内容正文:
教学课件
冀教英语七年级上册
Unit2 语法专项—— 可数名词与不可数名词
全解精讲+分层练习
1
学习目标
掌握可数名词与不可数名词的定义及核心区别
牢记可数名词复数的规则与不规则变化形式
学会不可数名词的数量表达方法(借助量词)
熟练运用名词修饰词,区分不同修饰词的用法
能完成各类题型,在语境中正确使用两类名词
核心定义:什么是可数名词
可数名词是可以直接数出具体数量的名词,有明确的单复数之分
单数形式:表示单个的人或事物,前可加a/an(泛指)或the(特指)
复数形式:表示两个或两个以上的人或事物,需通过变化构成
示例:book(单数,一本书)→ books(复数,多本书)
常见类别:文具、动物、人、水果等,大多是具体可见的事物
核心定义:什么是不可数名词
不可数名词是无法直接数出具体数量的名词,无复数形式
关键特点:不能直接加a/an,也不能直接用数字修饰
数量表达:需借助“量词+of”结构,通过量词的复数体现数量多少
示例:milk(牛奶,不可数)→ a glass of milk(一杯牛奶)
常见类别:液体、食物、抽象名词(如water, bread, time)
可数名词vs不可数名词(核心区别)
1. 数量可数性:可数名词能直接计数,不可数名词不能
2. 复数形式:可数名词有单复数,不可数名词无复数
3. 修饰词:可数名词可加a/an、数字;不可数名词需借助量词
4. 示例对比:a pen(可数)→ two pens;a bowl of rice(不可数)
牢记区别,避免出现“a milk”“two bread”这类错误
可数名词复数·规则变化(一)
规则变化是最基础、最常用的复数变化形式,需牢记以下类型
1. 一般情况:直接在名词末尾加s
示例:pen → pens, desk → desks, apple → apples
2. 以s, x, ch, sh结尾:加es
示例:bus → buses, box → boxes, watch → watches
注意:es发音为/ɪz/,书写时不要漏写e
可数名词复数·规则变化(二)
3. 以辅音字母+y结尾:变y为i,再加es
示例:city → cities, family → families, baby → babies
4. 以元音字母+y结尾:直接加s(元音字母:a,e,i,o,u)
示例:boy → boys, toy → toys, day → days
区分技巧:看y前面的字母,辅音变i加es,元音直接加s
可数名词复数·规则变化(三)
5. 以f/fe结尾:变f/fe为v,再加es
示例:knife → knives, leaf → leaves, wife → wives
6. 以o结尾:分两种情况,重点记特殊例词
有生命的加es:tomato → tomatoes, potato → potatoes
无生命的加s:photo → photos, piano → pianos, radio → radios
可数名词复数·规则变化总结表
变化类型 变化规则 示例
一般情况 直接加s book → books
s/x/ch/sh结尾 加es dish → dishes
辅音+y结尾 变y为i加es city → cities
o结尾(有生命) 加es tomato → tomatoes
可数名词复数·不规则变化(重点)
不规则变化无固定规则,需单独记忆,多为常用名词
1. 完全变化:man → men, woman → women
2. 特殊变化:child → children, foot → feet, tooth → teeth
3. 单复同形:sheep → sheep, fish(表数量)→ fish
补充:fish表“种类”时,复数为fishes(较少见)
口诀辅助:男人女人a变e,孩子后面加ren,绵羊鱼单复同
不规则变化完整列表
单数形式 复数形式 备注
man men 男人,复数a变e
woman women 女人,复数a变e
child children 孩子,特殊变化
sheep sheep 绵羊,单复同形
fish fish/fishes 鱼,数量用fish,种类用fishes
不可数名词·数量表达(重点)
不可数名词无复数,不能直接用数字修饰,需借助“量词+of”结构
核心结构:数词 + 量词复数 + of + 不可数名词
常用量词及示例:
1. a glass of(一杯)→ two glasses of water(两杯水)
2. a piece of(一片/张)→ three pieces of bread(三片面包)
3. a bowl of(一碗)→ four bowls of rice(四碗米饭)
不可数名词·常用量词拓展
补充更多常用量词,适配不同类别不可数名词
1. a bottle of(一瓶)→ a bottle of juice(一瓶果汁)
2. a bag of(一袋)→ two bags of flour(两袋面粉)
3. a cup of(一杯)→ five cups of tea(五杯茶)
注意:量词本身是可数名词,数词大于1时,量词需变复数
错误:two glass of milk 正确:two glasses of milk
名词修饰词·用法详解(一)
修饰词用来限定名词数量,需根据名词可数/不可数选择
1. 修饰可数名词复数的词:many(许多)、a few(几个)
示例:many apples(许多苹果)、a few books(几本书)
2. 修饰不可数名词的词:much(许多)、a little(一点)
示例:much water(许多水)、a little milk(一点牛奶)
区分:many/much表“多”,a few/a little表“少”
名词修饰词·用法详解(二)
3. 通用修饰词:some(一些)、lots of(许多)
既可以修饰可数名词复数,也可以修饰不可数名词
修饰可数复数:some pens(一些钢笔)、lots of toys(许多玩具)
修饰不可数名词:some rice(一些米饭)、lots of juice(许多果汁)
小贴士:some多用于肯定句,any多用于否定句和疑问句
示例:I have some bread. → Do you have any bread?
修饰词用法口诀
many修饰可数复,much修饰不可数;
a few接可数,a little接不可;
some/lots of真灵活,可数不可数都能合;
肯定句里用some,否定疑问any搁。
牢记口诀,快速判断修饰词,避免用错
基础练习1:判断名词类型
说明:请判断下列名词是可数名词(C)还是不可数名词(U)
1. apple(______) 2. milk(______) 3. book(______)
4. water(______) 5. child(______) 6. bread(______)
7. tomato(______) 8. juice(______) 9. sheep(______)
10. rice(______)
C
U
C
U
C
U
C
U
C
U
基础练习2:写出可数名词的复数形式
请根据规则,写出下列可数名词的正确复数形式
1. pen → ________ 2. bus → ________ 3. city → ________
4. boy → ________ 5. knife → ________ 6. tomato → ________
7. photo → ________ 8. man → ________ 9. child → ________
10. sheep → ________
pens
buses
cities
boys
knives
tomatoes
photos
men
children
sheep
基础练习3:不可数名词数量表达
请根据句意,用“量词+of”结构完成句子
1. I want ________________ (一杯) milk and ___________ (两片) bread.
2. There are ________________ (三碗) rice on the table.
3. She drinks ________________ (四瓶) juice every day.
4. He needs ________________ (五张) paper to draw pictures.
提示:注意量词的单复数变化
a glass of
two pieces of
three bowls of
four bottles of
five pieces of
基础练习4:选择合适的修饰词
1. There are __________ (many/much) books in the library.
2. I have _________ (a little/a few) water left in my bottle.
3. She buys __________ (some/any) apples and _________ (some/any) rice.
4. How __________ (many/much) juice do you want?
5. There are __________ (a few/a little) pens in my pencil-box.
a little
some
some
much
a few
many
进阶练习1:单项选择
1. — Would you like ______ bread? — Yes, please.
A. a B. some C. many
2. There are ______ tomatoes and ______ rice on the plate.
A. many; much B. much; many C. many; many
3. I need three ______ of ______ for breakfast.
A. cup; tea B. cups; tea C. cups; teas
B
A
B
4. How many ______ are there in your family?
A. child B. children C. childs
5. There is ______ milk in the glass. I need to buy some.
A. a little B. little C. many
6. My mother buys five ______ and a bag of ______.
A. potato; flour B. potatoes; flour C. potatoes; flours
7. — Do you have ______ pens? — No, I don’t have ______.
A. any; some B. some; any C. any; any
B
B
B
C
进阶练习3:用所给名词的适当形式填空
1. There are six ______ (day) in a week.
2. He drinks two ________ (bottle) of ______ (water) every morning.
3. How many ________ (tomato) do you need? I need ten ________ (potato).
4. The ________ (woman) are talking with three _________ (child).
5. There is some ______ (bread) and two ______ (egg) on the table.
days
bottles
water
tomatoes
potatoes
women
children
bread
eggs
综合练习1:短文填空
Today is Sunday. I go to the supermarket with my mother.
We buy some ______ (apple), five ______ (potato) and a ______ (bag) of ______ (rice). My mother also buys two ______ (bottle) of ______ (juice) and three ______ (piece) of ______ (bread). There are many ______ (people) in the supermarket. We are happy to go shopping.
apples
potatoes
bag
rice
bottles
juice
pieces
bread
people
综合练习2:句型转换
1. There is a glass of milk on the table.(改为复数句)
There are two ______ of ______ on the table.
2. I have some books in my schoolbag.(改为否定句)
I don’t have ______ ______ in my schoolbag.
3. There are many tomatoes in the basket.(对划线部分提问)
How many tomatoes______ ______ in the basket?
glasses milk
any books
are there
拔高练习:改错
1. I have two glass of juice.(改正:_______________)
2. There are many bread on the plate.(改正:______________)
3. He has three tomatos and a potato.(改正:_________________)
4. There is some apples in the basket.(改正:_______________)
5. How much books do you have?(改正:________________)
glass改为glasses
many改为much
tomatos改为tomatoes
is改为are
much改为many
6. She buys a milk and two eggs.(改正:______________________)
7. The childs are playing on the playground.(改正:________________)
8. There are lots of rice in the bowl.(改正:________________)
9. I have a few water left.(改正:__________________)
10. Do you have some pens?(改正:________________)
a milk改为a glass of milk
childs改为children
are改为is
a few改为a little
some改为any
易错点总结(一)
1. 可数名词复数:以o结尾的词,区分有生命/无生命,避免漏加es
2. 不规则变化:child→children、man→men需牢记,避免写错
3. 单复同形:sheep、fish(表数量)复数不变,不要加s
4. 量词变化:数词大于1时,量词需变复数,如two glasses of...
易错点总结(二)
1. 不可数名词:不能直接加a/an、数字,必须借助量词
2. 修饰词混淆:many接可数复数,much接不可数,a few/a little区分清楚
3. some/any用法:肯定句用some,否定/疑问句用any(特殊请求除外)
4. 常见错误:a milk、two bread、many water,需避免这类表达
单元语法总结
本单元重点:可数名词与不可数名词的用法及区别
1. 可数名词:有单复数,掌握规则与不规则变化,可直接计数
2. 不可数名词:无复数,借助“量词+of”表达数量,不能直接加a/an
3. 修饰词:区分many/much、a few/a little,掌握some/any的用法
4. 核心:能根据语境判断名词类型,正确运用,规避常见错误
教学课件
Unit2 语法专项—— 可数名词与不可数名词
Thank you for listening!
31
$