【中职专用】虚拟语气-语法专项突破

职教高考 语法专项 （七） 虚拟语气 学习导航 语气定义 虚拟语气 的用法 课堂精练 虚拟语气 第一部分 第二部分 第三部分 Last night, I had a wonderful dream. If I could fly like a bird, I would travel around the world. I would visit many beautiful countries and make friends with people everywhere. If I had wings, I would not stay in one place. Look at the blue sky! Listen to the wind. Open your heart and follow your dreams. Believe in yourself and never give up. When I woke up, I smiled. If I worked hard, my dream might come true one day. A Special Wish 虚拟语气 叙述的内容与事实相反，无法实现的愿望。 Lead in 语气： 是动词的一种形式，表明说话者的目的和意图，主要有四种语气： 陈述语气，疑问语气，祈使语气，虚拟语气。 第一部分 语气定义 陈述一个事实或提出一种想法的语气。 Things are looking up. 用来提出请求，邀请，忠告，指示，警告，命令等的语气。 用来表示主观愿望和假想的语气。 If I were you, I would forgive him. 陈述语气 Do you have a camera? 用来提出问题或询问情况的语气。 疑问语气 祈使语气 Hurry up! 虚拟语气 1.虚拟语气在条件句中的使用 第二部分 虚拟语气的用法 2.虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法 3.虚拟语气在状语从句中的使用 4.虚拟语气的特殊结构 虚拟语气的用法 ①真实条件句：实现的可能性非常大，常用if, unless, once, as/so long as, on condition that 等引导。 If I have time, I’ll come over to see you. I won’t go to the party unless they invite me. 1.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 第二部分 虚拟语气的用法 如果我有时间，我就来看你。 除非他们邀请我，否则我不会参加聚会。 条件从句： 过去式（be用were） 主句： would (should,could,might）+动词原形 If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic. ②虚拟条件句：指不能实现或纯属假想的情况。 可以对现在、过去、将来进行假想 如果不下雨，我们就去野餐。 If I were ten years younger, I would take part in this sports meeting. 如果我年轻十岁，我会参加这次运动会。 第二部分 虚拟语气的用法 1.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 条件句中谓语动词为be时，无论主语是单数还是复数， 书面语中一般用 were ②-1与现在情况相反 Notice 条件从句： had+过去分词 主句: would(should,could,might)+have+过去分词 If you had been there last night, nothing would have happened. 如果昨天晚上你在这里，一切都不会发生了。 If it had not been for your help yesterday, I couldn’t have caught the train. 如果昨天没有你的帮助，我就赶不上火车。 第二部分 虚拟语气的用法 1.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 ②-2与过去情况相反 第二部分 虚拟语气的用法 1.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 ②-3与过去情况相反 条件从句： should+动词原形 were to+ 动词原形 主句： would (should,could,might）+动词原形 If it should fail , I would try again. 如果我失败，我会再次尝试。 If I were to do the job, I would do it in a different way. 要是我来做这项工作，我会用另一种方法。 ③错综情况的虚拟：条件从句的动作和主句 表示的动作发生的时间不一致。 If it had rained last night, it might be very cold today. If条件句是对过去情况的假设，所以用过去完成时， 主句是对现在情况的假设，所以用would do 形式。 第二部分 虚拟语气的用法 1.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 Focus If you __________(take)my advice then, you ___________ (not be) in trouble now. 如果当时听我的劝告，你现在就不会有麻烦了 If she were to leave, I would __________ (hear)about it. 如果她要走，我早就知道了。 had taken wouldn’t be have heard ④含蓄情况的虚拟：不是直接通过条件句表示，而是用一些词或短语来说明，如：without, but for, otherwise等。 Without electricity, the world would be dark. 第二部分 虚拟语气的用法 1.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 如果没有电，世界会是一片黑暗。 But for your advice, I wouldn’t have made such great progress. 如果当时不是你的建议，我不会取得这么大的进步。 (If there were no electricity) (If it hadn’t been for your advice) 表示“建议，命令，要求，坚决做”等动词后的 宾语从句谓语常用“ should +动词原形”。 这样用的动词有：insist, demand, desire, request, require, propose, suggest, advise, command, order, recommend 等。 I suggest you (should) have enough sleep. 我建议你睡足觉。 My parents advise I (should) not watch too much TV. 我父母劝我不要看太多的电视。 2.虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法 第二部分 虚拟语气的用法 ①虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法 suggest表示“使人想到，暗示” insist 表示“坚持认为，坚持说” 则不用虚拟语气 The smile on his face suggested that he agreed to this plan. 他脸上的笑容表明他同意这项计划。 The boy insisted that he hadn’t broken the window. 男孩坚持说他没有打碎窗户 2.虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法 第二部分 虚拟语气的用法 ①虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法 NOTICE 不是 虚拟语气哟 13 I insisted that he was a good student. His face suggested that he was angry. 我坚持认为他是好学生。 他的脸色暗示他很生气。 2.虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法 第二部分 虚拟语气的用法 ①虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法 不 是 虚拟语气呦 ֎wish在虚拟语气中的用法 ●I wish I had known the answer to the question. wish后面的宾语从句 用一般过去时表示现在相反的情况， 用过去完成时表示与过去相反的情况， 用would/could do表示与将来相反的情况。 ●I wish I lived on the seashore. 我要是住在海滨就好了。 我要是知道答案就好了。 2.虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法 第二部分 虚拟语气的用法 ①虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法 （与现在相反） （与过去相反） ●I wish I could know the answer to this question. 我要是知道问题的答案就好了。 （与将来相反） ֎would rather的用法 I would rather you didn’t smoke. I would rather you came to my party. would rather 后的从句 用一般过去时表示与现在或将来相反的情况， 用过去完成时表示与过去相反的情况。 我希望你不抽烟。 我多么希望你来参加我的聚会。 2.虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法 第二部分 虚拟语气的用法 （与现在相反） （与将来相反） I would rather you hadn’t let out the secret. 我真希望你没有把这个秘密泄露出去。 （与过去相反） ①虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法 It is necessary that you should be present at the meeting. 常用的词：necessary, important, natural, strange, demanded, ordered, proposed, required, suggested. 在以下结构的主语从句中，谓语动词用“should +动词原形” should 可以省略。 It is important that we (should) think before we decide. 三思而后行是非常必要的。 2.虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法 第二部分 虚拟语气的用法 ②虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用 It is/was +形容词(过去分词，名词)+that+should +动词原形 你有必要出席这个会议。 ③虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的使用 常用名词如下： advice, demand, idea, order, plan, proposal, suggestion, request. 当句子的主语是表示“建议，要求，命令，主张”的名词时，表语从句谓语常用should +动词原形的结构。 2.虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法 第二部分 虚拟语气的用法 ●Our decision is that the meeting (should )be put off. 我们的决定是推迟会议。 ●Doctors give us some advice that we (should) pay more attention to our health. 医生建议我们多注意自己的身体。 ③虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的使用 2.虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法 第二部分 虚拟语气的用法 ●My suggestion is that we should walk home instead of taking a taxi. 我的建议是走着回去，不坐出租车。 ●He made a suggestion that they should hold an English speech contest. 他提议他们举行一次英语演讲比赛。 （表语从句） （表语从句） （同位语从句） （同位语从句） ①as if ,as though在虚拟语气中的用法 He speaks English as if he were an Englishman. He talked about the city as if he had been there before. 3.虚拟语气在状语从句中的使用 As if, as though,引导状语从句时，用一般过去时表示现在事实相反，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。 他的英语讲的就好像他是英国人。 他谈论起这座城市就好像他以前去过一样。 第二部分 虚拟语气的用法 ②用于目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的短语为： so that, in order that, for fear that, in case等， 从句谓语常用”should(may, might, can, could , would)+动词原形 He raised his hand up so that he could be seen. 他举起手，以便人们能看见他。 Bring some money in case you might use it later. 带一些钱，以备之后使用。 3.虚拟语气在状语从句中的使用 第二部分 虚拟语气的用法 ①省略if的虚拟语气，需倒装 If I had known he was in trouble, I might have managed to help him. Had I known he was in trouble, I might have managed to help him 4.虚拟语气的特殊结构 在含有had, were, should的虚拟条件句中，if可以省略， 将 had, were, should放在主语之前，构成部分倒装句。 第二部分 虚拟语气的用法 如果我知道他有困难，我会设法帮助他的。 省略If,将had置于句首，构成部分倒装句。 ②表示祝愿 的话语 Long live peace! 和平万岁 ③It is (high) time that…句型 It’s time we started off. 我们该出发了。 从句通常用一般过去时 It’s high time we had a rest. 我们早该休息了。 4.虚拟语气的特殊结构 第二部分 虚拟语气的用法 ④if only 句型 If only 表示“要是…就好了”， 后面的虚拟语气的用法与wish1后面的用法相同。 If only I were younger. 我要是年轻一些就好了。 If only she would listen to me carefully. 但愿她能仔细听我讲话。 If only I had written his phone number. 如果我记下他的电话号码就好了。 4.虚拟语气的特殊结构 第二部分 虚拟语气的用法 1.虚拟语气在条件句中的使用 2.虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法 ①真实条件句：实现的可能性非常大. ②虚拟条件句：指不能实现或纯属假想的情况。可以对现在、过去、将来进行假想 ③错综情况的虚拟：条件从句的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间不一致。 ④含蓄情况的虚拟：不是直接通过条件句表示，而是用一些词或短语来说明，如：without, but for, otherwise等。 ①虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法 ②虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用 ③虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的使用 虚拟语气的用法 课堂小结 3.虚拟语气在状语从句中的使用 4.虚拟语气的特殊结构 ① as if ,as though在虚拟语气中的用法 ②用于目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的短语为：so that, in order that, for fear that, in case等，从句谓语常用”should(may, might, can, could , would)+动词原形 ①省略if的虚拟语气，需倒装 ②表示祝愿的话语 ③It is (high) time that…句型 ④if only 句型 If only 表示“要是…就好了”，后面的虚拟语气的用法与wish1后面的用法相同。 课堂小结 虚拟语气的用法 (1) If he had worked hard, he might have passed the exam. _________________, he might have passed the exam. (4) If I were you, I would get up early every morning. ___________, I would get up early every morning. (2) If I had reviewed your lessons, you might have passed the examination. __________________________, you might have passed the examination. (3) If she were here, she would help us. _____________, she would help us. ① 将下列句子改成部分倒装句 Had he worked hard Had I reviewed your lessons Were she here Were I you 第三部分 课堂精练 课堂精练 1.If only I __________ a bird. I would fly wherever I want. A. were B. am C. was D. will be 2. If it had not rained so hard yesterday, we _________________ to Shanghai. A. should have gone B. should go C. go D.. went 3.With a little care, the traffic accident ____________________________. would not have happened B. would not happen C. will not have happened D. could not have happened 4.______________ free tomorrow, I could go with you. A. Must I be B. I must be C. Should I be D. I Should be 5. I wish I _______ what to do. A. know B. knew C. have known D. will know were should have gone would not have happened Should I be knew ② 选择正确答案填空 课堂精练 第三部分 课堂精练 6. He insisted that the windows ______________ when he slept. were not closed B. shouldn’t close C. be not closed D. not be closed 7. The teacher suggested that John ________ his homework again. A. does B. do C. did D. must do 8. It’s time we __________ the lecture in the hall. A. Should listen B. attended C. would attend D. shall have 9. But for your timely arrival, she ___________________ drowned. A. Is B. will be C. would have been D. would 10. Without sunlight or water or air, there __________ no life on the earth. A. Will have B. would be C. should be D. must be not be closed do attended would have been would be 课堂精练 ② 选择正确答案填空 第三部分 课堂精练 感谢观看 $