第四讲 词义猜测题——上下取证知其意-【领跑高中】2026年高考英语二轮专题复习教师用书Word

第四讲　词义猜测题——上下取证知其意 一、题型特点与设问方式 题型特点 设问方式 　　词句猜测类题目中需要猜测的单词、短语或句子往往与上下文有紧密的逻辑关系，文章中往往会提供和这些词句相关的定义解释、提示词或者句子结构等，学生做题时要善于寻找并捕捉这些隐性提示，并关联上下文意进行猜测。这类题型分为词义猜测题、代词指代题和句意猜测题。 该类题型常见的设题形式有： ①What does “...” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to/mean？ ②Which is closest in meaning to “...” in paragraph 1？ ③Which of the following best explains “...” underlined in paragraph 2？ ④Which of the following can replace the underlined word “...” in paragraph 2？ 二、词义猜测题——活用4大核心技法 技法（一）　根据逻辑关系猜测词义 　　语篇是按照一定的逻辑关系展开的，根据逻辑关系可以推断出生词词义。常见的逻辑关系主要有： 1.反义关系 反义关系是指文章在对两个事物或者现象进行转折或对比性的描述时，会使用与生词意思相反的描述，学生可根据描述内容来猜测词汇的意思。 【典例】　（2024·全国甲卷阅读B篇节选） 　　Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit， but cats take this behavior up a notch.Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners.This is a very old habit that’s been present in all kinds of predators （食肉动物）.Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you.These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it’s been in their nature since the beginning of time.So just go along with it！ 26.Which best explains the phrase “take ...up a notch” in paragraph 3？ A.Perform appropriately.　　 B.Move faster. C.Act strangely.　 D.Do better. 解题思路：根据转折连词but可知，画线短语所在句前后形成转折关系。画线短语所在句上半句强调狗以其令人印象深刻的取物习惯闻名；选段倒数第三句表明猫会用捡到的物品向主人表达爱意。结合语境和上下句之间的转折关系可推测，画线处表明猫的取物能力更强。 正确答案：　D　 2.同义关系 画线词或者短语所在句子的前后，有时会出现与之同义或是近义的词语，它通常暗示了画线词汇的含义，成为推测词义的线索。 【典例】　（2023·1月浙江卷阅读C篇节选） 　　Brilliant though it is， Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out， yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond， professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University， put it：“There’s never a stage at which the system knows what it’s talking about.” 29.What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to？ A.Arguments. B.Doubts.　C.Errors. D.Differences. 解题思路：根据画线词所在句的前一句可知，尽管“辩论者计划”非常出色，但它也有一些弱点，这可能导致人类不会犯的错误。下文提到这些　　　无疑会被解决，但它们也指出了一个根本问题。根据前面的Such可判断，wrinkles与上文中的errors为同义词。 正确答案：　C　 3.因果关系 若画线词所在句与另一个句子之间存在因果关系，学生可通过明晰因与果来推断画线词的意思。 【典例】　 （浙江卷阅读C篇节选） 　　“The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate， or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions，”she said.“Moreover， the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non-verbal communication.So， it seems the gulf remains.” 29.What does the underlined word “gulf” in the last paragraph mean？ A.Difference.　　　　　 B.Conflict. C.Balance.　 D.Connection. 解题思路：句中出现了So一词，表示因果关系，由此可知前面的内容是学生需重点阅读的部分。根据节选段内容可知，手势含义的模糊性表明，黑猩猩几乎没有什么可交流的，或者我们仍然错过了它们手势和动作中包含的许多信息，此外，这些含义似乎并没有超出其它动物通过非语言交流传达的信息。由此可推知，黑猩猩用手势交流的方式与我们用语言交流的方式是不同的。因此So之后有“看上去差异依然存在”之意，故gulf表示“差异，不同”。 正确答案：　A　 技法（二）　根据语法关系猜测词义 　　定语从句、同位语/同位语从句、下定义和标点符号等皆是文章中常见的一些语法结构或行文方式，这些都可以帮助我们猜测词义。 技法图解 典例精析 【典例】　 （浙江卷阅读B篇节选） 　　In the past few years， an increasing number of people and organizations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend.A couple of years ago， film-maker David Bond realized that his children， then aged five and three， were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say “chocolate” into his three-year-old son’s ear without getting a response.He realized that something needed to change， and， being a London media type， appointed himself “marketing director for Nature”.He documented his journey as he set about treating nature a brand to be marketed to young people.The result was Project Wild Thing， a film which charts the birth of the Wild Network， a group of organizations with the common goal of petting children out into nature. 26.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “charts” in paragraph 2？ A.records　 B.predicts 　　C.delays　 D.confirms 解题思路：画线词所在的句子是一个定语从句，所修饰的先行词a film又作Project Wild Thing的同位语，对其起到解释说明的作用。分析画线词前面的句子，再结合画线词后面的the birth of the Wild Network可知，他的纪录片记录了一个组织的诞生。charts应表示“记录”，与records意思一致。 正确答案：　A　 技法（三）　根据构词法猜测词义 　　构词法能够不借助阅读上下文便能够大体猜出词义，然后再结合语境猜测，这样事半功倍，而且具有双重保险，大大提高了解题效率和正确率。所以我们主张：可以利用构词法的，一定先利用构词法，再结合语境解题。构词法主要有派生、合成和转化三种形式。 技法图解 典例精析 【典例】　 （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读C篇节选） 　　The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism， including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works， and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. 　　To do so， I divided the book into two parts. In part one， I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism， starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable， before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy. 　　Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy：the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days， you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. 29.What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean？ A.Clear-up.　　　　　　 B.Add-on. C.Check-in.　 D.Take-over. 解题思路：画线词declutter为派生词，含有前缀de-，前缀de-来自拉丁语，意为“away from”，这个前缀有“除去”“取消”“离开”以及“否定”“非”等意思。词根clutter 用作动词，意为“凌乱地塞满；乱堆放”；用作名词，意为“杂乱的东西；杂乱”。根据“所猜词意思＝词根意思＋前缀意思”可知，“去除杂乱的东西；使不再凌乱”即“清理”。再根据上下文进行词义验证：画线词下句中的This process指代the digital declutter。该句提到这个过程要求读者在30天内远离可选择的网络活动。由此可推知，作者应是建议读者进行网络活动的清理。因此declutter意为“清理”。 正确答案：　A　 技法（四）　根据上下文语境猜测词义 　　上下文语境是猜测词义的重要依据之一。解题时，学生需要全面考虑词汇所要表达的含义。 技法图解 典例精析 【典例】　（2025·全国一卷阅读B篇节选） 　　As a new unit started， I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice.This time they found the exercise much more interesting.For the next two assignments， a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop， I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre （体裁） and that it contain a thesis.The results were staggering.The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories， 10 to 20 pages each， with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. 26.What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean？ A.Mixed. B.Amazing.　 C.Similar. D.Disturbing. 解题思路：根据画线词下一句可知，这次学生们选择了多元主题，交上来的故事每篇10到20页，角色既拓宽了“我”的视野，又触动了“我”的内心。由此可推知，这次学生的写作成果是“令人惊叹的”。 正确答案：　B　 三、代词指代题——“就近原则”判指代 　　阅读理解语篇中的代词it，that等都可以用以代表文中提到的人、物或某件事。对于有明显指代词的词义猜测题，我们可以借助指代关系，准确理解句子意思，从而快速推测画线词的含义。需要注意的是，有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的内容。 技法图解 典例精析 【典例】　（2025·全国二卷阅读B篇节选） 　　There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho’s class.She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools.Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments； they express sympathy instead.“I feel like it is a disservice to the kids，” Ho says.“They think their teachers don’t care about their schoolwork.” 26.What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4？ A.Offering regular lessons.　　 B.Paying extra attention. C.Assigning no schoolwork.　　 D.Showing no sympathy. 解题思路：根据画线词所在句的上一句和下一句可知，一些老师不给生病的孩子们布置作业，更多的是表示同情，而孩子们则认为老师这样做是不关心他们的学业，前后对比说明不布置作业反而对他们来说是一种伤害，it指代前面提到的 Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments。 正确答案：　C　 四、句意猜测题——“意义吻合”定句意 　　句意猜测题通常需要学生猜测一个具有概括性的句子的意思，要求学生通过分析上下文语境，理解句子表达的含义。学生可以在原文中找到该句，进行语法和逻辑关系分析，首先要理解句子前后的语境，然后将句子的意思与语境相结合进行推断，做出选择。 技法图解 典例精析 【典例】　 （浙江卷阅读B篇节选） 　　Money with no strings attached.It’s not something you see every day.But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month， a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read，“Give What You Can， Take What You Need.” 24.What does the expression “money with no strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean？ A.Money spent without hesitation. B.Money not legally made. C.Money offered without conditions. D.Money not tied together. 解题思路：定位原文画线句，找到下文的关键信息句Give What You Can，Take What You Need.（给出你所能给的，拿走你所需要的），由此可知，如果你有能力，就捐钱；如果你需要钱，就可以拿走钞票，没有任何条件，给和拿都是自愿的。 正确答案：　C　 A 　　（2025·威海模拟）Growing up， my identity was bound together with being an athlete.I rarely missed any practice or training.Being so active， I never worried about what I ate — pizza， donuts， pasta — whatever was in front of me. 　　When I went to college， however， my mindset towards food sharply changed.No longer a student athlete， I began to learn about wellness.In a lecture， our professor took a cup of Sprite and showed its sugar content by comparing it to a cup of pure sugar.I was stunned.For the first time， I realized my eating habits needed to change. 　　Immediately， I cut out nearly all sugar from my diet.I refused cake at parties and skipped late-night pizza with friends. 　　Though these habits were good for my physical health， slowly， they began to weigh on my mental health.What started as restricting sweets turned into weighing myself multiple times a day and obsessively （过度地） tracking calories.Despite being at a healthy weight， I was consumed by thoughts of food： What did I eat that day？ How much do I need to work out to burn it off？ On the outside， I was physically fit， but on the inside， I was anxious about maintaining this state of perfection with food. 　　It wasn’t until I graduated that I began to critically reflect on my obsession with food.I realized the sense of control my strict habits brought me was actually doing the opposite： In placing so much emphasis on food， I felt out of control.How could I shift to a balance of healthy eating with the occasional indulgence？ 　　Slowly， I learned that the world would not end if I eat some ice cream or drink a glass of Sprite.At my core， I believe letting myself enjoy small pleasures is what makes me feel more human and alive.For me， this balance is crucial to living a fulfilling， satisfying life. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从运动员时期对食物的随意态度，到大学时对健康饮食的过度执着，再到毕业后逐渐找到平衡的过程。 1.What was the author’s attitude to food as an athlete？（　　） A.Adventurous.　 B.Balanced. C.Carefree.　 D.Guilty. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第一段第二、三句可知，作为运动员，作者从不担心自己的饮食习惯，吃什么都很随意，对食物是无忧无虑的态度。 2.What is the focus of paragraph 4？（　　） A.My efforts at tracking calorie intake.　　 B.My method of staying physically fit. C.My social isolation caused by dieting.　　 D.My mental burden behind healthy eating. 解析：D　段落大意题。根据第四段内容可知，本段主要描述了作者因过度严格的饮食习惯导致心理压力，尽管身体很健康，但内心却充满焦虑。 3.Which word can best replace the underlined word “indulgence” in paragraph 5？（　　） A.Enjoyment.　 B.Self-control. C.Workouts.　 D.Medical check-ups. 解析：A　词义猜测题。画线词上文提到作者开始反思，认为这种严格习惯的控制适得其反，因此画线词与Enjoyment意思相近，该句意为“我如何能转向健康饮食与偶尔享乐之间的平衡？”，也就是作者希望自己能在保持健康饮食的同时，偶尔能允许自己享受一些美食。 4.What message is conveyed in the passage？（　　） A.You are what you eat.　　 B.Obsession can backfire. C.Health ensures happiness.　　 D.Perfection brings success. 解析：B　推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，作者通过自己从运动员时期对食物的随意态度，到大学时对健康饮食的过度执着，再到毕业后逐渐找到平衡的过程，说明过度追求健康饮食反而会导致心理压力，最终找到平衡才是关键。 B 　　（2025·重庆调研抽测）What do you do as spring sets in？ Taking off your warm winter coat， and putting it away？ For humans， taking off winter coats is a one-minute task.As it turns out， not all animals are so capable. 　　Snowshoe rabbits live in the mountain ranges of North America， and have a pure white coat during the winter time to match the snowy surroundings and to help avoid being caught.And they take off winter coats for a darker brown fur color to match the dirt and leaves after the snow melts in the spring.Sounds like a great way to escape from their natural enemies， right？ However， concern begins when scientists begin looking at how the warming climate will impact the rabbits. 　　There are more and more white rabbits in the middle of a brown habitat， where the snow has already melted away.This is a problem for them， as they are more easily seen by their natural enemies， giving them a “mismatch” problem.Snowshoe rabbits time the coat change in spring from white to brown based on the change in day length， not the temperature or the presence of snow in their habitat.Nowadays， the snow is melting a week on average before the change in day length signals the change in coat color， leaving the rabbits exposed to their natural enemies. 　　Some predictions put the rabbits in up to 8 weeks of a white coat in a brown， snowless habitat by the end of this century.This timeline could spell doom for their populations， as their natural enemies will have nearly 2 months of easily spotting them. 　　Fortunately， scientists have found areas with snowshoe rabbits in color from white to brown in the same place， meaning the timing of the coat change can be influenced by the environment.Snowshoe rabbits reproduce quickly， and if the color change timing is passed down then it is possible for rabbits to change coats accordingly.By protecting areas with variable ones， we can give snowshoe rabbits the opportunity to adapt to the changing climate. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了雪鞋兔因气候变暖面临毛色与环境不匹配的生存问题及应对希望。 5.Why does the author mention humans’ taking off winter coats？（　　） A.To stress climate change is influential.　　 B.To imply animals should be taken care of. C.To show bonds between man and animals.　　 D.To lead to the problem of snowshoe rabbits. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句可推知，作者通过人类脱冬衣的轻松，引出动物尤其是雪鞋兔面临的换毛难题，从而自然过渡到文章主题。 6.What has made scientists worry about snowshoe rabbits？（　　） A.They fail to keep their white color. B.They are active in freezing winter. C.They can’t get rid of white fur when snow melts. D.They are easily caught by hunters on snowy days. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，科学家担忧的是雪提前融化，而雪鞋兔仍依据日照时长换毛，导致它们在无雪环境中因白色毛发易被天敌发现。 7.What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in paragraph 4？（　　） A.More rabbits will be killed.　　 B.Rabbits’ enemies are stronger. C.The rabbit population will shoot.　　 D.The rabbits may die out in future. 解析：A　句意猜测题。根据第四段内容可知，长时间毛色与环境不匹配会使雪鞋兔被天敌捕食的风险大幅增加。因此，画线句暗示“更多兔子将被猎杀”。 8.Which of the following can best conclude the text？（　　） A.Natural Selection.　　 B.Importance of Colors. C.Survival of the Fittest.　　 D.Timing of Coat Change. 解析：C　主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是尾段可知，文章围绕雪鞋兔因气候变暖面临毛色适应挑战，既提到其生存危机，也指出它们通过快速繁殖和适应环境可能延续种群，这体现了“适者生存”的自然法则。 【披沙拣金】 熟词生义 A篇 content 熟义：adj.满足的，满意的 n.内容；目录　文中义：n.含量；容量 consume 熟义：v.消耗，耗费　文中义：v.（使）充满（感情或思想） 构词法 A篇 　　 合成词： mindset n.观念模式，思维倾向　　late-night adj.深夜的；午夜的 B篇 　　 派生词： prediction n.预言；预测 [predict预言＋-ion]　　snowless adj.无雪的 [snow雪＋-less] variable adj.多变的；易变的 [vary变化＋-able] 难句分析 B篇 Nowadays， the snow is melting a week on average before the change in day length signals the change in coat color， leaving the rabbits exposed to their natural enemies. 分析：句子主干为the snow is melting； before引导时间状语从句；动词-ing短语leaving the rabbits ...引导结果状语从句。 译文：如今，平均而言在日照时长的变化发出换毛信号的一周前，雪就开始融化了，这使得兔子们暴露在天敌面前。 9 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $