Unit 2 Section B （同步练习）（含答案解析）英语人教版2024八年级下册

英语人教版2024八年级下·同步训练 Unit 2 Stay Healthy Section B 同步训练 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、用所给词的汉语提示、首字母和适当形式填空 1．We looked at each other with ________(/ʃɒk/) when we heard the surprising news. 2．The teacher always reminds us to pay attention to traffic ________ (安全) when we cross the street. 3．Too much screen time may ________ (伤害) your eyes, so take a break every hour. 4．________ (sad), my little brother Kim caught a cold and had a sore throat. 5．You must ________ (检查) your answers carefully before handing in your paper. 6．A great cloud of ________ (烟) came out of his house just now. 7．In a ________ (恐慌), the boy jumped off the tree. 8．My mum ________ (burn) her hands when she cooked at home this morning. 9．The girl in the gray coat is smiling ________ (happy) in the photo. 10．Teenagers should learn to plan their future by ________ (they). 11．The manager explained the problem so (patient) that all the people are very happy. 12．My teacher often tells us ________ (not throw) rubbish everywhere. 13．Technology has allowed information to spread ________ than ever before. (quick) 14．He fell off his bike yesterday, but ________ (luck), he wasn’t hurt. 15．She spoke ________ (nervous) in front of others because she was afraid of making mistakes. 二、单项选择 16．—It’s smoky in the kitchen. Did you forget to ________ the cooker?—Oh no! I’ll go and turn it off right now. A．turn on B．turn off C．put on D．take off 17．Don’t ________ in bed all morning! Get up quickly and help me ________ out yogurt and bread. A．lie; lay B．lay; lie C．lie; lie D．lay; lay 18．Staring at smartphones for a long time ________ your eyes and can cause glaucoma (青光眼). A．is harmful to B．is good for C．is serious about D．is helpful to 19．With their parents away on vacation, the two brothers had the big house all to ________. A．ourselves B．themselves C．himself D．yourselves 20．The little boy walked onto the stage ________, with his hands shaking slightly. A．happily B．nervously C．loudly D．bravely 21．—Jason, why didn’t you take part in the singing competition?         —I had to ______ the invitation because I was too busy preparing for my exams. A．turn on B．turn down C．turn up D．turn off 22．We ________ finish the work when the power went out and everything stopped. A．were about to B．were going to C．would D．intended to 23．The firemen came and ________ the fire in a short time. A．put out B．put down C．put off D．put on 24．—What a day! I was fired by the boss and my son hurt himself in the PE lesson. —________, as the saying goes. I’m sorry to hear that. A．It never rains but it pours B．Every dog has its day C．Don’t burn the candle at both ends D．The early bird catches the worm 25．The boy was careless and ________ his head against the door. A．bled B．let C．hit D．made 26．My parents were too busy to cook dinner, so we decided to ________. A．eat in B．eat up C．eat off D．eat out 27．—Can I borrow your new bike for the trip?—________ I just bought it yesterday and need to use it today. A．No problem. B．No way! C．No idea. D．No doubt. 28．—Why didn’t Tom take part in the basketball game?                                         —He fell off his bike just now. He is in ________ and can’t move. A．surprise B．pain C．trouble D．silence 29．—Did you go to the concert last night?—Yes. The band’s new song was a real___. Everyone was singing along. A．chance B．fun C．hit D．choice 30．The saying “Where there’s smoke, there’s fire” tells us that ________. A．there must be big waves as long as there is wind B．we should be brave and not fear difficulties C．it’s hard to predict weather changes D．everything happens for a reason 三、完形填空 根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格的最佳答案。 Since opening in Wuhan in 2024, the Eurasia Museum has attracted visitors from around the world. It shows over 400 objects from Asia and Europe. Yan, the curator (馆长), 31 that every piece comes from his own collection, gathered from his travels in different countries. These pieces help visitors see how civilizations (文明) connected along the ancient Silk Road. On this famous trade route, East and West not only traded goods but also 32 ideas and art styles, influencing each other deeply. What makes the visit special is Yan’s personal stories. The most 33 one is about a blue-and-white porcelain plate from the Kangxi period. Yan saw this piece in the home of Peter Roessler, a collector in Germany. Although he offered a high price for it, Roessler refused. Yan realized he needed to 34 a different way to convince (说服) him. 35 just talking about money, Yan shared his real dream: to bring important Chinese treasures back home. Moved by this, Roessler believed in him and agreed to sell it to him. He said that in Yan, he saw his younger 36 —one with the same passion and spirit for protecting art. Yan first 37 this deep interest in history when he was a student in Germany. He was shocked to discover how many Chinese cultural relics were lost overseas. Wanting to help bring them back, he began collecting with a clear purpose. This strong feeling 38 him to make his decision to start his own collection. Looking back, the German collector’s 39 in him also encouraged him and made his dream stronger than ever. Yan believes that many people, especially students and young people, should visit his museum, which is why he keeps the tickets 40 . “Even a small cost like ten or twenty yuan could be a barrier (障碍) for them,” he said. “I want to remove that barrier.” 31．A．explains B．hopes C．believes D．remembers 32．A．forgot B．shared C．hid D．changed 33．A．difficult B．modern C．unforgettable D．common 34．A．describe B．discover C．invent D．find 35．A．Instead of B．Because of C．As for D．According to 36．A．self B．age C．friend D．teacher 37．A．described B．showed C．lost D．used 38．A．stopped B．made C．pushed D．ordered 39．A．care B．trust C．love D．interest 40．A．high B．open C．expensive D．free 四、完成句子 41．He put out the fire by rolling on the ground. (对画线部分提问) __________________________________ 42．厨房突然着火了，妈妈迅速打了119。 The kitchen suddenly ______ _______, and Mum called 119 quickly. 43．几秒钟时间，燃烧着的平底锅里的火就被扑灭了。 In seconds, the fire in the burning pan was ________ ________. 44．多亏了他在学校学的急救和安全课，他知道水会使油着火更加糟糕！ ________ ________ the first aid and safety classes he took at school, he knew that water could make oil fires ________ ________! 45．Allen就要跑出房间，这时他突然停了下来。 Allen was ________ ________ run out of the room when he ________ ________. 46．惊慌失措地，James立即关掉了炉具。 ________ ________ ________, James ________ ________ the stove at once. 47．长时间看屏幕对眼睛有害。 Looking at screens for a long time ________ ________ ________ the eyes. 48．她把旧杂志都扔掉了。 She ________ ________ all the old magazines. 49．突然，有东西重重地撞到她，把她摔在了地上。 Suddenly, something hit her hard and ________ ________ ________ ________ ________. 50．从现在起，我会更认真对待学习，绝不浪费时间。 ________ ________ ________, I will take my study more seriously and never waste time. 51．确保当你离开家的时候关掉所有电器。 ________ ________ that you ________ ________ all the appliances when you leave home. 52．她惊慌地环顾四周，因为她找不到回家的路了。 She looked around ________ ________ ________ because she couldn’t find her way home. 53．我讲故事时突然停住，因为听到窗外有奇怪的声响。 I ________ ________ while telling a story, because I hear a strange noise outside the window. 54．你知道在我们的日常生活中如何远离疾病吗？ Do you know how to ________ ________ ________ illnesses in our daily lives? 55．The problem is very difficult. Few students can work it out. (用so…that改写句子) __________________________________ 五、阅读理解 ①Take a look at the two shapes in the picture. Which one do you think is “kiki” and which one is “bouba”? This is part of a famous bouba-kiki experiment done in both America and India. ②In the experiment, people were shown two drawings. One had a rounded shape, and the other had a star-like shape. People had to name each of them with “bouba” or “kiki”. Both of these words were not real words in any language and had no meaning. However, 95% of people decided the rounded one was “bouba”, and the star-like one was “kiki”. ③The experiment shows our brains seem to connect sounds with shapes. The researchers believe the results have something to do with the mouth shapes we make when we say these words. Pronouncing “bouba” requires the mouth to make a rounded shape. Other examples of “rounded” sounds are oo in “room” and o in “wrote”. An unrounded mouth shape is needed to make the sound of “kiki”. “Unrounded” sounds require the lips (嘴唇) to be spread apart, like ee in “peek” or a in “had”. ④Another way to understand this is that letters such as k or t are thought to have unrounded sounds because of their sharp (尖锐) shapes. Letters like b or g have rounded shapes, so they are thought to have rounded and soft sounds. ⑤Understanding the bouba-kiki effect can help us find its integral uses in areas like branding (品牌) and communication. For example, if a toy brand wants to show its softness and friendliness, it may follow the “bouba” effect and choose rounded shapes for the logo and rounded sounds for product names. Similarly, a technology company may turn to the “kiki” effect to show it’s sharp and powerful. So next time if you want to design a logo for a school event or name a product, consider whether it feels more like “bouba” or “kiki”! 56．Which has the same meaning as the underlined word “integral” in Paragraph 5? integral /’ɪntɪgrəl/ adj. ①重要的；②构成整体所必需的，作为组成部分的；③完整的 A．The teacher asked us to write an integral story with a clear start, development and ending. B．Drinking enough warm water is integral to keeping our bodies healthy every day. C．This book gives an integral introduction to Chinese history. D．A page is an integral part of a book—a book cannot be a book without pages. 57．According to the passage, what do we need to do to make “unrounded” sounds? A．Spread our lips apart. B．Make a sharp mouth shape. C．Keep our mouths closed tightly. D．Open our mouths as wide as possible. 58．What can we infer from the passage? A．We can know the exact meaning of a word by its shape. B．We can create new languages by using the bouba-kiki effect. C．People may better design logos and name products by using the effect. D．People need to make a rounded mouth shape when they pronounce “bouba”. 59．What is the correct structure of the text? A． B． C． D． 六、任务型阅读 阅读文章，用恰当的短语和句子补全概要，补全部分总词数不能超过30词，不能照抄原文连续超过3个词。 We often think of dopamine (多巴胺) as the “reward” hormone (奖赏荷尔蒙), but that’s just part of the story. So it’s beneficial for us to understand how it works. Now I kindly ask you to look a little deeper. Dopamine doesn’t just make us feel good—it also teaches our brain what to expect when we do new things. From there, it helps our brain to create habits which run on automatically (自动地)—the more dopamine, the more the brain hears “this action is meaningful! Let’s do it again!” Of course, habits can help us or harm us; if you reach for your phone first in the morning, or take out a book and write down three things you look forward to that day, both can become habits which can run on automatically, but they each will have different influences on your health. So how can we use dopamine to design healthier habits? Each time we finish an action, our dopamine responds (反应). When an action meets what we expect, dopamine won’t change greatly. However, it drops when the result is worse than what we expect, and rises when we have a result that is better than what we expect. This teaches your brain which actions are meaningful. So, a dopamine drop tells us ‘let’s not do that again.’ When dopamine doesn’t change greatly, it means the action can make a difference. And if dopamine becomes more, it tells us ‘let’s do this again!’ The brain uses this system to help us form healthy habits. By creating positive, small surprises by ourselves, we move from being pushed to becoming active designers of our habits, using dopamine not only for pleasure, but also for long-term health. Dopamine is often seen as the “reward” hormone, but that’s just part of the story. Therefore, we can 60 understanding clearly how it works. Dopamine not only makes us feel good, but also helps the brain create habits that run on automatically. Habits can be 61 , so we should learn to use dopamine to design healthier ones. The way dopamine works to form habits is easy to understand: each time we finish an action, dopamine responds. It goes down if the result is 62 , and rises if it’s better than expected. With this system, 63 . In this way, dopamine becomes a tool not just for pleasure, but for building a healthier life in the long term. 参考答案与解析 一、词汇填空 1．shock【详解】句意：当我们听到这个令人吃惊的消息时，我们吃惊地互相看着对方。根据音标可知，填shock。shock是名词，震惊，作介词with的宾语。 2．safety【详解】句意：老师总是提醒我们过马路时要注意交通安全。根据“pay attention to traffic”及汉语提示可知，名词safety“安全”符合语境，traffic safety表示“交通安全”。故填safety。 3．harm【详解】句意：过多的屏幕时间可能会伤害你的眼睛，所以每小时休息一下。伤害“harm”，是表达方式之一，may后接动词原形。故填harm。 4．Sadly【详解】句意：不幸的是，我的弟弟Kim感冒了，嗓子疼。sad“悲伤的，难过的”，形容词；分析句子结构可知，空格处修饰整个句子，应用副词sadly“不幸地，难过地”来修饰，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Sadly。 5．check【详解】句意：在交卷之前，你必须仔细检查你的答案。根据“must”可知，横线处需填动词原形，“检查”对应的英文单词是“check”。故填check。 6．smoke【详解】句意：刚才一大团烟从他的房子里冒了出来。smoke“烟”，不可数名词。a cloud of smoke“一团烟”，是固定搭配。 7．panic【详解】句意：在一阵恐慌中，男孩从树上跳了下来。根据汉语提示可知，“恐慌”的英文是panic；in a panic意为“在恐慌中、惊慌失措”。故填panic。 8．burnt/burned【详解】句意：今天早上我妈妈在家做饭时烫伤了手。burn“烫伤，烧伤”，动词；根据时间状语“this morning”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，burn的过去式可以是burnt或者burned。故填burnt/burned。 9．happily【详解】句意：照片中那个穿灰色外套的女孩正开心地笑着。happy“开心的，快乐的”，形容词；分析句子结构可知，空格处修饰动词“smiling”，应用副词形式happily。故填happily。 10．themselves【详解】句意：青少年应该学会自己规划未来。句中“to plan their future by … ”此部分的句意是“自己规划未来”，“by”后面表示“自己”，需用“they”反身代词“themselves”。故填themselves。 11．patiently【详解】句意：经理如此耐心地解释了这个问题，以至于所有人都非常高兴。patient“耐心的”，此处修饰动词explained，用其副词形式patiently。故填patiently。 12．not to throw【详解】句意：我的老师经常告诉我们不要到处扔垃圾。not throw“不要扔”，根据此句的“My teacher often tells us...”的结构“tell somebody not to do something”可知，此处的“not throw”需用动词不定式的否定“not to throw”。故填not to throw。 13．more quickly 【详解】句意：科技已经让信息传播得比以往任何时候都更快。quick快速的，形容词；“spread”是动词，此处需用副词修饰，“quick”的副词形式是“quickly”；结合句中比较级标志词“than”可知，此处需用副词的比较级“more quickly”。故填more quickly。 14．luckily【详解】句意：他昨天从自行车上摔了下来，但幸运的是，他没有受伤。根据句子结构分析可知，应该使用副词，修饰句子“he wasn’t hurt”，“luck”的副词形式为“luckily”，意为“幸运地”。故填luckily。 15．nervously【详解】句意：她在别人面前说话很紧张，因为她害怕犯错。句中“spoke”是实义动词，需要用副词来修饰；“nervous”是形容词，其副词形式为“nervously”。故填nervously。 二、单项选择 16．B【详解】句意：——厨房里烟雾弥漫，你忘记关炉灶了吗？——哦，不！我马上去关掉它。考查动词短语辨析。turn on打开；turn off关闭；put on穿上；take off脱下。根据答句“I’ll go and turn it off right now.”可知，问句是在询问是否忘记“关闭”炉灶，且厨房有烟说明炉灶可能一直开着。故选B。 17．A【详解】句意：别整个上午都躺在床上！快点起床，帮我把酸奶和面包摆好。考查动词辨析。lie躺，动词原形；lay放置（动词原形），躺（过去式）。第一空表示“躺在床上”，Don’t后用动词原形，应用“lie”；第二空表示帮忙把酸奶和面包摆好，应用固定短语lay out表示“布置，摆好”。故选A。 18．A【详解】句意：长时间盯着智能手机对你的眼睛有害，并可能导致青光眼。考查形容词辨析。is harmful to有害于；is good for有益于；is serious about对……认真；is helpful to对……有帮助。根据“Staring at smartphones for a long time...your eyes and can cause glaucoma.”可知，此处指长时间盯着手机对眼睛有害。故选A。 19．B【详解】句意：父母外出度假时，兄弟俩独自拥有这幢大房子。考查反身代词。ourselves我们自己；themselves他们自己；himself他自己；yourselves你们自己。have sth. to oneself意为“独自享用某物”，主语“the two brothers”是复数，对应的反身代词是themselves。故选B。 20．B【详解】句意：这个小男孩紧张地走上舞台，双手微微颤抖。考查副词辨析。happily开心地；nervously紧张地；loudly大声地；bravely勇敢地。根据“with his hands shaking slightly”可知，小男孩当时处于紧张的状态，只有nervously符合语境。故选B。 21．B【详解】句意：——杰森，你为什么没有参加歌唱比赛？——我不得不拒绝邀请，因为我忙于准备考试。考查动词短语。turn on打开；turn down调低/拒绝；turn up调高/出现；turn off关闭。根据“because I was too busy preparing for my exams”可知，因为忙于准备考试，所以只能拒绝邀请，应填turn down。故选B。 22．A【详解】句意：我们正要完成工作时，突然断电了，一切都停止了。考查固定用法。be about to do sth.即将做某事，正要做某事，表示即将发生的动作，在时间上指最近的将来；be going to do sth.打算做某事，计划做某事，侧重“提前计划好要做某事”，不强调“即将发生的瞬间性”，与“突发停电中断动作”的语境不符；would是will的过去式，表示“过去习惯性动作”或“较远的将来计划”，无“即将发生”的语义，无法匹配“正要做却被中断”的逻辑；intended to do sth.打算做某事，仅表示“过去的意图”，不涉及“动作即将执行”的时间节点，不能体现“正要完成却因停电停止”的场景。此处是固定搭配“be about to do sth. when...”，专门表示“正要做某事，这时突然发生另一件事”，完全契合题干中“即将完成工作时停电”的语境。故选A。 23．A【详解】句意：消防员来了，在短时间内扑灭了火。考查动词短语辨析。put out扑灭；put down放下；put off推迟；put on穿上。根据“The firemen came and…the fire in a short time.”可知，消防员处理火灾的场景，应是扑灭了火，put out符合。故选A。 24．A【详解】句意：——多么糟糕的一天啊！我被老板解雇了，我儿子在体育课上受伤了。——祸不单行啊，就像俗话说的那样。听到这个消息我很难过。考查谚语。It never rains but it pours祸不单行；Every dog has its day人人皆有得意时；Don’t burn the candle at both ends不要过度消耗精力；The early bird catches the worm早起的鸟儿有虫吃。根据语境可知，此处是在描述对方一天内遭遇了多个不幸，即“祸不单行”，所以应该用It never rains but it pours。故选A。 25．C【详解】句意：这个男孩太粗心了，他的头撞在了门上。考查动词辨析。bled流血；let让，由，允许；hit撞击，击；made制作，使变得。结合语境及“The boy was careless”可知，男孩的粗心导致他的头撞在了门上。故选C。 26．D【详解】句意：我父母太忙了，没时间做晚饭，所以我们决定出去吃。考查动词短语辨析。eat in在家吃饭；eat up吃光；eat off吃掉；eat out出去吃。根据“My parents were too busy to cook dinner”可知，父母没时间做晚饭，所以决定出去吃，应该用eat out。故选D。 27．B【详解】句意：——我能借你的新自行车去旅行吗？——没门！我昨天刚买的，今天需要用。考查情景交际。No problem.没问题；No way!没门；No idea.不知道；No doubt.毫无疑问。根据“I just bought it yesterday and need to use it today.”可知，今天需要用自行车，所以不能借给对方，用“No way!”表示拒绝。故选B。 28．B【详解】句意：——汤姆为什么没参加篮球赛？——他刚才从自行车上摔下来了。他很疼，动不了。考查名词辨析。surprise惊喜；pain疼痛；trouble麻烦；silence沉默。根据“He fell off his bike just now.”和“can’t move”可知，他处于疼痛中。短语“in pain”意为“疼痛中”。故选B。 29．C【详解】句意：——你昨晚去听音乐会了吗？——是的。这个乐队的新歌非常受欢迎。每个人都跟着一起唱。考查名词词义辨析。chance机会；fun乐趣；hit受欢迎的歌曲/事物等；choice选择。根据“Everyone was singing along.”可知，大家都跟着一起唱，说明乐队的新歌很受欢迎，所以此处应该用hit。故选C。 30．D【详解】句意：谚语“无风不起浪 (Where there’s smoke, there’s fire)”告诉我们事出必有因。考查谚语。there must be big waves as long as there is wind只要有风，就一定有巨浪；we should be brave and not fear difficulties我们应该勇敢，不惧困难；it’s hard to predict weather changes很难预测天气变化；everything happens for a reason事出必有因。该谚语的直译是“有烟的地方就有火”，常用来比喻事情的发生一定有原因或迹象，与D项“事出必有因”含义一致。故选D。 三、完形填空 31．A 32．B 33．C 34．D 35．A 36．A 37．B 38．C 39．B 40．D 【导语】本文讲述了欧亚博物馆馆长Yan的故事：他通过个人收藏在武汉创办博物馆，致力于让流失海外的中国文物回归，并分享藏品背后的故事，展现古代丝绸之路的文明交流，同时希望降低参观门槛让更多人了解文化。 31．句意：馆长Yan解释道，每一件展品都来自他的个人收藏，是他在不同国家旅行时收集的。空后是馆长向外界说明藏品来源的内容，explains（解释）符合“陈述事实、说明情况”的语境；hopes（希望）、believes（相信）、remembers（记得）均无法体现“向他人介绍藏品背景”的逻辑。 32．句意：在这条著名的贸易路线上，东西方不仅交易商品，还分享思想和艺术风格，彼此影响深远。根据上下文，文化交流层面应是“分享”思想与艺术。not only...but also...表并列，与traded goods（交易商品）对应，shared符合文明互鉴的语境；forgot（忘记）、hid（隐藏）、changed（改变）均与“交流”的核心含义相悖。 33．句意：最难忘的故事是关于康熙时期的一块青花瓷盘。下文讲述了Yan为获得瓷盘付出的努力，这段经历给人留下深刻印象，unforgettable（令人难忘的）契合语境；difficult（困难的）、modern（现代的）、common（普通的）均无法体现故事的特殊性。 34．句意：Yan意识到他需要找到一种不同的方式来说服对方。根据上下文， Yan在出高价被拒后，尝试新的策略。find a way是固定搭配，意为“找到一种方法”，describe（描述）、discover（发现）、invent（发明）均不如find贴合“寻找解决办法”的含义。 35．句意：Yan没有只谈钱，而是分享了他真正的梦想：将重要的中国珍宝带回祖国。根据上下文，Yan放弃谈钱、转而讲述梦想，Instead of表示 “而不是”，表示一种替代关系；Because of（因为）、As for（至于）、According to（根据）均无法表达这种逻辑。 36．句意：他说，在Yan身上，他看到了年轻时的自己——一个同样拥有保护艺术的热情与精神的人。根据上下文，Roessler从Yan身上看到了自己当年的影子。younger self是固定表达，意为“年轻时的自己”，符合语境；age（年龄）、friend（朋友）、teacher（老师）均无此含义。 37．句意：Yan在德国上学时，第一次表现出对历史的浓厚兴趣。根据上下文，Yan早年兴趣萌芽。showed interest是固定搭配，意为“表现出兴趣”，符合语境；described（描述）、lost（失去）、used（使用）均与“兴趣产生”的逻辑不符。 38．句意：这种强烈的情感推动他做出了开始个人收藏的决定。根据上下文，爱国情感促使了他的行动。pushed在此处意为“促使、推动”，体现爱国情感促使他行动的逻辑；stopped（阻止）、made（使，后接省略to的不定式）、ordered（命令）均不符合语境或语法。 39．句意：回想起来，这位德国收藏家对他的信任也鼓励了他，让他的梦想比以往任何时候都更坚定。上文提到“Roessler believed in him”，此处对应“信任”，trust符合语境；care（关心）、love（爱）、interest（兴趣）均不如trust贴合原文细节。 40．句意：Yan认为很多人，尤其是学生和年轻人，应该参观他的博物馆，这就是他保持门票免费的原因。 后文提到的“remove that barrier”表示消除费用障碍，free（免费的）符合语境；high（高的）、open（开放的）、expensive（昂贵的）均与“降低门槛”的目的相悖。 四、完成句子 41．How did he put out the fire? 【详解】句意：他通过在地上打滚来扑灭了火。对画线部分by rolling on the ground提问，对方式提问用疑问词how，置于句首首字母大写。结合语句“He put out the fire by rolling on the ground.”可知，本句为一般过去时，实义动词作谓语，特殊疑问句结构为“疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他”，故填How did he put out the fire? 42．caught fire 【详解】原句中“着火”是关键词，表示“着火”的英文是catch fire。由“and Mum called”可知动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时，catch的过去式为caught。 43． put out 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“被扑灭”。put out是固定短语，意为“扑灭”，句子为一般过去时的被动语态“was/were+过去分词”，put的过去分词仍为put，因此用was put out，符合语境。故填put；out。 44． Thanks to much worse 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“多亏了”和“更加糟糕”。“多亏了”后接名词短语“the first aid and safety classes”，应用固定短语Thanks to，句首首字母需大写；“更加糟糕”英文为“much worse”，bad“糟糕的”的比较级是worse，用much加强程度。故填Thanks；to；much；worse。 45． about to stopped short 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺“就要”和“突然停了下来”。正要做某事：be about to do sth，是固定搭配，空格前有was，后有动词原形run，故应用about to；空格后，停止：stop，过去式形式为stopped，突然停了下来：stopped short。故填about；to；stopped；short。 46． In a panic turned off 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“惊慌失措地”和“关掉了”。“惊慌失措地”是固定短语in a panic，在句中作状语，句首首字母需大写；“关掉”是固定短语turn off，句子时态为一般过去时，turn的过去式为turned。故填In；a；panic；turned；off。 47． is harmful to 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，缺少“对……有害”，英文表达为be harmful to，固定短语；主语是动名词，看作三单，谓语动词用is。故填is；harmful；to。 48． threw away 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“扔掉”，对应动词短语throw away；结合语境可知，句子描述的是已经发生的动作，所以用throw的过去式threw。故填threw；away。 49． threw her to the ground 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“把她摔在了地上”。 固定搭配：throw sb. to the ground意为“把某人摔倒在地”，符合句意；and连接并列谓语，前半句hit是过去式，throw的过去式是threw。故填threw；her；to；the；ground。 50． From now on 【详解】原句缺少“从现在起”，表示“从现在起”的短语为from now on，且位于句首from首字母应大写。故填From；now；on。 51． Make sure turn off 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“确保”和“关掉”。make sure意为“确保”，祈使句用动词原形，句子开头首字母大写；turn off意为“关掉”，时态为一般现在时，主语是you，动词用原形。故填Make；sure；turn；off。 52． in a panic 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“惊慌地”。in a panic“惊慌地”，固定短语。故填in；a；panic。 53． stop short 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“突然停住”。stop short“突然停住”，固定短语。根据“hear”可知，句子是一般现在时，主语是I，动词用原形。故填stop；short。 54． stay away from 【详解】stay away from “远离”，疑问词+to do作宾语，故填stay ；away； from。 55．The problem is so difficult that few students can work it out. 【详解】句意：这道题很难，几乎没有学生能解出来。原句为两个简单句，需用so…that…“如此……以至于……”，结构合并为结果状语从句：将“very difficult”替换为“so difficult”，后接that引导结果状语从句，保持从句内容不变，故填The problem is so difficult that few students can work it out. 五、阅读理解 56．B 57．A 58．C 59．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了著名的bouba-kiki实验，该实验揭示了人类大脑如何将声音与形状联系起来，并探讨了这一效应在品牌和交流领域的潜在应用。 56．文中“integral uses in areas like branding and communication”表示该效应在品牌和传播等领域有重要的、不可或缺的应用。A项中的“integral”意为“完整的”，不符合。B项中的“integral”意为“重要的”，与原文含义相符。C项中的“integral”意为“完整的”，不符合。D项中的“integral”意为“作为组成部分的”，不符合。 57．根据第三段中“‘Unrounded’ sounds require the lips to be spread apart, like ee in ‘peek’ or a in ‘had’” 可知，发“非圆唇音”需要把嘴唇张开。 58．根据第五段中“Understanding the bouba-kiki effect can help us find its integral uses in areas like branding and communication... consider whether it feels more like ‘bouba’ or ‘kiki’!”，可知人们可以利用该效应更好地设计logo和命名产品，C项符合文意。 59．文章第一段和第二段介绍了bouba-kiki实验的基本内容；第三段和第四段详细描述了实验过程和结果，揭示了声音与形状之间的联系和进一步解释了这种联系的原因；第五段则探讨了bouba-kiki效应在品牌和交流领域的潜在应用。因此，文章的结构应为①②/③④/⑤。 六、概要补全 60．benefit from 61．helpful or harmful 62．worse than expected 63．the brain assists us to build healthy habits 【导语】本文主要介绍了多巴胺的真实作用，纠正人们对其仅为“奖赏荷尔蒙”的片面认知，阐述其如何帮助大脑形成习惯，并说明如何利用多巴胺培养健康习惯。 60．文章第一段明确提到“it’s beneficial for us to understand how it works”，了解多巴胺如何工作对我们有益，benefit from“从……中受益”，符合语境，应填benefit from。 61．第三段开头指出“habits can help us or harm us”，即习惯既有帮助也可能有害，结合空前的“be”可知，此处作表语，要用形容词。应填helpful or harmful。 62．第四段提到“it drops when the result is worse than what we expect”，多巴胺在结果比预期更糟时会下降，即结果“比预期更糟”时，应填worse than expected。 63．第四段结尾说明“The brain uses this system to help us form healthy habits”，可将“uses this system to help”替换为“assists...to...”，将“form”替换为“build”，改写为“the brain assists us to build healthy habits”。 2 / 12 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $