2026年中考英语二轮专题语法复习之谓语动词和非谓语动词专项训练（甘肃专版）

中考英语语法 谓语动词与非谓语动词 答案解析 一、谓语动词专项（时态、语态、主谓一致） （一）用所给动词的适当形式填空 【答案】 1. were; doing; was watching 2. hasn't finished 3. will be built 4. is; are 5. says 6. had learned 7. tastes 8. Has; been sent; was sent 9. like 10. are 【解析】 1. 时态辨析题：结合时间状语“at this time yesterday”（昨天这个时候），可知此处用过去进行时，结构为was/were+doing；主语you用were，主语I用was，故填were; doing; was watching。 2. 时态辨析题：由“yet”（还，尚未）可知，句子用现在完成时，否定式为haven't/hasn't+过去分词；主语The little boy为单数，故填hasn't finished。 3. 语态与时态辨析题：由时间状语“next year”（明年）可知用一般将来时，主语A new hospital与动词build是被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态will be built。 主谓一致题：“the number of+名词复数”表示“……的数量”，谓语动词用单数；“a number of+名词复数”表示“许多……”，谓语动词用复数，故填is; are。 5. 时态辨析题：由“Look!”（看）可知，句子用一般现在时，主语The sign为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填says。 6. 时态辨析题：由“By the end of last term”（到上学期末为止）可知，句子用过去完成时，结构为had+过去分词，故填had learned。 7. 时态辨析题：此处描述苹果的特性，用一般现在时；“this kind of+名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数，故填tastes。 8. 语态与时态辨析题：由“yet”可知第一空用现在完成时的被动语态Has; been sent；由“an hour ago”（一小时前）可知第二空用一般过去时的被动语态was sent。 9. 主谓一致题：“neither...nor...”连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，靠近谓语的主语I为第一人称，故填like。 10. 主谓一致题：主语All the preparation为复数，谓语动词用复数；结合“We can start now”可知用一般现在时，故填are。 （二）单项选择 【答案】 1. A 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. C 8. B 【解析】 1. 词义辨析与时态题：has gone to表示“去了某地（未回来）”，has been to表示“去过某地（已回来）”；结合“Where is your father?”可知父亲未回来，第一空填has gone；“twice”（两次）表示去过，第二空填has been，故选A。 2. 语态与时态题：由“in recent years”（近年来）可知用现在完成时，主语More attention与动词pay是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态has been paid，故选D。 3. 主谓一致题：“each of+名词复数”作主语，谓语动词用单数；“they each”中each是同位语，谓语动词随主语they用复数，故选C。 4. 时态题：宾语从句中，若从句描述客观真理，无论主句时态如何，从句都用一般现在时；“地球绕太阳转”是客观真理，主语the earth为单数，故选A。 5. 语态与时态题：主语this book与动词write是被动关系，由“Last year”可知用一般过去时的被动语态was; written，故选B。 6. 语态题：主语A lot of water与动词waste是被动关系，由“every year”可知用一般现在时的被动语态is wasted，故选B。 7. 时态题：由“since she was five years old”（自从她五岁起）可知，句子用现在完成时，结构为have/has+过去分词，主语My sister为单数，故选C。 8. 主谓一致题：定语从句中，先行词people为复数，从句谓语动词用have；主句主语The number of people为单数，谓语动词用is，故选B。 二、非谓语动词专项（不定式、动名词、分词） （一）用所给动词的适当形式填空 【答案】 1. to learn 2. reading 3. To catch 4. standing 5. to do 6. listening 7. making 8. being shown 9. to buy 10. Not knowing 11. to improve 12. working 【解析】 1. 非谓语动词（不定式）：固定句型“It's important for sb. to do sth.”（对某人来说做某事很重要），不定式作真正主语，故填to learn。 2. 非谓语动词（动名词）：固定搭配“finish doing sth.”（完成做某事），动名词作宾语，故填reading。 3. 非谓语动词（不定式）：此处用不定式To catch作目的状语，表“为了赶上早班车”，故填To catch。 4. 非谓语动词（现在分词）：现在分词standing作后置定语，修饰The girl，表主动、进行，意为“站在树下的女孩”，故填standing。 5. 非谓语动词（不定式）：不定式to do作后置定语，修饰homework，表“要做的作业”，故填to do。 6. 非谓语动词（动名词）：固定搭配“enjoy doing sth.”（喜欢做某事），动名词作宾语，故填listening。 7. 非谓语动词（动名词）：固定搭配“avoid doing sth.”（避免做某事），动名词作宾语，故填making。 8. 非谓语动词（现在分词）：现在分词的被动形式being shown作后置定语，修饰The film，表被动、进行，意为“正在电影院上映的电影”，故填being shown。 9. 非谓语动词（不定式）：固定搭配“want to do sth.”（想要做某事），不定式作宾语，故填to buy。 10. 非谓语动词（现在分词）：现在分词的否定形式Not knowing作原因状语，表主动，意为“因为不知道该做什么”，故填Not knowing。 11. 非谓语动词（不定式）：不定式to improve作后置定语，修饰The best way，表“提高英语的最好方法”，故填to improve。 12. 非谓语动词（动名词）：固定搭配“keep doing sth.”（一直做某事），动名词作宾语，故填working。 （二）单项选择 【答案】 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. B 【解析】 1. 非谓语动词（不定式省略to）：固定句型“Why not do sth.?”（为什么不做某事呢？），Why not后接动词原形，故选A。 2. 非谓语动词（现在分词）：固定搭配“see sb. doing sth.”（看见某人正在做某事），表动作正在进行；结合“when I passed the playground”可知，此处指看见他正在打篮球，故选B。 3. 非谓语动词（不定式）：使役动词make用于被动语态时，后面的不定式不能省略to，即“be made to do sth.”（被要求做某事），故选C。 4. 非谓语动词（动名词）：固定句型“It's no use doing sth.”（做某事是没用的），动名词作真正主语，故选C。 5. 非谓语动词（不定式否定式）：此处用不定式的否定式Not to be作目的状语，表“为了不再上学迟到”，否定词not放于to前，故选A。 6. 非谓语动词（不定式）：固定搭配“have no choice but to do sth.”（别无选择只能做某事），but后接不定式，故选B。 7. 非谓语动词（过去分词）：过去分词written作后置定语，修饰The book，表被动，意为“他写的书”，故选C。 8. 非谓语动词（动名词）：固定搭配“spend time doing sth.”（花费时间做某事），动名词作宾语，故选B。 9. 非谓语动词（不定式）：固定搭配“plan to do sth.”（计划做某事），不定式作宾语，故选C。 10. 非谓语动词（动名词）：动名词Watching作主语，表泛指动作，意为“看英语电影是学习英语的好方法”，故选B。 三、综合运用（谓语与非谓语混合练习） （一）用所给动词的适当形式填空 【答案】 1. prefers; to stay; go 2. Seeing; to take 3. are building; will be completed 4. meeting 5. to sing 6. to become; to help 7. being discussed 8. played; prefer 【解析】 1. 谓语动词与非谓语动词：固定搭配“prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.”（宁愿做某事而不愿做某事）；主语He为单数，谓语动词prefer用第三人称单数prefers，故填prefers; to stay; go。 2. 谓语动词与非谓语动词：现在分词Seeing作时间状语，表主动；固定搭配“stop to do sth.”（停下来去做另一件事），故填Seeing; to take。 3. 谓语动词（时态与语态）：由“now”可知第一空用现在进行时are building；由“next month”可知第二空用一般将来时的被动语态will be completed，故填are building; will be completed。 4. 非谓语动词（动名词）：固定搭配“remember doing sth.”（记得做过某事），动名词作宾语，故填meeting。 5. 非谓语动词（不定式）：固定搭配“be heard to do sth.”（被听到做某事），被动语态中hear后接不定式to do，故填to sing。 6. 非谓语动词（不定式）：第一个不定式to become作表语，表“梦想是成为一名医生”；第二个不定式to help作目的状语，表“为了帮助病人”，故填to become; to help。 7. 非谓语动词（现在分词）：现在分词的被动形式being discussed作后置定语，修饰The question，表被动、进行，意为“正在会议室里讨论的问题”，故填being discussed。 8. 谓语动词（时态）：由“When I was young”可知第一空用一般过去时played；由“now”可知第二空用一般现在时，主语I为第一人称，填prefer，故填played; prefer。 （二）单句改错（每句一处错误，找出并改正） 【答案及解析】 1. 错误：it 改正：I don't know what to do.（解析：what作do的宾语，it多余，不定式to do后无需再加宾语。） 2. 错误：held 改正：The meeting held yesterday is very important. → The meeting which was held yesterday is very important. / The meeting held yesterday is very important.（解析：held为过去分词，作后置定语表被动，无需修改；若补充定语从句，需添加which was，两种改法均正确，核心是体现“被举办的会议”。） 3. 错误：to finish 改正：He spent two hours finishing his homework.（解析：固定搭配“spend time doing sth.”，需将不定式to finish改为动名词finishing。） 4. 错误：see 改正：She is looking forward to seeing her old friend.（解析：固定搭配“look forward to doing sth.”，to为介词，后接动名词，需将see改为seeing。） 5. 错误：made fun by 改正：The boy cried because he was made fun of by his classmates.（解析：固定搭配“make fun of sb.”（嘲笑某人），被动语态需补充was和介词of，即“be made fun of”。） 6. 错误：regular 改正：To keep healthy, we should eat more vegetables and exercise regularly.（解析：exercise为动词，需用副词regularly修饰，不能用形容词regular。） 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 中考英语语法 谓语动词与非谓语动词 语法精讲 核心结论：谓语动词是句子“主角”，表核心动作/状态；非谓语动词是“配角”，不能单独作谓语，仅辅助说明。 一、谓语动词（句子核心） 1. 定义 陈述主语的动作、状态，能独立作谓语，体现时态、语态、人称和数的变化，是句子必备成分。 2. 分类及示例 · 简单谓语：单个动词/动词短语。示例：He runs.（他跑步。）She likes music.（她喜欢音乐。） · 复合谓语：助动词+实义动词。示例：She is reading.（她正在看书。）He will go to Beijing.（他要去北京。） 3. 易错提醒 句子不能缺谓语！错误：He a student. → 正确：He is a student. 二、非谓语动词（辅助成分） 1. 定义 由动词变化而来，不能单独作谓语，依附谓语动词，充当主语、宾语等成分，表动作的主动/被动、进行/完成。 2. 分类及核心用法（附示例） · 不定式（to do）：表目的、未发生。示例：I want to drink water.（作宾语）He went to buy a pen.（作目的状语） · 动名词（doing）：表习惯、泛指动作。示例：She likes playing basketball.（作宾语）Swimming is my hobby.（作主语） · 分词：现在分词（doing，表主动/进行）；过去分词（done，表被动/完成）。示例：The running boy is my brother.（doing作定语）The broken cup is on the floor.（done作定语） 3. 易错提醒 · 非谓语不能单独作谓语； · like/enjoy后接动名词（doing），let/make后接不定式省略to。 语法精练 一、谓语动词专项（时态、语态、主谓一致） （一）用所给动词的适当形式填空（考查时态、语态、主谓一致） 1.—What ______ you ______ (do) at this time yesterday? — I ______ (watch) a movie with my friend. 2.The little boy ______ (not finish) his homework yet. His mother is very angry. 3.A new hospital ______ (build) in our town next year. 4.The number of the students in our school ______ (be) about 2000, and a number of them ______ (be) from the countryside. 5.Look! The sign ______ (say) "No Parking". We can't park our car here. 6.By the end of last term, we ______ (learn) over 2000 English words. 7.This kind of apple ______ (taste) very sweet. Many people like eating it. 8.— ______ the letter ______ (send) yet? — Yes, it ______ (send) an hour ago. 9.Neither my brother nor I ______ (like) playing basketball. We prefer football. 10.All the preparation for the party ______ (be) ready. We can start now. （二）单项选择（考查谓语动词的综合运用） 1.—Where is your father? — He ______ to Beijing on business. He ______ there twice. A. has gone; has been B. has been; has gone C. has gone; has gone D. has been; has been 2.More attention ______ to the environment protection in recent years. A. pays B. paid C. is paid D. has been paid 3.Each of the students ______ a dictionary, and they each ______ a new pen. A. has; has B. have; have C. has; have D. have; has 4.The teacher told us that the earth ______ around the sun. A. goes B. went C. go D. going 5.— When ______ this book ______? — Last year. A. did; write B. was; written C. is; written D. was; write 6.A lot of water ______ every year. It's very important for us. A. wastes B. is wasted C. wasted D. was wasting 7.My sister ______ English since she was five years old. A. learns B. learned C. has learned D. is learning 8.The number of people who ______ cars ______ increasing recently. A. has; is B. have; is C. have; are D. has; are 二、非谓语动词专项（不定式、动名词、分词） （一）用所给动词的适当形式填空（考查不定式、动名词、分词作定语、状语、宾语等） 1.It's important for us ______ (learn) English well. 2.He finished ______ (read) the novel last night. 3.______ (catch) the early bus, he got up at 6:00 this morning. 4.The girl ______ (stand) under the tree is my sister. 5.I have a lot of homework ______ (do) this weekend. 6.She enjoys ______ (listen) to pop music in her free time. 7. We should avoid ______ (make) the same mistake again. 8. The film ______ (show) in the cinema now is very popular. 9. I want ______ (buy) a new pair of shoes for my mother. 10. ______ (not know) what to do, he asked his teacher for help. 11. The best way ______ (improve) your English is to practice more. 12. They kept ______ (work) until midnight to finish the project. （二）单项选择（考查非谓语动词的辨析与运用） 1. — Why not ______ a cup of tea? — Good idea. A. have B. to have C. having D. had 2. I saw him ______ basketball when I passed the playground. A. play B. playing C. to play D. plays 3. The boy was made ______ his homework before watching TV. A. do B. doing C. to do D. done 4. It's no use ______ about the exam now. Just try your best. A. worry B. to worry C. worrying D. worried 5. ______ late for school again, you should get up earlier. A. Not to be B. Don't be C. Not being D. To not be 6. I have no choice but ______ the truth. A. tell B. to tell C. telling D. told 7. The book ______ by him is very interesting. A. write B. writing C. written D. to write 8. She spent two hours ______ the piano every day. A. practice B. practicing C. to practice D. practiced 9. We planned ______ a trip to the mountains during the winter vacation. A. take B. taking C. to take D. took 10. ______ English movies is a good way to learn English. A. Watch B. Watching C. Watched D. To watch 三、综合运用（谓语与非谓语混合练习） （一）用所给动词的适当形式填空 1.He ______ (prefer) ______ (stay) at home rather than ______ (go) out on rainy days. 2. ______ (see) the beautiful scenery, many tourists stopped ______ (take) photos. 3.The workers ______ (build) a new bridge now. It ______ (complete) next month. 4.I remember ______ (meet) him somewhere, but I can't tell his name. 5.She was heard ______ (sing) in the classroom just now. 6.My dream is ______ (become) a doctor ______ (help) sick people. 7.The question ______ (discuss) in the meeting room now is very difficult. 8.When I was young, I often ______ (play) football after school, but now I ______ (prefer) reading. （二）单句改错（每句一处错误，找出并改正） 1.I don't know what to do it. __________________________________________________________________ 2.The meeting held yesterday is very important. __________________________________________________________________ 3.He spent two hours to finish his homework. __________________________________________________________________ 4.She is looking forward to see her old friend. __________________________________________________________________ 5.The boy cried because he made fun by his classmates. __________________________________________________________________ 6.To keep healthy, we should eat more vegetables and exercise regular. __________________________________________________________________ 第页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $