专题04 阅读理解 （说明文二）（浙江专用）2026年高考英语一模分类汇编

6学科网 1.C 2.D 3.D 9.D 10.C 11.B 17.C 18.B 19.D 25.C 26.A 27.D 33.A 34.C 35.C 41.D 42.C 43.B 49.A 50.C 51.C 57.B 58.D 59.D 65.B 66.D 67.C 73.B 74.C 75.C 81.B 82.C 83.D www zxxk com 专题03阅读理解（说明文二） 参考答案 4.B 5.C 6.B 7.C 12.D 13.D 14.B 15. 20.A 21.D 22.D 23 28.C 29.C 30.A 31. 36.B 37.B 38.C 39. 44.A 45.A 46.C 47 52.B 53.B 54.B 55. 60.B 61.B 62.A 63 68.A 69.B 70.D 71. 76.D 77.D 78.C 79. 84.B 1/1 让教与学更高效 8.A A 16.C B 24.A C 32.B D 40.A C 48.A A 56.A A 64.D D 72.A D 80.A 专题03 阅读理解（说明文二） 主题01人与社会 —— 科技·社会 Passage 1 （2026·县域教研·一模） The Parker Solar Probe (探测器), the fastest object ever made by human hands, surfs the solar winds at more than 630,000 kilometers per hour. That’s more than 500 times the speed of sound on Earth. Its mission? To touch the Sun — and, ideally, to avoid overheating in the process. It achieved this goal in 2021, when the probe flew by Venus and traveled through the Sun’s outermost atmosphere. Since then, it has carved closer and closer paths, revealing extraordinary details about our star. On its closest approach, it’s expected to cross within 4.5 sun lengths away from the solar surface. And it will tolerate temperatures of 1,500℃. Unfortunately, there’s a limit to just how close Parker can get. And there are questions scientists can’t answer without probing even deeper into the solar atmosphere. However, probing deeper into the corona (日冕) — without overheating, exploding, or falling directly into the Sun — is an enormous engineering challenge. The first challenge is directing the probe’s path. A probe falling directly towards the Sun would likely pick up so much speed in its fall that it would either crash or be thrown in the opposite direction. To avoid this, the Parker Solar Probe made a series of complicated orbital movements around Venus, so that it could readjust its orbit and get closer by using the Venus’s gravity to slow down. But these current orbital tricks can only get us so far. As for the extreme heat, the Parker Probe used a strategy that is like sitting under a beach umbrella. Its instrumentation is packed behind a heat shield (屏障) just 4.5 inches thick, which can only get so close to the Sun. To get even closer, researchers at NASA’s Innovative Advanced Concepts program have developed two novel shields which they believe could surf a probe as close as 1 sun length from the surface. But we won’t know for sure until these shields are subjected to final testing. At these close distances, we might discover the unknown things and learn how to better predict solar behaviors. Thus, we’d get an unprecedented look at our star — far beyond what any telescope has ever captured — and perhaps one day, with the Sun’s assistance, at our most distant neighbors. 1．What can we know about the Parker Solar Probe from paragraph 1? A．It can reach the exact surface of the Sun. B．It can travel as fast as the sound on Earth. C．It would help explore more about the Sun. D．It would maintain itself when getting to the Sun. 2．How does the Probe manage to avoid crashing? A．By picking up much more speed. B．By moving in the opposite direction. C．By readjusting its distance to the Sun. D．By taking advantage of Venus’s gravity. 3．What can we infer about the two novel shields? A．They look like beach umbrellas. B．They remain at a conceptual stage. C．They get thicker than the Probe’s shield. D．They are expected to be more heat-resistant. 4．What does the underlined word “unprecedented” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Imaginary. B．Extraordinary. C．Unpredictable. D．Ideal. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了人类最快航天器帕克太阳探测器的探测使命、已达成的成果（如穿越太阳最外层大气），以及进一步抵近太阳探测面临的轨道控制和极端高温两大工程挑战，同时展望了近距离探测太阳对揭示宇宙奥秘、预测太阳活动及深空探索的重要意义。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“It achieved this goal in 2021, when the probe flew by Venus and traveled through the Sun’s outermost atmosphere. Since then, it has carved closer and closer paths, revealing extraordinary details about our star. On its closest approach, it’s expected to cross within 4.5 sun lengths away from the solar surface.(该探测器于2021年达成这一目标：当时它飞掠金星，穿过了太阳的最外层大气。自那以后，探测器不断规划出越来越接近太阳的轨道，揭示了关于这颗恒星的诸多非凡细节。在其最近距离接近太阳时，预计将抵达距离太阳表面仅4.5个太阳半径的范围之内。)”可知，帕克太阳探测器穿过太阳最外层大气，揭示关于太阳的非凡细节，帮助进一步探索太阳。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“A probe falling directly towards the Sun would likely pick up so much speed in its fall that it would either crash or be thrown in the opposite direction. To avoid this, the Parker Solar Probe made a series of complicated orbital movements around Venus, so that it could readjust its orbit and get closer by using the Venus’s gravity to slow down.(若探测器径直朝向太阳飞行，其下落过程中很可能会加速到极高速度，最终要么坠毁，要么被抛向相反方向。为避免这种情况，帕克太阳探测器围绕金星执行了一系列复杂的轨道机动，借助金星引力减速，从而调整轨道、进一步靠近太阳。)”可知，帕克太阳探测器利用金星的引力，调整轨道以避免撞击。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“As for the extreme heat, the Parker Probe used a strategy that is like sitting under a beach umbrella. Its instrumentation is packed behind a heat shield (屏障) just 4.5 inches thick, which can only get so close to the Sun. To get even closer, researchers at NASA’s Innovative Advanced Concepts program have developed two novel shields which they believe could surf a probe as close as 1 sun length from the surface. But we won’t know for sure until these shields are subjected to final testing.(关于极端高温问题，帕克太阳探测器采用了一种类似坐在沙滩伞下的防护策略。其搭载的仪器设备被安置在一块仅4.5英寸厚的隔热屏后方，但这一热防护罩的防护能力仅能支持探测器靠近太阳到当前的距离。为了实现更近距离的探测，美国国家航空航天局（NASA）创新先进概念项目的研究人员已研发出两款新型防护罩——他们认为，这两款防护罩可使探测器能够抵近至距离太阳表面仅1个太阳半径的区域。不过，在这些防护罩通过最终测试之前，我们尚无法确定其实际效果。)”可知，现有高温防护的策略是“像坐在沙滩伞下”，即设备安置在隔热屏障后方，并非热防护罩外形像沙滩伞，新型防护罩已经研发出来，进入测试阶段，它可使探测器更接近太阳，即更耐高温。故选D。 4．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“At these close distances, we might discover the unknown things and learn how to better predict solar behaviors.(在如此近的探测距离下，我们或许能发现未知的宇宙奥秘，进而掌握更精准预测太阳活动的方法。)”以及下文“far beyond what any telescope has ever captured(远远超过任何望远镜所能捕捉到的)”可知，对太阳这颗恒星的观测会是“前所未有的、非凡的”，unprecedented与Extraordinary意思一致。故选B。 Passage 2 （2026·金丽衢·一模） For years, most new cars sold have been equipped with high-tech touch screens that control various functions, from air conditioning and navigation to music. Even safety features like automatic lane-keeping are sometimes screen-controlled. But are touch screens safe for drivers to use while driving? Traditional physical buttons allow drivers to operate controls without looking away from the road. However, touch screens offer no physical feedback, making it harder to use them without direct visual attention. Since a single screen handles dozens of functions, finding a particular setting often means tapping through several sub-menus. The result, say critics, is a dangerous distraction. Research backs that up. In 2022, Swedish researchers conducted a study comparing 11 cars with touch screens to an older model with physical buttons. They measured how long it took drivers to perform simple tasks like changing radio stations or adjusting temperature while driving at 110 km/h. The results were striking. In the older car, drivers completed all tasks in about ten seconds, during which the car traveled approximately 300 meters. In the worst-performing modern car, the same tasks took 45 seconds, with the car covering 1.4 kilometers. Even the best-performing models required several seconds longer than the traditional button-controlled car. Another study in 2024 by Norwegian researchers used gaze-tracking cameras to measure distraction times. They found that even the quickest task—adjusting temperature — took drivers’ eyes off the road for an average of 3.5 seconds. Finding a new radio station took 11 seconds, while entering a new navigation address took 16 seconds. An analysis published in 2020 by the Transport Research Laboratory, a British organization, found that touch screens impaired a driver’s reaction time more than driving over the legal alcohol limit. Safety organizations are taking actions. Starting this year, Euro NCAP, which provides safety ratings for cars in Europe, will require that certain critical functions like turn signals and windshield wipers must be controlled by physical buttons for a car to receive the highest five-star safety rating. Meanwhile, car manufacturers are responding to concerns. Volkswagen, Hyundai, and Porsche have begun returning physical buttons to their new models, recognizing that many drivers find touch screens inconvenient and potentially dangerous. As car technology continues to evolve, the balance between innovation and safety remains an important consideration. 5．What makes touch screens less user-friendly for drivers? A．They are energy consuming. B．They have a single function. C．They provide no physical response. D．They are more expensive to produce. 6．What did the Swedish study focus on? A．Drivers’ feelings about control systems. B．The time required to perform simple operations. C．The various road conditions and driving speeds. D．The long-term impact of touch screens on driving habits. 7．Why did Euro NCAP set the new rules? A．To reduce production cost. B．To promote more touch screens use. C．To enhance driving safety. D．To encourage new system development. 8．Which of the following is the main idea of the passage? A．Touch screens may pose risks to driving safety. B．Safety is an important consideration for driving. C．Physical buttons should be replaced by touch screens. D．Touch screens are more convenient than physical buttons. 【答案】5．C 6．B 7．C 8．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述多数新车配备触摸屏控制多种功能，但因无物理反馈、易分心，多项研究证实其危及驾驶安全，相关机构和车企已采取应对措施。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段“However, touch screens offer no physical feedback, making it harder to use them without direct visual attention. (然而，触摸屏没有物理反馈，这使得驾驶员在不直接注视的情况下难以操作。)”可知，触摸屏对驾驶员不够友好的核心原因是缺乏物理反馈。故选C项。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段“They measured how long it took drivers to perform simple tasks like changing radio stations or adjusting temperature while driving at 110 km/h. (他们测量了驾驶员以110公里/小时的速度行驶时，完成换电台、调温度等简单操作所需的时间。)”可知，瑞典研究的核心是关注驾驶员执行简单操作的耗时。故选B项。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Safety organizations are taking actions. Starting this year, Euro NCAP, which provides safety ratings for cars in Europe, will require that certain critical functions like turn signals and windshield wipers must be controlled by physical buttons for a car to receive the highest five-star safety rating.(安全机构正在采取行动。从今年开始，为欧洲汽车提供安全评级的欧洲新车安全评鉴（Euro NCAP）规定，若汽车要获得最高五星安全评级，转向灯、雨刷等关键功能必须采用物理按键控制。)”可知，Euro NCAP制定新规则的目的是通过保留关键功能的物理按键，提升驾驶安全性。故选C项。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文特别是第一段“For years, most new cars sold have been equipped with high-tech touch screens that control various functions, from air conditioning and navigation to music. Even safety features like automatic lane-keeping are sometimes screen-controlled. But are touch screens safe for drivers to use while driving?(多年来，大多数在售新车都配备了高科技触摸屏，可操控空调、导航、音乐等各类功能。即便像自动车道保持这样的安全配置，有时也需通过屏幕操作。但驾驶员在驾驶过程中使用触摸屏是否安全呢？)”，第一段提出“触摸屏是否安全”的疑问，第二段分析触摸屏的安全隐患（无物理反馈、分散注意力），第三至五段通过多项研究数据证明触摸屏会增加驾驶分心时间、影响反应速度，最后一段介绍安全机构和车企的应对措施。核心围绕“触摸屏可能给驾驶安全带来风险”展开。故选A项。 Passage 3 （2026·温州·一模） A grandmother cooks chicken. A group of kids, ages 8 to 14, watch her make the dish. This cooking class is part of a “Summer Camp” in Southern California. At this camp, grandmas are in charge. Each week, they teach young campers how to cook a new dish and do crafts. “Loneliness is something that seniors are challenged with, and they love having younger people around them,” said Zainab, who works at Olive Community Services that brings older adults together and created the camp. During the last week of the camp, a 9-year-old Janna learned how to use a sewing machine and make pockets. The camper had pressed hard on the machine’s pedal, making the needle move quickly. “Slowly, slowly,” Rahim, a grandma teaching the sewing class, said to her. The girl smiled when she made it. Rahim said the camp is “filling a gap” for kids. Many schools don’t teach these skills like cooking and sewing. Rahim also doesn’t get to spend much time with her grandchildren because they don’t live close. “It is heartwarming to be able to interact with those who love being around you,” she said. The summer camp was organized through a partnership with the Golden Connections Club started by a 14-year-old high school student Leena to encourage teens and seniors to interact. She noticed that many students didn’t have the chance to spend as much time with their grandparents. She also learned about challenges faced by senior adults, such as unfair treatment. The club organizes monthly lunches at Leena’s school. They invite the seniors to the school and discuss topics where both groups can learn from each other. One of the most valuable lessons they’ve shared with her is to live in the moment, and this has taken on new meaning for Leena. “The people we have right now, they’re not going to be with us forever,” she said. 9．What can we know about the Summer Camp? A．It is mainly about cooking. B．It offers jobs to teenagers. C．It is held on a monthly basis. D．It is in the charge of the seniors. 10．What do the underlined words “filling a gap” mean in paragraph 3? A．Providing engaging games. B．Offering nutritious meals. C．Teaching practical techniques. D．Organizing interactive activities. 11．What did Rahim think of teaching the sewing class at the camp? A．Refreshing. B．Fulfilling. C．Challenging. D．Pioneering. 12．What is the main purpose of the club? A．To pass down traditional recipes. B．To ensure an inclusive atmosphere. C．To improve elderly people’s welfare. D．To promote interaction between generations. 【答案】9．D 10．C 11．B 12．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了美国南加州举办由老年人主导的夏令营，教授青少年烹饪、缝纫等技能，该活动源于一学生创办的俱乐部，旨在促进代际互动，弥补技能教学空缺。 9．细节理解题。根据第一段“At this camp, grandmas are in charge.(在这个营地，都是奶奶们在负责管理)”可知，夏令营由老年人负责。故选D。 10．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Many schools don’t teach these skills like cooking and sewing(许多学校并未教授诸如烹饪和缝纫这类技能)”可知，夏令营中奶奶们教授这些实用技能，因此“filling a gap”指“弥补学校在实用技能教学上的空缺”，即“教授实用技巧”。故划线词指的是“传授实用技巧”。故选C。 11．推理判断题。根据第四段“It is heartwarming to be able to interact with those who love being around you(能够与那些喜欢与你相处的人交流，真是令人感到温暖幸福)”可知，她认为教缝纫课是“有成就感的、令人满足的”。故选B。 12．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The summer camp was organized through a partnership with the Golden Connections Club started by a 14-year-old high school student Leena to encourage teens and seniors to interact.(这次夏令营是通过与“金色联系”俱乐部的合作组织的。该俱乐部由一名14岁的高中生莉娜创立，旨在鼓励青少年和老年人相互交流)”可知，这个俱乐部的主要目的是促进不同年龄段人群之间的交流互动。故选D。 Passage 4 （2026·名校联盟·一模） When we think about high school’s lasting impact, we often focus on grade point averages, extracurricular activities, and close friendships. But according to a new study, the influence of high school stretches far beyond the teenage years and into our very bodies. The study tracked a nationally representative sample of individuals who were high school sophomores (二年级的) and seniors in 1980. Researchers followed these participants into their early 50s and found strong links between high school experience and midlife body mass index (BMI). This relationship held even when accounting for college education, academic attainment, and weight during high school itself. This research argues that high schools are more than institutions of learning — they are health shapers. For decades, we’ve known that educational attainment is linked to health outcomes, including weight. But this study pushes the timeline back, suggesting that the process of becoming educated — especially the early stages that happen in high school — is just as crucial. So, what parts of high school matter? It turns out that attending private schools, being in high socioeconomic status (High-SES) environments, and enrolling in advanced curricular tracks were associated with lower midlife BMI, especially for women. These factors weren’t just minor contributors; they maintained their influence even after researchers controlled for a host of variables like college degrees and adult income. Interestingly, popularity during high school also played a role for women. In a society where women and girls face heightened pressure around body image, early social acceptance may help establish healthier long-term habits and body ideals. The gender differences in this study are striking. For women, both family and school SES, along with popularity, were significantly linked to adult weight. For men, the connection existed but was less pronounced. One possible reason? The cultural landscape. Girls and women often deal with more pressure to be thin and face harsher judgment about their weight than boys and men. These pressures likely strengthen how high school experiences — both academic and social — shape long-term behaviors and self-perceptions. 13．What does the study mainly reveal about high schools? A．They predict academic success. B．They foster social relationships. C．They determine career achievements. D．They shape long- term physical health. 14．Which factor relates to lower adult BMI for women? A．Adult income status. B．High school popularity. C．College degree level. D．High school sports activities. 15．Why do gender differences exist in findings? A．Social expectations. B．Economic policies. C．Educational resources. D．Biological distinctions. 16．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Gender Differences in Educational Environments B．The Link Between School Grades and Adult Success C．High School’s Long- Term Impact on Physical Health D．The Role of Social Activities in adolescent Development 【答案】13．D 14．B 15．A 16．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，该研究揭示了高中经历对中年身体质量指数(BMI)的长期影响，强调了高中不仅是学习场所，还是健康塑造的重要阶段。 13．细节理解题。根据第三段“This research argues that high schools are more than institutions of learning — they are health shapers. For decades, we’ve known that educational attainment is linked to health outcomes, including weight. But this study pushes the timeline back, suggesting that the process of becoming educated — especially the early stages that happen in high school — is just as crucial. (这项研究认为，高中不仅仅是学习机构，它们还是健康的塑造者。几十年来，我们已经知道教育程度与健康结果有关，包括体重。但这项研究将时间线退回，表明接受教育的过程，尤其是发生在高中的早期阶段，同样至关重要)”可知，这项研究主要揭示了高中对长期身体健康的影响。故选D项。 14．细节理解题。根据第四段中“It turns out that attending private schools, being in high socioeconomic status (High-SES) environments, and enrolling in advanced curricular tracks were associated with lower midlife BMI, especially for women.(结果是就读私立学校、处于高社会经济地位环境以及参加进阶课程，与中年时期较低的体重指数(尤其在女性中)存在关联)”和第五段“Interestingly, popularity during high school also played a role for women. In a society where women and girls face heightened pressure around body image, early social acceptance may help establish healthier long-term habits and body ideals. (有趣的是，高中时期的受欢迎程度对女性也会产生影响。在一个女性和女孩面临更严苛身材压力的社会里，早期的社会认同或许有助于建立更健康的长期习惯与身体审美观念)”可知，对女性来说，高中时期的受欢迎程度也与成年后较低的BMI有关。故选B项。 15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The gender differences in this study are striking. For women, both family and school SES, along with popularity, were significantly linked to adult weight. For men, the connection existed but was less pronounced. One possible reason? The cultural landscape. Girls and women often deal with more pressure to be thin and face harsher judgment about their weight than boys and men. These pressures likely strengthen how high school experiences — both academic and social — shape long-term behaviors and self-perceptions. (这项研究揭示的性别差异令人瞩目。对女性而言，家庭与学校的社会经济地位以及受欢迎程度，均与成年体重显著相关；男性虽也存在这种关联，却远不如女性明显。潜在原因何在？文化环境使然。相较于男性，女性往往承受着更严苛的瘦身压力与体重评判，这种社会压力很可能强化了高中阶段学业与社交经历对长期行为模式及自我认知的塑造作用)”可知，研究发现中存在性别差异是因为社会期望，女孩和女性往往面临更大的减肥压力和更严苛的评判。故选A项。 16．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段“This research argues that high schools are more than institutions of learning — they are health shapers. For decades, we’ve known that educational attainment is linked to health outcomes, including weight. But this study pushes the timeline back, suggesting that the process of becoming educated — especially the early stages that happen in high school — is just as crucial. (这项研究认为，高中不仅仅是学习机构，它们还是健康的塑造者。几十年来，我们已经知道教育程度与健康结果有关，包括体重。但这项研究将时间线提前，表明接受教育的过程，尤其是发生在高中的早期阶段，同样至关重要)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，该研究揭示了高中经历对中年身体质量指数(BMI)的长期影响，强调了高中不仅是学习场所，还是健康塑造的重要阶段。故C项“High School’s Long-Term Impact on Physical Health (高中对身体健康的长期影响)”能够概括文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 Passage 5 （2026·杭州·一模） A letter from a prime minister, a child’s notebook, a prized sporting medal: what do these things have in common? On the surface, not much at all. But for Tony Armstrong’s Extra-Ordinary Things, that doesn’t matter in the slightest. In this five-part ABC TV series and accompanying exhibition at the National Museum of Australia, it’s not really the objects themselves that matter; it’s the stories and people behind them that construct a story about the nation and its past. This project sees popular television presenter Tony Armstrong travel the country in search of items for his special exhibition. Some objects capture major moments in Australian history. The anti-Iraq war protest that saw the words NO WAR painted on the sails of the Sydney Opera House in 2003 is represented by the paint tray used for the act. Through a memorial pin held by Harbour Bridge construction worker George Killen’s great-granddaughter, we hear the forgotten story of how one worker selflessly dived into the cold waters of the harbour below to save a friend. Turns out, the ordinary can be extra-ordinary. This doesn’t mean the project shies away from the dark aspects of our past. In one episode, Armstrong speaks from the edge of the “exclusion (排斥) zone” that marked the area in Perth where First Nations people, only seventy years ago, were not permitted to enter freely. Sometimes light-hearted, sometimes heart-breaking, Extra-Ordinary Things is largely optimistic in tone. It is an example of how storytelling can bridge divides, allow us to confront realities, and enable us to make choices that might go some way to addressing wrongs. When I asked Armstrong what he hoped the project would achieve, he said: “I hope it gets people telling stories.” Whether you’re asking your grandma or your friends to share their extraordinary things, his advice is to “be eager to discover, be curious.” 17．What do we know about the objects listed in paragraph 1? A．Rare but tie to everyday life. B．Tiny but represent official records. C．Ordinary but hold special meaning. D．Historic but mask personal connections. 18．Why is the memorial pin mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To present a fact. B．To illustrate a point. C．To explore a rule. D．To clarify a concept. 19．What message does Armstrong want to convey in his project? A．History is full of injustice. B．History is made up of fun stories. C．Painful things should be left behind. D．All historical facts should be acknowledged. 20．What does Armstrong encourage viewers to do? A．Seek stories with an inquiring mind. B．Engage their family with better stories. C．Collect ordinary items for the exhibition. D．Study professional storytelling techniques. 【答案】17．C 18．B 19．D 20．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一档电视节目及其展览，这一项目通过普通物品背后的故事展现澳大利亚的历史，既包含感人瞬间也直面黑暗过往，旨在鼓励人们以好奇心发掘和分享故事。 17．细节理解题。根据第一段中“A letter from a prime minister, a child’s notebook, a prized sporting medal: what do these things have in common? On the surface, not much at all. (一封首相的信，一个孩子的笔记本，一枚珍贵的体育奖牌：这些东西有什么共同之处？从表面上看，没什么)”和第二段中“it’s not really the objects themselves that matter; it’s the stories and people behind them that construct a story about the nation and its past (真正重要的并非这些物件本身，而是它们背后的人物和故事——正是这些构建了一个关于国家及其历史的故事)”可知，这些物品看似普通但有特殊意义。故选C项。 18．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Through a memorial pin held by Harbour Bridge construction worker George Killen’s great-granddaughter, we hear the forgotten story of how one worker selflessly dived into the cold waters of the harbour below to save a friend. Turns out, the ordinary can be extra-ordinary. (通过海港大桥建筑工人George Killen的曾孙女拿着的纪念别针，我们听到了一个被遗忘的故事：一名工人如何无私地跳入冰冷的海港拯救朋友。事实证明，平凡也可以变得非凡)”可知，别针的例子用于阐明后文的观点——普通物品因其背后的人物和故事而变得非凡。故选B项。 19．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Some objects capture major moments in Australian history. (一些物品记录了澳大利亚历史上的重要时刻)”、第四段中“This doesn’t mean the project shies away from the dark aspects of our past. (这并不意味着该项目回避了我们过去的黑暗面)”和第五段中“It is an example of how storytelling can bridge divides, allow us to confront realities, and enable us to make choices that might go some way to addressing wrongs. (这是一个例子，说明讲故事可以弥合分歧，让我们面对现实，让我们做出可能在某种程度上纠正错误的选择)”可知，该项目既记录正面的重要时刻，也直面历史黑暗，希望人们可以面对现实，可推知Armstrong传达的讯息是“所有的历史事实都应该被承认”。故选D项。 20．细节理解题。根据最后一段“When I asked Armstrong what he hoped the project would achieve, he said: “I hope it gets people telling stories.” Whether you’re asking your grandma or your friends to share their extraordinary things, his advice is to “be eager to discover, be curious.” (当我问Armstrong他希望这个项目能达到什么目的时，他说：“我希望它能让人们讲故事。”无论你是让你的奶奶还是你的朋友分享他们非凡的事情，他的建议是“渴望发现，保持好奇。”)”可知，他鼓励观众以好奇心寻找故事。故选A项。 Passage 6 （2026·嘉兴·一模） We often find it hard to tear our eyes away from screens — an urge so intense that it messes with our focus and our cognitive (认知的) health, which is known as “brain rot”. The Oxford Dictionary defines it as the degradation of mental state due to overconsumption of online content. It refers to the dull stuff on social media and its negative impact on brain health. “There’s an arms race to develop digital content and platforms that can grab people’s attention and compete in a digital market,” says Adam Leventhal, a professor at the University of Southern California. “Digital content and platforms that win the arms race are increasingly addictive.” Dr. Leventhal adds, “They pull people into ‘digital addiction’ and expose consumers to unhealthy content.” Though not an official diagnosis (诊断), “brain rot” can cause cognitive and emotional problems. “Too much screen time can negatively affect attention, concentration, learning, memory, emotional regulation, and social functioning,” Dr. Manwell says. “Brain rot” occurs as screen time replaces activities beneficial to the brain, such as exercise and socializing. Passive, rapid scrolling while multitasking or trying to work or study at the same time also contributes, resulting in divided and reduced attentional resources and leading to poorer learning and memory capabilities. Manwell says, “There are often also corresponding effects on the brain such as reduced gray matter and white matter, leading to damaged processing capacity and efficiency.” To fight against “brain rot”, changes can be made. Manwell suggests altering digital media habits, like taking screen breaks and limiting certain apps. There are apps to track screen time and enforce digital detox. For long-term improvement, Manwell recommends replacing screen time with activities like meditation, exercise, and learning new skills. If screen use is work-related, find alternatives like printing materials or having in-person meetings. When on a screen, focus merely on the task to decline multitasking’s negative effects. Overall, being aware and making lifestyle adjustments can help prevent and reverse (逆转) the impact of “brain rot”. 21．According to the text, what do we know about “brain rot”? A．A kind of serious disease officially diagnosed by doctors. B．The loss of cognitive abilities caused by using digital platforms. C．The negative impact of overusing digital devices on physical health. D．The decline of mental well-being due to overconsuming online materials. 22．What can we infer from Adam Leventhal’s words? A．The competition among digital contents and platforms is fierce. B．Digital platforms are developed to help people improve their mental health. C．The digital content that wins the attention competition is usually less addictive. D．The development of digital content and platforms leads to some negative effects. 23．What does the underlined phrase “digital detox” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Using digital devices frequently. B．Taking a break from digital devices. C．Giving up using digital technologies. D．Replacing with advanced digital products. 24．What is the main theme of the text? A．The harms and solutions of “brain rot”. B．The effect of addictive digital platforms. C．The importance of socializing in daily life. D．The impact of “brain rot” on digital device. 【答案】21．D 22．D 23．B 24．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了过度使用数字设备导致的“脑退化”现象，其成因，并提出应对策略。 21．细节理解题。根据第一段“We often find it hard to tear our eyes away from screens — an urge so intense that it messes with our focus and our cognitive health, which is known as “brain rot”. The Oxford Dictionary defines it as the degradation of mental state due to overconsumption of online content. It refers to the dull stuff on social media and its negative impact on brain health. (我们常常发现很难将目光从屏幕上移开 —— 这种冲动如此强烈，以至于扰乱了我们的注意力和认知健康，这就是所谓的“脑疲劳”。《牛津词典》将其定义为由于过度消费网络内容而导致的精神状态退化。它指的是社交媒体上的那些无趣内容，以及这些内容对大脑健康产生的负面影响。)”可知，brain rot是由于过度消费网络材料导致的心理健康下降。故选D。 22．推理判断题。根据第二段中““Digital content and platforms that win the arms race are increasingly addictive.” Dr. Leventhal adds, “They pull people into ‘digital addiction’ and expose consumers to unhealthy content.” (“在数字竞争中胜出的数字内容和平台正变得越来越容易让人上瘾。”莱文索尔博士补充道，“它们将人们拖入‘数字成瘾’的漩涡，并让消费者接触到不健康的内容。”)”可知，数字内容和平台的发展导致了一些负面影响。故选D。 23．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Manwell suggests altering digital media habits, like taking screen breaks and limiting certain apps. There are apps to track screen time and enforce digital detox. (Manwell建议改变数字媒体习惯，比如屏幕休息和限制某些应用程序。有一些应用程序可以跟踪屏幕时间并强制进行digital detox。)”可知，Manwell建议限制使用屏幕时间，可推测出digital detox意思是“远离数字设备，从数字设备中休息一下”，与Taking a break from digital devices意思相符。故选B。 24．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“We often find it hard to tear our eyes away from screens — an urge so intense that it messes with our focus and our cognitive health, which is known as “brain rot”. The Oxford Dictionary defines it as the degradation of mental state due to overconsumption of online content. It refers to the dull stuff on social media and its negative impact on brain health. (我们常常发现很难将目光从屏幕上移开 —— 这种冲动如此强烈，以至于扰乱了我们的注意力和认知健康，这就是所谓的“脑疲劳”。《牛津词典》将其定义为由于过度消费网络内容而导致的精神状态退化。它指的是社交媒体上的那些无趣内容，以及这些内容对大脑健康产生的负面影响。)”可知，文章先是详细阐述了brain rot是什么以及它会引发认知和情感方面的问题等一系列负面后果， 比如影响注意力、 学习、记忆等，后面又着重介绍了为对抗brain rot可以采取的一些措施，像改变数字媒体使用习惯、用其他有益活动替代屏幕时间等。所以整体主题是围绕brain rot的危害以及解决办法展开的。故选A。 Passage 7 （2026·湖州·一模） I often catch myself asking my questions to AI chatbots with a “please” and a “thank you.” Apparently, I am not alone. A 2024 survey found that approximately 67% of U.S. AI users are also polite and show gratitude toward AI search engines. Some even joked about the cost: if every polite word consumes electricity, the bill must be high. OpenAI’s CEO Sam Altman replied: “Tens of millions of dollars well spent — you never know.” In reality, of course, AI chatbots do not appreciate politeness; they lack consciousness, feelings or social needs. From a purely utilitarian (功利主义的) standpoint, all those pleases and thank yous are just flushing money down the toilet. Still, there may be value that isn’t immediately measurable in showing gratitude toward AI. Psychologists Robert Emmons and Michael McCullough carried out an experiment in which they divided participants into three groups, asking the first to list things they are grateful for, while others listed daily troubles or simply kept journals. After 10 weeks, they found that the first group reported 25% higher happiness levels, stronger inner strength and even better physical health. What’s true of gratitude is also true of kindness and generosity more generally. Experiments at UC Riverside found that performing “five small acts of kindness per week” produced steady increases in happiness. This idea isn’t new. The medieval thinker Maimonides wrote that “it is better for a person to give one coin to a thousand poor people than to give a thousand coins to one poor person.” He believed that regular acts of goodness, like giving charity and expressing gratitude, make us happier in the long run by turning virtue into a habit. So perhaps all of our pleases and thank yous to AI have value, even if they cost OpenAI millions of dollars annually. Showing appreciation, even toward a machine, reinforces positive habits of courtesy (礼貌), patience and empathy. In our increasingly digital and automated world, preserving these human qualities may be more valuable than the cost of a little extra electricity. Ultimately, the beneficiary of our politeness isn’t the AI at all, but ourselves. 25．How does the author introduce the topic in paragraph 1? A．By quoting an expert. B．By telling a story. C．By presenting a phenomenon. D．By defining a concept. 26．What value of gratitude does the experiment in paragraph 3 show? A．It strengthens our bodies and minds. B．It reduces daily stress levels. C．It improves memory and creativity. D．It deepens social relationships. 27．Which of the following would Maimonides most likely approve of? A．Giving gifts to friends on birthdays. B．Making a large donation to a charity. C．Expressing gratitude on Thanksgiving Day. D．Volunteering weekly at a community kitchen. 28．What message does the author mainly convey in the text? A．Courtesy to AI saves electricity bills. B．AI improves the quality of human life. C．Politeness benefits humans rather than AI. D．AI learns empathy from human behavior. 【答案】25．C 26．A 27．D 28．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出很多人对AI礼貌，虽AI无感知且看似无用，但相关实验和观点表明，这种行为能培养人类礼貌、同理心等品质，最终受益者是人类自身。 25．推理判断题。根据第一段“I often catch myself asking my questions to AI chatbots with a “please” and a “thank you.” Apparently, I am not alone. A 2024 survey found that approximately 67% of U.S. AI users are also polite and show gratitude toward AI search engines. Some even joked about the cost: if every polite word consumes electricity, the bill must be high. OpenAI’s CEO Sam Altman replied: “Tens of millions of dollars well spent — you never know.”(我常常会发现自己在向人工智能聊天机器人提问时会加上“请”和“谢谢”这样的词语。显然，我不是唯一一个这样做的。2024年的一项调查发现，大约67%的美国人工智能用户也会对人工智能搜索引擎表现出礼貌和感激之情。有些人甚至开玩笑说这要花费不少钱：如果每一个礼貌的词语都要消耗电能，那账单肯定很高。OpenAI的首席执行官萨姆·阿尔特曼回应道：“这花费了数千万美元——谁知道呢。”)”并结合下文对“对AI礼貌能培养人的礼貌、同理心等品质”的陈述可知，作者在第一段通过描述一个现象引入话题。故选C。 26．细节理解题。根据第三段“Still, there may be value that isn’t immediately measurable in showing gratitude toward AI. Psychologists Robert Emmons and Michael McCullough carried out an experiment in which they divided participants into three groups, asking the first to list things they are grateful for, while others listed daily troubles or simply kept journals. After 10 weeks, they found that the first group reported 25% higher happiness levels, stronger inner strength and even better physical health.( 不过，对人工智能表示感激所体现的价值可能并非是能够立即衡量出来的。心理学家罗伯特·埃蒙斯和迈克尔·麦卡洛开展了一项实验，他们将参与者分为三组，要求第一组列出他们所感激的事情，而其他两组则分别记录日常烦恼或只是进行日常日记记录。10周后，他们发现第一组的幸福感水平提高了25%，内心力量更强，身体状况也更好)”可知，第三段中的实验表明了感恩能增强我们的身体和心智。故选A。 27．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“He believed that regular acts of goodness, like giving charity and expressing gratitude, make us happier in the long run by turning virtue into a habit.(他认为，定期的善举，比如进行慈善捐赠和表达感激之情，会通过将美德转化为习惯而使我们长期感到更幸福)”可知，迈蒙尼德认同每周到社区厨房做志愿服务的做法。故选D。 28．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Showing appreciation, even toward a machine, reinforces positive habits of courtesy (礼貌), patience and empathy. In our increasingly digital and automated world, preserving these human qualities may be more valuable than the cost of a few extra electricity. Ultimately, the beneficiary of our politeness isn’t the AI at all, but ourselves.(向机器表达感激之情，哪怕只是向一台机器表示感谢，也能强化我们养成的礼貌、耐心和同理心等良好习惯。在我们这个日益数字化和自动化的世界里，保持这些人性特质可能比多消耗一些电能更有价值。最终，我们礼貌行为的受益者并非那台人工智能，而是我们自己)”可知，作者在这篇文章中主要传达了礼貌对人类有益，而非对人工智能有益。故选C。 Passage 8 （2026·稽阳联谊·一模） With the help of artificial intelligence, MIT researchers have developed new antibiotics (抗生素) capable of combating two dangerous drug-resistant bacteria: Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) . Using generative AI models, the team designed over 36 million potential compounds and screened them for antibacterial properties. The most promising candidates exhibit unique chemical structures distinct from existing antibiotics and function by disrupting bacterial cell walls — a novel mechanism of action. This innovative approach allows scientists to explore previously uncharted chemical territories. Professor James Collins, senior author of the study, stated, “Our work demonstrates AI’s power in drug design and enables us to access much larger chemical spaces.” This breakthrough comes at a critical time when antibiotic resistance causes nearly 5 million global deaths annually, while few truly new antibiotics have reached the market in recent decades. The researchers tried two different approaches with AI. First, they asked the AI to design molecules (分子) based on a known antibacterial fragment, which produced a compound called NG1. This compound successfully treated drug-resistant gonorrhea in laboratory tests and in mice. Second, they allowed the AI to freely create new molecules, which led to another compound named DN1 that cured MRSA skin infections in mice. Both compounds work by attacking bacterial cell walls, making them effective against drug-resistant strains. These discoveries provide new hope for solving the antibiotic resistance crisis. A nonprofit organization is now working to improve these compounds for possible human use, while the research team plans to use their AI method to fight other dangerous bacteria in the future. 29．How do the newly created antibiotics work? A．By changing the genes of bacteria. B．By stopping bacteria from reproducing. C．By damaging the structure of bacteria. D．By strengthening human immune cells. 30．What does the underlined word “uncharted” in paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Unexplored. B．Dangerous. C．Remote. D．Unclaimed. 31．Which statement about the two AI approaches is true? A．The two approaches targeted the same bacteria. B．Both approaches produced the same compound. C．One was guided while the other was autonomous. D．One was meaningful while the other was controversial. 32．What is the attitude of the research team towards the future of their AI method? A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Indifferent. D．Conservative. 【答案】29．C 30．A 31．C 32．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了麻省理工学院研究人员借助人工智能开发出新型抗生素，有望应对耐药菌危机。 29．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The most promising candidates exhibit unique chemical structures distinct from existing antibiotics and function by disrupting bacterial cell walls — a novel mechanism of action.(最有前途的候选药物表现出与现有抗生素不同的独特化学结构，其作用机制是通过破坏细菌细胞壁——一种新的作用机制。)”可知，新研发的抗生素通过破坏细菌结构起作用。故选C。 30．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“This innovative approach allows scientists to explore previously uncharted chemical territories. Professor James Collins, senior author of the study, stated, “Our work demonstrates AI’s power in drug design and enables us to access much larger chemical spaces.”(这种创新的方法使科学家能够探索以前uncharted化学领域。该研究的资深作者James Collins教授表示：“我们的工作展示了人工智能在药物设计中的力量，使我们能够进入更大的化学空间。”)”可知，这种创新方法使科学家能够探索以前未探索过的化学领域，故uncharted意思是“未探索的”。故选A。 31．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The researchers tried two different approaches with AI. First, they asked the AI to design molecules based on a known antibacterial fragment, which produced a compound called NG1.(研究人员尝试了两种不同的人工智能方法。首先，他们让人工智能根据已知的抗菌片段设计分子，产生了一种名为NG1的化合物。)”以及“Second, they allowed the AI to freely create new molecules, which led to another compound named DN1 that cured MRSA skin infections in mice.(其次，他们允许人工智能自由创造新的分子，这导致了另一种名为DN1的化合物，可以治愈小鼠的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌皮肤感染。)”可知，关于这两种人工智能方法，一个是有指导的，另一个是自主的。故选C。 32．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“A nonprofit organization is now working to improve these compounds for possible human use, while the research team plans to use their AI method to fight other dangerous bacteria in the future.(一个非营利组织目前正在努力改进这些化合物，以便可能用于人类，而研究小组计划在未来使用他们的人工智能方法来对抗其他危险细菌。)”可知，研究团队对他们的人工智能方法的未来持积极态度。故选B。 主题02人与自我 Passage 9 （2026·县域教研·一模） In today’s world, it can feel difficult to concentrate when your smartphone buzzes (嗡嗡响) every minute or two with reminders about updates, messages and much more. How can anyone get through a 500-page book when our brain is addicted to bite-sized content? Gloria Mark, professor at the University of California, has spent much of her career analysing how this affects us. She has used sensors to track attention duration on screens. When the studies started, in 2004, screen attention duration was about two-and-a-half minutes, but recently, has dropped to 47 seconds. According to Prof Mark, there were “a lot of things” that had made people more distracted. “When you switch your attention duration so rapidly, there are more errors. It takes longer to do any task and people get more stressed.” Aside from making us perform tasks less effectively, the ease with which we get distracted by one thing or another on the internet also means that we can waste time that could be spent on activities considered more worthwhile. People who have attention disorder tend to have less grey matter in brain’s parietal cortex (顶叶皮层), highlighted Nilli Lavie, professor of psychology and brain sciences at University College London. “We see greater grey matter volume in certain regions of the brain for people with a better attentional capacity,” Prof Lavie said. The good news is that while research has indicated that in today’s world we switch our attention more often than in the past, this change is not thought to have become hard-wired in our brains. “The solution is simple: first, decide to focus, then use strategies to remove distractions,” Prof Lavie said. Related to this, one strategy is to set an alarm that will go off after, for example, 20 minutes. And Prof Mark advises people to look ahead to the end of the day and to consider how they might spend time then, such as relaxing on the sofa after completing their work. “I want to feel accomplished because I’ve done my work,” she said. “That can help people stay on track.” 33．What is the main problem described in paragraph 1? A．People find it a struggle to focus. B．Bite-sized contents are addictive. C．Long passages are outdated. D．Smartphones often disturb people. 34．What can we know about the online distractions? A．They cause permanent changes to human brain. B．They have similar influences on different people. C．They increase the possibility for people to make errors. D．They offer people convenience to deal with various affairs. 35．What does Prof. Mark advise in the last paragraph? A．Set frequent alarms to take short breaks. B．Create a flexible timetable to work efficiently. C．Visualize after-work leisure time to keep daily focus. D．Seek a relaxing environment to minimize distractions. 36．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Save Your Brain to Stay Relaxed B．Can We Reclaim Our Lost Focus? C．Why Are We Losing Concentration? D．Bite-sized Reading Ruined Our Brains 【答案】33．A 34．C 35．C 36．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了现代人注意力分散的现状，该问题带来的影响，以及科学应对的方法。 33．细节理解题。根据第一段“In today’s world, it can feel difficult to concentrate when your smartphone buzzes (嗡嗡响) every minute or two with reminders about updates, messages and much more. How can anyone get through a 500-page book when our brain is addicted to bite-sized content? (在当今世界，手机每隔一两分钟就会弹出更新、消息之类的提醒，嗡嗡作响，想集中注意力都难。我们的大脑都沉迷于碎片化内容了，谁还能啃得下一本500页的书呢？)”可知，该段描述人们发现集中注意力很困难的问题。故选A项。 34．细节理解题。根据第三段中“When you switch your attention duration so rapidly, there are more errors. (当你的注意力切换得如此频繁时，就更容易出现失误。)”可知，网络干扰增加了人们犯错的可能性。故选C项。 35．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“And Prof Mark advises people to look ahead to the end of the day and to consider how they might spend time then, such as relaxing on the sofa after completing their work. “I want to feel accomplished because I’ve done my work,” she said. “That can help people stay on track.” (Mark教授建议人们展望一天的结束，考虑一下他们会如何度过这段时间，比如在完成工作后躺在沙发上放松一下。“我想要成就感，因为我完成了我的工作，”她说。“这可以帮助人们保持正确的方向。”)”可知，Mark教授建议人们预想每天下班后的休闲时间，以此帮助保持专注。故选C项。 36．主旨大意题。文章聚焦注意力分散的问题，首先指出智能手机和碎片化内容导致现代人注意力持续时间缩短，再分析其负面影响，最后提出通过主动专注策略来改善注意力问题。因此，B项“我们能重拾失去的专注吗？”包含问题与希望，最适合作为文章标题。故选B项。 Passage 10 （2026·“9 + 1” 联盟·一模） Many think that language is what sets humans apart from other animals, and that for us to think, language is a decisive factor. British philosopher Bertrand Russell even claimed in 1948 that no intelligent thinking can take place without language. However, a recent study in Nature suggests otherwise. It found that language and thought are two distinct entities, working in separate parts of the brain. They are, in short, “far more independent than we imagined”, wrote ZME Science. The study, conducted by scientists from the US, explored the language-thought relationship through two research approaches. First, they studied patients suffering from global aphasia, who had lost much of their ability to understand or speak due to damage to the left hemisphere of their brain. However, they can still complete complex tasks. “You can ask people with global aphasia to solve math problems or perform social reasoning tests, and as long as the instructions are non-verbal, they can succeed,” Evelina Fedorenko, one of the study’s authors from the US Massachusetts Institute of Technology, told ZME Science. The researchers also used brain-imaging tools to study the brains of healthy volunteers as they performed non-verbal tasks, like solving puzzles and planning. It was found that the brain’s language regions were mostly inactive during such activities. In other words, we generally need language to express our thoughts but we can still think without words. So, if language isn’t necessary for thinking, then why did humans develop it? Fedorenko said language serves mainly as a tool for communication. “Most of the things that you probably learned about the world, you learned through language and not through direct experience with the world,” she said. By being able to share complex information through language, humans gained an evolutionary advantage. Although language does not give rise to thoughts, past research shows that how we speak can heavily influence how we think. For example, the English sentence “he fired the gun” is usually phrased as “the gun went off” in Japanese. As a result, English speakers are more likely to focus on the person responsible for an accident than Japanese speakers, according to Psychology Today. 37．What is the main purpose of the study mentioned in the passage? A．To prove that language is essential for intelligent thinking. B．To examine the relationship between language and thought. C．To develop new treatments for patients with global aphasia. D．To identify the brain regions responsible for non-verbal reasoning. 38．What did brain-imaging tools reveal about healthy volunteers performing non-verbal task? A．They struggled with problem-solving. B．Their language centers became overactive. C．Their language regions showed little activity. D．They would unconsciously use verbal strategies. 39．How can language serve humans, according to Fedorenko? A．It helps humans generate thoughts. B．It decides humans’ evolutionary direction. C．It replaces direct experience with the world. D．It facilitates the exchange of complicated ideas. 40．What is the main idea of the text? A．Thought can operate independently from language. B．Language plays a decisive role in shaping human thought. C．Language and thought are deeply interdependent in the brain. D．The absence of language makes complex thought impossible. 【答案】37．B 38．C 39．D 40．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过研究发现，语言和思维是独立的大脑功能，思维无需语言也可进行。语言主要是交流工具，帮助人类传递复杂信息获得进化优势，但思维活动与语言区域关联不大。 37．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“However, a recent study in Nature suggests otherwise. It found that language and thought are two distinct entities, working in separate parts of the brain.(然而，最近发表在《自然》杂志上的一项研究提出了不同的观点。研究发现，语言和思维是两个不同的实体，在大脑的不同部位工作)”以及第二段中的“The study, conducted by scientists from the US, explored the language-thought relationship through two research approaches.(这项由美国科学家进行的研究通过两种研究方法探索了语言与思维的关系)”可知，文章提到的这项研究的主要目的是检查语言和思维之间的关系。故选B项。 38．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The researchers also used brain-imaging tools to study the brains of healthy volunteers as they performed non-verbal tasks, like solving puzzles and planning. It was found that the brain’s language regions were mostly inactive during such activities.(研究人员还使用大脑成像工具研究了健康志愿者在执行非语言任务(如解谜和规划)时的大脑。研究发现，大脑的语言区域在这样的活动中大多是不活跃的)”可知，大脑成像工具显示，健康志愿者在进行非语言任务时，他们的大脑语言区域几乎没有活动。故选C项。 39．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Fedorenko said language serves mainly as a tool for communication. ‘Most of the things that you probably learned about the world, you learned through language and not through direct experience with the world,’ she said. By being able to share complex information through language, humans gained an evolutionary advantage.(Fedorenko说，语言主要作为一种交流工具。“你可能了解到的关于世界的大部分事情，都是通过语言而不是通过与世界的直接接触学到的，”她说。通过能够通过语言分享复杂的信息，人类获得了进化上的优势)”可知，根据Fedorenko的说法，语言可以促进复杂思想的交流，从而为人类服务。故选D项。 40．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“However, a recent study in Nature suggests otherwise. It found that language and thought are two distinct entities, working in separate parts of the brain.(然而，最近发表在《自然》杂志上的一项研究提出了不同的观点。研究发现，语言和思维是两个不同的实体，在大脑的不同部位工作)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了语言和思维之间的关系，研究表明，思维可以在没有语言的情况下独立运作。A选项“Thought can operate independently from language.(思想可以独立于语言而存在)”概括文章主要内容，符合题意。故选A项。 Passage 11 （2026·精诚联盟·一模） People casually describe themselves as people-pleasers as they might describe their hair color or music preference. However, people-pleasing can be a very real mental health problem, often associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (强迫症). Approval-seeking behavior is self-injurious by nature. To satisfy this obsession, we must be inauthentic (不真实的) and reduced versions of ourselves, overly vigilant of the preferences of others. Essentially, our main compulsion is avoidance of causing distress in others. Few things make me shake more than a confrontation (对抗). I see this behavior as a response to my childhood, which was filled with intense fear. My single parent had weekly moments of being angry and abusive. I learned early on that my safety depended on my mother’s view of me. So I began to predict what my mother wanted me to do and say. By the time I was in middle school, over-apologizing and shifting my personality to please others became firmly established in my social behavior. For most adult people-pleasers, including me, it feels natural to cling on to (依赖) the comfort of agreeability. Even with my own children, I give up my own authority. I recently noticed that when I say the word “no,” my voice strikes an uncomfortable register. I challenge and displease my clients, but only because it is demanded for effective treatment. People-pleasing is clearly holding me back; but what makes me cling on? I am starting to realize that I am avoiding the uncertainty of people’s reactions. When I am universally agreeable, I rarely have to go outside my comfort zone in interpersonal dynamics. Authentic interactivity with others requires taking a risk. Displeased people are stressful. So the key seems to be exposure. The more interactions I experience where I am not pleasing others, the more comfort I gain with this dynamic. As I practice saying “no,” my voice will naturally deepen. Confidence will come with repetition. Yes, people’s negative reactions are uncertain, but not dangerous. The less I people-please, the more I will welcome growth into my interpersonal relationships. The challenge of others is, in fact, a joyous opportunity. 41．What does the underlined word “vigilant” in the first paragraph mean? A．Tired. B．Fond. C．Uncertain. D．Mindful. 42．Why does the author mention her childhood? A．To justify her approval-seeking behavior. B．To offer an example of people-pleasing behavior. C．To explain the reason for her people-pleasing behavior. D．To stress the effect of family education on one’s social behavior. 43．What prevents the author from getting rid of people-pleasing? A．Her dislike of her authentic self. B．Her fear of facing displeased people. C．Her ignorance of interpersonal dynamics. D．Her misunderstanding of the comfort zone. 44．What does the author suggest to deal with people-pleasing? A．Practice authenticity. B．Interact more with others. C．Ignore people’s negative reactions. D．Seek comfort from existing relationships. 【答案】41．D 42．C 43．B 44．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了取悦他人这一行为背后的心理原因及其影响，并提出了应对策略。 41．词句猜测题。根据第一段“To satisfy this obsession, we must be inauthentic and reduced versions of ourselves, overly vigilant of the preferences of others.(为了满足这种执念，我们不得不压抑真实的自我，活成一个“缩水版”的自己，还得时刻高度______他人的喜好。)”可知，讨好型人格的人为了迎合他人，会时刻留意他人的喜好。由此可知，vigilant意为“留意的”。故选D。 42．推理判断题。根据第二段“I see this behavior as a response to my childhood, which was filled with intense fear. My single parent had weekly moments of being angry and abusive. I learned early on that my safety depended on my mother’s view of me. So I began to predict what my mother wanted me to do and say.(我认为这种讨好行为源于我那段充满极度恐惧的童年。我的单亲母亲每周都会有几次发怒、谩骂的时刻。我很小就意识到，自己能否平安度日，全取决于母亲对我的看法。于是，我开始揣测母亲希望我做什么、说什么。)”可知，作者提到她的童年是为了解释她取悦他人的行为的原因。故选C。 43．细节理解题。根据第四段“People-pleasing is clearly holding me back; but what makes me cling on? I am starting to realize that I am avoiding the uncertainty of people’s reactions. When I am universally agreeable, I rarely have to go outside my comfort zone in interpersonal dynamics. Authentic interactivity with others requires taking a risk. Displeased people are stressful.(讨好型人格显然在阻碍我的发展，但究竟是什么让我难以摆脱它呢？我渐渐意识到，我是在逃避他人反应的不确定性。当我一味迎合所有人时，在人际交往中就几乎不用走出自己的舒适区。与他人进行真诚的互动，本身就需要承担风险。面对那些面露不悦的人，我总会感到压力重重。)”可知，难以摆脱讨好型人格，是因为害怕面对他人反应的不确定性，以及他人不悦时给自己带来的压力。故选B。 44．推理判断题。根据最后一段“So the key seems to be exposure. The more interactions I experience where I am not pleasing others, the more comfort I gain with this dynamic. As I practice saying “no,” my voice will naturally deepen. Confidence will come with repetition. (因此，解决问题的关键似乎在于主动尝试。我经历的拒绝讨好他人的互动越多，就越能适应这种相处模式。当我反复练习说 “不” 时，语气自然会变得坚定有力。自信会在一次次的练习中逐渐建立。)”可知，作者提出解决方法是“exposure”，也就是主动尝试不讨好他人的互动，练习说 “不”。这些做法的核心都是展现真实的自我。故选A。 Passage 12 （2026·“9+1”联盟·一模） Second place is just the first loser. While the competitive spirit may be as natural as breathing air, it doesn’t always lead to human flourishing and can create misery. Fortunately, there is a formula to solve this problem: instead of always going for gold, shoot for the bronze. Though second place may be the first loser, third place can be the real winner regarding happiness and longevity. In a 1995 study, scholars systematically coded the emotional reactions of silver and bronze medalists in the 1992 Summer Olympic Games. Using slow-motion footage captured both immediately after their events and later on the awards podium (领奖台), researchers found the bronze winners appeared consistently happier on average than the silver medalists. Over 80% of bronze medalists exhibited genuine smiles, a figure that was nearly double that observed among silver medalists. Moreover, every bronze medalist’s smile lasted longer than the average smile observed among the silver medalists. More recent research has looked at the life span of all three medalist categories. A 2018 study tracked the average longevity of those representing the U.S. in the Olympic Games from 1904 to 1936 and found that the athlete whose best performance was silver lived to 72. Gold medalists beat this by four years, living to 76. But first prize in longevity went to the bronze medalists, who lived to 78. The study had a handy explanation for this discrepancy: “Unsatisfactory competition outcomes may adversely affect health.” In other words, silver medalists see themselves as the first loser because they look up to the top step and compare themselves only with the gold medalists, whereas the bronze winners compare themselves favorably with all the others who never made it onto the podium at all. This theory shows the difference between upward and downward social comparison. When we compare ourselves with those who have more money, power, or achievements, we often feel like, well, losers. It tends to lower motivation and increase stress. In contrast, downward comparison makes people feel better about themselves and, thus, happier. The worldly happiness strategy of striving for gold every day is foolish. It tends to lower the intrinsic motivation, and thus enjoyment that people obtain from their activities. The principle at work here is trying to improve your own past performance and the only person to whom you will have to compare yourself is you. 45．What can be learned from the 1995 study? A．Silver medalists showed less happiness than bronze winners. B．Silver medalists’ smiling frequency was close to that of gold medalists. C．The average bronze medalist’s smile lasted longer than every silver medalist’s. D．The emotions of both medalists were unchanged from the events to the podium. 46．What is the cause of the difference in medalists’ life span? A．The stress from downward social comparison. B．The motivation from upward social comparison. C．The effect of different types of social comparison. D．The failure to look up to the top after the competition. 47．What does the writer advise us to do to achieve happiness? A．Learn from the top performers. B．Try to be the best in every field. C．Commit to one’s consistent personal growth. D．Strengthen the motivation to obtain achievement. 48．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The Triumph of Coming in Third B．The Problem of Human Competition C．The Mechanism of Social Comparison D．The Psychology of the Olympic Medalists 【答案】45．A 46．C 47．C 48．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了研究发现铜牌获得者在幸福程度和长寿方面是真正的赢家，因为银牌得主将自己看作第一个失败者，他们向上比较，而铜牌得主将自己与所有那些没得奖的人比较，他们向下比较。 45．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Using slow-motion footage captured both immediately after their events and later on the awards podium (讲台), researchers found the bronze winners appeared consistently happier on average than the silver medalists. Over 80% of bronze medalists exhibited genuine smiles, a figure that was nearly double that observed among silver medalists. Moreover, every bronze medalist’s smile lasted longer than the average smile observed among the silver medalists.(研究人员慢动作镜头捕捉了紧跟比赛结束后和稍后在颁奖台上的情况，发现铜牌获得者的平均表现的开心程度一直高于银牌获得者。超过80%的铜牌获得者展现出真诚的笑容，这一数字几乎是银牌获得者的两倍。此外，每位铜牌获得者的笑容都比银牌获得者的平均笑容持续的时间长。)”可知，1995年的研究发现铜牌得主比银牌得主表现得更开心，也就是说银牌得主没有铜牌得主表现得开心。故选A。 46．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The study had a handy explanation for this discrepancy: “Unsatisfactory competition outcomes may adversely affect health.” In other words, silver medalists see themselves as the first loser because they look up to the top step and compare themselves only with the gold medalists, whereas the bronze winners compare themselves favorably with all the others who never made it onto the podium at all. This theory shows the difference between upward and downward social comparison.(这项研究对这种差异有一个方便的解释：“不令人满意的比赛结果可能会对健康产生不利影响。”换句话说，银牌获得者认为自己是第一个失败者，因为他们仰望最高台阶，只将自己与金牌获得者进行比较，而铜牌获得者则将自己与所有从未登上领奖台的人进行比较。这一理论表明了向上和向下社会比较之间的差异。)”可知，奖牌得主寿命的差异反映了不同奖牌得主向上和向下社会比较之间的心理差异。故选C。 47．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The principle at work here is trying to improve your own past performance and the only person to whom you will have to compare yourself is you.(这里起作用的原则是努力提高自己过去的表现，你唯一需要与之比较的人就是你自己。)”可知，要致力于提高自我，与自己比较，由此可推测，作者建议要致力于个人的不断成长。故选C。 48．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的“Though second place may be the first loser, third place can be the real winner regarding happiness and longevity.(虽然第二名可能是第一个失败者，但在幸福和长寿方面，第三名可能是真正的赢家。)”可知，本文主要讲述了第三名在幸福和长寿方面是真正的赢家，并通过研究证实这一观点，反映了他们向上和向下社会比较的心理差异，呼吁专注自我提高、与自己比较。所以A项“第三名的胜利”最适合作本文标题。故选A。 Passage 13 （2026·温州·一模） Why do some people keep making harmful choices, even when the outcomes are obvious? A new study by UNSW Sydney’s Dr Bressel found that for a small group, the issue isn’t lack of motivation or ability, but rather a subtle (微妙的) but persistent failure to connect their actions with its consequences. The paper, published recently in Nature Communications Psychology, details an online learning game where participants were asked to click between two planets for rewards or to avoid punishment. Researchers observed three behavioural types: Sensitives (avoid bad choices), Unawares (adjust strategies after being told their errors) and Compulsives (still make wrong choices even after learning their mistakes). “Some people don’t learn from experience. Even when motivated to avoid harm, they fail to see their behaviour causes problems,” said Dr Bressel. This study followed past research, which only focused on Australian psychology students, but had key differences: 267 participants from 24 countries (including over 50-year-olds), six-month follow-ups, and post-game surveys on their choices. The same behavioural profiles emerged across cultures and ages. In Australian studies, 35% were Sensitives, 41% Unawares, 23% Compulsives; in the new study, 26% Sensitives, 47% Unawares, 27% Compulsives. Dr Bressel linked more Compulsives to older participants, as cognitive (认知的) flexibility declines with age. Interestingly, when participants were invited back to play the same game six months later, most showed the same behavioural profile. “That was striking,” said Bressel. “These aren’t just random mistakes. They’re almost like personality types. This is not to say they’re fixed, just that they may require intervention to break.” Researchers confirmed Compulsives’ choices weren’t habits: participants could explain their wrong choices. This points to a deeper issue — a failure to integrate new knowledge to minimise bad outcomes. Dr Bressel noted real life is more complex than the game, but the pattern of ignoring experience and information matches compulsory behaviours. The research has important implications for public health messaging. Many campaigns rely on providing information — about smoking, drinking or financial risks — with the assumption that people will act on it. But this study suggests that for some, information alone isn’t enough. “Standard information campaigns work for most — but not for everyone,” Dr Bressel said. “For compulsive individuals, we may need different intervention.” 49．What were participants expected to do in the online learning game? A．Make choices. B．Win awards. C．Observe behaviour. D．Identify errors. 50．What is a striking finding of the new study? A．Cognition declines with age. B．Unawares account for the largest. C．Behavioural patterns are consistent. D．Mistakes influence personality types. 51．What does the author suggest for public health campaigns? A．Increasing lecture frequency. B．Reviewing behavioural errors. C．Developing tailored strategies. D．Enhancing information accuracy. 52．Which is the best title for the text? A．Learning Risks, Behaving Safer. B．Knowing Better, Doing Worse. C．Recognizing Habits, Acting Well. D．Understanding Rules, Breaking All. 【答案】49．A 50．C 51．C 52．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了悉尼新南威尔士大学研究发现，部分人明知后果仍做有害选择，因无法将行为与后果关联，其行为模式跨文化年龄一致，公共卫生宣传需定制策略。 49．细节理解题。根据第二段“The paper, published recently in Nature Communications Psychology, details an online learning game where participants were asked to click between two planets for rewards or to avoid punishment.(这篇近期发表于《自然·通讯·心理学》的论文描述了一款在线学习游戏，该游戏要求参与者在两个星球之间点击以获取奖励，或者避免受到惩罚)”可知，参与者在这款在线学习游戏中被期望做出选择。故选A。 50．细节理解题。根据第三段“Interestingly, when participants were invited back to play the same game six months later, most showed the same behavioural profile. “That was striking,” said Bressel.(有趣的是，当参与者在六个月后再次被邀请参与同样的游戏时，大多数人的行为表现都与之前一致。“这令人印象深刻。”布雷塞尔说道)”可知，这项新研究的显著发现是行为模式保持一致。故选C。 51．细节理解题。根据最后一段““Standard information campaigns work for most — but not for everyone,” Dr Bressel said. “For compulsive individuals, we may need different intervention.”(布雷塞尔博士表示：“常规的信息宣传对大多数人有效，但并非对所有人都适用。对于那些有强迫性行为的人，我们可能需要采取不同的干预措施。”)”可知，作者建议公共卫生宣传不能一刀切，需为“强迫型”人群制定“量身定制的策略”。故选C。 52．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Why do some people keep making harmful choices, even when the outcomes are obvious? A new study by UNSW Sydney’s Dr Bressel found that for a small group, the issue isn’t lack of motivation or ability, but rather a subtle (微妙的) but persistent failure to connect their actions with its consequences.(为什么有些人会不断做出有害的选择，即便结果已经一目了然？新南威尔士大学悉尼分校的布雷塞尔博士开展的一项研究发现，对于一小部分人而言，问题并不在于缺乏动力或能力，而是在于他们一直未能将自己的行为与其后果联系起来)”结合文章主要说明了悉尼新南威尔士大学研究发现，部分人明知后果仍做有害选择，因无法将行为与后果关联，其行为模式跨文化年龄一致，公共卫生宣传需定制策略。可知，B选项“明知道后果，却做出有害选择”最符合文章标题。故选B。 Passage 14 （2026·湖州·一模） How fast do you listen? Hollywood actor Glen Powell likes 1x listening speed, saying, “I want to hear people talk at a normal human rate,” while American comedian Bowen Yang believes 1.8x is the perfect pace. Their debate went viral earlier this year in an advertisement for a streaming platform, which was criticized for suggesting that people who listen quickly are unusual. The controversy reflects a broader change in how people consume digital media. Surveys support this observation. A survey showed that 31% of Americans aged 18-29 listen faster than 1x, compared with only 8% of those over 45. To meet this demand, many platforms such as Apple, Spotify, Netflix and YouTube now provide fast playback (播放) options. Some even allow speeds up to 4x for premium users. The appeal is easy to understand: faster playback can save a large amount of time. YouTube once reported that its viewers together saved more than 900 years per day thanks to this feature. For busy students and workers, such efficiency is attractive. But does speeding affect comprehension? The average person speaks at a rate of about 150 words per minute, but most brains are capable of processing information faster than that, says Marcus Pearce, a cognitive scientist at Queen Mary University of London. A recent meta-analysis led by academics at the University of Waterloo in Canada found that up to 1.5x there was not much of a difference in performance, although scores started to decrease noticeably as playback speeds approached or exceeded 2x. The practice has also raised different opinions. From the platforms’ perspective, faster speeds mean users consume more content, which increases advertising income. But many performers argue that something artistic is lost. Reading aloud involves pacing, tone and pause, and rushing may damage the quality of a performance. Imagine the famous monologues (独白) in Hamlet delivered at double speed — much of the meaning would disappear. Despite the disagreements, fast playback has become part of daily life for many people. For them, to speed or not to speed is no longer a real question. 53．What can be learned about the controversy from paragraph 1? A．An advertisement is well received. B．People prefer different listening speeds. C．Digital media is a topic of much debate. D．Streaming platforms are part of daily life. 54．Why did many platforms introduce faster playback options? A．To attract more elderly listeners. B．To respond to the users’ needs. C．To help people’s comprehension. D．To cut content production costs. 55．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Hamlet? A．To stress fast speed harms art. B．To show people favor classic works. C．To prove actors dislike fast playback. D．To suggest modern audiences lack patience. 56．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The need for fast playback B．The argument over an advertisement C．Higher speed, more profit D．Speedier streaming, less meaning 【答案】53．B 54．B 55．A 56．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章围绕数字媒体快速播放展开，介绍了不同人群的速度偏好、平台推出该功能的原因，以及其节省时间的优势与超2倍速影响理解、损害艺术性的争议。 53．细节理解题。根据第一段“How fast do you listen? Hollywood actor Glen Powell likes 1x listening speed, saying, “I want to hear people talk at a normal human rate,” while American comedian Bowen Yang believes 1.8x is the perfect pace. Their debate went viral earlier this year in an advertisement for a streaming platform, which was criticized for suggesting that people who listen quickly are unusual. The controversy reflects a broader change in how people consume digital media.(你听的速度有多快？好莱坞演员格伦·鲍威尔喜欢以1倍的速度听，他说道：“我希望听到人们以正常的人类语速说话。”而美国喜剧演员鲍文·杨则认为1.8倍的速度才是最理想的节奏。今年早些时候，他们关于此话题的讨论在一家流媒体平台的广告中广为传播，该广告因暗示快速听的人很不寻常而受到批评。这场争议反映了人们消费数字媒体方式的更广泛变化)”可知，人们对收听速度的偏好存在差异。故选B。 54．细节理解题。根据第二段“Surveys support this observation. A survey showed that 31% of Americans aged 18-29 listen faster than 1x, compared with only 8% of those over 45. To meet this demand, many platforms such as Apple, Spotify, Netflix and YouTube now provide fast playback (播放) options. Some even allow speeds up to 4x for premium users.(调查结果也证实了这一观点。一项调查显示，18至29岁的美国人中有31%的用户播放速度超过1倍，而45岁以上的用户中这一比例仅为 8%。为了满足这一需求，像苹果、Spotify、Netflix 和YouTube这样的许多平台现在都提供了快速播放选项。有些平台甚至为付费用户提供了高达4倍的播放速度)”可知，许多平台都推出了更快的播放选项是为了满足用户的需求。故选B。 55．细节理解题。根据第五段“The practice has also raised different opinions. From the platforms’ perspective, faster speeds mean users consume more content, which increases advertising income. But many performers argue that something artistic is lost. Reading aloud involves pacing, tone and pause, and rushing may damage the quality of a performance. Imagine the famous monologues (独白) in Hamlet delivered at double speed — much of the meaning would disappear.(这种做法也引发了不同的观点。从平台的角度来看，更快的播放速度意味着用户会收听收看更多内容，从而增加了广告收入。但许多表演者则认为，艺术性的东西会有所损失。朗读需要节奏、语调和停顿，匆忙进行可能会损害表演的质量。想象一下，在《哈姆雷特》中那些著名的独白以两倍的速度朗读——其中大部分含义都会消失)”可知，作者提及哈姆雷特的目的是强调速度过快会损害艺术。故选A。 56．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是最后一段“Despite the disagreements, fast playback has become part of daily life for many people. For them, to speed or not to speed is no longer a real question.(尽管存在分歧，但快速回放已经成为许多人日常生活的一部分。对他们来说，加速或不加速不再是一个真正的问题)”可知，开篇通过名人争论引出 “播放速度” 争议，反映数字媒体消费习惯变化。中间介绍快速播放的普及（用户需求驱动）、优势（节省时间）、争议（影响理解、损害艺术）。结尾强调快速播放已成为许多人的日常生活一部分。因此推断全文围绕 “快速播放” 的需求、普及、争议展开，核心是 “快速播放的必要性与相关讨论”，选项 A（The need for fast playback）最能概括主旨。故选A。 Passage 15 （2026·宁波·一模） David Uttal, a scientist at Northwestern University, has always been poor at finding his way. At 13, he got lost on a Boy Scout hike for two and a half days. The world is full of people like Uttal- and their opposites, the folks who always seem to know exactly where they are and how to get where they want to go. These differences are obvious, but explaining them has proved challenging. Now, research using virtual reality suggests that to some extent, navigational (导航的) skills are shaped by upbringing. A 2020 study highlighted this. The researchers compared the performance of more than 2,600 twins as they navigated through a virtual environment to test whether navigational ability runs in families. It does, they found — but only modestly. Instead, the biggest contributor to people’s performance was what geneticists call “nonshared environmental factors” — the unique experiences each person accumulates as their life unfolds. Good navigators, it appears, are mostly made, not born. Another large-scale experiment provided further insight. Researchers developed a smartphone game, “Sea Hero Quest”, in which players navigate through a virtual environment to locate checkpoints. Based on data from nearly four million players worldwide, they discovered that cultural factors were linked to wayfinding skills. People from Nordic countries, where the navigation sport of orienteering is popular, performed slightly better. Results like these suggest that life experience may be one of the biggest determinants of navigational ability. Indeed, experience may even underlie one of the most consistent findings in navigation: that men tend to perform better than women. Turns out this gender gap is more a question of culture and experience than of born ability. Nordic countries, for example, where gender equality is greatest, show almost no gender difference in navigation. In contrast, men far outperform women in places where women face cultural restrictions on exploring their environment. To Uttal, these findings carry an optimistic implication. “The good news is that navigation is trainable,” he notes, “It’s never too late to become a better navigator. You just need to give yourself opportunities to explore and pay attention to your surroundings.” 57．What did the 2020 study on twins reveal about navigational ability? A．It is largely determined by genes. B．It is learned through experience. C．It varies little among individuals. D．It remains constant in a person’s life. 58．How was the “Sea Hero Quest” experiment conducted? A．By testing brain activity during play. B．By observing how players navigate. C．By comparing the Nordics with others. D．By analyzing smartphone game data. 59．Why do men often outperform women in navigation? A．Men benefit from practicing sports. B．Women lack interest in doing so. C．Men possess stronger space memory. D．Women have fewer chances to explore. 60．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．What Can “Sea Hero Quest” Teach Us? B．Why Do Some People Always Get Lost? C．How Does VR Improve Navigational Skills? D．Who Are Better Navigators: Men or Women? 【答案】57．B 58．D 59．D 60．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章围绕导航能力差异展开，通过双胞胎研究、“海洋英雄任务”实验，说明导航能力受后天经历、文化因素影响更大，男女表现差异源于环境探索机会，且该能力可训练。 57．细节理解题。根据第三段“Instead, the biggest contributor to people’s performance was what geneticists call “nonshared environmental factors” — the unique experiences each person accumulates as their life unfolds. Good navigators, it appears, are mostly made, not born.(相反，对人们表现影响最大的因素是遗传学家所说的“非共同环境因素”——即每个人在其人生历程中所积累的独特经历。看来，优秀的领航员大多是后天培养出来的，而非天生具备的)”可知，2020年关于双胞胎的研究揭示了关于导航能力是通过经验习得的。故选B。 58．细节理解题。根据第四段“Researchers developed a smartphone game, “Sea Hero Quest”, in which players navigate through a virtual environment to locate checkpoints. Based on data from nearly four million players worldwide, they discovered that cultural factors were linked to wayfinding skills.(研究人员开发了一款名为“海洋英雄探险”的智能手机游戏，在游戏中玩家需在虚拟环境中穿梭，寻找各个检查点。通过收集全球近 400 万名玩家的数据，他们发现文化因素与方向辨别能力之间存在关联)”可知，“海中英雄探索”实验是通过分析智能手机游戏数据开展。故选D。 59．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In contrast, men far outperform women in places where women face cultural restrictions on exploring their environment.(相比之下，在那些女性因文化因素而受到限制、无法充分探索自身环境的地区，男性的表现要远远优于女性)”可知，男性在导航方面往往比女性表现得更好是因为女性获得的探索机会更少。故选D。 60．主旨大意题。根据第一段“David Uttal, a scientist at Northwestern University, has always been poor at finding his way. At 13, he got lost on a Boy Scout hike for two and a half days. The world is full of people like Uttal- and their opposites, the folks who always seem to know exactly where they are and how to get where they want to go.(西北大学的科学家大卫·乌塔尔向来都不擅长辨别方向。在他13岁时，他在一次童子军徒步活动中迷路了整整两天半。这个世界上到处都是像乌塔尔这样的人——以及与他们相反的那种人，后者似乎总是能准确地知道自己所处的位置以及如何到达想去的地方)”结合文章围绕导航（识别路线）能力差异展开，通过双胞胎研究、“海洋英雄任务”实验，说明导航能力受后天经历、文化因素影响更大，男女表现差异源于环境探索机会，且该能力可训练。可知，B选项“为什么有些人总是迷路呢？”符合文章主题，最适合用作标题。故选B。 Passage 16 （2026·湖州·一模） A study covering 12 countries and over 3,500 people has found something new when it comes to people’s decision-making preferences. The study offers the first test challenging a long-standing assumption that people from group-oriented societies, cultures that emphasize collective thinking and community harmony, are naturally more likely to seek advice from others and that individualistic cultures like the United States are expected to favor going it alone. The study found that people — from community members and university students in countries like Japan, Germany, and Canada to Indigenous (土生土长的) Amazonian rainforest communities — most often preferred personal thinking for decision-making, followed by relying on gut instincts (直觉). Asking friends for advice ranked third, while seeking input from larger groups was generally least preferred. The international research team conducted what they called the first wide-ranging investigation of decision-making preferences across diverse cultures. The study included participants from wealthy nations like Germany, Japan, and Canada, as well as developing countries including Morocco, Ecuador, and South Africa. They also spoke with members of two Indigenous Amazonian communities, the Shiwiar and Shipibo peoples, who live in small-sized societies that rely heavily on collective decision-making for village governance. Participants read six everyday situations requiring difficult choices made by them alone. Some involved picking between two equally attractive options. Others presented a conflict like helping a neighbor prepare their field instead of finishing one’s own work. For each situation, people chose from four decision-making approaches: relying on gut feelings, thinking it through carefully on their own, asking trusted friends for advice, or seeking input from a broader crowd. They also rated how wise they considered each approach and how good they expected to feel about decisions made using each method. The study suggested personal thinking topped the charts everywhere, preferred by 37% to 60% of participants depending on the country. It highlights an interesting contradiction in human behavior. Scientific evidence shows that seeking advice often improves decision quality: Others can point out blind spots, share useful experience, and help avoid mental prejudices. 61．What does the long-held concept think Americans do when making decisions? A．Trust their gut instincts. B．Practice self-reliance. C．Seek friends’ advice. D．Consult larger groups. 62．What’s the team’s purpose in choosing the Shiwiar and Shipibo peoples? A．To increase the samples’ diversity. B．To confirm their thinking strategies. C．To demonstrate their unique cultures. D．To promote remote community culture. 63．What might participants encounter during the test? A．Tough moral-decision questions. B．Group discussion requirements. C．Diverse advice assessed by friends. D．Collective wisdom from partners. 64．What’s the best title for the text? A．Group Decision Weaknesses B．Personal Preference Contradiction C．Cross Cultural Communication Tricks D．Global Insights into Decision-Making 【答案】61．B 62．A 63．A 64．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一项覆盖12国3500多人的研究，打破“集体主义文化者更爱咨询、个人主义者更独立”的固有认知，发现全球人多偏好自主思考决策。 61．细节理解题。根据第二段“The study offers the first test challenging a long-standing assumption that people from group-oriented societies, cultures that emphasize collective thinking and community harmony, are naturally more likely to seek advice from others and that individualistic cultures like the United States are expected to favor going it alone.(这项研究首次进行了相关测试，对一个长期以来的假设提出了挑战。该假设认为，来自注重群体关系、强调集体思维和社区和谐的社会环境中的人群，天生就更倾向于向他人寻求建议；而像美国这样的个人主义文化则理应更倾向于独自行动)”可知，长期以来的观念认为美国人在做决策时会自力更生。故选B。 62．细节理解题。根据第三段“The study included participants from wealthy nations like Germany, Japan, and Canada, as well as developing countries including Morocco, Ecuador, and South Africa. They also spoke with members of two Indigenous Amazonian communities, the Shiwiar and Shipibo peoples, who live in small-sized societies that rely heavily on collective decision-making for village governance.(这项研究的参与者来自富裕国家，如德国、日本和加拿大，也包括一些发展中国家，如摩洛哥、厄瓜多尔和南非。此外，他们还与两个亚马逊地区原住民社区的成员进行了交流，这两个社区分别是希瓦伊尔人和希皮博人，他们生活在规模较小的社会中，且在村庄治理方面非常依赖集体决策)”可知，该团队选择希瓦伊尔人和希皮博人作为研究对象是为了增加样本的多样性。故选A。 63．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Participants read six everyday situations requiring difficult choices made by them alone. Some involved picking between two equally attractive options. Others presented a conflict like helping a neighbor prepare their field instead of finishing one’s own work.(参与者阅读了六种需要他们独自做出艰难抉择的日常情境。其中一些情境涉及在两个同样吸引人的选项之间做出选择。还有一些情境则呈现了类似的情况，比如帮助邻居准备他们的农田，而不是完成自己的工作)”可知，参与者在测试过程中可能会遇到极具挑战性的道德决策问题。故选A。 64．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A study covering 12 countries and over 3,500 people has found something new when it comes to people’s decision-making preferences.(一项涵盖12个国家、涉及超过3500人的研究发现，在人们的决策偏好方面出现了新的情况)”结合文章主要说明了一项覆盖12国3500多人的研究，打破“集体主义文化者更爱咨询、个人主义者更独立”的固有认知，发现全球人多偏好自主思考决策。可知，D选项“关于决策制定的全球视角”最符合文章标题。故选D。 Passage 17 （2026·杭州·一模） “When my husband does the dishes he always leaves some plates in the sink, some surface unwiped. I tried to correct the behavior until I remembered that if I finish everything in my Work in Progress folder I’m afraid I’ll die,” Sarah Manguso once said. Yet the truth is that completion recharges energy, rather than using it up. Perfectionists love to begin new projects, because as long as you haven’t done any work on a project, it’s possible to believe that the end result might match the ideal in your mind. By contrast, finishing things means struggling your way through the messy, imperfect reality. Social psychologists describe what’s going on here with “construal level theory”, which refers to the way we envision objects and events from different mental altitudes. For example, when considering how to spend your next summer holiday, you’re likely to picture it from 30,000 feet — “going to the beach”, or “hiking in the mountains”. But when it nears, you start focusing on details like which beach, or mountain trails. Similarly, any major undertaking starts as outlines, smooth; only when digging in do you face imperfections and then mistakenly assume that a new project might be free of them. And yet, in reality, repeatedly starting but rarely finishing things is a recipe for suffering. People think finishing things “would exhaust even more of their energy and they get tired just thinking about it”, Steve Chandler writes. They don’t see “that leaving things unfinished is what’s causing the low levels of energy”. The trick to finishing things is simply to redefine what counts as finished. Instead of viewing a project’s completion as only occasional, after days or weeks of work, think of your days as sequential (连续的) small “deliverables.” Each ending provides an energy-boost for the next. “Work is done, then forgotten,” says the Tao Te Ching (《道德经》), “Therefore it lasts forever.” You’re no longer fighting the current, but letting it carry you forward. 65．According to paragraph 2, perfectionists ________. A．see a job through its end B．tend to start new projects repeatedly C．focus not on the result but on the process D．solve problems efficiently without much effort 66．Which is the best understanding of “construal level theory”? A．Early plan simplifies tasks. B．Unfinished work exhausts energy. C．Abstract goals are less motivating. D．Judgement shifts with mental distance. 67．What does the underlined word “deliverables” in paragraph 5 probably refer to? A．Tracking tools. B．Valuable parcels. C．Finished tasks. D．Demanding projects. 68．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Truth of Completion B．The Power of Imperfection C．A Guide to Starting Projects D．Perfectionism in Daily Work 【答案】65．B 66．D 67．C 68．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过心理学理论分析完美主义者逃避完成项目的原因，指出未完成事项反而消耗能量，并建议将大任务拆解为小型可交付的成果，以通过连续完成获得动力。 65．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Perfectionists love to begin new projects, because as long as you haven’t done any work on a project, it’s possible to believe that the end result might match the ideal in your mind. (完美主义者喜欢开始新项目，因为只要还没真正着手去做，他们就可能相信最终结果会符合心中的理想)”可知，完美主义者倾向于反复开始新项目。故选B项。 66．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Social psychologists describe what’s going on here with “construal level theory”, which refers to the way we envision objects and events from different mental altitudes. For example, when considering how to spend your next summer holiday, you’re likely to picture it from 30,000 feet — “going to the beach”, or “hiking in the mountains”. But when it nears, you start focusing on details like which beach, or mountain trails. (社会心理学家用“解释水平理论”来描述这里发生的事情，它指的是我们从不同的心理高度想象物体和事件的方式。例如，当考虑如何度过你的下一个暑假时，你可能会从3万英尺的高空想象它——“去海滩”，或者“在山上徒步旅行”。但当它临近时，你开始关注细节，比如哪个海滩或山间小径)”可知，该理论核心是判断随着心理距离的变化而变化。故选D项。 67．词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“The trick to finishing things is simply to redefine what counts as finished. Instead of viewing a project’s completion as only occasional (完成事情的诀窍很简单，就是重新定义什么是完成。不要把一个项目的完成看成是偶然的)”和下文“Each ending provides an energy-boost for the next. (每个结束都会为下一个提供能量)”可知，此处建议改变对完成的看法，强调完成可以持续带来能量，由此推知，画线词所在句是建议化大为小，把日子想象成连续的小的“可交付成果”，画线词意思是“已完成的任务”。故选C项。 68．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Yet the truth is that completion recharges energy, rather than using it up. (然而，事实是，完成任务可以补充能量，而不是耗尽能量)”可知，文章围绕“完成”的真实意义展开，批判完美主义者的只开始不完成行为，解释未完成事项实际消耗能量，最后提出重新定义完成的解决方案。因此，A项“完成的真相”最契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选A项。 Passage 18 （2026·江浙皖·一模） Even people who have never read Tolstoy are often familiar with his famous opening line to Anna Karenina: “All happy families are alike; each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.” The quote is so well known because it resonates (共鸣) with people’s experience, and psychologists have investigated if it might apply to the individual as well as the collective. A team led by Dr Yanagisawa Kuniaki of Kobe University combined approaches used in psychology and neuroscience by challenging 87 people to imagine specific future events happening to them while lying in an fMRI machine. The sample group was purposely chosen to include people with a mix of future expectations. The team found participants who were more optimistic showed greater similarities in the patterns of their brain activity in a region involved in future-oriented thinking. Meanwhile, pessimists’ brains produced different maps from each other when given the same stimuli. “We’re not saying that optimists have identical thoughts about the future,” said Yanagisawa. “Rather, we can say that they appear to think in the same way — structurally.” The researchers also found that optimistic people showed bigger differences between brain patterns for emotionally positive and negative events than pessimists did. Many past studies have revealed benefits to optimism such as better health. But this doesn’t necessarily mean that optimism is a good trait and pessimism is a bad one. The research revealed something that might give us pause. Optimism isn’t an unquestioned good. Any ancient human population composed entirely of optimists probably died crossing rivers because they convinced themselves there would be no crocodiles or starved because they didn’t prepare for bad seasons. This work also hints at the possibility that the individuality that comes with pessimism lends itself to more diverse approaches to problems, with a greater chance that one will succeed than the optimists who all try the same thing. “The brains of optimists may in a very physical sense share a common concept of the future. But this raises new questions. Is this shared mechanism something they are born with or is it woven in later?” Yanagisawa pondered (沉思). He ultimately believes this work can help us better understand how people relate to each other and what sometimes prevents empathy. 69．Why does the author quote the opening line to Anna Karenina? A．To recommend Tolstoy’s book. B．To introduce the research topic. C．To share Tolstoy’s insights into life. D．To unlock its philosophical wisdom. 70．It can be learnt from the research that when imagining future events, ______. A．pessimists tend to be emotional B．optimists have the same thoughts C．pessimists expect negative outcomes D．optimists think alike in a structural sense 71．What can be implied from paragraph 5? A．Pessimists are effective problem solvers. B．Pessimists have a better perception of life. C．Optimism and pessimism are interchangeable. D．Optimism can be damaging when taken to extreme. 72．What is mainly talked about in the last paragraph? A．Expectations for future study. B．Potential application of the findings. C．A reasonable doubt about the findings. D．A summary of the previous paragraphs. 【答案】69．B 70．D 71．D 72．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文以托尔斯泰《安娜・卡列尼娜》的名言开篇，引出“乐观者与悲观者的思维模式是否存在差异”的研究主题；随后介绍神户大学团队的实验（通过 fMRI 观察大脑活动），发现乐观者在思考未来时大脑活动模式更相似，且对正负事件的脑区反应差异更大；最后辩证分析乐观与悲观的利弊，并提出研究引发的新疑问及应用价值。 69．推理判断题。根据第一段“Even people who have never read Tolstoy are often familiar with his famous opening line to Anna Karenina: “All happy families are alike; each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.” The quote is so well known because it resonates (共鸣) with people’s experience, and psychologists have investigated if it might apply to the individual as well as the collective.( 即使是从未读过托尔斯泰作品的人，也常常熟悉他在《安娜·卡列尼娜》中的著名开场白：“所有幸福的家庭都是相似的；不幸的家庭各有各的不幸。”这句话之所以广为人知，是因为它与人们的经历产生了共鸣，心理学家已经研究了它是否适用于个人和集体。)”可推知，作者引用《安娜·卡列尼娜》的开场白是为了介绍研究课题。故选B项。 70．细节理解题。根据第三段“The team found participants who were more optimistic showed greater similarities in the patterns of their brain activity in a region involved in future-oriented thinking. Meanwhile, pessimists’ brains produced different maps from each other when given the same stimuli. “We’re not saying that optimists have identical thoughts about the future,” said Yanadisawa. “Rather, we can say that they appear to think in the same way — structurally.”(研究小组发现，越是乐观的参与者，他们大脑中负责未来思考的区域的活动模式就越相似。同时，悲观主义者在受到同样的刺激时，他们的大脑会产生不同的地图。“我们并不是说乐观主义者对未来有相同的想法，”Yanadisawa说。“相反，我们可以说，他们似乎以同样的方式思考——在结构上。”)”可知，从研究中可以得知，当想象未来的事件时，乐观主义者在结构意义上有相似的想法。故选D项。 71．推理判断题。根据第五段中“But this doesn’t necessarily mean that optimism is a good trait and pessimism is a bad one. The research revealed something that might give us pause. Optimism isn’t an unquestioned good. Any ancient human population composed entirely of optimists probably died crossing rivers because they convinced themselves there would be no crocodiles or starved because they didn’t prepare for bad seasons.( 但这并不一定意味着乐观是一种好品质，悲观是一种坏品质。这项研究揭示了一些可能会让我们停下来的东西。乐观并非毫无疑问是件好事。任何完全由乐观主义者组成的古代人都可能死于过河，因为他们相信不会有鳄鱼，或者因为没有为恶劣的季节做好准备而饿死。)”可推知，极端乐观可能带来危害。故选D项。 72．主旨大意题。根据最后一段““The brains of optimists may in a very physical sense share a common concept of the future. But this raises new questions. Is this shared mechanism something they are born with or is it woven in later?” Yanagisawa pondered (沉思). He ultimately believes this work can help us better understand how people relate to each other and what sometimes prevents empathy.(“乐观主义者的大脑可能在物理意义上对未来有着共同的概念。但这引发了新的问题。这种共享机制是与生俱来的，还是后天形成的？”平贺柳泽思考。他最终认为，这项工作可以帮助我们更好地理解人们是如何相互联系的，以及有时是什么阻碍了同理心。)”可知，最后一段主要讨论了对未来研究的期望。故选A项。 主题03人与社会——社会·文化 Passage 19 （2026·十二校·一模） Social media influencer marketing has become an increasingly popular strategy for brands to reach consumers. Influencers, with their large followings and the ability to engage audiences, are seen as powerful tools for promoting products and services. However, while influencer marketing shows great potential, its effectiveness metrics, mainly centered around follower count, engagement rate, and reach, have significant limitations. These metrics are good at identifying influencers with a wide audience reach, but they struggle to distinguish between influencers who can drive actual sales and those who only generate surface-level engagement. For example, an influencer might have a high number of followers and a seemingly impressive engagement rate, but their audience may not be the right target for a particular brand’s products. This means that a brand could invest heavily in an influencer campaign based on these metrics, only to see minimal return on investment. This limitation may not be a major concern for brands that focus on increasing brand awareness in a broad sense. But for those aiming to achieve specific business goals, such as driving e-commerce sales or boosting product sign-ups, it can lead to wasted resources and missed opportunities. In their current form, these effectiveness metrics have several drawbacks. First, follower count can be inflated through fake followers or bots, creating a false impression of an influencer’s reach. Engagement rates can also be misleading, as some influencers may use tactics like “like-for-like” exchanges or buy fake comments to artificially boost numbers. Moreover, the concept of reach doesn’t consider the quality of the audience reached. A large reach among an uninterested or mismatched audience is of little value to a brand. To address these issues and provide brands with a more accurate understanding of an influencer’s true value, several solutions can be considered. One approach is to analyze an influencer’s audience demographics in more detail. Brands should look beyond basic metrics and study factors such as the age, gender, location, interests, and purchasing behavior of an influencer’s followers. By doing so, they can determine whether the influencer’s audience aligns with their target market. Another key measure is to track the actual conversion rates resulting from influencer campaigns. Instead of relying solely on engagement and reach, brands should monitor how many clicks, purchases, or sign-ups an influencer drives. This data provides a more direct indication of an influencer’s ability to generate business results. Additionally, brands can conduct A/B testing, comparing the performance of different influencers or influencer strategies, to identify the most effective approaches. While these effectiveness metrics alone can’t ensure the success of influencer marketing campaigns, implementing these improvements can make the evaluation process more reliable. This, in turn, helps brands make more informed decisions, optimize their marketing budgets, and achieve better results from influencer partnerships. 73．What function can the current effectiveness metrics of influencer marketing serve? A．They can help brands accurately measure sales growth. B．They can assist in identifying influencers with broad reach. C．They can guarantee a high return on investment for brands. D．They can effectively distinguish high-performing influencers. 74．What can be inferred from an influencer having a high engagement rate? A．Their audience is highly interested in the promoted products. B．They are definitely capable of driving significant sales. C．The engagement rate might not reflect real influence. D．They have a large number of loyal and active followers. 75．What contributes to a more accurate evaluation of an influencer’s value? A．Focusing solely on the follower count and reach. B．Relying on the engagement rate as the main criterion. C．Analyzing the demographics and conversion rates of the audience. D．Conducting surveys about the influencer’s personal reputation. 76．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To compare different influencer marketing strategies. B．To expose the false data in influencer marketing metrics. C．To present the advantages of influencer marketing. D．To propose improvements for influencer marketing effectiveness metrics 【答案】73．B 74．C 75．C 76．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍社交媒体网红营销的有效性指标存在局限及相应的改进建议。 73．细节理解题。根据第二段“These metrics are good at identifying influencers with a wide audience reach, but they struggle to distinguish between influencers who can drive actual sales and those who only generate surface-level engagement. (这些指标擅长识别拥有广泛受众覆盖面的网红，但难以区分那些能够带动实际销售的网红和仅能产生表面互动的网红。)”可知，当前网红营销的有效性指标可以帮助识别拥有广泛受众的网红。故选B项。 74．推理判断题。根据第四段“Engagement rates can also be misleading, as some influencers may use tactics like “like-for-like” exchanges or buy fake comments to artificially boost numbers.(互动率也可能具有误导性，因为一些网红可能会使用“互赞”或购买虚假评论等策略来人为提高数据。)”可知，网红的高互动率可能并不能反映其真实影响力。故选C项。 75．细节理解题。根据第五段“One approach is to analyze an influencer’s audience demographics in more detail.(一种方法是更详细地分析网红的受众人口统计数据。)”以及第六段“Another key measure is to track the actual conversion rates resulting from influencer campaigns.(另一个关键措施是跟踪网红营销活动带来的实际转化率。)”可知，分析受众的人口统计数据和转化率有助于更准确地评估网红的价值。故选C项。 76．推理判断题。通读全文，文章先指出当前网红营销有效性指标存在的局限，随后提出了改进这些指标的具体建议，因此本文的主要目的是为网红营销有效性指标提出改进方案。故选D项。 Passage 20 （2026·新阵地·一模） Why do some people feel such a strong bond with celebrities, and what does this reveal about their personality and values? A new study published in the International Journal of Psychology has found that people who strongly admire celebrities tend to score higher in both materialism and narcissism (自恋). The study also found that people who perceive themselves as similar to their favorite celebrity are more likely to have these attitudes. The study, conducted by Davis, Locker, and Williams, recruited 215 undergraduates, mostly women, who completed a battery of questionnaires measuring their attitudes toward celebrities, materialistic values, and narcissistic tendencies. Participants also answered newly created questions that assessed how similar they felt to their favorite celebrity in terms of personality, appearance, or lifestyle. Celebrity worship was assessed with the Celebrity Attitude Scale (量表). Materialism was measured by examining how much value people place on owning things, how important possessions are to their identity, and whether they believe material goods make them happier. Narcissism was measured in two forms: grandiose narcissism (characterized by confidence, entitlement, and dominance) and vulnerable narcissism (marked by insecurity, sensitivity to criticism, and a preoccupation with self-image). The results showed a consistent relationship between celebrity worship and materialism. People who scored higher on celebrity worship also tended to place greater importance on money, status, and possessions. When it came to narcissism, only the vulnerable type, people with higher levels of emotional insecurity and self-focus, were more likely to feel strongly connected to celebrities. Most importantly, perceived similarity — whether in appearance, behavior, or personality — stood out as one of the strongest predictors of celebrity worship. The researchers concluded, “celebrity worship is a complex construct, but perceived similarity with a favorite celebrity and vulnerable narcissism may be fruitful avenues for future research.” Still, an important question remains: do people idolize celebrities because they already feel similar to them, or do they start to see themselves as similar after forming an emotional attachment? 77．What is paragraph 2 about? A．The research background. B．The research subjects. C．The research results. D．The research method. 78．According to the study, who are more likely to worship celebrities? A．Those indifferent to wealth and social status. B．Those valuing self-confidence and dominance. C．Those emotionally insecure and self-focused. D．Those seeking spiritual growth beyond possessions. 79．According to the researchers, what might be a direction of future research? A．Celebrity worship. B．Grandiose narcissism. C．Materialism. D．Perceived similarity. 80．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To explain celebrity worship psychology. B．To warn against the dangers of celebrity culture. C．To criticize celebrity materialism and narcissism. D．To describe scales for measuring personality traits. 【答案】77．D 78．C 79．D 80．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究表明，名人崇拜与物质主义及脆弱型自恋显著相关，且感知相似性是重要预测因素，研究者建议未来探索感知相似度与脆弱型自恋的深层作用机制。 77．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The study, conducted by Davis, Locker, and Williams, recruited 215 undergraduates, mostly women, who completed a battery of questionnaires measuring their attitudes toward celebrities, materialistic values, and narcissistic tendencies. Participants also answered newly created questions that assessed how similar they felt to their favorite celebrity in terms of personality, appearance, or lifestyle. (该研究由Davis、Locker和Williams进行，招募了215名主要为女性的本科生，他们完成了一系列问卷，测量对名人的态度、物质主义价值观和自恋倾向。参与者还回答了一些新设计的问题，评估他们觉得自己与最喜爱的名人在个性、外貌或生活方式上的相似度)”可知，该段主要介绍了研究方法，说明数据收集方式和测量内容。故选D项。 78．细节理解题。根据第四段中“When it came to narcissism, only the vulnerable type, people with higher levels of emotional insecurity and self-focus, were more likely to feel strongly connected to celebrities. (在自恋方面，只有脆弱型自恋者——即情感上更缺乏安全感且自我关注度高的人——更容易与名人产生强烈关联)”可知，根据研究，情感上缺乏安全感且过度自我关注的人更可能崇拜名人。故选C项。 79．细节理解题。根据最后一段中研究者所说的话“celebrity worship is a complex construct, but perceived similarity with a favorite celebrity and vulnerable narcissism may be fruitful avenues for future research. (名人崇拜是一个复杂的构念，但与喜爱名人的感知相似度和脆弱型自恋可能是未来研究的有效方向)”可知，研究者认为，未来研究可能关注感知相似度。故选D项。 80．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Why do some people feel such a strong bond with celebrities, and what does this reveal about their personality and values? (为什么有些人会对名人产生如此强烈的情感联结？这种现象又揭示了他们怎样的个性和价值观？)”可知，全文围绕一项针对名人崇拜心理的研究展开，该研究揭示了这种心理与物质主义、自恋（尤其是脆弱型）及感知相似度的关系，并指出未来研究方向。由此推知，本文的主要目的是解释名人崇拜的心理。故选A项。 Passage 21 （2026·精诚联盟·一模） Innovation consultants advise their clients to “think outside the box” to boost creativity and adaptability. So, what is this box, and how does one think outside it? Originally, the “box” traces back to the nine-dot problem. The goal of this classic puzzle is simple: Connect all the dots in a 9-dot array (点阵) using no more than four straight lines and without lifting your pen from the page. If this puzzle has you stuck, you’re not alone. The nine equally spaced dots give the impression of a square or box. Without realizing it, you may assume that the lines must be drawn within the boundaries of the dots. To solve the puzzle, you must let go of that assumption — you must think outside the box! In the correct solutions, the lines always extend outside of the square. For starters, we’re not computers; we take mental shortcuts. We rely on life experience and context to make educated guesses when faced with ambiguous (含糊的) or partial information. In the nine-dot problem, we instantly recognize the pattern of a square, despite the missing lines. We choose shortcuts when we have limited time or information; in other words, because we have no alternative. But we also cut corners out of habit. In the words of psychologist Susan Fiske, we are cognitive misers (认知吝啬鬼) — we spend as little of our cognitive resources as possible. So, although we interpret situations quickly, we rarely doubt the truthfulness of these first impressions. As a result, we may find ourselves restricted by our own false assumptions — stuck in the “box”. Innovative thinking emphasizes change. It begins with a simple act: making a conscious effort to see things from different angles. This practice naturally leads $ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文二） 主题01人与社会——科技·社会 Passage 1 （2026·县域教研·一模） The Parker Solar Probe (探测器), the fastest object ever made by human hands, surfs the solar winds at more than 630,000 kilometers per hour. That’s more than 500 times the speed of sound on Earth. Its mission? To touch the Sun — and, ideally, to avoid overheating in the process. It achieved this goal in 2021, when the probe flew by Venus and traveled through the Sun’s outermost atmosphere. Since then, it has carved closer and closer paths, revealing extraordinary details about our star. On its closest approach, it’s expected to cross within 4.5 sun lengths away from the solar surface. And it will tolerate temperatures of 1,500℃. Unfortunately, there’s a limit to just how close Parker can get. And there are questions scientists can’t answer without probing even deeper into the solar atmosphere. However, probing deeper into the corona (日冕) — without overheating, exploding, or falling directly into the Sun — is an enormous engineering challenge. The first challenge is directing the probe’s path. A probe falling directly towards the Sun would likely pick up so much speed in its fall that it would either crash or be thrown in the opposite direction. To avoid this, the Parker Solar Probe made a series of complicated orbital movements around Venus, so that it could readjust its orbit and get closer by using the Venus’s gravity to slow down. But these current orbital tricks can only get us so far. As for the extreme heat, the Parker Probe used a strategy that is like sitting under a beach umbrella. Its instrumentation is packed behind a heat shield (屏障) just 4.5 inches thick, which can only get so close to the Sun. To get even closer, researchers at NASA’s Innovative Advanced Concepts program have developed two novel shields which they believe could surf a probe as close as 1 sun length from the surface. But we won’t know for sure until these shields are subjected to final testing. At these close distances, we might discover the unknown things and learn how to better predict solar behaviors. Thus, we’d get an unprecedented look at our star — far beyond what any telescope has ever captured — and perhaps one day, with the Sun’s assistance, at our most distant neighbors. 1．What can we know about the Parker Solar Probe from paragraph 1? A．It can reach the exact surface of the Sun. B．It can travel as fast as the sound on Earth. C．It would help explore more about the Sun. D．It would maintain itself when getting to the Sun. 2．How does the Probe manage to avoid crashing? A．By picking up much more speed. B．By moving in the opposite direction. C．By readjusting its distance to the Sun. D．By taking advantage of Venus’s gravity. 3．What can we infer about the two novel shields? A．They look like beach umbrellas. B．They remain at a conceptual stage. C．They get thicker than the Probe’s shield. D．They are expected to be more heat-resistant. 4．What does the underlined word “unprecedented” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Imaginary. B．Extraordinary. C．Unpredictable. D．Ideal. Passage 2 （2026·金丽衢·一模） For years, most new cars sold have been equipped with high-tech touch screens that control various functions, from air conditioning and navigation to music. Even safety features like automatic lane-keeping are sometimes screen-controlled. But are touch screens safe for drivers to use while driving? Traditional physical buttons allow drivers to operate controls without looking away from the road. However, touch screens offer no physical feedback, making it harder to use them without direct visual attention. Since a single screen handles dozens of functions, finding a particular setting often means tapping through several sub-menus. The result, say critics, is a dangerous distraction. Research backs that up. In 2022, Swedish researchers conducted a study comparing 11 cars with touch screens to an older model with physical buttons. They measured how long it took drivers to perform simple tasks like changing radio stations or adjusting temperature while driving at 110 km/h. The results were striking. In the older car, drivers completed all tasks in about ten seconds, during which the car traveled approximately 300 meters. In the worst-performing modern car, the same tasks took 45 seconds, with the car covering 1.4 kilometers. Even the best-performing models required several seconds longer than the traditional button-controlled car. Another study in 2024 by Norwegian researchers used gaze-tracking cameras to measure distraction times. They found that even the quickest task—adjusting temperature — took drivers’ eyes off the road for an average of 3.5 seconds. Finding a new radio station took 11 seconds, while entering a new navigation address took 16 seconds. An analysis published in 2020 by the Transport Research Laboratory, a British organization, found that touch screens impaired a driver’s reaction time more than driving over the legal alcohol limit. Safety organizations are taking actions. Starting this year, Euro NCAP, which provides safety ratings for cars in Europe, will require that certain critical functions like turn signals and windshield wipers must be controlled by physical buttons for a car to receive the highest five-star safety rating. Meanwhile, car manufacturers are responding to concerns. Volkswagen, Hyundai, and Porsche have begun returning physical buttons to their new models, recognizing that many drivers find touch screens inconvenient and potentially dangerous. As car technology continues to evolve, the balance between innovation and safety remains an important consideration. 5．What makes touch screens less user-friendly for drivers? A．They are energy consuming. B．They have a single function. C．They provide no physical response. D．They are more expensive to produce. 6．What did the Swedish study focus on? A．Drivers’ feelings about control systems. B．The time required to perform simple operations. C．The various road conditions and driving speeds. D．The long-term impact of touch screens on driving habits. 7．Why did Euro NCAP set the new rules? A．To reduce production cost. B．To promote more touch screens use. C．To enhance driving safety. D．To encourage new system development. 8．Which of the following is the main idea of the passage? A．Touch screens may pose risks to driving safety. B．Safety is an important consideration for driving. C．Physical buttons should be replaced by touch screens. D．Touch screens are more convenient than physical buttons. Passage 3 （2026·温州·一模） A grandmother cooks chicken. A group of kids, ages 8 to 14, watch her make the dish. This cooking class is part of a “Summer Camp” in Southern California. At this camp, grandmas are in charge. Each week, they teach young campers how to cook a new dish and do crafts. “Loneliness is something that seniors are challenged with, and they love having younger people around them,” said Zainab, who works at Olive Community Services that brings older adults together and created the camp. During the last week of the camp, a 9-year-old Janna learned how to use a sewing machine and make pockets. The camper had pressed hard on the machine’s pedal, making the needle move quickly. “Slowly, slowly,” Rahim, a grandma teaching the sewing class, said to her. The girl smiled when she made it. Rahim said the camp is “filling a gap” for kids. Many schools don’t teach these skills like cooking and sewing. Rahim also doesn’t get to spend much time with her grandchildren because they don’t live close. “It is heartwarming to be able to interact with those who love being around you,” she said. The summer camp was organized through a partnership with the Golden Connections Club started by a 14-year-old high school student Leena to encourage teens and seniors to interact. She noticed that many students didn’t have the chance to spend as much time with their grandparents. She also learned about challenges faced by senior adults, such as unfair treatment. The club organizes monthly lunches at Leena’s school. They invite the seniors to the school and discuss topics where both groups can learn from each other. One of the most valuable lessons they’ve shared with her is to live in the moment, and this has taken on new meaning for Leena. “The people we have right now, they’re not going to be with us forever,” she said. 9．What can we know about the Summer Camp? A．It is mainly about cooking. B．It offers jobs to teenagers. C．It is held on a monthly basis. D．It is in the charge of the seniors. 10．What do the underlined words “filling a gap” mean in paragraph 3? A．Providing engaging games. B．Offering nutritious meals. C．Teaching practical techniques. D．Organizing interactive activities. 11．What did Rahim think of teaching the sewing class at the camp? A．Refreshing. B．Fulfilling. C．Challenging. D．Pioneering. 12．What is the main purpose of the club? A．To pass down traditional recipes. B．To ensure an inclusive atmosphere. C．To improve elderly people’s welfare. D．To promote interaction between generations. Passage 4 （2026·名校联盟·一模） When we think about high school’s lasting impact, we often focus on grade point averages, extracurricular activities, and close friendships. But according to a new study, the influence of high school stretches far beyond the teenage years and into our very bodies. The study tracked a nationally representative sample of individuals who were high school sophomores (二年级的) and seniors in 1980. Researchers followed these participants into their early 50s and found strong links between high school experience and midlife body mass index (BMI). This relationship held even when accounting for college education, academic attainment, and weight during high school itself. This research argues that high schools are more than institutions of learning — they are health shapers. For decades, we’ve known that educational attainment is linked to health outcomes, including weight. But this study pushes the timeline back, suggesting that the process of becoming educated — especially the early stages that happen in high school — is just as crucial. So, what parts of high school matter? It turns out that attending private schools, being in high socioeconomic status (High-SES) environments, and enrolling in advanced curricular tracks were associated with lower midlife BMI, especially for women. These factors weren’t just minor contributors; they maintained their influence even after researchers controlled for a host of variables like college degrees and adult income. Interestingly, popularity during high school also played a role for women. In a society where women and girls face heightened pressure around body image, early social acceptance may help establish healthier long-term habits and body ideals. The gender differences in this study are striking. For women, both family and school SES, along with popularity, were significantly linked to adult weight. For men, the connection existed but was less pronounced. One possible reason? The cultural landscape. Girls and women often deal with more pressure to be thin and face harsher judgment about their weight than boys and men. These pressures likely strengthen how high school experiences — both academic and social — shape long-term behaviors and self-perceptions. 13．What does the study mainly reveal about high schools? A．They predict academic success. B．They foster social relationships. C．They determine career achievements. D．They shape long- term physical health. 14．Which factor relates to lower adult BMI for women? A．Adult income status. B．High school popularity. C．College degree level. D．High school sports activities. 15．Why do gender differences exist in findings? A．Social expectations. B．Economic policies. C．Educational resources. D．Biological distinctions. 16．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Gender Differences in Educational Environments B．The Link Between School Grades and Adult Success C．High School’s Long- Term Impact on Physical Health D．The Role of Social Activities in adolescent Development Passage 5 （2026·杭州·一模） A letter from a prime minister, a child’s notebook, a prized sporting medal: what do these things have in common? On the surface, not much at all. But for Tony Armstrong’s Extra-Ordinary Things, that doesn’t matter in the slightest. In this five-part ABC TV series and accompanying exhibition at the National Museum of Australia, it’s not really the objects themselves that matter; it’s the stories and people behind them that construct a story about the nation and its past. This project sees popular television presenter Tony Armstrong travel the country in search of items for his special exhibition. Some objects capture major moments in Australian history. The anti-Iraq war protest that saw the words NO WAR painted on the sails of the Sydney Opera House in 2003 is represented by the paint tray used for the act. Through a memorial pin held by Harbour Bridge construction worker George Killen’s great-granddaughter, we hear the forgotten story of how one worker selflessly dived into the cold waters of the harbour below to save a friend. Turns out, the ordinary can be extra-ordinary. This doesn’t mean the project shies away from the dark aspects of our past. In one episode, Armstrong speaks from the edge of the “exclusion (排斥) zone” that marked the area in Perth where First Nations people, only seventy years ago, were not permitted to enter freely. Sometimes light-hearted, sometimes heart-breaking, Extra-Ordinary Things is largely optimistic in tone. It is an example of how storytelling can bridge divides, allow us to confront realities, and enable us to make choices that might go some way to addressing wrongs. When I asked Armstrong what he hoped the project would achieve, he said: “I hope it gets people telling stories.” Whether you’re asking your grandma or your friends to share their extraordinary things, his advice is to “be eager to discover, be curious.” 17．What do we know about the objects listed in paragraph 1? A．Rare but tie to everyday life. B．Tiny but represent official records. C．Ordinary but hold special meaning. D．Historic but mask personal connections. 18．Why is the memorial pin mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To present a fact. B．To illustrate a point. C．To explore a rule. D．To clarify a concept. 19．What message does Armstrong want to convey in his project? A．History is full of injustice. B．History is made up of fun stories. C．Painful things should be left behind. D．All historical facts should be acknowledged. 20．What does Armstrong encourage viewers to do? A．Seek stories with an inquiring mind. B．Engage their family with better stories. C．Collect ordinary items for the exhibition. D．Study professional storytelling techniques. Passage 6 （2026·嘉兴·一模） We often find it hard to tear our eyes away from screens — an urge so intense that it messes with our focus and our cognitive (认知的) health, which is known as “brain rot”. The Oxford Dictionary defines it as the degradation of mental state due to overconsumption of online content. It refers to the dull stuff on social media and its negative impact on brain health. “There’s an arms race to develop digital content and platforms that can grab people’s attention and compete in a digital market,” says Adam Leventhal, a professor at the University of Southern California. “Digital content and platforms that win the arms race are increasingly addictive.” Dr. Leventhal adds, “They pull people into ‘digital addiction’ and expose consumers to unhealthy content.” Though not an official diagnosis (诊断), “brain rot” can cause cognitive and emotional problems. “Too much screen time can negatively affect attention, concentration, learning, memory, emotional regulation, and social functioning,” Dr. Manwell says. “Brain rot” occurs as screen time replaces activities beneficial to the brain, such as exercise and socializing. Passive, rapid scrolling while multitasking or trying to work or study at the same time also contributes, resulting in divided and reduced attentional resources and leading to poorer learning and memory capabilities. Manwell says, “There are often also corresponding effects on the brain such as reduced gray matter and white matter, leading to damaged processing capacity and efficiency.” To fight against “brain rot”, changes can be made. Manwell suggests altering digital media habits, like taking screen breaks and limiting certain apps. There are apps to track screen time and enforce digital detox. For long-term improvement, Manwell recommends replacing screen time with activities like meditation, exercise, and learning new skills. If screen use is work-related, find alternatives like printing materials or having in-person meetings. When on a screen, focus merely on the task to decline multitasking’s negative effects. Overall, being aware and making lifestyle adjustments can help prevent and reverse (逆转) the impact of “brain rot”. 21．According to the text, what do we know about “brain rot”? A．A kind of serious disease officially diagnosed by doctors. B．The loss of cognitive abilities caused by using digital platforms. C．The negative impact of overusing digital devices on physical health. D．The decline of mental well-being due to overconsuming online materials. 22．What can we infer from Adam Leventhal’s words? A．The competition among digital contents and platforms is fierce. B．Digital platforms are developed to help people improve their mental health. C．The digital content that wins the attention competition is usually less addictive. D．The development of digital content and platforms leads to some negative effects. 23．What does the underlined phrase “digital detox” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Using digital devices frequently. B．Taking a break from digital devices. C．Giving up using digital technologies. D．Replacing with advanced digital products. 24．What is the main theme of the text? A．The harms and solutions of “brain rot”. B．The effect of addictive digital platforms. C．The importance of socializing in daily life. D．The impact of “brain rot” on digital device. Passage 7 （2026·湖州·一模） I often catch myself asking my questions to AI chatbots with a “please” and a “thank you.” Apparently, I am not alone. A 2024 survey found that approximately 67% of U.S. AI users are also polite and show gratitude toward AI search engines. Some even joked about the cost: if every polite word consumes electricity, the bill must be high. OpenAI’s CEO Sam Altman replied: “Tens of millions of dollars well spent — you never know.” In reality, of course, AI chatbots do not appreciate politeness; they lack consciousness, feelings or social needs. From a purely utilitarian (功利主义的) standpoint, all those pleases and thank yous are just flushing money down the toilet. Still, there may be value that isn’t immediately measurable in showing gratitude toward AI. Psychologists Robert Emmons and Michael McCullough carried out an experiment in which they divided participants into three groups, asking the first to list things they are grateful for, while others listed daily troubles or simply kept journals. After 10 weeks, they found that the first group reported 25% higher happiness levels, stronger inner strength and even better physical health. What’s true of gratitude is also true of kindness and generosity more generally. Experiments at UC Riverside found that performing “five small acts of kindness per week” produced steady increases in happiness. This idea isn’t new. The medieval thinker Maimonides wrote that “it is better for a person to give one coin to a thousand poor people than to give a thousand coins to one poor person.” He believed that regular acts of goodness, like giving charity and expressing gratitude, make us happier in the long run by turning virtue into a habit. So perhaps all of our pleases and thank yous to AI have value, even if they cost OpenAI millions of dollars annually. Showing appreciation, even toward a machine, reinforces positive habits of courtesy (礼貌), patience and empathy. In our increasingly digital and automated world, preserving these human qualities may be more valuable than the cost of a little extra electricity. Ultimately, the beneficiary of our politeness isn’t the AI at all, but ourselves. 25．How does the author introduce the topic in paragraph 1? A．By quoting an expert. B．By telling a story. C．By presenting a phenomenon. D．By defining a concept. 26．What value of gratitude does the experiment in paragraph 3 show? A．It strengthens our bodies and minds. B．It reduces daily stress levels. C．It improves memory and creativity. D．It deepens social relationships. 27．Which of the following would Maimonides most likely approve of? A．Giving gifts to friends on birthdays. B．Making a large donation to a charity. C．Expressing gratitude on Thanksgiving Day. D．Volunteering weekly at a community kitchen. 28．What message does the author mainly convey in the text? A．Courtesy to AI saves electricity bills. B．AI improves the quality of human life. C．Politeness benefits humans rather than AI. D．AI learns empathy from human behavior. Passage 8 （2026·稽阳联谊·一模） With the help of artificial intelligence, MIT researchers have developed new antibiotics (抗生素) capable of combating two dangerous drug-resistant bacteria: Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) . Using generative AI models, the team designed over 36 million potential compounds and screened them for antibacterial properties. The most promising candidates exhibit unique chemical structures distinct from existing antibiotics and function by disrupting bacterial cell walls — a novel mechanism of action. This innovative approach allows scientists to explore previously uncharted chemical territories. Professor James Collins, senior author of the study, stated, “Our work demonstrates AI’s power in drug design and enables us to access much larger chemical spaces.” This breakthrough comes at a critical time when antibiotic resistance causes nearly 5 million global deaths annually, while few truly new antibiotics have reached the market in recent decades. The researchers tried two different approaches with AI. First, they asked the AI to design molecules (分子) based on a known antibacterial fragment, which produced a compound called NG1. This compound successfully treated drug-resistant gonorrhea in laboratory tests and in mice. Second, they allowed the AI to freely create new molecules, which led to another compound named DN1 that cured MRSA skin infections in mice. Both compounds work by attacking bacterial cell walls, making them effective against drug-resistant strains. These discoveries provide new hope for solving the antibiotic resistance crisis. A nonprofit organization is now working to improve these compounds for possible human use, while the research team plans to use their AI method to fight other dangerous bacteria in the future. 29．How do the newly created antibiotics work? A．By changing the genes of bacteria. B．By stopping bacteria from reproducing. C．By damaging the structure of bacteria. D．By strengthening human immune cells. 30．What does the underlined word “uncharted” in paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Unexplored. B．Dangerous. C．Remote. D．Unclaimed. 31．Which statement about the two AI approaches is true? A．The two approaches targeted the same bacteria. B．Both approaches produced the same compound. C．One was guided while the other was autonomous. D．One was meaningful while the other was controversial. 32．What is the attitude of the research team towards the future of their AI method? A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Indifferent. D．Conservative. 主题02人与自我 Passage 9 （2026·县域教研·一模） In today’s world, it can feel difficult to concentrate when your smartphone buzzes (嗡嗡响) every minute or two with reminders about updates, messages and much more. How can anyone get through a 500-page book when our brain is addicted to bite-sized content? Gloria Mark, professor at the University of California, has spent much of her career analysing how this affects us. She has used sensors to track attention duration on screens. When the studies started, in 2004, screen attention duration was about two-and-a-half minutes, but recently, has dropped to 47 seconds. According to Prof Mark, there were “a lot of things” that had made people more distracted. “When you switch your attention duration so rapidly, there are more errors. It takes longer to do any task and people get more stressed.” Aside from making us perform tasks less effectively, the ease with which we get distracted by one thing or another on the internet also means that we can waste time that could be spent on activities considered more worthwhile. People who have attention disorder tend to have less grey matter in brain’s parietal cortex (顶叶皮层), highlighted Nilli Lavie, professor of psychology and brain sciences at University College London. “We see greater grey matter volume in certain regions of the brain for people with a better attentional capacity,” Prof Lavie said. The good news is that while research has indicated that in today’s world we switch our attention more often than in the past, this change is not thought to have become hard-wired in our brains. “The solution is simple: first, decide to focus, then use strategies to remove distractions,” Prof Lavie said. Related to this, one strategy is to set an alarm that will go off after, for example, 20 minutes. And Prof Mark advises people to look ahead to the end of the day and to consider how they might spend time then, such as relaxing on the sofa after completing their work. “I want to feel accomplished because I’ve done my work,” she said. “That can help people stay on track.” 33．What is the main problem described in paragraph 1? A．People find it a struggle to focus. B．Bite-sized contents are addictive. C．Long passages are outdated. D．Smartphones often disturb people. 34．What can we know about the online distractions? A．They cause permanent changes to human brain. B．They have similar influences on different people. C．They increase the possibility for people to make errors. D．They offer people convenience to deal with various affairs. 35．What does Prof. Mark advise in the last paragraph? A．Set frequent alarms to take short breaks. B．Create a flexible timetable to work efficiently. C．Visualize after-work leisure time to keep daily focus. D．Seek a relaxing environment to minimize distractions. 36．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Save Your Brain to Stay Relaxed B．Can We Reclaim Our Lost Focus? C．Why Are We Losing Concentration? D．Bite-sized Reading Ruined Our Brains Passage 10 （2026·“9 + 1” 联盟·一模） Many think that language is what sets humans apart from other animals, and that for us to think, language is a decisive factor. British philosopher Bertrand Russell even claimed in 1948 that no intelligent thinking can take place without language. However, a recent study in Nature suggests otherwise. It found that language and thought are two distinct entities, working in separate parts of the brain. They are, in short, “far more independent than we imagined”, wrote ZME Science. The study, conducted by scientists from the US, explored the language-thought relationship through two research approaches. First, they studied patients suffering from global aphasia, who had lost much of their ability to understand or speak due to damage to the left hemisphere of their brain. However, they can still complete complex tasks. “You can ask people with global aphasia to solve math problems or perform social reasoning tests, and as long as the instructions are non-verbal, they can succeed,” Evelina Fedorenko, one of the study’s authors from the US Massachusetts Institute of Technology, told ZME Science. The researchers also used brain-imaging tools to study the brains of healthy volunteers as they performed non-verbal tasks, like solving puzzles and planning. It was found that the brain’s language regions were mostly inactive during such activities. In other words, we generally need language to express our thoughts but we can still think without words. So, if language isn’t necessary for thinking, then why did humans develop it? Fedorenko said language serves mainly as a tool for communication. “Most of the things that you probably learned about the world, you learned through language and not through direct experience with the world,” she said. By being able to share complex information through language, humans gained an evolutionary advantage. Although language does not give rise to thoughts, past research shows that how we speak can heavily influence how we think. For example, the English sentence “he fired the gun” is usually phrased as “the gun went off” in Japanese. As a result, English speakers are more likely to focus on the person responsible for an accident than Japanese speakers, according to Psychology Today. 37．What is the main purpose of the study mentioned in the passage? A．To prove that language is essential for intelligent thinking. B．To examine the relationship between language and thought. C．To develop new treatments for patients with global aphasia. D．To identify the brain regions responsible for non-verbal reasoning. 38．What did brain-imaging tools reveal about healthy volunteers performing non-verbal task? A．They struggled with problem-solving. B．Their language centers became overactive. C．Their language regions showed little activity. D．They would unconsciously use verbal strategies. 39．How can language serve humans, according to Fedorenko? A．It helps humans generate thoughts. B．It decides humans’ evolutionary direction. C．It replaces direct experience with the world. D．It facilitates the exchange of complicated ideas. 40．What is the main idea of the text? A．Thought can operate independently from language. B．Language plays a decisive role in shaping human thought. C．Language and thought are deeply interdependent in the brain. D．The absence of language makes complex thought impossible. Passage 11 （2026·精诚联盟·一模） People casually describe themselves as people-pleasers as they might describe their hair color or music preference. However, people-pleasing can be a very real mental health problem, often associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (强迫症). Approval-seeking behavior is self-injurious by nature. To satisfy this obsession, we must be inauthentic (不真实的) and reduced versions of ourselves, overly vigilant of the preferences of others. Essentially, our main compulsion is avoidance of causing distress in others. Few things make me shake more than a confrontation (对抗). I see this behavior as a response to my childhood, which was filled with intense fear. My single parent had weekly moments of being angry and abusive. I learned early on that my safety depended on my mother’s view of me. So I began to predict what my mother wanted me to do and say. By the time I was in middle school, over-apologizing and shifting my personality to please others became firmly established in my social behavior. For most adult people-pleasers, including me, it feels natural to cling on to (依赖) the comfort of agreeability. Even with my own children, I give up my own authority. I recently noticed that when I say the word “no,” my voice strikes an uncomfortable register. I challenge and displease my clients, but only because it is demanded for effective treatment. People-pleasing is clearly holding me back; but what makes me cling on? I am starting to realize that I am avoiding the uncertainty of people’s reactions. When I am universally agreeable, I rarely have to go outside my comfort zone in interpersonal dynamics. Authentic interactivity with others requires taking a risk. Displeased people are stressful. So the key seems to be exposure. The more interactions I experience where I am not pleasing others, the more comfort I gain with this dynamic. As I practice saying “no,” my voice will naturally deepen. Confidence will come with repetition. Yes, people’s negative reactions are uncertain, but not dangerous. The less I people-please, the more I will welcome growth into my interpersonal relationships. The challenge of others is, in fact, a joyous opportunity. 41．What does the underlined word “vigilant” in the first paragraph mean? A．Tired. B．Fond. C．Uncertain. D．Mindful. 42．Why does the author mention her childhood? A．To justify her approval-seeking behavior. B．To offer an example of people-pleasing behavior. C．To explain the reason for her people-pleasing behavior. D．To stress the effect of family education on one’s social behavior. 43．What prevents the author from getting rid of people-pleasing? A．Her dislike of her authentic self. B．Her fear of facing displeased people. C．Her ignorance of interpersonal dynamics. D．Her misunderstanding of the comfort zone. 44．What does the author suggest to deal with people-pleasing? A．Practice authenticity. B．Interact more with others. C．Ignore people’s negative reactions. D．Seek comfort from existing relationships. Passage 12 （2026·“9+1”联盟·一模） Second place is just the first loser. While the competitive spirit may be as natural as breathing air, it doesn’t always lead to human flourishing and can create misery. Fortunately, there is a formula to solve this problem: instead of always going for gold, shoot for the bronze. Though second place may be the first loser, third place can be the real winner regarding happiness and longevity. In a 1995 study, scholars systematically coded the emotional reactions of silver and bronze medalists in the 1992 Summer Olympic Games. Using slow-motion footage captured both immediately after their events and later on the awards podium (领奖台), researchers found the bronze winners appeared consistently happier on average than the silver medalists. Over 80% of bronze medalists exhibited genuine smiles, a figure that was nearly double that observed among silver medalists. Moreover, every bronze medalist’s smile lasted longer than the average smile observed among the silver medalists. More recent research has looked at the life span of all three medalist categories. A 2018 study tracked the average longevity of those representing the U.S. in the Olympic Games from 1904 to 1936 and found that the athlete whose best performance was silver lived to 72. Gold medalists beat this by four years, living to 76. But first prize in longevity went to the bronze medalists, who lived to 78. The study had a handy explanation for this discrepancy: “Unsatisfactory competition outcomes may adversely affect health.” In other words, silver medalists see themselves as the first loser because they look up to the top step and compare themselves only with the gold medalists, whereas the bronze winners compare themselves favorably with all the others who never made it onto the podium at all. This theory shows the difference between upward and downward social comparison. When we compare ourselves with those who have more money, power, or achievements, we often feel like, well, losers. It tends to lower motivation and increase stress. In contrast, downward comparison makes people feel better about themselves and, thus, happier. The worldly happiness strategy of striving for gold every day is foolish. It tends to lower the intrinsic motivation, and thus enjoyment that people obtain from their activities. The principle at work here is trying to improve your own past performance and the only person to whom you will have to compare yourself is you. 45．What can be learned from the 1995 study? A．Silver medalists showed less happiness than bronze winners. B．Silver medalists’ smiling frequency was close to that of gold medalists. C．The average bronze medalist’s smile lasted longer than every silver medalist’s. D．The emotions of both medalists were unchanged from the events to the podium. 46．What is the cause of the difference in medalists’ life span? A．The stress from downward social comparison. B．The motivation from upward social comparison. C．The effect of different types of social comparison. D．The failure to look up to the top after the competition. 47．What does the writer advise us to do to achieve happiness? A．Learn from the top performers. B．Try to be the best in every field. C．Commit to one’s consistent personal growth. D．Strengthen the motivation to obtain achievement. 48．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The Triumph of Coming in Third B．The Problem of Human Competition C．The Mechanism of Social Comparison D．The Psychology of the Olympic Medalists Passage 13 （2026·温州·一模） Why do some people keep making harmful choices, even when the outcomes are obvious? A new study by UNSW Sydney’s Dr Bressel found that for a small group, the issue isn’t lack of motivation or ability, but rather a subtle (微妙的) but persistent failure to connect their actions with its consequences. The paper, published recently in Nature Communications Psychology, details an online learning game where participants were asked to click between two planets for rewards or to avoid punishment. Researchers observed three behavioural types: Sensitives (avoid bad choices), Unawares (adjust strategies after being told their errors) and Compulsives (still make wrong choices even after learning their mistakes). “Some people don’t learn from experience. Even when motivated to avoid harm, they fail to see their behaviour causes problems,” said Dr Bressel. This study followed past research, which only focused on Australian psychology students, but had key differences: 267 participants from 24 countries (including over 50-year-olds), six-month follow-ups, and post-game surveys on their choices. The same behavioural profiles emerged across cultures and ages. In Australian studies, 35% were Sensitives, 41% Unawares, 23% Compulsives; in the new study, 26% Sensitives, 47% Unawares, 27% Compulsives. Dr Bressel linked more Compulsives to older participants, as cognitive (认知的) flexibility declines with age. Interestingly, when participants were invited back to play the same game six months later, most showed the same behavioural profile. “That was striking,” said Bressel. “These aren’t just random mistakes. They’re almost like personality types. This is not to say they’re fixed, just that they may require intervention to break.” Researchers confirmed Compulsives’ choices weren’t habits: participants could explain their wrong choices. This points to a deeper issue — a failure to integrate new knowledge to minimise bad outcomes. Dr Bressel noted real life is more complex than the game, but the pattern of ignoring experience and information matches compulsory behaviours. The research has important implications for public health messaging. Many campaigns rely on providing information — about smoking, drinking or financial risks — with the assumption that people will act on it. But this study suggests that for some, information alone isn’t enough. “Standard information campaigns work for most — but not for everyone,” Dr Bressel said. “For compulsive individuals, we may need different intervention.” 49．What were participants expected to do in the online learning game? A．Make choices. B．Win awards. C．Observe behaviour. D．Identify errors. 50．What is a striking finding of the new study? A．Cognition declines with age. B．Unawares account for the largest. C．Behavioural patterns are consistent. D．Mistakes influence personality types. 51．What does the author suggest for public health campaigns? A．Increasing lecture frequency. B．Reviewing behavioural errors. C．Developing tailored strategies. D．Enhancing information accuracy. 52．Which is the best title for the text? A．Learning Risks, Behaving Safer. B．Knowing Better, Doing Worse. C．Recognizing Habits, Acting Well. D．Understanding Rules, Breaking All. Passage 14 （2026·湖州·一模） How fast do you listen? Hollywood actor Glen Powell likes 1x listening speed, saying, “I want to hear people talk at a normal human rate,” while American comedian Bowen Yang believes 1.8x is the perfect pace. Their debate went viral earlier this year in an advertisement for a streaming platform, which was criticized for suggesting that people who listen quickly are unusual. The controversy reflects a broader change in how people consume digital media. Surveys support this observation. A survey showed that 31% of Americans aged 18-29 listen faster than 1x, compared with only 8% of those over 45. To meet this demand, many platforms such as Apple, Spotify, Netflix and YouTube now provide fast playback (播放) options. Some even allow speeds up to 4x for premium users. The appeal is easy to understand: faster playback can save a large amount of time. YouTube once reported that its viewers together saved more than 900 years per day thanks to this feature. For busy students and workers, such efficiency is attractive. But does speeding affect comprehension? The average person speaks at a rate of about 150 words per minute, but most brains are capable of processing information faster than that, says Marcus Pearce, a cognitive scientist at Queen Mary University of London. A recent meta-analysis led by academics at the University of Waterloo in Canada found that up to 1.5x there was not much of a difference in performance, although scores started to decrease noticeably as playback speeds approached or exceeded 2x. The practice has also raised different opinions. From the platforms’ perspective, faster speeds mean users consume more content, which increases advertising income. But many performers argue that something artistic is lost. Reading aloud involves pacing, tone and pause, and rushing may damage the quality of a performance. Imagine the famous monologues (独白) in Hamlet delivered at double speed — much of the meaning would disappear. Despite the disagreements, fast playback has become part of daily life for many people. For them, to speed or not to speed is no longer a real question. 53．What can be learned about the controversy from paragraph 1? A．An advertisement is well received. B．People prefer different listening speeds. C．Digital media is a topic of much debate. D．Streaming platforms are part of daily life. 54．Why did many platforms introduce faster playback options? A．To attract more elderly listeners. B．To respond to the users’ needs. C．To help people’s comprehension. D．To cut content production costs. 55．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Hamlet? A．To stress fast speed harms art. B．To show people favor classic works. C．To prove actors dislike fast playback. D．To suggest modern audiences lack patience. 56．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The need for fast playback B．The argument over an advertisement C．Higher speed, more profit D．Speedier streaming, less meaning Passage 15 （2026·宁波·一模） David Uttal, a scientist at Northwestern University, has always been poor at finding his way. At 13, he got lost on a Boy Scout hike for two and a half days. The world is full of people like Uttal- and their opposites, the folks who always seem to know exactly where they are and how to get where they want to go. These differences are obvious, but explaining them has proved challenging. Now, research using virtual reality suggests that to some extent, navigational (导航的) skills are shaped by upbringing. A 2020 study highlighted this. The researchers compared the performance of more than 2,600 twins as they navigated through a virtual environment to test whether navigational ability runs in families. It does, they found — but only modestly. Instead, the biggest contributor to people’s performance was what geneticists call “nonshared environmental factors” — the unique experiences each person accumulates as their life unfolds. Good navigators, it appears, are mostly made, not born. Another large-scale experiment provided further insight. Researchers developed a smartphone game, “Sea Hero Quest”, in which players navigate through a virtual environment to locate checkpoints. Based on data from nearly four million players worldwide, they discovered that cultural factors were linked to wayfinding skills. People from Nordic countries, where the navigation sport of orienteering is popular, performed slightly better. Results like these suggest that life experience may be one of the biggest determinants of navigational ability. Indeed, experience may even underlie one of the most consistent findings in navigation: that men tend to perform better than women. Turns out this gender gap is more a question of culture and experience than of born ability. Nordic countries, for example, where gender equality is greatest, show almost no gender difference in navigation. In contrast, men far outperform women in places where women face cultural restrictions on exploring their environment. To Uttal, these findings carry an optimistic implication. “The good news is that navigation is trainable,” he notes, “It’s never too late to become a better navigator. You just need to give yourself opportunities to explore and pay attention to your surroundings.” 57．What did the 2020 study on twins reveal about navigational ability? A．It is largely determined by genes. B．It is learned through experience. C．It varies little among individuals. D．It remains constant in a person’s life. 58．How was the “Sea Hero Quest” experiment conducted? A．By testing brain activity during play. B．By observing how players navigate. C．By comparing the Nordics with others. D．By analyzing smartphone game data. 59．Why do men often outperform women in navigation? A．Men benefit from practicing sports. B．Women lack interest in doing so. C．Men possess stronger space memory. D．Women have fewer chances to explore. 60．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．What Can “Sea Hero Quest” Teach Us? B．Why Do Some People Always Get Lost? C．How Does VR Improve Navigational Skills? D．Who Are Better Navigators: Men or Women? Passage 16 （2026·湖州·一模） A study covering 12 countries and over 3,500 people has found something new when it comes to people’s decision-making preferences. The study offers the first test challenging a long-standing assumption that people from group-oriented societies, cultures that emphasize collective thinking and community harmony, are naturally more likely to seek advice from others and that individualistic cultures like the United States are expected to favor going it alone. The study found that people — from community members and university students in countries like Japan, Germany, and Canada to Indigenous (土生土长的) Amazonian rainforest communities — most often preferred personal thinking for decision-making, followed by relying on gut instincts (直觉). Asking friends for advice ranked third, while seeking input from larger groups was generally least preferred. The international research team conducted what they called the first wide-ranging investigation of decision-making preferences across diverse cultures. The study included participants from wealthy nations like Germany, Japan, and Canada, as well as developing countries including Morocco, Ecuador, and South Africa. They also spoke with members of two Indigenous Amazonian communities, the Shiwiar and Shipibo peoples, who live in small-sized societies that rely heavily on collective decision-making for village governance. Participants read six everyday situations requiring difficult choices made by them alone. Some involved picking between two equally attractive options. Others presented a conflict like helping a neighbor prepare their field instead of finishing one’s own work. For each situation, people chose from four decision-making approaches: relying on gut feelings, thinking it through carefully on their own, asking trusted friends for advice, or seeking input from a broader crowd. They also rated how wise they considered each approach and how good they expected to feel about decisions made using each method. The study suggested personal thinking topped the charts everywhere, preferred by 37% to 60% of participants depending on the country. It highlights an interesting contradiction in human behavior. Scientific evidence shows that seeking advice often improves decision quality: Others can point out blind spots, share useful experience, and help avoid mental prejudices. 61．What does the long-held concept think Americans do when making decisions? A．Trust their gut instincts. B．Practice self-reliance. C．Seek friends’ advice. D．Consult larger groups. 62．What’s the team’s purpose in choosing the Shiwiar and Shipibo peoples? A．To increase the samples’ diversity. B．To confirm their thinking strategies. C．To demonstrate their unique cultures. D．To promote remote community culture. 63．What might participants encounter during the test? A．Tough moral-decision questions. B．Group discussion requirements. C．Diverse advice assessed by friends. D．Collective wisdom from partners. 64．What’s the best title for the text? A．Group Decision Weaknesses B．Personal Preference Contradiction C．Cross Cultural Communication Tricks D．Global Insights into Decision-Making Passage 17 （2026·杭州·一模） “When my husband does the dishes he always leaves some plates in the sink, some surface unwiped. I tried to correct the behavior until I remembered that if I finish everything in my Work in Progress folder I’m afraid I’ll die,” Sarah Manguso once said. Yet the truth is that completion recharges energy, rather than using it up. Perfectionists love to begin new projects, because as long as you haven’t done any work on a project, it’s possible to believe that the end result might match the ideal in your mind. By contrast, finishing things means struggling your way through the messy, imperfect reality. Social psychologists describe what’s going on here with “construal level theory”, which refers to the way we envision objects and events from different mental altitudes. For example, when considering how to spend your next summer holiday, you’re likely to picture it from 30,000 feet — “going to the beach”, or “hiking in the mountains”. But when it nears, you start focusing on details like which beach, or mountain trails. Similarly, any major undertaking starts as outlines, smooth; only when digging in do you face imperfections and then mistakenly assume that a new project might be free of them. And yet, in reality, repeatedly starting but rarely finishing things is a recipe for suffering. People think finishing things “would exhaust even more of their energy and they get tired just thinking about it”, Steve Chandler writes. They don’t see “that leaving things unfinished is what’s causing the low levels of energy”. The trick to finishing things is simply to redefine what counts as finished. Instead of viewing a project’s completion as only occasional, after days or weeks of work, think of your days as sequential (连续的) small “deliverables.” Each ending provides an energy-boost for the next. “Work is done, then forgotten,” says the Tao Te Ching (《道德经》), “Therefore it lasts forever.” You’re no longer fighting the current, but letting it carry you forward. 65．According to paragraph 2, perfectionists ________. A．see a job through its end B．tend to start new projects repeatedly C．focus not on the result but on the process D．solve problems efficiently without much effort 66．Which is the best understanding of “construal level theory”? A．Early plan simplifies tasks. B．Unfinished work exhausts energy. C．Abstract goals are less motivating. D．Judgement shifts with mental distance. 67．What does the underlined word “deliverables” in paragraph 5 probably refer to? A．Tracking tools. B．Valuable parcels. C．Finished tasks. D．Demanding projects. 68．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Truth of Completion B．The Power of Imperfection C．A Guide to Starting Projects D．Perfectionism in Daily Work Passage 18 （2026·江浙皖·一模） Even people who have never read Tolstoy are often familiar with his famous opening line to Anna Karenina: “All happy families are alike; each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.” The quote is so well known because it resonates (共鸣) with people’s experience, and psychologists have investigated if it might apply to the individual as well as the collective. A team led by Dr Yanagisawa Kuniaki of Kobe University combined approaches used in psychology and neuroscience by challenging 87 people to imagine specific future events happening to them while lying in an fMRI machine. The sample group was purposely chosen to include people with a mix of future expectations. The team found participants who were more optimistic showed greater similarities in the patterns of their brain activity in a region involved in future-oriented thinking. Meanwhile, pessimists’ brains produced different maps from each other when given the same stimuli. “We’re not saying that optimists have identical thoughts about the future,” said Yanagisawa. “Rather, we can say that they appear to think in the same way — structurally.” The researchers also found that optimistic people showed bigger differences between brain patterns for emotionally positive and negative events than pessimists did. Many past studies have revealed benefits to optimism such as better health. But this doesn’t necessarily mean that optimism is a good trait and pessimism is a bad one. The research revealed something that might give us pause. Optimism isn’t an unquestioned good. Any ancient human population composed entirely of optimists probably died crossing rivers because they convinced themselves there would be no crocodiles or starved because they didn’t prepare for bad seasons. This work also hints at the possibility that the individuality that comes with pessimism lends itself to more diverse approaches to problems, with a greater chance that one will succeed than the optimists who all try the same thing. “The brains of optimists may in a very physical sense share a common concept of the future. But this raises new questions. Is this shared mechanism something they are born with or is it woven in later?” Yanagisawa pondered (沉思). He ultimately believes this work can help us better understand how people relate to each other and what sometimes prevents empathy. 69．Why does the author quote the opening line to Anna Karenina? A．To recommend Tolstoy’s book. B．To introduce the research topic. C．To share Tolstoy’s insights into life. D．To unlock its philosophical wisdom. 70．It can be learnt from the research that when imagining future events, ______. A．pessimists tend to be emotional B．optimists have the same thoughts C．pessimists expect negative outcomes D．optimists think alike in a structural sense 71．What can be implied from paragraph 5? A．Pessimists are effective problem solvers. B．Pessimists have a better perception of life. C．Optimism and pessimism are interchangeable. D．Optimism can be damaging when taken to extreme. 72．What is mainly talked about in the last paragraph? A．Expectations for future study. B．Potential application of the findings. C．A reasonable doubt about the findings. D．A summary of the previous paragraphs. 主题03人与社会——社会·文化 Passage 19 （2026·十二校·一模） Social media influencer marketing has become an increasingly popular strategy for brands to reach consumers. Influencers, with their large followings and the ability to engage audiences, are seen as powerful tools for promoting products and services. However, while influencer marketing shows great potential, its effectiveness metrics, mainly centered around follower count, engagement rate, and reach, have significant limitations. These metrics are good at identifying influencers with a wide audience reach, but they struggle to distinguish between influencers who can drive actual sales and those who only generate surface-level engagement. For example, an influencer might have a high number of followers and a seemingly impressive engagement rate, but their audience may not be the right target for a particular brand’s products. This means that a brand could invest heavily in an influencer campaign based on these metrics, only to see minimal return on investment. This limitation may not be a major concern for brands that focus on increasing brand awareness in a broad sense. But for those aiming to achieve specific business goals, such as driving e-commerce sales or boosting product sign-ups, it can lead to wasted resources and missed opportunities. In their current form, these effectiveness metrics have several drawbacks. First, follower count can be inflated through fake followers or bots, creating a false impression of an influencer’s reach. Engagement rates can also be misleading, as some influencers may use tactics like “like-for-like” exchanges or buy fake comments to artificially boost numbers. Moreover, the concept of reach doesn’t consider the quality of the audience reached. A large reach among an uninterested or mismatched audience is of little value to a brand. To address these issues and provide brands with a more accurate understanding of an influencer’s true value, several solutions can be considered. One approach is to analyze an influencer’s audience demographics in more detail. Brands should look beyond basic metrics and study factors such as the age, gender, location, interests, and purchasing behavior of an influencer’s followers. By doing so, they can determine whether the influencer’s audience aligns with their target market. Another key measure is to track the actual conversion rates resulting from influencer campaigns. Instead of relying solely on engagement and reach, brands should monitor how many clicks, purchases, or sign-ups an influencer drives. This data provides a more direct indication of an influencer’s ability to generate business results. Additionally, brands can conduct A/B testing, comparing the performance of different influencers or influencer strategies, to identify the most effective approaches. While these effectiveness metrics alone can’t ensure the success of influencer marketing campaigns, implementing these improvements can make the evaluation process more reliable. This, in turn, helps brands make more informed decisions, optimize their marketing budgets, and achieve better results from influencer partnerships. 73．What function can the current effectiveness metrics of influencer marketing serve? A．They can help brands accurately measure sales growth. B．They can assist in identifying influencers with broad reach. C．They can guarantee a high return on investment for brands. D．They can effectively distinguish high-performing influencers. 74．What can be inferred from an influencer having a high engagement rate? A．Their audience is highly interested in the promoted products. B．They are definitely capable of driving significant sales. C．The engagement rate might not reflect real influence. D．They have a large number of loyal and active followers. 75．What contributes to a more accurate evaluation of an influencer’s value? A．Focusing solely on the follower count and reach. B．Relying on the engagement rate as the main criterion. C．Analyzing the demographics and conversion rates of the audience. D．Conducting surveys about the influencer’s personal reputation. 76．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To compare different influencer marketing strategies. B．To expose the false data in influencer marketing metrics. C．To present the advantages of influencer marketing. D．To propose improvements for influencer marketing effectiveness metrics Passage 20 （2026·新阵地·一模） Why do some people feel such a strong bond with celebrities, and what does this reveal about their personality and values? A new study published in the International Journal of Psychology has found that people who strongly admire celebrities tend to score higher in both materialism and narcissism (自恋). The study also found that people who perceive themselves as similar to their favorite celebrity are more likely to have these attitudes. The study, conducted by Davis, Locker, and Williams, recruited 215 undergraduates, mostly women, who completed a battery of questionnaires measuring their attitudes toward celebrities, materialistic values, and narcissistic tendencies. Participants also answered newly created questions that assessed how similar they felt to their favorite celebrity in terms of personality, appearance, or lifestyle. Celebrity worship was assessed with the Celebrity Attitude Scale (量表). Materialism was measured by examining how much value people place on owning things, how important possessions are to their identity, and whether they believe material goods make them happier. Narcissism was measured in two forms: grandiose narcissism (characterized by confidence, entitlement, and dominance) and vulnerable narcissism (marked by insecurity, sensitivity to criticism, and a preoccupation with self-image). The results showed a consistent relationship between celebrity worship and materialism. People who scored higher on celebrity worship also tended to place greater importance on money, status, and possessions. When it came to narcissism, only the vulnerable type, people with higher levels of emotional insecurity and self-focus, were more likely to feel strongly connected to celebrities. Most importantly, perceived similarity — whether in appearance, behavior, or personality — stood out as one of the strongest predictors of celebrity worship. The researchers concluded, “celebrity worship is a complex construct, but perceived similarity with a favorite celebrity and vulnerable narcissism may be fruitful avenues for future research.” Still, an important question remains: do people idolize celebrities because they already feel similar to them, or do they start to see themselves as similar after forming an emotional attachment? 77．What is paragraph 2 about? A．The research background. B．The research subjects. C．The research results. D．The research method. 78．According to the study, who are more likely to worship celebrities? A．Those indifferent to wealth and social status. B．Those valuing self-confidence and dominance. C．Those emotionally insecure and self-focused. D．Those seeking spiritual growth beyond possessions. 79．According to the researchers, what might be a direction of future research? A．Celebrity worship. B．Grandiose narcissism. C．Materialism. D．Perceived similarity. 80．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To explain celebrity worship psychology. B．To warn against the dangers of celebrity culture. C．To criticize celebrity materialism and narcissism. D．To describe scales for measuring personality traits. Passage 21 （2026·精诚联盟·一模） Innovation consultants advise their clients to “think outside the box” to boost creativity and adaptability. So, what is this box, and how does one think outside it? Originally, the “box” traces back to the nine-dot problem. The goal of this classic puzzle is simple: Connect all the dots in a 9-dot array (点阵) using no more than four straight lines and without lifting your pen from the page. If this puzzle has you stuck, you’re not alone. The nine equally spaced dots give the impression of a square or box. Without realizing it, you may assume that the lines must be drawn within the boundaries of the dots. To solve the puzzle, you must let go of that assumption — you must think outside the box! In the correct solutions, the lines always extend outside of the square. For starters, we’re not computers; we take mental shortcuts. We rely on life experience and context to make educated guesses when faced with ambiguous (含糊的) or partial information. In the nine-dot problem, we instantly recognize the pattern of a square, despite the missing lines. We choose shortcuts when we have limited time or information; in other words, because we have no alternative. But we also cut corners out of habit. In the words of psychologist Susan Fiske, we are cognitive misers (认知吝啬鬼) — we spend as little of our cognitive resources as possible. So, although we interpret situations quickly, we rarely doubt the truthfulness of these first impressions. As a result, we may find ourselves restricted by our own false assumptions — stuck in the “box”. Innovative thinking emphasizes change. It begins with a simple act: making a conscious effort to see things from different angles. This practice naturally leads you to question the present situation and think unconventionally, breaking you free from the norm (标准). By definition, this sort of thinking is more original. An open and flexible mind also allows one to adapt more easily to unexpected situations. And best of all, you don’t have to be an innovator or entrepreneur to think outside the box. By embracing little changes, you’ll automatically become more flexible. 81．Which of the following is a possible answer to the 9-dot problem? A． B． C． D． 82．What does the “box” refer to in the text? A．Classic puzzles. B．Quick solutions. C．False assumptions. D．Constant Innovations. 83．Which of the following is a reason for taking shortcuts? A．A lack of reliable first impressions. B．Limited life experience and context. C．Restricted creativity and imagination. D．A tendency to minimize cognitive effort. 84．What is the key to developing innovative thinking? A．Understanding the norm. B．Exploring new perspectives. C．Adapting to the changing world. D．Accepting unexpected situations. 2 / 53 1 / 53 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $