:1.续写词数应为150左右; 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 I walked over and put my arm around her. _____________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ I grabbed the woman’s hand and slipped her the money. _________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 Ⅰ.1.location　2.officially　3.classification　4.depressing　5.systematic　6.container Ⅱ.1.be classified as　2.come into contact with　3.go into detail　4.consists of　5.Cut down on　6.result in Ⅲ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了神经科学家科赫通过研究证明婴儿期接触多样面孔和社交互动有助于减少偏见,并在17岁青少年游戏测试中得到验证,即多样社交经验利于未来社交适应。 1.B　词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“When babies are exposed to a variety of faces,they become more adept at recognizing and appreciating diversity,which can help reduce biases and prejudices as they grow.”以及最后一段中的“According to the researcher this means that babies who have had more diverse social interaction can more easily let go of a stereotype later in life.They are more sensitive to social interaction and can more quickly let go of the image they have in their minds of their peers.”可知,婴儿接触多种面孔时,在识别和欣赏多样性方面会变得更熟练,画线单词表示“熟练的,擅长的”,与skillful意义相近。 2.B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Koch conducted her research using data from the Nijmegen longitudinal study.This study followed young people from infancy.First,the researchers looked at how frequently the teenagers had attended day care as babies.Then,the same youngsters were assigned the duty of playing a game when they reached the age of 17.”以及后文对游戏过程中不同婴儿期经历对17岁青少年行为影响的描述可知,游戏的目的是测试早期社会互动的影响。 3.C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Initially,the 17-year-olds adjusted their communication patterns when they thought they were interacting with the child by placing more emphasis on their movements.”可知,17岁的青少年最初认为在和孩子互动时,会更强调自己的特定动作。 4.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,根据科赫的说法,婴儿与各种各样的人互动有助于他们未来的社交。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道,中国温州医科大学生物医学工程师Fei Liu的研究团队发明了一种从微小体积的眼泪中获得液囊的新方法,以此来检测人类的疾病。 5.D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“With just a few drops,a new technique can help discover signs of eye disease and even diabetes”可知,使用这项新技术的目的是通过眼泪发现一些疾病。 6.A　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“The teardrops can open a window for scientists”以及下文“one day even let people quickly test their tears at home.”可知,这些泪滴可以为科学家们研究整个身体打开一扇窗户。故画线词的意思是“研究”。 7.B　段落大意题。根据第三段可知,本段说明了团队如何收集液囊。 8.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“This is just the beginning.Tears express something that we haven’t really explored.”可知,Luke Lee认为对眼泪研究是有意义的。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析女性比男性更“感觉寒冷”的原因。 9.C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“And it’s a common debate between couples—the perfect temperature to keep both parties warm but not hot.Research does consistently show women prefer a higher indoor temperature to men.”可知,夫妻之间关于温控的争论主要是因为他们对温度有不同的偏好。 10.C　推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知,相同体重下,女人可能会比男人更觉得冷。 11.B　推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容可知,本段主要分析女性感觉更凉爽的原因。 12.A　细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知,使用个人加热器能帮助创造一个舒适的工作场所而不打扰他人。 Ⅳ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了衣服的材质、合身度、颜色对穿着凉爽的影响。 1.C　根据上文“The world continues to struggle with extreme heatwaves,which are becoming even more regular thanks to climate change.”说明“极端热浪天气”以及下文“Researchers have found that by wearing appropriate clothes,it is possible to save considerable energy,both saving money and cutting greenhouse gas emissions.So what should you wear?”说明“合适的衣服”可知,空处说明“我们穿的衣服是保持凉爽的重要因素”符合语境。 2.F　根据上文“When it comes to colour,most people wear white in summer,because white reflects the sun’s rays,rather than absorb the light.”说明“白色反光”以及下文“When that heat from our bodies hits the white clothing...whether they wore black or white robes.”说明“当我们身体的热量接触到白色衣服时,它会反射回我们身上”可知,空处“然而,热量不仅来自太阳,也来自我们的身体”符合语境。 3.G　根据上文“How is that possible?Black coloured fabrics absorb heat coming from the body,which plays a role in cooling your body down.”以及下文“The clothes heat up the space between the fabric and the skin,promoting an upward air current—like a chimney—and providing cooling relief.”可知,空处说明穿某种衣服可以保持凉爽。 4.D　根据上文“The clothes heat up the space between the fabric and the skin,promoting an upward air current—like a chimney—and providing cooling relief.”说明“衣服和皮肤之间空间的大小会影响穿着的温度,即合身度的重要性”可知,空处说明“所以衣服的合身度实际上比颜色更重要”符合语境。 5.A　根据上文“In terms of material,it’s better to have fabrics that allow water vapour to pass through.Cotton absorbs moisture but it doesn’t dry quickly,so if you’re sweating a lot,your clothes will stay wet.”说明“棉质会吸收水分,你的衣服就会保持潮湿,说明棉花不利于透气和保持凉爽”可知,空处说明“这意味着棉花在这方面做得不太好。”符合语境。 Ⅴ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。在得克萨斯州奥斯汀出生和长大的凯莉·威廉姆森创造了历史,成为第一位完成纽约市马拉松比赛的患有唐氏综合征的女性。 1.B　根据上文中的“Light-hearted dances,hugs and high fives from bystanders kept her spirits high”可知,观众轻松的舞蹈、拥抱和击掌让她精神振奋,帮助激励(fuel)她度过了肌肉疼痛的艰难时刻。 2.D　根据上文中的“fierce”及下文中的“helped her push on”可知,凯莉坚强和坚定的(determined)精神帮助她继续前进。 3.B　根据下文中的“as she crossed the finish line”可知,当她越过终点线时,她喜极而泣(in tears of joy)。 4.A　根据下文“Kayleigh decided to 　　　Sandy on her daily run”可知,她的妈妈建议她做出更加健康的(healthier)选择。  5.C　根据下文叙述可知,Kayleigh决定加入(join)妈妈的日常跑步。 6.B　根据本句语境可知,她不久就发现(discovered)她爱上了跑步。 7.A　根据上文“I like to run”可知,Kayleigh说她喜欢跑步是因为跑步让她快乐(delighted)。 8.D　根据下文“and signed up to compete in local and national races”可知,这对母女将她们对跑步的热情(passion)提升到了一个新的水平,并报名参加了当地和全国的比赛。 9.C　根据本句语境可知,自她们报名参加当地和全国比赛至今,她们总共(altogether)已经跑了20场半程马拉松。 10.D　根据下文“which she completed on November 1,2023”可知,她随之把目光(sights)投向了纽约马拉松,并于2023年11月1日完成了比赛。 11.B　根据上文“Her muscles were sore”可知,她肌肉疼痛,这很困扰(bothering)她。 12.D　根据下文“She didn’t want to give up.”可知,尽管肌肉疼痛困扰着她,她还是继续(proceed),没有放弃。 13.A　根据下文“as she crossed the finish line”可知,她冲过终点线时数千名纽约的旁观者为其欢呼(cheered on)。 14.C　根据上文“Thousands of New York spectators 　　　a tired and sore Kayleigh as she crossed the finish line.”可知,她跑完了纽约马拉松赛,在终点处她跳了一支胜利的(victory)舞蹈。  15.A　根据下文“who recently passed away”可知,她现在的目标是在每个州跑半程马拉松,以纪念(honor)她最近去世的祖母。 Ⅵ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。中国西南的普洱景迈山古茶林文化景观被联合国教科文组织列入世界遗产名录,成为第一个世界茶文化遗产。文章主要介绍了普洱景迈山古茶林发展过程以及该景观的特点。 1.becoming　考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词作状语,become和其逻辑主语The Cultural Landscape of Old Tea Forests of Jingmai Mountain in Pu’er之间为主动关系,应用现在分词形式。 2.have cooperated/have been cooperating　考查时态。根据时间状语Over the past 12 years可知,谓语动词应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。 3.advanced　考查形容词。此处应用形容词advanced作定语,修饰名词methods。 4.a　考查冠词。表示泛指应用不定冠词。 5.which　考查定语从句。空处所填词引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面整个句子,应用which。 6.groups　考查名词的数。在different后常用复数,应用复数名词groups。 7.their　考查代词。作定语应用形容词性物主代词。 8.for　考查介词。seek blessings for为固定搭配,意为“为……祈求祝福”。 9.Encouragingly　考查副词。修饰整个句子应用副词作状语。 10.to stay　考查非谓语动词。choose后应用动词不定式作宾语。 Ⅶ. I walked over and put my arm around her.“Are you okay?Can I help you?” Between sobs,the woman told me that she’d lost her purse somewhere along her trip.Without her purse,she could not pay for a taxi or food,and had no way to contact her husband and let him know what had happened.As they announced that our flight was boarding,fresh tears of panic filled the mother’s eyes,and I told her not to worry.I realized my customer had been right—I had found the perfect use for the money she’d given me.  I grabbed the woman’s hand and slipped her the money.Thanking me over and over,her sobs turned to tears of joy as we boarded our flight together.On the plane,my daughter ended up sitting near this woman,and I overheard their conversation.“Please,give me your mom’s address so I can pay her back when I get home.” “No,” my daughter said.“Maybe someday you’ll get the chance to pass the favor on to someone else in need.That would make my mother happy.”  学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $