主旨大意题（二）-【领跑高中】2026年高考英语二轮专题复习教师用书配套课件

主旨大意题（二） （建议用时25分钟） A 　　（2025·福建诊断性质量检测）Eight-year-old S. Hariraj is a Foldscope devotee.He’s used it to examine the milk from his family’s cows.Though the milk looks creamy， the Foldscope reveals a world of microorganisms.“It has to be boiled and cooled before we can drink it，” he realized. 　　This incredible device is no ordinary microscope.Made from waterproof， tear-resistant paper， it comes in a small bag with parts that can be attached in minutes.Magnets （磁铁） hold it together， and a 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 tiny lens （透镜） allows it to enlarge objects up to 140 times.Once built， it’s no larger than a bookmark， small enough to slip into a pocket.And the best part？ It costs just $2 to produce， and millions of children in low-income countries get them for free. 　　The idea for the Foldscope began with Manu Prakash， a professor at Stanford University， who grew up in India.As a sixth grader， he and his classmates failed to draw a microscope in a test — none of them had ever seen one.Microscopes were expensive， and not all schools could 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 afford a well-equipped lab.“The spirit of exploration was critical to the study of science，” says Prakash.“But in order to develop that spirit， you need the right tools.” Determined to change the situation， Prakash spent years experimenting， even borrowing lenses from his brother’s glasses.In 2014， he and his Ph.D. student finally developed the Foldscope， using paper-folding techniques to create an alternative to traditional microscopes. 　　Young Hariraj encountered the Foldscope at Eden School in southern India， where it has transformed science lessons.Children 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 eagerly rush outdoors， searching for ants， flowers， and leaves to examine.“I just love the look of amazement when kids look into the Foldscope，” says Indira Pandiarajan， the school principal.“When their eyes light up， I know that’s the moment they will accept science enthusiastically and learning for the rest of their lives.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Foldscope这种由纸 制成的、价格低廉且便于携带的显微镜及其在教育中的应用。 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Foldscope这种由纸 制成的、价格低廉且便于携带的显微镜及其在教育中的应用。 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 1. Why does the author mention Hariraj in paragraph 1？（　　） A. To introduce his hobby. B. To describe his family life. C. To explain milk’s components. D. To show Foldscope’s practical use. 解析：　推理判断题。根据第一段第二至三句可知，作者在第一段 提到Hariraj是为了展示Foldscope的实际用途。 √ 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 2. What is a feature of the Foldscope according to the text？（　　） A. It is user-friendly. B. It is magnetic-resistant. C. It is intended for book lovers. D. It provides step-by-step instructions. 解析：　细节理解题。根据第二段中的Made from waterproof ...to slip into a pocket.可知，Foldscope的一个特点是方便使用。 √ 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 3. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about？（　　） A. The importance of scientific tools. B. The challenge of studying science. C. The impact of technical cooperation. D. The creation of an affordable microscope. 解析：　段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，本段主要介绍了一款 可负担得起的显微镜的创造过程。 √ 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 4. Which statement would Indira Pandiarajan probably agree with？ （　　） A. Scientific spirit unites researchers in India. B. The Foldscope facilitates science learning. C. The Foldscope eases teaching workload. D. Scientific spirit fuels headmasters’ enthusiasm. 解析：　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可推知，Indira Pandiarajan可能会同意的观点是Foldscope能够促进科学学习。 √ 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 B 　　（2025·辽南协作体模拟）Kaiserstraße is a new residential building currently under construction in Blumenau， Brazil.The project aims to promote connections between residents and the natural world.The project’s name reflects the German historical influences of the city.In fact， the name comes from the street on which it is based， which was formerly known as Kaiserstraße， or “The Emperor’s Street”.The building’s design appreciates the city’s rich history while reflecting its path to innovation and modernity. 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 　　On the ground level， the building is entirely open.This allows for public access where people can interact.Visitors get to experience the building and get a feel for what the building is like to live in without entering the private spaces.They experience materiality of different surfaces， particularly the contrast of exposed concrete and natural plants.This gives the project a modern feel， while creating a connection to nature.Through the building’s form， the designers ensured that each level would receive plenty of sunshine and natural airflow. 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 　　Each apartment features balconies （阳台） with a private pool and gardens.This plant life enhances biodiversity in the neighborhood and the area overall.Additionally， these balcony gardens create a microclimate on every level that reduces the urban “heat island” effect.This effect occurs when buildings and roads replace greenery （绿化） and land cover in urban areas.The buildings tend to absorb and give off a lot of heat， which results in pockets of heat called “heat islands”.Besides its residential spaces， the building includes a gym， a toy library and a large private garden for residents， which features a playground and outdoor cooking space. 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 　　Because of its beautiful， environmentally-friendly design， Kaiserstraße has become internationally recognized and has become the first building in the city of Blumenau to win an Architizer Award.The project received the award in the residential category for apartment buildings with less than 10 floors. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴西凯撒大街住宅 楼的可持续设计。 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴西凯撒大街住宅 楼的可持续设计。 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 5. What can be learned about Kaiserstraße from paragraph 1？（　　） A. It is located in a commercial complex in Brazil. B. It is named after a famous modern Brazilian site. C. It focuses on minimizing interaction with nature. D. It reflects historic roots and modern advancements. 解析：　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，凯撒大街住宅楼 反映了历史根源和现代进步。 √ 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 6. What makes the building visitor-friendly？（　　） A. Restricted viewing. B. Limited natural light. C. Engaging experience. D. Tight security measures. 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，是引人入胜的体验让这座建筑对游客很友好。 √ 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 7. Why does the author mention “heat islands”？（　　） A. To highlight cooling effects of gardens. B. To boost biodiversity of the whole area. C. To stress the importance of working out. D. To emphasize the necessity of public areas. 解析：　推理判断题。根据第三段中的Additionally， these balcony gardens ...of heat called “heat islands”.可知，作者提到“热岛”是 为了强调花园的降温效果。 √ 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 8. What does the text mainly talk about？（　　） A. Kaiserstraße’s diverse residents. B. Kaiserstraße’s sustainable design. C. Kaiserstraße’s significant history. D. Kaiserstraße’s limited convenience. 解析：　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了巴西凯撒大街住宅楼的可持续设计。 √ 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 C 　　（2025·温州适应性考试）Surrounded by towering redwoods on one side and the Pacific Ocean on the other， the coastal city of Santa Cruz， some 70 miles south of San Francisco， is a great place for a young person to experience nature.That’s where Xinning Zhang， assistant professor of geosciences and the Princeton Environmental Institute， spent her childhood.“Growing up there， you just can’t help thinking and caring about the environment，” she said.One of the environmental questions Zhang is exploring is why methane， a significant greenhouse gas， is increasing in the atmosphere. 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 　　Most of us are aware that cows release methane， but wetlands are also a major source of the gas.Wetlands host a community of microbes （微生物）， including Archaea， which generate methane as a byproduct when they consume and digest components of organic matter.These microbes grow in oxygen-free environments like wet soils， which typically occur in the wetlands’ deeper levels.However， researchers have been surprised to find that quite a lot of methane comes from the oxygen-rich peat （泥炭） and soil near the surface. 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 　　To explore this phenomenon， Zhang and her team analyzed peat samples collected from a wetland in the Northeast US. One set of samples received oxygen treatment followed by incubation （培养） under oxygen-free conditions.The other samples remained in an oxygen-free environment for the entire study period.Contrary to expectations， the oxygen-treated peats produced a higher amount of methane than the peats maintained under continuously oxygen-free conditions. 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 　　To find out why， the researchers analyzed all the microbes found in the peat samples.They found that oxygen stimulated some microbes to break down harmful chemicals， which would otherwise threaten the entire microbial community， including methane-producing Archaea.The result is the creation of far more methane than expected. 　　Zhang’s work suggests that oxygen variability is an important control on wetland methane production.Her team is also exploring further how oxygen variability for different lengths of time， and how different soil chemistries influence microbial methane production. 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地球科学助理教授 张新宁（音译）对湿地甲烷产生原因的研究，包括氧气在甲烷产生 过程中的作用等。 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地球科学助理教授 张新宁（音译）对湿地甲烷产生原因的研究，包括氧气在甲烷产生 过程中的作用等。 9. What motivated Zhang to study environmental issues？（　　） A. Her childhood experiences. B. The adventure in nature. C. Her educational background. D. The pressure from fellows. √ 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 解析：　细节理解题。根据第一段第二至三句可知，张新宁童年在 圣克鲁兹这个地方成长，在那里的经历促使她思考和关心环境问题。 因此她的童年经历促使她研究环境问题。 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 10. Why did Zhang analyze microbes in the wetland soil？（　　） A. To examine the condition of surface soil. B. To explore the impact of methane on microbes. C. To study the role of oxygen in methane production. D. To calculate the amount of methane released by cows. 解析：　推理判断题。根据第三段以及第四段内容可推知，张分析 湿地土壤中的微生物是为了探究氧气在甲烷产生过程中所起的作用。 √ 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 11. How might the findings help reduce methane from wetlands？ （　　） A. By changing soil structures. B. By introducing new microbes. C. By blocking harmful chemicals. D. By adjusting soil oxygen levels. 解析：　细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，氧气的变化是控制 湿地甲烷产生的重要因素，所以可以通过调整土壤的氧气水平来减少 湿地甲烷的产生。 √ 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 12. Which of the following can be the best title for the text？（　　） A. How Does Methane Affect Climate Change？ B. What Drives Methane Production in Wetlands？ C. What Is the Link Between Oxygen and Methane？ D. How Do Wetlands Contribute to Microbial Diversity？ 解析：　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了张新宁对湿 地产生甲烷的研究，包括湿地中微生物产生甲烷的过程以及氧气在其 中的作用等，重点探究是什么驱动了湿地中甲烷的产生。 √ 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 THANKS 演示完毕 感谢观看 $