第5讲 第2节 三类阅读C、D篇突破-【领跑高中】2026年高考英语二轮专题复习学生用书Word（提升版）

第二节　三类阅读C、D篇突破 考查点一　科研报告类 类型1　实验报告 【典例呈现】 　　（2025·河北保定模拟）For the precise timekeeper，only an atomic clock will do.While the best quartz （石英） timepieces will lose a millisecond every six weeks，an atomic clock might not lose a thousandth of one in a decade.Such devices are accurate enough to drive everything from GPS and the Internet to stock-market trading.However，researchers are now working on a successor： the nuclear clock.Ekkehard Peik，a pioneer in the field，says such a clock could be 1，000 times more accurate than today’s atomic clocks. 　　Atomic clocks work by exciting the electrons around an atom’s nucleus （原子核） with incoming radiation of a specific frequency，with each wave cycle corresponding to a “tick”.Nuclear clocks would function similarly but would use the transitions of neutrons and protons （中子和质子） inside the nucleus. 　　The most promising candidate nucleus is thorium-229，which uniquely，has a nuclear transition that lasers （激光） should be able to activate.The exact frequency at which this occurs，however，has long been unknown.Researchers Zhang Chuankun and Jun Ye，from the University of Colorado Boulder，bypassed this challenge by developing a custom-built laser capable of generating a range of frequencies around the expected transition point.When they fired it at the target，one particular light stream matched the nuclear transition frequency.Although the system needs optimization，Zhang says，“It’s the first demonstration that all the components of a nuclear clock are here.” 　　Because atomic clocks are already more than accurate enough for most practical uses，scientists are not aiming to replace them.Instead，they are more interested in the advantages of having two independent methods for measuring time.As beyond precise timekeeping， nuclear clocks could have broader applications in fundamental physics.One potential use is in testing Einstein’s theory of relativity，which suggests，among other things，that clocks should tick more slowly in stronger gravitational fields.If nuclear clocks show any differences in their response compared to atomic clocks under such conditions，it could motivate a rethinking of these well-established theories. 1.What do we know about atomic clocks？ A.They are less accurate than quartz timepieces. B.They are accurate enough for nearly all practical uses today. C.The difference between atomic and quartz clocks is insignificant. D.They are not reliable enough for technologies like GPS or stock trading. 2.What breakthrough did Chuankun Zhang and Jun Ye achieve？ A.They predicted the exact frequency of the thorium-229 nuclear transition. B.They discovered a new type of nuclear transition in thorium-229. C.They built a laser to target frequencies near the transition point. D.They used a microwave-based laser to measure the thorium-229 transition. 3.The text suggests that Einstein’s theory of relativity might need revision if 　　　　. A.atomic clocks stop working accurately in strong gravity B.nuclear clocks prove to be more accurate than atomic clocks C.scientists discover a new force beyond the nuclear and electromagnetic forces D.nuclear clocks tick differently in strong gravity compared to atomic clocks 4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text？ A.The End of Atomic Time： A New Clock Redefining Precision B.The New Age of Timekeeping：From Quartz to Atomic Clocks C.The Nuclear Revolution： A Clock That Changed Our Understanding of Time D.The Test of Time： A New Clock Challenging the Laws of Physics 篇章结构　根据实验研究与报告说明文的结构模型可将文章结构梳理如下： 考场思维 T1.定：题干关键词：atomic clocks； 设问方向：对研究的具体背景设问； 题目类型：细节理解题。 找：答题信息句：①第一段中的an atomic clock ...are accurate enough to drive everything from ... ②最后一段中的atomic clocks are already more than accurate enough for most practical uses 比对：原子钟足够精确，可以为从GPS和互联网到股票市场交易的一切计时。再结合最后一段第一句可知，原子钟对于大多数实际应用来说都已经足够准确了。 自主解答：B T2.定：题干关键词：breakthrough； 设问方向：对具体的研究突破设问； 题目类型：细节理解题。 找：答题信息句：第三段中的Researchers Zhang Chuankun and Jun Ye ...bypassed this challenge by developing a custom-built laser capable of generating a range of frequencies around the expected transition point. 比对：根据第三段中的关键信息句可知，两位研究人员开发了一种定制激光器，能够在预期的跃迁点周围产生一系列频率。 自主解答：C T3.定：题干关键词：Einstein’s theory of relativity； 设问方向：对研究的未来应用方向设问； 题目类型：推理判断题。 找：关键信息句：最后一段中的One potential use is in testing Einstein’s theory of relativity，which suggests，among other things，that clocks should tick more slowly in stronger gravitational fields.If nuclear clocks show any differences in their response compared to atomic clocks under such conditions，it could motivate a rethinking of these well-established theories.上述句中的such conditions 指的是stronger gravitational fields，these well-established theories包括Einstein’s theory of relativity。 比对：根据最后一段关键信息句可知，如果在更强的引力场下，原子核钟与原子钟的计时产生任何不同，就可能促使人们重新思考那些已经确立的理论。也就是说，如果原子核钟在强引力场中与原子钟走得不同，那么爱因斯坦的相对论可能需要修正。 自主解答：D 4.定：题干关键词：the best title for the text； 设问方向：对理解全文主旨大意设问； 题目类型：标题归纳题。 找：通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了新型原子核钟的研发将大大提高测定时间的精度。 比对：A项“The End of Atomic Time：A New Clock Redefining Precision（原子时间的终结：一种重新定义精度的新时钟）”能够概括全文，适合作为文章标题。 自主解答：A 类型2　新兴技术 【典例呈现】 　　（2025·河北石家庄二中模拟）Come up with something at least 10 characters long.Include numbers，at least one symbol，and — just to be safe.Oh，and make it something you’ll remember， of course.Yes，passwords are maddening，but their days are numbered： Passkeys are here to make passwords obsolete. 　　With passkeys you don’t have to remember — or make up — anything.When you register to use a site or app，your device generates two mathematically linked keys： a public key and a private key.The public key stays on the servers of the app or website you’re signing in to.The private key，a long string of characters，is stored only on your device.When you sign in，the server，like the guard at the gate，presents a challenge to your device.Your device responds by using the private key as your personal signature or authorization.You then use your PIN（personal identification number），fingerprint，facial recognition，or similar means to unlock your device to approve the signature，and the server then matches your signature with your corresponding public key.Your private passkey is safe because there’s no way to get a private key from a public key. 　　Because passkeys are generated for a specific site or app，they won’t work on phishing sites （those that look just like your bank’s website，for example，and steal your password when you try to sign in）.Passkeys are also immune to social engineering attacks，because you don’t know the passkey； only your device does. 　　Even though passkeys are “as foolproof a solution as has ever existed，” Jonathan S.Weissman，a cybersecurity expert at the Rochester Institute of Technology，says many people will stick with what they’re comfortable with. 　　Andrew Shikiar，director of the FIDO Alliance （线上快速身份验证联盟），agrees that people resist change，but believes that consumers eventually adapt to new technologies.“We’ll come to a point where we look back on passwords like we do the dial phone，” he predicts. 1.What does the underlined word “obsolete” in paragraph 1 probably mean？ A.Out of trouble.　　 B.Out of reach. C.Out of hand. D.Out of date. 2.What is the second paragraph mainly talking about concerning passkeys？ A.Their composition. B.Their mechanics. C.Their characteristics. D.Their application. 3.What can be inferred about passkeys？ A.They’re phishing-resistant. B.They’re stored by specific apps. C.They became an immediate success. D.They’ll change automatically for safety. 4.What attitude does Shikiar have towards the prospect of passkeys？ A.Doubtful. B.Cautious. C.Optimistic. D.Dismissive. 篇章结构　根据介绍新兴技术的文章结构模型可将文章结构梳理如下： 考场思维 T1.定：题干关键词：the underlined word “obsolete” in paragraph 1； 设问方向：对研发背景，及密码的不足设问； 题目类型：词义猜测题。 找：答题信息句：第一段中的Yes， passwords are maddening，but their days are numbered 比对：根据第一段关键信息句可知，密码令人恼火，但它们的日子不长了，故发明密钥（passkeys）是为了替代密码，即密码要过时了。 自主解答：D T2.定：题干关键词：the second paragraph mainly talking about concerning passkeys； 设问方向：对新技术的工作原理设问； 题目类型：段落大意题。 找：关键信息句：第二段中的With passkeys you don’t have to remember — or make up — anything.When you register to use a site or app，your device generates two mathematically linked keys： a public key and a private key. 比对：根据第二段的关键信息句以及第二段其余的内容可知，第二段详细介绍了通行密钥的生成过程，包括公钥和私钥的产生及其如何在登录过程中起作用，属于对通行密钥运作机制的描述。 自主解答：B T3.定：题干关键词：passkeys； 设问方向：对新技术的优势设问； 题目类型：推理判断题。 找：关键信息句：第三段中的Because passkeys are generated for a specific site or app，they won’t work on phishing sites （those that look just like your bank’s website，for example，and steal your password when you try to sign in）. 比对：根据第三段的关键信息句可知，通行密钥针对特定网站或应用生成，不会在钓鱼网站上生效，这显示了其抵抗钓鱼攻击的能力。由此推知，密钥具有防钓鱼功能。 自主解答：A 易错点拨：部分学生看到第二段中的The public key stays on the servers of the app or website you’re signing in to.与B项相似，没有注意到原文说的是The public key 而不是passkeys。 T4.定：题干关键词：attitude ...towards the prospect of passkeys； 设问方向：对密钥的前景进行提问； 题目类型：观点态度题。 找：答题信息句：最后一段中的We’ll come to a point where we look back on passwords like we do the dial phone 比对：根据最后一段中的关键信息句可知，Shikiar认为消费者最终会适应新技术，会像回顾拨号电话一样回顾密码。由此可知，他对于通行密钥的前景持乐观态度。 自主解答：C 类型3　问题解决 【典例呈现】 　　（2025·河北石家庄模拟）Unlike some of Spain’s tourist hotspots，where tensions between locals and tourists have risen over the summer，the Cíes Islands present a rare success story.A simple but effective cap on daily visitor numbers has greatly reduced the pressure on the environment and created a more pleasant experience for visitors. 　　Before boarding the ferryboat to the islands，visitors must first secure a QR code from the Galician regional government and pay 25 for the round-trip fare.“It was chaos before the cap，” says José Bouzas，the director of the park.“There were just too many people.Now，not only do they understand the need for this limit，but they also appreciate it.It allows visitors to enjoy their time here without impacting the ecosystem.” 　　Spain’s overtourism problems aren’t limited to its most famous cities.Mass tourism has become a flashpoint for local annoyances.Protests erupted in multiple locations this year against the unchecked growth that affects local life.While tourism is often blamed for broader social issues，some experts argue that it’s only part of the problem.Linda Osti，a senior tourism lecturer at Bangor University，suggests that protests in cities like Barcelona expose a deeper disconnection between local authorities and residents.“Local governments should talk more about their intentions with their communities，” Osti says.“It’s not just about tourism； it’s about economic planning.If local people had better housing and employment conditions，tourism wouldn’t be such a flashpoint.” 　　As visitors sail to the Cíes Islands，they witness a rare and beautiful balance between nature and tourism.It’s a place where nature lovers and eco-conscious travellers can enjoy a break from the crowds that overwhelm other parts of Spain.But this careful balance wasn’t achieved overnight.It required local authorities to take tough decisions，like the cap on visitors，and to stick with them，even as tourism grew elsewhere.For José Bouzas，the lesson is clear： “If you don’t conserve these islands，there’s no point.You’d end up killing the goose that lays the golden eggs.” 1.What’s the secret to the Cíes Islands’ success in tourism？ A.Limiting tourist numbers. B.Building more facilities. C.Practising green tourism. D.Providing quality service. 2.What is a requirement for tourists to visit the Cíes Islands？ A.Taking a local ferryboat. B.Buying travel insurance. C.Getting an official QR code. D.Passing security checks. 3.What should the government do according to Linda Osti？ A.Communicate with tourists. B.Promote community interactions. C.Develop the mass tourism industry. D.Improve housing and employment. 4.What can we infer from the last paragraph？ A.Tourism benefits both tourists and local people. B.The local authority will continue the tourism policy. C.The ecosystem on the Cíes Islands needs improving. D.Travellers will visit the Cíes Islands in large crowds. 篇章结构　根据问题解决类的文章结构模型可将文章结构梳理如下： 考场思维 T1.定：题干关键词：the Cíes Islands’ success in tourism； 设问方向：对成功案例本身设问； 题目类型：细节理解题。 找：根据题干中的success定位信息到第一段中的success，其后的A simple but effective cap on daily visitor numbers has greatly reduced the pressure on the environment and created a more pleasant experience for visitors.为关键信息句。 比对：根据关键信息句可知，对每日游客数量的限制是该群岛旅游成功的关键因素，减轻了环境压力并提升了游客体验。准确理解cap表示“最高限量”是解题关键。 自主解答：A T2.定：题干关键词：requirement； 设问方向：对具体做法设问； 题目类型：细节理解题。 找：关键信息句：第二段开头Before boarding the ferryboat to the islands，visitors must first secure a QR code from the Galician regional government and pay 25 for the round-trip fare. 比对：关键信息句说明游客去该群岛的要求之一是从加利西亚地区政府获取官方二维码。 自主解答：C T3.定：题干关键词：the government； 设问方向：对问题根源设问； 题目类型：推理判断题。 找：第三段中Linda Osti 提到的Local governments should talk more about their intentions with their communities ...If local people had better housing and employment conditions，tourism wouldn’t be such a flashpoint. 比对：根据第三段的关键信息句可知，当地政府应该改善当地居民的住房和就业条件。 自主解答：D T4.定：题干关键词：the last paragraph； 设问方向：对后续措施设问； 题目类型：推理判断题。 找：关键信息句：最后一段中的But this careful balance wasn’t achieved overnight.It required local authorities to take tough decisions，like the cap on visitors，and to stick with them，even as tourism grew elsewhere. 比对：根据最后一段中的关键信息句可知，这种保护自然与旅游的平衡来之不易，需要当地政府做出像限制游客数量这样的艰难决定并坚持下去。由此可以推断出，当地政府会继续执行现有的旅游政策。 自主解答：B 考查点二　人文社科类 类型1　事理阐释 【典例呈现】 　　（2025·河南郑州模拟）Let’s face it： we are influenced by AI algorithms （算法） when surfing the Internet on a daily basis. 　　If you think about it，almost anything you can possibly click on over the Internet wants to influence you in some way.Even if it’s not an advertisement and the goal isn’t literally to sell you a product or service，it wants to influence you somehow，whether it’s getting you to think something， feel something， or do something. 　　Behind every social media influencer，there are the companies that own the platforms these influencers use.Generally speaking，the goal of these platforms is to keep users on them as often as possible for as long as possible and this increases the likelihood of those users clicking on targeted ads. 　　These platforms use the users’ data to serve the content most likely to arouse their emotions and keep them engaged.The kind of content that’s effective at keeping people engaged often happens to be emotionally charged： sensational （轰动的），controversial，or misinformative.Unfortunately，due to its massive computing power，AI is very good at understanding your psychology （often better than you do） and，therefore，using content that is most likely to “push your buttons”. 　　Obviously，AI itself has no emotions.It doesn’t “want” to influence you or to have power over you，but it does simply because，in the context of the Internet，that’s what it’s been programmed to do.The people who use AI as their tools are simply trying to accomplish the goal of any platform or company，which is to be profitable. 　　In a previous post，I wrote about being data literate.Well，the first step towards protecting yourself against AI’s influence is to be conscious of the fact that we live in an attention economy in which much of the business occurs between companies that want your attention and the content platforms that provide it to them. 1.What message does the author try to convey about social media in paragraph 3？ A.It is developing rapidly. B.It is trying to control us. C.It enjoys great popularity. D.It offers us a variety of choices. 2.What kind of content do the social media platforms favour most？ A.The content that causes emotional reactions. B.The content that creates value for users. C.The content that spreads positive energy. D.The content that makes users feel satisfied. 3.Which of the following may be to blame according to the author？ A.AI algorithms. B.Content creators. C.Social media users. D.Social media platforms. 4.What will the author probably talk about in the paragraph that follows？ A.How social media platforms work. B.How AI algorithms are influencing us. C.Some measures to protect ourselves. D.Some negative effects of AI algorithms. 篇章结构　根据事理阐释类论说文的文章结构模型可将文章结构梳理如下： 考场思维 T1.定：题干关键词：convey about social media in paragraph 3； 设问方向：对论述背景和作者的论点进行设问； 题目类型：推理判断题。 找：关键信息句：第三段中的Generally speaking，the goal of these platforms is to keep users on them as often as possible for as long as possible and this increases the likelihood of those users clicking on targeted ads. 比对：第三段主要说明了社交媒体平台主要是在吸引我们的注意力，最终目的是增加我们点击投放广告的概率，即社交媒体利用让我们感兴趣的内容以便提高广告点击率。由此可知，作者在第三段想要传达的信息是社交媒体正试图（用我们感兴趣的内容）控制我们（点击广告）。 自主解答：B T2.定：题干关键词：content，favour most； 设问方向：对事实论据信息的理解设问； 题目类型：细节理解题。 找：关键信息句：第四段中的The kind of content that’s effective at keeping people engaged often happens to be emotionally charged： sensational（轰动的），controversial，or misinformative. 比对：根据第四段的关键信息句可知，社交媒体上能够有效吸引用户的内容往往是那些轰动的、有争议的或误导性的信息，这些内容有一个共同点，那就是能激发或煽动网友们的各种情绪反应。A项中的causes emotional reactions和文中的be emotionally charged是同义转述。 自主解答：A T3.定：题干关键词：be to blame； 设问方向：对作者的最终结论设问； 题目类型：推理判断题。 找：关键信息句：第五段中的The people who use AI as their tools are simply trying to accomplish the goal of any platform or company，which is to be profitable. 比对：根据第五段关键信息句可知，使用人工智能作为工具的人只是试图实现任何平台或公司的目标，即盈利。因此，作者认为，真正试图操控和影响我们的是社交媒体平台。 自主解答：D 易错点拨：部分学生受到第一段中的we are influenced by AI algorithms的影响，错选A项。第五段中的that’s what it’s been programmed to do说明人工智能本身只是被设定成这样的。真正的问题在于背后给人工智能编程的人和公司。 T4.定：题干关键词：in the paragraph that follows； 设问方向：对作者提出的应对措施设问； 题目类型：推理判断题。 找：关键信息句：最后一段中的Well，the first step towards protecting yourself against AI’s influence ...that provide it to them. 比对：根据最后一段可知，作者论述了保护自己不受人工智能影响的第一步是要意识到目前的事实。由此可推知，作者接下来可能会继续就如何进行自我保护给我们提出更多的建议。 自主解答：C 类型2　书评 【典例呈现】 　　（2025·广东深圳模拟）“For a species dependent on plants for food，we give plants curiously little respect，” said biologist David George Haskell in Scientific American.But as Zoe Schlanger’s “breathtaking” book The Light Eaters makes clear，plants do more than just provide the oxygen-rich atmosphere and turn light and air into usable energy； their significance is more than that.Plants appear to sense touch，communicate，remember，and make decisions，and her survey of the current science “will transform how you see not only plants but nature of all life”. 　　“In places，Schlanger’s assumptions are likely to displease researchers，” said Dr Beronda L.Montgomery in Nature.Botanists （植物学家） are debating whether to credit intelligence to plants，but that doesn’t mean the field is in chaos.Schlanger sometimes rushes to generalize from a single researcher’s work， but The Light Eaters “overflows with her enthusiasm”，and as Schlanger visits researchers and shares their discoveries，she provides “ a rare and welcome insight into the humanity and devotion of botanists”.Among her discoveries，some tomato plants release a distasteful chemical when caterpillars （毛毛虫） feed on them.Similarly，corn plants use caterpillar saliva （唾液） to attract bees that hunt caterpillars. 　　Laura Miller，in her Slate review，appreciates Schlanger’s The Light Eaters for showing the plant kingdom’s wonders.But she finds the book’s focus on proving plant intelligence to be a minor imperfection.Schlanger seems to believe that humans need reasons to identify with plants to respect them，an opinion Miller challenges.She assumes that it’s the great differences between plants and humans，like the calming strangeness of nature，that we find appealing，Miller puts forward that plants might be driven by force beyond our comprehension，making them exciting to study not for their intelligence，but for their secrets. 1.What makes Schlanger’s work so amazing？ A.Its clear explanation. B.Its revolutionary view. C.Its widespread survey. D.Its scientific foundation. 2.What is Beronda’s attitude towards The Light Eaters？ A.Favorable.　　　　 B.Dismissive. C.Doubtful. D.Unclear. 3.What does Miller suggest we do？ A.Embrace plant diversity. B.Appreciate plant mystery. C.Label plants as intelligent. D.Build reactions with plants. 4.What is the purpose of the text？ A.To praise a botanist. B.To remember a writer. C.To recommend a book. D.To introduce a phenomenon. 篇章结构　根据书评类文章结构模型可将文章结构梳理如下： 考场思维 T1.定：题干关键词：makes Schlanger’s work so amazing； 设问方向：对图书基本情况的设问； 题目类型：细节理解题。 找： 关键信息句：第一段中的But as Zoe Schlanger’s “breathtaking” book ...not only plants but nature of all life. 比对：根据第一段的关键信息句可知，书中展示了植物不仅仅是提供氧气和能量的存在，它们似乎具有感知、交流、记忆和决策的能力。这种观点挑战了我们对植物的传统认知，改变了我们看待植物及其在生命中所扮演的角色的方式，这与革命性观点的概念相符。书中提出的许多革命性的观点，让Schlanger的作品如此令人惊叹。 自主解答：B T2.定：题干关键词：Beronda’s attitude towards The Light Eaters； 设问方向：对图书内容的设问； 题目类型：观点态度题。 找：关键信息句：第二段中的Schlanger sometimes rushes to generalize ...devotion of botanists. 比对：根据第二段关键信息句可知，Beronda认为，虽然 Schlanger有时急于从单个研究人员的工作中得出结论，但The Light Eaters“充满了她的热情”，当Schlanger拜访研究人员并分享他们的发现时，她提供了“对植物学家的人性和奉献精神的罕见而受欢迎的见解”。由此可推断，Beronda对这本书的态度总体上是积极的。 自主解答：A T3.定：题干关键词：suggest we do； 设问方向：对图书评价的设问； 题目类型：细节理解题。 找：关键信息句：第三段中的She assumes ...but for their secrets. 比对：根据第三段关键信息句可知，Laura Miller 认为，植物和人类之间的巨大差异吸引着我们。她认为植物可能是由超出我们理解范围的力量驱动的，这种神秘吸引着人们研究它们，而不是仅仅因为它们的智慧。因此她建议我们欣赏植物的神秘性。 自主解答：B T4.定：题干关键词：the purpose of the text； 设问方向：对写作目的设问； 题目类型：推理判断题。 比对：通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了The Light Eaters这本书，引用了不同评论者的观点和看法来推荐这本书。 自主解答：C 考查点三　社会发展类 类型1　社会发展新现象 【典例呈现】 　　（2025·福建福州三中模拟）Uninvited opinions about someone’s marriage，their constant failures or whatever just happened in the bathroom are all clues you’ve got an Oversharer on your hands.Whether they’re telling too much or asking for details you’re not comfortable sharing，this all-too-common persona has no boundaries. 　　“The discomfort you feel comes from a difference of standards about what topics of conversation are OK，” says Wisner.“What they consider to be acceptable，need-to-know information is different from what it is for you.” 　　At the same awkward time，the Oversharer is only trying to get closer to you by revealing more about themselves — and hoping you’ll do the same.“We tend to label these people as overly curious，invasive （侵入的） or rude，” notes Gerber， “but they really just want to be liked and accepted.” 　　To satisfy the Oversharer，and meanwhile reject too much information，consider sharing something else — still personal but less invasive — that satisfies their urge to connect.When they really cross the line，don’t be shy.Say something that indicates your boundary is being crossed.But you don’t have to declare them to be rude or insist that they change their ways immediately.“OMG， that’s private！” says everything， and you’ll never have to bring it up again. 　　“A compliment （称赞） also works wonders with an Oversharer，” adds Gerber， “because it refocuses the conversation in their direction while subtly resetting your boundary.” 　　To my nosy friend who asks me when I plan to have a baby，for example，I will give this wise response next time： “You made having kids look so easy！ How’d you do it？” Then nod and smile，nod and smile.Maybe I won’t have another baby in this life，but at least I’ll be ready to face an Oversharer — or any of the challenging people it takes to make a world. 1.What is the function of the first paragraph？ A.Shaping the image of an Oversharer. B.Stressing the importance of boundaries. C.Identifying the clues of an unpleasant talk. D.Presenting different opinions about sharing. 2.Why are Oversharers so interested in talking about private issues？ A.They want sympathy from others. B.They see it as a way to break the ice. C.They are curious about others’ sufferings. D.They long for closer connections with others. 3.What is suggested if Oversharers cross your line？ A.Ignoring their comments. B.Demanding an apology. C.Declaring your boundaries. D.Criticizing their rudeness. 4.What is the purpose of the author’s response in the last paragraph？ A.To check her friend’s boundary. B.To show admiration for her friend. C.To learn from her friend’s experience. D.To shift the topic to her friend’s direction. 篇章结构　根据现象类文章结构模型可将文章结构梳理如下： 考场思维 T1.定：题干关键词：the function of the first paragraph； 设问方向：对“过度分享者”本身设问； 题目类型：写作意图题。 找：关键信息句：第一段中的Uninvited opinions about someone’s marriage，their constant failures or whatever just happened in the bathroom are all clues you’ve got an Oversharer on your hands. 比对：根据第一段中的关键信息句可知，作者列举了生活中常见的过度分享的例子，如对他人的婚姻、不断失败的经历或私人生活发表不请自来的看法，这些都是身边存在“过度分享者”的线索。作者描述“过度分享者”的行为表现，其目的是让读者对“过度分享者”有直观的认识和了解。 自主解答：A 易错点拨：部分学生看到第一段中的Whether they’re telling too much or asking for details you’re not comfortable sharing，this all-too-common persona has no boundaries.会认为作者在强调边界的重要性，从而误选B。第一段主要是在描述“过度分享者”的行为表现，边界的重要性是在后续内容涉及应对“过度分享者”越界情况时才凸显的，所以B项不符合第一段的功能。 T2.定：题干关键词：so interested in talking about private issues； 设问方向：对过度分享动机设问； 题目类型：细节理解题。 找：关键信息句：第三段中的the Oversharer is only trying to get closer to you by revealing more about themselves — and hoping you’ll do the same和they really just want to be liked and accepted 比对：根据第三段中的关键信息句可知，“过度分享者”通过透露更多关于自己的事情试图与你拉近距离，并希望你也能这样做，他们只是想被他人喜欢和接受。因此，“过度分享者”热衷于谈论私人问题的原因是他们渴望与他人建立更紧密的联系。 自主解答：D T3.定：题干关键词：cross your line； 设问方向：对应对“过度分享者”越界设问； 题目类型：细节理解题。 找： 关键信息句：第四段中的When they really cross the line，don’t be shy.Say something that indicates your boundary is being crossed. 比对：根据第四段中的关键信息句可知，当“过度分享者”越界时，你可以明确地表明你的界限被侵犯了。 自主解答：C T4.定：题干关键词：the purpose of the author’s response； 设问方向：对应对“过度分享者”设问； 题目类型：写作意图题。 找：关键信息句：①倒数第二段内容“A compliment （称赞） also works wonders with an Oversharer，” adds Gerber，“because it refocuses the conversation in their direction while subtly resetting your boundary.” ②最后一段中的Then nod and smile，nod and smile. 比对：最后一段是对倒数第二段提出的建议的具体实施，根据倒数第二段内容及最后一段中“不断点头微笑”的做法可知，作者这样做是把话题转向朋友那边，既夸赞了朋友又巧妙地重置了自己的边界，妥善化解了与爱打听的朋友（过度分享者）之间的尴尬局面。 自主解答：D 类型2　社会发展与变迁 【典例呈现】 　　（2025·河南郑州中学模拟）What once seemed far away is now a reality： Ordinary people can walk in space.On 12 September， the SpaceX Polaris Dawn crew made history by performing the world’s first commercial spacewalk. 　　First announced in 2022，Polaris Dawn is the first of three missions designed to test and develop new space technologies.US Billionaire Jared Isaacman is the founder of the Polaris Program and has funded the missions through his collaboration with SpaceX. 　　On 10 September， the crew of four astronauts，including Isaacman，was launched into space.After two days of preparations，Isaacman first stepped out of the spacecraft.“Back at home we all have a lot of work to do，but from here — it looks like a perfect world，” he said as he stepped out into space.Another crew member，Sarah Gillis，also took part in the spacewalk，with the actual time spent outside being around 10 minutes per astronaut， reported CNN. 　　Aside from this amazing achievement，the Polaris Dawn crew also tested their new SpaceX — designed spacewalk suits.The suit works like a mini-spacecraft that fits the human body.One of the engineers described it as “a suit of armor （盔甲） made of fabric”. 　　Unlike the heavy white suits used by NASA astronauts，SpaceX’s suits don’t have a backpack life support system.Instead，they get air and power from tubes connected to the spacecraft.SpaceX plans to use these suits for many future missions， both around Earth and in deep space. 　　Polaris Dawn also conducted nearly 40 scientific experiments.These experiments included testing wearable devices that collect body data，trying to reduce space motion sickness，and studying eye health in microgravity （微重力）.Polaris Dawn also traveled through parts of the Earth’s radiation belt，providing the chance to better understand how this radiation affects the human body. 　　After the four-day mission，on 15 September， the Polaris Dawn crew landed safely in Florida，US. 　　NASA described the mission as “a giant leap forward” for the commercial space industry.It also brings SpaceX closer to its goal of commercializing space travel and reducing costs，which could enable people to live and work in space in the future. 1.What was a major achievement of the Polaris Dawn crew？ A.They completed the longest spacewalk. B.They conducted the first commercial spacewalk. C.They stayed outside the spacecraft for over one hour. D.They became the first astronauts in deep space. 2.How do SpaceX’s spacewalk suits differ from NASA’s suits？ A.They are larger but lighter in design. B.They have a built-in life support system. C.They are made from advanced materials. D.They rely on the spacecraft for resources. 3.What research did the Polaris Dawn crew do？ A.Testing radiation protection systems. B.Evaluating the effects of space on hearing. C.Studying body health and motion in space. D.Collecting data on the Earth’s surface changes. 4.What broader goal does SpaceX aim to achieve through missions like Polaris Dawn？ A.To discover new planets for exploration. B.To promote international cooperation in space. C.To make space travel more accessible to the public. D.To develop technology for sustainable space living. 篇章结构　根据社会发展与变迁类文章结构模型可将文章结构梳理如下： 考场思维 T1.定：题干关键词：a major achievement； 设问方向：对Polaris Dawn团队的主要成就进行提问； 题目类型：细节理解题。 找：关键信息句：第一段中的On 12 September， the SpaceX Polaris Dawn crew made history by performing the world’s first commercial spacewalk. 比对：根据第一段中的关键信息句可知，Polaris Dawn机组人员的主要成就是他们进行了人类历史上首次商业太空行走。 自主解答：B T2.定：题干关键词：SpaceX’s spacewalk suits differ from NASA’s suits； 设问方向：对SpaceX的舱外航天服进行提问； 题目类型：细节理解题。 找：关键信息句：根据第五段中的Unlike the heavy white suits used by NASA astronauts，SpaceX’s suits don’t have a backpack life support system.Instead，they get air and power from tubes connected to the spacecraft. 比对：根据第五段中的关键信息句可知，SpaceX的航天服与 NASA的航天服的不同之处在于它们依靠宇宙飞船提供资源。 自主解答：D T3.定：题干关键词：research； 设问方向：对Polaris Dawn团队进行的实验研究进行提问； 题目类型：细节理解题。 找：关键信息句：倒数第三段内容。 比对：根据倒数第三段可知，Polaris Dawn的工作人员进行了近40项科学实验、研究了可穿戴设备、太空晕动症、微重力下的眼部健康，以及地球辐射带对人体的影响。由此可知，其研究的是太空中的身体健康和运动。 自主解答：C T4.定：题干关键词：broader goal； 设问方向：对 SpaceX的目标进行提问； 题目类型：推理判断题。 找：关键信息句：最后一段中的It also brings SpaceX closer to its goal of commercializing space travel and reducing costs，which could enable people to live and work in space in the future. 比对：根据最后一段中的关键信息句可知，SpaceX通过 Polaris Dawn 这样的任务要实现的更大的目标是让公众更容易进入太空旅行。 自主解答：C 易错点拨： 部分学生看到space living可能会误选D，但原文更加强调的是把太空旅行商业化，让大众也能实现太空旅行。 A 　　（2025·山东滨州二模）Even if you don’t worry that artificial intelligence （AI） will destroy the human race，you might concern that its fearsome appetite for electricity will destroy the environment.But the fear of disaster is unnecessary.In absolute terms，AI may be less energy-hungry than many people assume.Better still，AI can help decarbonise the industries that have proved hardest to clean up. 　　Consider AI’s appetite for energy first.The International Energy Agency（IEA）reckons that electricity consumption by data centres could as much as triple in the next five years.Even if energy usage soars，though，the base is still low.Data centres today account for about 1.5％ of the world’s electricity consumption — and the vast majority of that is due to streaming，social media and online shopping，not AI.Moreover，some of AI’s electricity use will help with greening the economy.AI excels at identifying complex patterns，dealing with giant data sets and perfecting systems，all of which can help reduce emissions.AI is already helping improve the efficiency of electrical grids （电网）， cut fuel use in shipping and spot otherwise invisible leaks of methane， a potent greenhouse gas. 　　The task for policymakers and industry bosses is to maximize such benefits while minimizing the climate impacts.The first is to rethink how data centers operate.The IEA notes that being able to shift workloads between different data centers at different times could reduce strain and help balance energy grids.More flexible data centers would also be a better match for the intermittent power produced by renewables such as wind and solar. 　　Second，tech firms should hold themselves to their own environmental promises.Microsoft，for instance，aims to become “carbon negative” by 2030.A better approach would be for the tech firms to use the influence that their large demand for energy gives them to accelerate the decarbonisation of grids.They could help unblock the deployment （部署） of clean energy more widely by pushing for planning reform，and go further in supporting the development and expansion of alternative sources such as geothermal and nuclear power.Doubling down on such approaches would help transform AI from climate suspect to climate hero. 1.What can we learn about AI from the first paragraph？（　　） A.It accelerates the end of human race. B.It consumes less energy than expected. C.It slows the process of decarbonisation. D.It causes great harm to our environment. 2.How can AI contribute to reducing emissions？（　　） A.By increasing the use of fossil fuels. B.By reducing the need for data centers. C.By replacing traditional industries entirely. D.By processing massive data and enhancing systems. 3.What suggestion does the author give to tech companies？（　　） A.Expand data centers. B.Promote cleaner energy. C.Do further research. D.Raise funds for the grids. 4.What’s the main idea of the passage？（　　） A.AI’s use brings numerous economic benefits. B.AI’s energy consumption raises great concern. C.AI can play a role in addressing climate problems. D.The rapid development of AI causes energy crisis. B 　　（2025·河南洛阳模拟）There’s an enormous amount of personal health information people now feed or tap into digital monitors，health apps，search engines and other online tools.If the same information were provided in your doctor’s office，your privacy would be safeguarded.But that’s not how the digitized health world works. 　　Instead，we have an ecosystem of abuse in which health technology companies operate largely outside the law that requires doctors and other medical personnel，hospitals and insurers to protect an individual’s health information. 　　That means technology companies can — and do — dig your digital data for clues about your health status，accessing information like prescriptions you have purchased and other health services you might have sought，and potentially link this information to your name，address，email address and other personally identifying information.The data can then be used by platforms including Facebook and Google to help advertisers target promotions or other communications to you. 　　It’s a gaping hole in health privacy protections that comes from the privacy law，which protects interactions between patients，medical professionals and insurers but does not，in most cases，protect patient health data that is recorded on new technologies. 　　Closing the patient privacy gap can — and should — be a priority for lawmakers.The consequences of digital exposure for those seeking reproductive services have drawn significant concern and attention.These worries are reasonable.But reproductive care is only one area of health services where private patient information is digitally disclosed. 　　Therefore，lawmakers must take action to protect the privacy of people who are now online for all manners of personal，professional and other reasons.Until then，a narrowly targeted approach that protects health privacy may be politically easier to come into effect.The explosion of digital health technology and the dramatic increase in its use in the past few years require it greatly. 5.What can we learn about the present situation of the digitized health world？（　　） A.Personal health data is used for other purposes. B.Personal health information is difficult to identify. C.Targeted promotions are used to improve people’s health. D.Medical personnel protect the personal health information well. 6.What’s the author’s attitude towards the present privacy law？（　　） A.Approving. B.Critical. C.Cautious. D.Ambiguous. 7.What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 6 refer to？（　　） A.The spread of health service. B.People’s privacy. C.A narrowly targeted approach. D.The explosion of digital technology. 8.What is the purpose of the text？（　　） A.To advocate improvement in the privacy law. B.To report cases of illegal information exposure. C.To explain how the digitized health world works. D.To introduce a debate on the effect of technology. 单词 聚焦 A appetite n.需求；消耗　　　　reckon vt.估计；认为　　　　majority n.大多数 identify vt.识别accelerate vt.加速suspect n.嫌疑犯 B privacy n.隐私，私密dramatic adj.显著的；急剧的 熟词 生义 A hold （常用义） vt.持有，握有　　　　　　（文章义） vt.遵守，承诺 词块 积累 A in absolute terms 从绝对意义上讲　　　　account for 占（比例）；解释 excel at 擅长；精通double down on 加倍努力；强化 难句 解码 B Instead，we have an ecosystem of abuse in which health technology companies operate largely 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　定语从句 outside the law that requires doctors and other medical personnel， hospitals and insurers to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　定语从句 protect an individual’s health information. 相反，我们有一个滥用的生态系统，在这个生态系统中，医疗技术公司在很大程度上违反了要求医生和其他医务人员、医院和保险公司保护个人健康信息的法律。 22 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第五讲　直击阅读理解C、D篇痛点 【即时演练】 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人工智能对能源消耗和环境的影响，并提出了通过政策制定者和行业领袖的努力，将AI从潜在的气候问题转变为气候解决方案的观点。 1.B　推理判断题。根据第一段内容可推知，对人工智能破坏环境的担忧是不必要的，从绝对意义上讲，人工智能对能源的需求可能比许多人认为的要少，即它消耗的能源比预期的少。 2.D　细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句可知，人工智能可以通过处理大量数据和完善系统来助力减排。 3.B　细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句可推知，人工智能可以通过减少对数据中心的需求来减少排放。科技公司可以通过推动规划改革助力更广泛地部署清洁能源，进一步支持地热能和核能等替代能源的开发和推广，即推广清洁能源。 4.C　主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章开头指出对人工智能破坏环境的担忧没必要，接着阐述了人工智能能源消耗基数低，且能帮助电网提高效率、减少航运燃料使用等，最后提到科技公司利用人工智能加速电网脱碳等，说明人工智能在解决气候问题上能发挥作用。因此，文章的主要观点是人工智能可以在解决气候问题方面发挥作用。 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕数字化健康世界中个人隐私保护的问题展开论述，分析了当前健康技术公司在处理个人健康信息时存在的法律漏洞和滥用现象，并强调了立法者需要采取行动来保护个人隐私的重要性。 5.A　细节理解题。根据第二、三段内容可推知，现在我们的个人健康信息没有得到应有的保护，反而这些数据被包括Facebook和谷歌在内的平台使用，以帮助广告商向你定向促销或其他通信。 6.B　推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可推知，作者认为现行的隐私法存在巨大漏洞。由此推知，作者对现行隐私法是批评的。 7.C　代词指代题。根据画线单词上一句以及画线单词所在句可推测，it指的是上文提到的targeted approach。 8.A　写作意图题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要讨论了数字化健康世界中个人隐私保护的问题，特别指出了当前隐私法存在的漏洞以及健康技术公司如何滥用个人健康信息。作者强调了这一问题的严重性，并呼吁立法者采取行动来弥补这一漏洞，保护个人隐私。由此推知，文章的目的是倡导改进隐私法，以确保个人健康信息得到妥善保护。 22 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $