第三讲 主旨大意题——把握文脉明主题-【领跑高中】2026年高考英语二轮专题复习教师用书配套课件

第三讲　主旨大意题——把握文脉明主题 目录 探究突破 随堂演练 探究突破 目 录 　　主旨大意题是阅读理解中最难的题目，因为该类题目不仅考查略 读文章、领会大意的能力，也对归纳概括能力提出了较高的要求。该 类题目在文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要从文章中提炼、提取一些 关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨。因此，遇到 主旨大意题时切勿草率作答，一定要读完、读懂文章后再作判断，建 议学生将此类题目放到最后来做。 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 正确选项特征 干扰选项特征 1.涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。 2.确定的范围恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小。 3.精确性强，不会改变原文语言表意的程度及感情色彩。 4.含有文章关键词或者有象征意义的事物。 以偏概全 只阐述了局部信息或文章内容的某一个方面 主题过大 归纳概括过于宽泛，超出了文章实际讨论的内容 断章取义 以次要的事实或细节代替全文的主要观点 无中生有 与文章内容毫不相干或与文章内容相悖 一、主旨大意题的选项特征 　　主旨大意题的正确选项和干扰选项的特征： 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 二、主旨大意题的3大解题途径 途径（一）　段落大意题——首尾兼顾定段意 归纳段落大意题主要考查学生对某个段落内容的概括能力。概 括、总结、归纳段落大意就是用准确、简练的语言把一个段落的主要 意思明确而完整地表达出来。 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 【典例】　（2025·全国二卷阅读D篇节选） 　　It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage.Instead， all the ingredients （配料） used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving.Things like kale ribs， fish collars， rejected sweet potatoes， and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and， with the help of a number of good chefs， turned into excellent cuisine. 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about？ A. Why the ingredients were used. B. Which dishes were best liked. C. What the dishes were made of. D. Where the ingredients were bought. 解题思路： 第一步　首尾兼顾定段意 节选段首句否定“垃圾食材”的说法，随后列举羽衣甘蓝茎秆、鱼颈 肉、淘汰的甘薯、黄瓜头等非常规食材来说明菜品原料的构成。 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 第二步　析选项，斟酌判断 A 为什么使用这些食材。不符合原文文意 偷换概念，歪曲文意 B 哪些菜肴最受欢迎。原文未提及相关内容 无中生有，生搬硬套 C 这些菜肴是用什么做的。精准概括本段核心主旨 涵盖性强，覆盖全段 D 这些食材是在哪里购买的。不符合原文文意 偷换概念，歪曲文意 第三步　对比选项得出答案 正确答案：　C　 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 答题方略： 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 途径（二）　文章大意题——主题句法寻主旨 　　文章大意是作者在文章中所要表达的主要内容，是全文的核心思 想，也是作者在文章中通过行文逻辑和各种细节来阐明的中心话题。 掌握寻找文章主题句的小技巧，可以快速确定文章大意。解答文章大 意题，找准文章的主题句是关键。 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 【典例】　（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C篇） 　　We all know fresh is best when it comes to food.However， most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table.While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey， Babylon Micro-Farm （BMF） shortens it even more. 　　BMF is an indoor garden system.It can be set up for a family. Additionally， it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital， restaurant or school.The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 　　Specifically， it’s a farm that relies on new technology.By connecting through the Cloud， BMF is remotely monitored.Also， there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time.Because the system is automated， it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants.Rather than watering rows of soil， the system provides just the right amount to each plant.After harvest， users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod （容器） to get the next growth cycle started. 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 　　Moreover， having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions （排放） from transporting plants from soil to salad.In addition， there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. 　　BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives.About half of them walk or bike to work.Inside the office， they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.“We are passionate about reducing waste， carbon and chemicals in our environment，” said a BMF employee. 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 31. What does the text mainly talk about？ A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management. C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards. 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 解题思路： 第一步 读文章，概括文意 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 A BMF的主要优势。 根据第一步中第一至第五段的段落大意可知，本选项符合文意 涵盖性强，覆盖全文 B BMF的综合管理。 文中仅简要提及BMF的自动化系统，目的是介绍BMF的优点，本选项以偏概全，不符合文意 以偏概全，断章取义 C BMF的全球影响力。 文中未提及相关内容 无中生有，生搬硬套 D BMF的技术标准。 文中未提及相关内容 无中生有，生搬硬套 第二步 析选项，斟酌判断 第三步　对比选项得出答案 正确答案：　A　 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 答题方略： 1. 找主题句的4个小窍门 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 2. 解题技巧 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 途径（三）　最佳标题类——文章结构定标题 　　标题归纳题要求在理解文章的基础上，结合文章的体裁和结构， 从所给选项中选出适合文章的标题。注意最佳标题的特点：精准性 强，不改变原文的意义和感情色彩；覆盖性强，能概括全文并体现文 章的主旨。 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 【典例】　（2025·1月浙江卷阅读C篇） 　　A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide.Referred to as matrix planting， this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden， and even some of the designing. 　Eschewing　 fertilizers （化肥） and power tools， it’s based on an elegantly simple principle： to garden more like nature does. 　　The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War Ⅱ in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance.Planners created planting mixes that could be 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 used modularly （模块化）.In a matrix garden， plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground， forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds. 　　Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style， adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form， including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife.Beautiful year-round， they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail， from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads. 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 　　It takes a lot of thought to look this natural.While matrix gardens appear wild， they are carefully planned， with cultural needs the first consideration.Led by the concept of “right plant， right place，” they match plants that enjoy the same soil， sun and weather conditions， and arrange them according to their patterns of growth. 　　The benefits are substantial for both the gardener and planet.With human inputs dramatically reduced， the garden’s ecology can develop well.Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 most gardens： fertilizer， dividing， regular watering.Compared to traditional garden plots， they increase carbon absorption， reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly. 31. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text？ A. The future of gardening is WILD B. Nature treats all lives as EQUALS C. Matrix gardens need more CARE D. Old garden plots work WONDERS 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 解题思路： 第一步　读文章，理清结构 　　快速浏览全文可知，文章类型属于新兴技术介绍类说明文（涉及矩阵种植这种新型园艺方式）。文章结构为前瞻导览式。 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 　　根据文章结构可推断出，文章主要介绍了矩阵种植这种前景不错 的新型园艺方式。 第二步　析选项，斟酌判断 A 园艺的未来充满希望 WILD契合矩阵种植的自然理念，且与文章所表达的这种自然园艺方式的发展前景相契合 涵盖性强，覆盖全文 B 大自然对万物一视同仁 此选项重点在大自然对生命的平等对待，偏离文章主题 过度概括，偏离主题 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 C 矩阵式花园需要更多呵护 此选项与文章中矩阵种植减少人力投入等内容不符 断章取义， 理解片面 D 传统花园创造奇迹 文章主要介绍了新的矩阵种植，并非旧的花园地块，该选项与文章主旨不符 断章取义， 理解片面 第三步　对比选项得出答案 正确答案： 　A ⁠ 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 答题方略： 文章类型 结构模型 主旨位置及关键段 实验研究与 报告 环环相扣式：背景—过程—结果/结论—应用/前景 主旨通常在结果/结论或应用/ 前景部分 事理阐释类议论文 层进论述式：论点—论证—结论 主旨明确出现在论点部分（首 段或段落开头） 新兴技术介绍类说明文 前瞻导览式：背景—介绍—前景 主旨集中在背景（问题/需求） 或前景（意义/影响）部分 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 文章类型 结构模型 主旨位置及关键段 社会发展新现象类说明文 因果演绎式：引出现象—分析原因—说明影响 主旨隐藏于分析原因或说明影响部分 新科技发明类说明文 特征详解式：发明背景—介绍发明—应用前景 主旨在发明背景（解决的问题）或应用前景（未来价值）部分中 问题解决类说明文 问题驱动式：提出问题—解决措施—评价 主旨多在解决措施或评价部分中体现 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 文章类型 结构模型 主旨位置及关键段 社会发展与变迁类说明文 历程剖析式：背景—发展历程—看法表述 主旨在背景（核心观点）或表述看法（总结）部分 书评 综合评述式：背景—内容—评价 主旨通常在评价部分 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 随堂演练 目 录 A 　　（2025·泉州适应性练习）In Baltimore， Our Kids Read， a nonprofit， offers three free books to every child who walks into its bookstore.And unlike the library， the books are never expected back.Kids “check out” at the front of the store， but instead of handing over cash， all they have to do is sign up for the nonprofit’s Reading Buddy program， which matches young readers with adults who read with them once or twice a week in 45-minute online meetings to promote literacy （读写能力）.“Every child should have someone reading to them at night，” said Jahmal Lake， executive director of Our Kids Read. 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 　　Lake established Our Kids Read in 2021.But he quickly realized that he needed to do more than just distribute donated books.“I think that the mistake a lot of nonprofits make is that they think they can back up a truck full of resources to the communities they want to serve and that they’re doing something，” Lake said.“But if that community is not equipped to make good use of those resources， you might as well have given them a brick.” 　　On the bookshelves and across tables， there are books like “Black Boy Joy” and “Eyes That Kiss in the Corners”， picture books in 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 English and Spanish， poetry collections， and even graphic novels.The range of options plays into Lakes’ vision of turning non-readers into bookworms by directing kids to books on subjects they already love.Research shows kids are more likely to finish and love books they pick out themselves. 　　To promote the Reading Buddy program， Our Kids Read goes into elementary schools.Lake also plans to set up several little free libraries to encourage reading.The Baltimore Community Foundation has given Our 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 Kids Read over $25，000.Vice President of Community Impact Crystal Harden-Lindsey said Our Kids Read is vital to promoting literacy， the foundation for academic success， economic mobility and civic engagement. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴尔的摩社区的非 盈利机构Our Kids Read通过多种方式促进儿童读写能力。 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴尔的摩社区的非 盈利机构Our Kids Read通过多种方式促进儿童读写能力。 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 1. What is a feature of Our Kids Read bookstore？（　　） A. It offers free books to adults and kids. B. It holds reading competitions weekly. C. It engages kids in reading books to adults. D. It requires kids to register for a program. 解析：　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，Our Kids Read书店的 特色是孩子们报名这个项目就能免费得到三本书。 √ 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 2. What does Lake think of merely donating books？（　　） A. Insufficient. B. Meaningful. C. Motivating. D. Unnecessary. 解析：　推理判断题。根据第二段中I think that the mistake ...given them a brick.可推知，Lake认为仅仅捐赠书籍是不够的，社区还需要 具备利用这些资源的能力。 √ 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 3. Why does the bookstore offer diverse books？（　　） A. To expand kids’ reading range. B. To develop students’ love for books. C. To broaden kids’ visions on book selection. D. To encourage kids’ interest in school subjects. 解析：　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，这家书店提供各种各样的书是为了培养学生们对书籍的热爱。 √ 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 4. What is the main idea of the passage？（　　） A. Bookstore offers kids free books to promote business. B. Charity partners with schools to teach students reading. C. Nonprofit boosts child literacy through multiple measures. D. Program enhances family bond by shared reading activities. 解析：　主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是最后一段可知，本文主要介绍了非盈利机构Our Kids Read通过多种方式促进儿童读写能力。 √ 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 B 　　（2025·苏州八校联考）One day in 1996， someone ate a McDonald’s McChicken burger in Amsterdam.Perhaps a quick bite after work？ A family outing？ These details are lost to time， but others are hard to erase completely.The meal left a permanent mark on the local environment when a Eurasian coot （白冠鸡） found the discarded McChicken wrapper and decided to use it to line its nest， where it remained. 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 　　“It really shows that it’s not just us humans who are writing history， but these birds are also taking notes and documenting our throwaway society，” said the nest biologist Auke-Florian Hiemstra， who has been researching the influence of the Anthropocene era on birds’ nests in Amsterdam’s canals.When investigating nests in the canals， he found a variety of old packaging discarded from the early 1990s up to last year. 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 　　The Eurasian coot only started migrating to Amsterdam in the late 1980s， and Hiemstra’s findings of packaging from 1994 could show the entire lifespan and heritage of the species in the area. 　　While a bird’s nest is usually made from twigs （细枝） and moss， the abundance of plastics has been helpful for birds in the city where natural items are in short supply.Hiemstra said there would likely be a return of natural nests if people focused on re-greening cities and bringing natural water vegetation back， but in the meantime， the birds were successfully working with what they had. 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 　　“For the coots， our litter is not a waste product but something very valuable.Finding these materials that were littered 30 years ago， yet they look as fresh as they were just littered yesterday， really gave me the chills.I really hope we can learn something from the birds to re-evaluate how we think about our materials.These plastics are a wonderful material， yet we use them for single use and throw them away，” Hiemstra said. 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了阿姆斯特丹的白冠 鸡利用人类丢弃的塑料垃圾筑巢的现象，揭示了人类“一次性文 化”对鸟类的影响，并呼吁重新评估塑料的使用方式。 5. What does the McChicken wrapper in the coot’s nest indicate？ （　　） A. The durability of fast-food packaging. B. Birds’ preference for colorful materials. C. The long-lasting impact of litter on animals. D. Birds’ adaptation to a worsening environment. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了阿姆斯特丹的白冠 鸡利用人类丢弃的塑料垃圾筑巢的现象，揭示了人类“一次性文 化”对鸟类的影响，并呼吁重新评估塑料的使用方式。 √ 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 解析：　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句及第五段第二句可知， 包装纸在巢中长久留存，表明人类丢弃的垃圾对动物和环境产生了长 期影响。由此可推知，白冠鸡巢中的麦香鸡包装纸暗示了垃圾对动物 的持久影响。 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 6. Which of the following best describes the birds in Amsterdam？（　　） A. Pioneering nest builders. B. Witnesses to urbanization. C. Victims of plastic pollution. D. Resourceful waste recyclers. √ 解析：　推理判断题。根据第四段和第五段内容可知，阿姆斯特丹 的鸟类将人类丢弃的塑料视为可用资源，巧妙地用于筑巢，展现出利 用废弃物的能力。由此可推知，最能描述阿姆斯特丹鸟类的是“足智 多谋的废物回收者”。 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 7. What do the coots remind people to do according to Hiemstra？ （　　） A. Clear up the canals. B. Protect bird habitats. C. Reuse plastics wisely. D. Expand green space. 解析：　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的I really hope we can learn ... and throw them away可知，他认为人类应借鉴鸟类对塑料的“再利用”方式，重新审视塑料的价值，避免一次性使用。由此可知，白冠鸡提醒人们要明智地重复利用塑料。 √ 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 8. What is the best title for the text？（　　） A. Plastic Waste： A Hidden Threat to Birds B. Bird Nests： A Mirror of Throwaway Culture C. Eurasian Coots： A Creative Architect in Nature D. Man-made Items： A Silent Driver of Nest Changes √ 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 解析：　主旨大意题。文章开篇以白冠鸡用麦当劳包装纸筑巢为例，随后指出生物学家Hiemstra在研究中发现，从20世纪90年代初到去年，鸟类巢穴中存在各种人类丢弃的包装。文中强调，鸟类将人类随手丢弃的垃圾用于筑巢，这些巢穴留存着人类丢弃文化的痕迹，就像一面镜子映照出人类一次性消费的生活方式。因此，B项（鸟巢：一次性文化的镜子）精准概括了文章核心，最适合作为标题。 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 【披沙拣金】 熟 词 生 义 A 篇 back 熟义：n.后面，后部；背部 adj.后面的　文中义：v.支持，资助 equipped 熟义：adj.装备齐全的　文中义：adj.使有能力 collection 熟义：n.收集物，收藏品　文中义：n.作品集 vision 熟义：n.视力；视野　文中义：n.构想，展望 B 篇 bite 熟义：v.咬　文中义：n.小量食物；简单的一餐 line 熟义：n.线；线条　文中义：vt.做衬里 document 熟义：n.文件；公文　文中义：v.记录，记载 litter 熟义：n.垃圾，废弃物　文中义：v.乱扔（垃圾） 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 构 词 法 A 篇 合成词：bookworm n.书虫；书迷 派生词：nonprofit adj.非营利的 [non-＋profit利润，盈利] elementary adj.基础的，初级的；小学的 [element元素＋-ary] B 篇 合成词：throwaway adj.不回收利用的；浪费的　　 lifespan n.寿命；使用期 派生词：discarded adj.丢弃的；废弃的 [discard扔掉，弃置＋-ed] 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 难 句 分 析 A 篇 I think that the mistake a lot of nonprofits make is that they think they can back up a truck full of resources to the communities they want to serve and that they’re doing something. 分析：句子主干为I think ...； a lot of nonprofits make为省略了关系词that的定语从句，修饰先行词mistake；宾语从句是一个“主系表”结构，主语是the mistake，表语是由两个并列的that表语从句构成。 译文：我认为，许多非营利组织犯的错误在于它们以为自己可以向想要服务的社区大量资助一卡车资源，并且觉得这样就算是有所作为了。 高考专题辅导与测试·英语 目 录 THANKS 演示完毕 感谢观看 $