第5讲 第1节 四招破解C、D篇的痛点和难点-【领跑高中】2026年高考英语二轮专题复习学生用书Word（提升版）

第一节　四招破解C、D篇的痛点和难点 第一招：提升词汇储备 　　背好新课程标准规定的3，000词，并在此基础上适度掌握衍生词，这是阅读理解得高分的基本保障！另外高考阅读C、D篇通常是说明文或议论文，会出现大量的学术词汇。这些词汇专业性强，又很抽象，考前别忘了熟悉这类词汇，以便为阅读理解扫清词汇障碍。请看2025年全国卷C、D篇部分专业词汇。 C篇 opposite n.对立的人（或物）；对立面　sustain v.维持　　be in fashion 流行 beat oneself up 过分自责 pedestrian mobility 行人流动性 destruction n.拆除，破坏，毁坏 expressway n.高速公路 rush through 匆匆而过 invest vt.投资 decline vi.减少 decent adj.像样的；合宜的 productivity n.生产率；生产力 D篇 microplastics n.微塑料　　　　　 algorithm n.算法　　　　　　　settle vi.降落，落下 carbon footprint 碳足迹 crucially adv.关键是；重要的是 generate vt.产生 globalization n.全球化 intake vt.吸入；摄入 enthusiastic adj.热情的 raise concerns 引发担忧 address n.地址 vt.设法解决处理 sustainability n.持续性 第二招：突破长难语句 　　近几年高考题的C、D篇中出现了很多长难句。如2024年新课标Ⅰ卷C篇340词，长难句多达11句，只有5句不是长难句！2024年新课标Ⅰ卷D篇360词，长难句多达13句，只有 2句是简单句！那么如何巧解阅读理解长难句的复杂结构呢？ 技法一　添加前置修饰语，使名词（短语）复杂化 　　在一些高考英语的长难句中，名词（短语）前可以添加名词、形容词、分词、冠词、代词等前置修饰语，而前置修饰语又可添加自己的前置修饰语，这就进一步增加了句子的难度。 【高考原句】　（2023·全国甲卷阅读D）By the early 1970s，after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers，600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. 结构分析：此句中名词hunting前添加了cruel and continuous 作修饰语，名词grizzlies前添加了600 to 800作修饰语，名词range 前添加了a mere 2 percent of their former作修饰语。 精准翻译：到20世纪70年代初，经过殖民者几个世纪残酷而持续的狩猎，北落基山脉的600到800只灰熊生存在只剩下它们原来活动范围的2％区域里。 技法二　添加后置修饰语，使名词（短语）复杂化 　　在高考英语的复杂结构中，经常在名词（短语）后加上介词短语、定语从句、非谓语动词等后置修饰语，让其所修饰的名词（短语）更加复杂化。 【高考原句】　（2025·全国一卷阅读C）In their new book Movement： How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives， they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. 结构分析：句首In their new book ...是介词短语作状语，其中Movement： How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives是书名及其同位语，解释书名内容。主句宾语为a rethink of our streets and the role，其中the role后接定语从句they play in our lives （省略关系代词that或which），作后置修饰语。 精准翻译：在他们的新书《运动：如何夺回我们的街道并改变我们的生活》中，他们呼吁重新思考街道的意义以及街道在我们生活中所扮演的角色。 技法三　应用间隔性修饰语，使句子结构复杂化 　　当一个名词（短语）后有很长的后置修饰语时，其他名词或动词就会把中心名词和相应的动词分隔开，学生很难辨别哪个动词应该跟随哪个名词。 【高考原句】　（2023·全国甲卷阅读D）Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see， and their answer is often the same： a grizzly bear. 结构分析：此句中的名词the tourists后有两个后置修饰语from around the world 和that flood into Yellowstone National Park，此处that引导定语从句修饰先行词the tourists，定语从句与先行词被 from around the world分隔开。 精准翻译：问那些从世界各地涌入黄石国家公园的游客，他们最希望看到什么，他们的答案往往是一样的：灰熊。 技法四　并列结构作主语，使句子更加复杂化 　　众所周知，单个的名词（短语）作主语比较容易理解，而并列结构作主语会使主语更加复杂，这就增加了整个句子的复杂性。 【高考原句】　（2023·全国乙卷阅读D）The Caribbean Taino，the Australian Aboriginals，the African people of Benin and the Incas，all of whom appear in this book，can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made：a history told through things gives them back a voice. 结构分析：此句的主语是由并列连词and连接的并列结构，即The Caribbean Taino，the Australian Aboriginals， the African people of Benin and the Incas。 精准翻译：加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，所有这些人都出现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品最有力地向我们讲述他们过去的成就：通过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个声音。 技法五　主语为动词-ing短语或主语从句 　　有些复杂结构的主语不再是单个的名词或代词，而是动词-ing短语或主语从句，这更增加了句子的难度。 【高考原句】　（2023·1月浙江卷阅读C） What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning，and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. 结构分析：第一个分句的主语是What Hammond is referring to，是what引导的主语从句。 精准翻译：哈蒙德所指的是意义的问题，而意义是区分最不聪明的人类和最聪明的机器的核心。 技法六　复合句多，造成句式复杂，增加理解困难 　　许多句子中同时出现定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句等，需要学生有较强的句式分析能力。 【高考原句】　（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读D）On March 7，1907，the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. 结构分析：本句中which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect为定语从句，在定语从句中又包含了一个宾语从句what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect。 精准翻译：1907年3月7日，英国统计学家弗朗西斯·高尔顿发表了一篇论文，阐述了后来被称为“群体智慧”的效应。 第三招：掌握同义替换 　　众所周知，同义替换是高考英语阅读理解正确选项的最强特征，同义转换是学生答对每一道阅读理解题的制胜法宝。 1.not so serious→lightly 【典例】　（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读C节选）According to this theory， people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media， which are often not so serious， and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. 29.What does the shallowing hypothesis assume？ A.Readers treat digital texts lightly. B.Digital texts are simpler to understand. C.People select digital texts randomly. D.Digital texts are suitable for social media. 2.accessible→down-to-earth 【典例】　（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读D节选） She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic， making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which， by the close， will make you feel almost as smart as AI. 33.What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text？ A.It is packed with complex codes. B.It adopts a down-to-earth writing style. C.It provides step-by-step instructions. D.It is intended for AI professionals. 第四招：巧用四步通法——一首二画三定四选 　　阅读理解传统的做题方法是先文后题，这样做有个缺点，就是文章看完再看题时部分文章意思又忘记了，有的地方又要重读一遍。 　　另一种传统做法是先题后文，这样做也有个缺点，学生看完文后4个题干和16个选项，头脑中根本记不住这些问题和选项，读完文章后还得重看题干和选项。 　　现在，针对阅读理解C、D篇，我们可以尝试全新的四步法（一首二画三定四选）来提升阅读效率。 　　第一步：先读一下文章首段，了解文章的主旨。这样做的好处是避免了“只见树木不见森林”的弊端。另外，主旨大意题的命题点往往在文章第一段。 　　第二步：画关键词：只看题干，然后将题干中的关键词画出来。 　　第三步：定位原文信息：根据题干关键词在文中快速定位信息。根据“题文同序”规律，文后四题是按照文章先后顺序出题的。先画一题题干关键词，然后在原文定位信息，而不是将四题全看完！即看一题做一题，因为阅读理解C、D篇目前都是说明文或议论文，这个方法非常适用。 　　第四步：选择正确答案：根据所画原文信息，比对干扰项，通过分析、概括得出正确答案。 【典例】　（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读D）Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives， we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future， and this is where AI by Design： A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in.This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution （变革）. 　　In the wrong hands， such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code （代码） that powers AI but， thankfully， Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic， making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which， by the close， will make you feel almost as smart as AI. 　　As we soon come to learn from AI by Design， AI is already super-smart and will become more capable， moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence.From there， Campbell says， will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence.This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now — several decades before these developments are expected to take place.She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence， or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. 　　Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI — the technology companies and world leaders — so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it.She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity.We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out.Such structured thinking， followed by global regulation， will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. 　　AI will affect us all， and if you only read one book on the subject， this is it. 32.What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean？ A.If read by someone poorly educated. B.If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. C.If written by someone less competent. D.If translated by someone unacademic. 33.What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text？ A.It is packed with complex codes. B.It adopts a down-to-earth writing style. C.It provides step-by-step instructions. D.It is intended for AI professionals. 34.What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development？ A.Observe existing regulations on it. B.Reconsider expert opinions about it. C.Make joint efforts to keep it under control. D.Learn from prior experience to slow it down. 35.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text？ A.To recommend a book on AI. B.To give a brief account of AI history. C.To clarify the definition of AI. D.To honor an outstanding AI expert. 一首：通过略读第一段可知，考虑到人工智能改变我们生活的惊人潜力，我们都需要采取行动来应对人工智能驱动的未来。而这正是Catriona Campbell所写的这本书《人工智能设计：与人工智能共生的计划》的意义所在，其旨在应对即将到来的人工智能革命带来的挑战。 题号 二画 三定 四选 32 画出题干关键词“In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 将信息定位在第二段中的In the wrong hands，such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code（代码） that powers AI but，thankfully，Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. 选C　画线短语后意思是“这本书可能会像计算机代码一样复杂难懂，但幸运的是，Campbell拥有二十多年的专业经验，能将枯燥难懂的内容变得很通俗易懂”。but一词后讲的是Campbell是有二十多年专业经验的人，那么反过来讲前面的人应该是没有专业经验的，C项是此处的同义表达。A、B、D三项都是偷换概念 33 画出题干关键词a feature of AI by Design 将信息定位在第二段中的She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic，making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which，by the close，will make you feel almost as smart as AI. 选B　根据第二段中的Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience ...a guide which is highly accessible and informative可知，Campbell有二十多年的职业经验，把令人头大的内容变得深入浅出、平和易懂。她从一个商人的实际角度而不是从一位学者的角度进行写作，将该书写成了一本既浅显易懂，又信息充实的指导书。由此可见，这本书的写作风格非常务实 34 画出题干关键词urge people to do 将信息定位在第三段最后一句She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence，or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.和第四段第一句Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI — the technology companies and world leaders — so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. 选C　根据第三段最后一句可知，Campbell建议必须保持对人工智能的控制。C项中的keep it under control同义替换文中的keep control of artificial intelligence； make joint efforts概括了第四段第一句。A、B、D三项都是无中生有，文中没有提及 35 画出题干关键词the author’s purpose in writing the text 将信息定位在第一段和最后一段 选A　通过第一步“一首”可知，第一段介绍了新书《人工智能设计：与人工智能共生的计划》。最后一段提到“人工智能将影响我们所有人，如果你只想读一本关于人工智能的书，那就读这本吧”，因此，作者写本文目的是推荐一本关于人工智能的书。B、C、D三项均是无中生有 5 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $