第五讲 第一节 了解干扰项的七大设题套路-【领跑高中】2026年高考英语二轮专题复习教师用书配套课件（提升版）

第五讲　了解干扰项的七大设题套路，规避解题三个易错点 　　阅读七选五是测试考生对文章整体结构、段落逻辑以及句际关系 的全面理解和把握的一种题型。该题型一旦一个选项选择错误，可能 会导致后续的选项选择也出错，形成“一错到底”的情况。 　　七选五选项的设置可分为主旨句（段落整体内容）、过渡句（文 章结构）和细节句（上下文逻辑）三类。干扰项往往也从这三个方面 设置，如主旨句过于宽泛、以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡句不能反映文 章的行文结构，细节句与上下文脱节等，这就提出了更高的要求。 第一节　了解干扰项的七大设题套路 套路一　偷换概念 　　偷换概念是指将一些似乎一样的概念进行转换，如果不细心就容 易出现错误。 高考专题辅导与测试·英语·提升版 【真题例析1】 　　（2024·1月浙江卷节选）40. 　　 A social connection is often a big part of learning.There are things you can do to ease this problem.Jessica Pink， an undergraduate student， suggests taking online courses with a friend， so you can motivate each other to stay on track.You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group， or schedule in-person meetings with your professor to discuss course concepts. 高考专题辅导与测试·英语·提升版 A. But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines. B. Your motivation should be your main concern. C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education？ D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online. E. The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human interaction. F. If you take an online course， what can you do to ensure the best possible grade？ G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses. 高考专题辅导与测试·英语·提升版 考场思维：空处为段落主旨句。该段是在探讨在线学习存在的一个问 题，并且也提到了可以和朋友一起上在线课程来缓解这一问题。E项 （对在线课程的主要抱怨是它们缺乏人际互动）可概括本段，且E项 中的human interaction呼应空后句中的social connection， complaint则 呼应本段第三句中的problem。此题易误选B项，其中的concern偷换概 念为problem。 自主解答：E 高考专题辅导与测试·英语·提升版 【真题例析2】 　　（2024·1月浙江卷节选）In the past few years， online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience.36.A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses. But are all online courses created equal？ How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you？ 37. 　　 A. But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines. B. Your motivation should be your main concern. C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education？ 　　 高考专题辅导与测试·英语·提升版 D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online. E. The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human interaction. F. If you take an online course， what can you do to ensure the best possible grade？ G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses. 高考专题辅导与测试·英语·提升版 考场思维：空前是两个问句，对在线课程提出疑问，空后提到通过采 访的形式来获取对在线课程的建议。由此判断，该空应该承接前面的 两个问句，并且句意上应该是递进的。F项是对前面两个问句的进一 步补充，符合语境。C项虽然有do part of your education与前句中的 right for you为同义复现，但不是递进关系，为干扰项。 自主解答：F 高考专题辅导与测试·英语·提升版 套路二　语义错位 　　（1）通过形近词、派生词、多义词等转述原文信息。如用 trouble me替换in trouble，用dangerous替换in danger，用trustworthy替 换trust等，此类转述造成语义错位。 　　（2）丢掉重要的修饰词或限定词，导致语义发生转变。 高考专题辅导与测试·英语·提升版 【真题例析】 　　 （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷节选）Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege （荣幸）.Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place.40. 　　 You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there. A. Visit during off-peak times. B. So， should we stop traveling？ C. Travel for you and no one else. D. Can overtourism be avoided then？ E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places. F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone， or close to it. G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting. 高考专题辅导与测试·英语·提升版 考场思维：根据空前一句可知，尽自己所能去保护旅游地；再结合空 后一句可推断，空处应提到如何Do your part。G项（考虑回馈你正在 游览的社区）符合语境。F项中的or close to it与原文中的how much closer为同义复现，但与本段主旨不符，语义错位，为干扰项。 自主解答：G 高考专题辅导与测试·英语·提升版 套路三　不当推理 　　基于原文信息，但在推理过程中出现错误、偏离、相悖等结论， 命题人将此设置为干扰项。 高考专题辅导与测试·英语·提升版 【真题例析】 　　 （2022·北京卷节选）Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life.Often due to various pressures， we tend to ignore our health.35. 　　 It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases. A. Fitness levels decide the quality of life. B. Health and fitness are interrelated to each other. C. It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind. D. For instance， we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily. E. If we keep our body fit， we can enjoy life in a better manner. F. There are some activities which everyone should do in our life. G. This makes our body suffer and we catch lifestyle and other diseases. 高考专题辅导与测试·英语·提升版 考场思维：前文说明健康能帮助人们过上健康的生活，后文说明 是健康水平帮助身体抵抗疾病，很容易误选A项。此处应关注设空 处前文Often due to various pressures， we tend to ignore our health.（由于各种压力，我们忽视健康），G项说明这样做的结 果是让我们的身体受苦，我们会养成（坏的）生活方式和感染其 他疾病，与上文关系更紧密。 自主解答：G 高考专题辅导与测试·英语·提升版 套路四　断章取义 　　不顾及全文，只截取文中的个别句子作为迷惑选项，命题人往往 以此干扰大家的做题。 高考专题辅导与测试·英语·提升版 【真题例析】 　　 （2023·全国乙卷节选）Indoor plants， also known as houseplants or pot plants， are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species （物种） are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK， especially in the winter.37. 　　. A. All plants are different B. Not only do they look beautiful C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors D. Instead， they grow better inside， where it is warmer E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding 高考专题辅导与测试·英语·提升版 考场思维：上文说在英国许多这样的物种不适宜在室外生长，特 别是在冬季，和D项（相反，它们在较温暖的室内生长得更好）构 成转折关系。此题易误选C项，C项虽然表述正确，但与上文逻辑 关系不密切。 自主解答：D 高考专题辅导与测试·英语·提升版 套路五　扩缩范围 　　以上位词取代下位词，或者用表示不同范围的词进行替换。如把 world over换位national，把civil换位international，把sense换位 hearing，把banana换位any fruit等。 高考专题辅导与测试·英语·提升版 【真题例析】 　　 （2021·新高考Ⅰ卷节选）Parisians are different from you and me.They never look lazy or untidy.As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago， they eat great food and never gain weight.38. 　　 French strawberries do not taste like cardboard.Instead， they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs. A. Not all the customers are tourists. B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent. C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed. 高考专题辅导与测试·英语·提升版 D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers. E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do. F. Our aim was to see if we could live， in some way， like real Parisians. G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy. 考场思维：空前一句讲了“他们吃得很好，却不发胖”，而空后一句 讲了“法国的草莓尝起来不像硬纸板，相反，它们会像小炸弹一样在 你的嘴里爆炸”，因此空处讲的应该是法国的食物带给人的感受。 自主解答：G 高考专题辅导与测试·英语·提升版 套路六　无中生有 　　此类选项是命题人在正确选项的基础上，结合常识和大众认知杜 撰出来的选项，貌似合理，实际上没有对应信息，或者与上下文逻辑 不符。 高考专题辅导与测试·英语·提升版 【真题例析】 　　（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷节选）So， how do you find a workout partner？ 　　First of all， decide what you want from that person.37. 　　 Or do you just want to be physically fit， able to move with strength and flexibility？ A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward. B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by. C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else. D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport？ E. How can you write a good “seeking a training partner” notice？ F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information. 高考专题辅导与测试·英语·提升版 考场思维：根据空后一句Or do you ...and flexibility？可知，空处也 应是一般疑问句，是对本段首句的进一步解释。由此可知，D项（你 想在你最喜欢的运动项目上成为一名更好的运动员吗？）符合语境。 自主解答：D 高考专题辅导与测试·英语·提升版 套路七　绝对化表达 　　干扰项中出现如all， none， everyone， everything， impossible等 绝对化的表达，一般不符合客观事实和原文信息。 高考专题辅导与测试·英语·提升版 【真题例析】 　　（2023·全国乙卷节选）Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones， and you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants.“40. 　　，” Spoelstra says. “It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.” A. All plants are different B. Not only do they look beautiful C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors 高考专题辅导与测试·英语·提升版 D. Instead， they grow better inside， where it is warmer E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding 考场思维：空后一句中的It指代该空内容，说明这样做可以给人们的 生活带来新的兴趣和焦点并帮助人们增强家与自然的联系。G项（了 解每种植物的需求会很有益处）符合语境。 自主解答：G 高考专题辅导与测试·英语·提升版 THANKS 演示完毕 感谢观看 $