内容正文:
知识清单・大同版三年级下册
Unit1 All about fruit
知识梳理
知识点拨
【考点一】this/that 与 these/those 的用法区别 【考点二】How many 句型的用法
【考点三】a 与 an 的用法区别 【考点四】11-20 数字的拼写与用法
【考点一】this/that 与 these/those 的用法区别
1. 核心含义与指代范围
1) this(这个):指代近处的单数人或事物,距离说话人较近。
2) that(那个):指代远处的单数人或事物,距离说话人较远。
3) these(这些):this 的复数形式,指代近处的复数人或事物。
4) those(那些):that 的复数形式,指代远处的复数人或事物。
2. 句型应用与例句
句型结构
例句
场景说明
Is this a/an + 单数名词?
Is this an orange?(这是橙子吗?)
询问手边的单个水果
Is that a/an + 单数名词?
Is that a pear?(那是梨吗?)
询问远处货架上的单个水果
Are these + 复数名词?
Are these strawberries?(这些是草莓吗?)
询问眼前的一堆水果
Are those + 复数名词?
Are those grapes?(那些是葡萄吗?)
询问远处篮子里的水果
3. 注意事项
1) 回答时需用 it 指代 this/that,用 they 指代 these/those,不可直接重复名词。
2) 名词前的冠词:以元音音素开头的单数名词前用 an(如 an apple, an orange),以辅音音素开头的用 a(如 a banana, a pear)。
【大显身手】
一、单项选择题
( )1. —______ that a watermelon?
—Yes, it is.
A. Are B. Is C. What
( )2. Are ______ bananas? They look fresh.
A. this B. that C. these
( )3. —Is this a lemon?
—No, ______ isn’t. It’s a grape.
A. it B. they C. this
( )4. Those ______ oranges. They are big.
A. is B. are C. am
( )5. —What is ______?
—It’s a strawberry.
A. these B. those C. this
【考点二】How many 句型的用法
1. 核心结构
1) 问句:How many + 复数名词 + are there?(有多少个……?)
2) 答句:There are + 数字 + 复数名词.(有…… 个。)
2. 解析与例句
1) How many 是专门用于询问可数名词数量的疑问词组,后面必须跟复数名词。
2) 例:How many apples are there?(有多少个苹果?)
There are twelve apples.(有 12 个苹果。)
3) 数字 11-20 的拼写要注意:eleven(11)、twelve(12)为特殊拼写,thirteen(13)至 nineteen(19)均以 - teen 结尾,twenty(20)为特殊拼写。
3. 易错点
1) 不可遗漏复数名词:How many pear?(错误)→ How many pears?(正确)
2) 答句中 be 动词的单复数:There is fifteen bananas.(错误)→ There are fifteen bananas.(正确)
【大显身手】
一、根据句意填空
1. How many ______(grape)are there? There are nineteen.
2. There are ______(twelve)oranges on the table.
3. —How many strawberries are there?
—There are ______(fifteen).
4. How many ______(watermelon)are there? There are two.
二、改写句子
1. There are eighteen bananas.(对划线部分提问)
______ ______ bananas are there?
2. There are eleven pears.(改为一般疑问句)
______ ______ eleven pears?
【考点三】a 与 an 的用法区别
1. 核心规则
1) a 用于以辅音音素开头的单词前(注意:是发音,不是字母)。
2) an 用于以元音音素开头的单词前(a, e, i, o, u 开头的单词多为元音音素,但需结合发音判断)。
2. 单元内重点例词
用 a 的情况
用 an 的情况
a banana, a grape, a pear, a watermelon
an apple, an orange, an ant
3. 注意事项
1) 单词开头的字母不决定冠词,发音才决定。如:a university(juː开头,辅音音素),an hour(aʊ开头,元音音素)。
2) 单元内水果类单词中,apple 和 orange 以元音音素开头,必须用 an;其他水果单词以辅音音素开头,用 a。
【大显身手】
一、用 a 或 an 填空
1. ______ apple 2. ______ pear 3. ______ orange 4. ______ grape 5. ______ lemon
【考点四】11-20 数字的拼写与用法
1. 拼写规律
1) 11(eleven)、12(twelve):特殊拼写,无规律,需单独记忆。
2) 13(thirteen)-19(nineteen):均由 “3-9 的基数词 + -teen” 构成,注意 thirteen(不是 thriteen)、fifteen(不是 fiveteen)的拼写。
3) 20(twenty):特殊拼写,结尾为 - ty,区别于 teen。
2. 用法场景
1) 与 How many 句型搭配,回答数量。
2) 直接修饰复数名词:twelve strawberries, twenty watermelons。
写作指引
一、写作
请以 “My Favorite Fruit” 为题,写一篇短文,介绍你最喜欢的水果,包括它的名称、外观、你喜欢它的原因,以及你会用它做什么(如制作水果沙拉)。要求:
1. 句子通顺,逻辑清晰;
2. 不少于 5 句话。
(一)写作指导(分 3 步,可直接套用)
第一步:梳理写作思路(先想 “4 个关键信息”)
关键部分
句型结构(举例)
1. 点明最喜欢的水果
My favorite fruit is ... / I like ... best.
2. 描述水果的外观(颜色、形状等)
It is ...(color). It is ...(big/small/sweet).
3. 说明喜欢的原因
It is tasty/healthy. / I think it is delicious.
4. 拓展用途
I can put it in the fruit salad. / I eat it every day.
第二步:拆解写作结构(分 “开头 - 中间 - 结尾”,每部分写 1-2 句)
1. 开头:点明主题,说出最喜欢的水果。
2. 中间:描述水果的特征和喜欢的原因。
3. 结尾:说明水果的用途或表达喜爱之情。
第三步:必用核心句型(标注单元来源,确保扣题)
1. 表达喜好:I like this/that ...(Unit1 Discover)
2. 描述特征:It is ...(Unit1 Understand)
3. 数量表达:There are ...(Unit1 Discover)
4. 用途表达:I can put ... in the fruit salad.(Unit1 Apply)
(二)范文
My Favorite Fruit
Hello! My name is Li Wenbo. My favorite fruit is strawberries. They are red and small. They are very sweet and tasty. I like them because they are healthy. I often put strawberries in my fruit salad. I eat them every day. I think strawberries are the best fruit!
综合训练
一、情景选择题
( )1. 当你在超市想问妈妈 “那些是香蕉吗?”,你会说:______
A. Are those bananas? B. Is that a banana? C. Are these bananas?
( )2. 当你想知道盘子里有多少个橙子,你会问:______
A. How many orange are there? B. How many oranges are there? C. What are these?
( )3. 当同学问你 “这是梨吗?”,你确认后会回答:______
A. Yes, it is. B. No, it isn’t. C. Yes, they are.
( )4. 当你想表达 “我喜欢这些葡萄”,你会说:______
A. I like that grape. B. I like these grapes. C. I like those grapes.
( )5. 当你看到远处有一个水果,想问 “那是西瓜吗?”,你会说:______
A. Is this a watermelon? B. Is that a watermelon? C. Are those watermelons?
二、根据括号内提示或上下文,补全单词或用所给词的正确形式填空
1. Is this ______(a/an)apple? It looks big.
2. How many ______(pear)are there? There are sixteen.
3. Are those ______(strawberry)? No, they aren’t.
4. I like ______(this)bananas. They are sweet.
5. There ______(be)twenty grapes on the plate.
三、从方框中选择合适的单词,补全句子(有两项是多余的)this that these those a an is are
1. ______ is a lemon. It is sour.
2. ______ are oranges. They are orange.
3. Is ______ a pear? Yes, it is.
4. Are ______ grapes? No, they aren’t.
5. I have ______ banana and ______ apple.
四、将 A 栏的问句与 B 栏的答句用线连起来
A 栏 B 栏
1. Is this an orange? A. There are twelve.
2. Are those strawberries? B. Yes, it is.
3. How many apples are there? C. No, they aren’t. They are grapes.
4. What is that? D. I like bananas best.
5. What fruit do you like? E. It is a watermelon.
五、按要求改写句子
1. This is a grape.(改为一般疑问句)
______ ______ a grape?
2. There are eighteen bananas.(对划线部分提问)
______ ______ bananas are there?
3. Are these pears?(作否定回答)
No, ______ ______.
4. I like those watermelons.(改为否定句)
I ______ ______ those watermelons.
5. That is a lemon.(改为复数句)
______ ______ lemons.
六、给下面句子排序,使其生成一个完整的对话,第一个答案已给
A. How many apples are there?
B. Yes, they are.
C. Are those apples?
D. There are fifteen.
E. Let’s buy some apples.
( C )→( )→( )→( )→( )
七、【新情境・生活运用】情境判断与纠错
1. Is this a oranges?( )
改正:____________________________________
2. How many pear are there?( )
改正:____________________________________
3. Are those grape?( )
改正:____________________________________
4. There is twelve bananas.( )
改正:____________________________________
5. I like that strawberries.( )
改正:____________________________________
八、【新考法・表文转换】连词成句:下面表格中有很多单词和短语,请选择合适的组成句子写在下面横线上,看谁找的最多(单词可重复使用)
this
that
these
those
is
are
a
an
apple
banana
grape
orange
pear
how many
there
twelve
fifteen
I like
fruit salad
in
拼句 1:____________________________________
拼句 2:____________________________________
拼句 3:____________________________________
拼句 4:____________________________________
拼句 5:____________________________________
九、【新趋势・思维探究】画一画你心中的 “魔法水果树”,并用 5 句话描述它(提示:树上有哪些水果、数量多少、你喜欢什么)
1、
2、
3、
4、
5、
参考答案
考点一【大显身手】
一、1.B 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.C
考点二【大显身手】
一、1.grapes 2.twelve 3.fifteen 4.watermelons
二、1.How many 2.Are there
考点三【大显身手】
一、1.an 2.a 3.an 4.a 5.a
【综合训练】
一、1.A 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.B
二、1.an 2.pears 3.strawberries 4.these 5.are
三、1.This 2.These 3.that 4.those 5.a; an
四、1-B 2-C 3-A 4-E 5-D
五、1.Is this 2.How many 3.they aren’t 4.don’t like 5.Those are
六、(C)→(B)→(A)→(D)→(E)
七、1.×;Is this an orange? / Are these oranges?
2.×;How many pears are there?
3.×;Are those grapes?
4.×;There are twelve bananas.
5.×;I like those strawberries. / I like that strawberry.
八、(答案不唯一)
1. Is this an apple?
2. How many bananas are there?
3. Are those grapes?
4. I like these pears.
5. There are fifteen oranges in the fruit salad.
九、(无标准答案)
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