Unit1 Honesty and responsibility 单词课件-2025-2026学年高中英语译林版选择性必修第四册

XB4U1 honesty and responsibility wordlist 1. barely /ˈbeəli/ adv. 刚好；仅仅，勉强可能；几乎不；刚才 刚才，刚刚 I had barely started speaking when he interrupted me. (= hardly/ scarcely… when…刚...就...) syn. scarcely, hardly bare adj. 赤裸的；光秃秃的；空的 bare feet 光脚 a bare hill 光秃秃的山 主句：过去完成时 had done 从句：一般过去时 did 当barely、hardly、scarcely 位于句首时，主句需要部分倒装，即把助动词had提到主语前。 Barely had I started speaking when he interrupted me. 2. cigar /sɪˈɡɑː(r)/ n. 雪茄烟 3. appointment /əˈpɔɪntmənt/ n. 约定，约会；任命，委任；职务 make/ have an appointment with sb. 与某人有预约 keep/ break an appointment 守约/失约 appoint v. 任命，委任；安排，确定； appoint sb as ... 任命某人为... appoint sb to do sth 委任某人做某事 appointed adj. 指定的，被委任的；事先约定好的 appointments n. 4. tear down (tore, torn) 拆除，拆毁 They’re tearing down these old houses to build a new office block. 他们正在拆除这些旧房子，打算建一幢新的办公楼。 5. keen /kiːn/ adj. 灵敏的，敏锐的；渴望，热切，热衷于 keen- keener- keenest； keenly； keenness be keen on (doing) sth 热衷于做某事 例1: We are keen on going to picnic. be keen to do sth 渴望做某事 例2: He’s very keen to see his birthplace again. 6. jaw /dʒɔː/ n. 下巴；颌 clench one’s jaw 咬紧牙关（坚定） 例1: He clenched his jaw and held back his tears. 例2: She clenched her jaw and decided not to give up. one’s jaw drops 下巴都掉了(惊讶、震惊） 例3: When he heard the news, his jaw dropped. 续写 7. scar /skɑː(r)/ n. 伤疤；（精神上的）创伤；污点 8. eyebrow /ˈaɪbraʊ/ n. 眉毛 a scar on one’s cheek 脸上的伤疤 (scars) leave deep scars 留下深深的创伤(心理) 例： His years in prison have left deep scars. raise one’s eyebrows in surprise 挑眉——吃惊，意外 raise an eyebrow in disbelief 挑眉——怀疑，不信 例：She raised an eyebrow in disbelief when she heard the news. (难以置信) 9. scarfpin /ˈskɑːfˌpɪn/ n. 围巾夹，领带别针 10. diamond /ˈdaɪəmənd/ n.钻石 rough diamond 璞玉 11. make one’s fortune 发财 fortune n. 巨款；机会，运气； fortunate adj. 幸运的 fortunately adv. misfortune n. 厄运，不幸 unfortunate unfortunately 12. lose contact 失去联系 lose contact with sb. 与某人失去联系(客观上找不到人了) keep in contact with sb. 与某人保持联系 lose touch with sb. 与某人失去联系 (关系变淡，感情疏远) keep in touch with sb. 与某人保持联系 更正式 13. reliable /rɪˈlaɪəbl/ adj. 可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的 syn. dependable 例： a dependable friend rely/ reliability/ reliance/ reliably/ unreliable reliability: 事物/人本身的可靠性 例：we need to check the reliability of the news. reliance: 人对别人/外物的依赖心理/行为 例：Too much reliance on smartphones is bad. rely on =depend on/upon=count on/upon=be dependent on 例：He is dependent on his parents. 他依赖父母。 14. worthwhile adj. /ˌwɜːθˈwaɪl/ adj. 值得花时间（或花钱、努力等） 重要的，令人愉快的 It is worthwhile doing/ to do sth 做...是值得的 例： It is worthwhile to read/reading the book again. 这本书值得再读一遍。 sth be worth doing 例： This book is worth to reading. sth be worthy to be done/of being done 例： This book is worthy to be read/ of being read. 16. bless /bles/ vt. (表示惊奇); 祝福 祝福 Bless you. (be) blessed with 有幸得到 I was blessed with a happy childhood. 【拓】blessing c.n. 幸事 u.n. 准许 He went with his parents’ blessing. 他是得到父母的准许才去的。 15. collar /ˈkɒlə(r)/ n. 衣领；颈圈；圈，箍 17. inch /ɪntʃ/ n. 英寸(=2.54cm)；少量，短距离 18. arm in arm 臂挽着臂 inches——I am five feet six inches tall. inch by inch 一点一点地，慢慢地 (稳扎稳打，循序渐进） 例：He climbed the mountain inch by inch. by an inch/ by inches (表示距离或数量) 非常近；缓慢地 例：The car stopped by inches. 那辆车差一点点就撞上了。 例：Time passed by inches. 时间过得很慢。 (foot 尺) They walked along the beach arm in arm. miss 是避开，没碰到 19. outline /ˈaʊtlaɪn/ vt. 概述，略述 n. 概述；轮廓线，略图 outline- outlined- outlined outlines an outline of ... 例： She gave me an outline of the lecture. 20. suspect /səˈspekt/ vt. & vi. 疑有，觉得（但没有确实证据） /ˈsʌspekt/ n. 嫌疑犯，可疑对象 suspect- suspected- suspected suspicion /sə'spɪʃ(ə)n/ n. suspicious /sə'spɪʃəs/ adj. suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人(做了)某事 suspect sb to be... 怀疑某人是... 例1: The policeman suspected him of killing the girl. 例2: She suspected him to be a liar. 她怀疑他在撒谎。 21. arrest /əˈrest/ n. & vt. 逮捕，拘捕 arrest- arrested- arrested arrest sb for (doing) sth 因(做)某事逮捕某人 例1： He was arrested for committing the crime. 他因为犯罪而被逮捕。 under arrest 被逮捕 例2：She was under arrest on suspicion of murder. 她因为被怀疑谋杀被捕。 22. wire /ˈwaɪə(r)/ vt.给(某人)打电报；接通(电源) n.金属丝；电线；铁丝网 wire- wired- wired wiring n. / 现在分词 wired adj. 联网的 wireless adj. 无线的 23. criminal /ˈkrɪmɪnl/ n. 罪犯 adj. 犯法的，犯罪的；刑事的；不道德的 crime n. 罪，罪行 criminally adv. criminalize v. 24. anyhow /ˈenihaʊ/ adv. 不过，总之；尽管；而且；随便地 不过，可放在句首或句末。前面所说过的某情况并不重要，重要的是下面要说的话。 例： What a terrible experience! Anyhow, you’re safe, that’s the main thing. 多么可怕的经历! 不过你现在平安无事，这比什么都好。 25. innocent /ˈɪnəsnt/ adj. 无辜的，清白的，无罪的; 天真无邪的，纯真的 反： guilty adj. 内疚的，惭愧的；有罪的 innocence n. innocently adv. be innocent of ... 没有...罪 例： He is innocent of the crime. 26. legal /ˈliːɡl/ adj. 合法的，法律的 (反）illegal adj. legally adv. —— illegally legality n. 合法性—— illegality 27. principle /ˈprɪnsəpl/ n. 道德原则；法则；信条 区分：principal n. 大学校长（BrE） adj. 最重要的，主要的 in principle 大体上；原则上，理论上 例： I agree with it in principle but I doubt if it will happen in practice. in theory 理论上 28. decent /ˈdiːsnt/ adj. 正派的，合乎礼节的；得体的，适当的 decently adv. decency n. (反) indecent Grammar - Integrated Skills P6-8 1. burden /ˈbɜːdn/ n. (义务、责任等的)重担，负担 bear/ carry the burden of ... 承担...的重担 relieve/ ease the burden 减轻负担 burden v. 使负重担 - burdened- burdened be burdened with... 背负着... 2. geophysicist n. 地球物理学家 3. core adj. 核心的；最重要的 n. 核心，最重要的部分 be at the core of 是...的核心,处于...的核心地位 4. socialist adj. 社会主义的 n. 社会主义者 social adj. 社会的 society n. 社会 socialism n. 社会主义 socialize v. 社交；使社会化 5. resign vt. & vi. 辞职，辞去 resign from... 从...辞职 例：She resigned from the government last week. 她上周从政府辞职了。 resign one’s post/seat/position 辞去职务 resign oneself to (doing) sth 听从，顺从... 例：She resigned herself to her fate. 她顺从于命运。 6. ward n. 病房 【C】 substantially adv. 大量地；实质上 同义词： considerable adj. 7. substantial adj. 大量的，价值巨大的；结实的，牢固的 9. superb adj. 极佳的，卓越的，质量极高的 mine n. 矿； v. 采矿 miner n. 矿工 mineral water 矿泉水 8. mineral n. 矿物，矿物质 10. photographer n. 摄影师，拍照者 photograph n. 照片 v. 拍照 take photographs 拍照 guilt n. 内疚，罪行 guiltily adv. 内疚地，有罪地 反： innocent feel guilty about... 对...感到愧疚 例： I feel very guilty about leaving her. 对于离开她我感到十分内疚。 be guilty of ... 犯有...罪；对...感到内疚 例：She may be guilty of murder. 她可能犯了谋杀罪。 11. guilty adj. 感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的 12. ashamed adj. 惭愧，羞愧，尴尬 shame n. 羞耻，羞愧，可耻的事，遗憾的事 shameful adj. 可耻的 shameless adj. 不知羞耻的 be ashamed of (doing) sth 为(做)某事感到羞愧 例：She was deeply ashamed of her behaviour at the party. 她对自己在晚会上的表现感到羞愧。 be ashamed to do sth 羞于做某事 例：Their behaviour makes me ashamed to be British. 他们的行为让我羞于是一个英国人。 feel/be ashamed that... 对...感到羞愧 例：She felt ashamed that she had missed her sister’s wedding. 人作主语 事物作主语 13. forgive (forgave, forgiven) v. 原谅，宽恕；免除(债务) forgive sb for (doing) sth 原谅某人(做)某事 例：I'll never forgive her for what she did. 我永远不会原谅她的所作所为。 forgive sb sth 原谅某人某事 例: They forgave him his rudeness. forgive and forget 冰释前嫌 forgiving 现在分词 adj. 宽容的，宽宏大量的 forgiveness n. 原谅，宽恕 14. cheat vt. 欺骗，蒙骗 vi. 作弊，舞弊 cheat n. 骗子；欺诈，欺诈行为 cheater n. 骗子 cheat sb (out) of sth 骗取某人某物 例：He cheated investors out of billions of dollars. 他骗走了投资者几十亿美元。 cheat in the exam 考试作弊 例：Have you ever cheated in an exam? 你有没有在考试中作弊过？ 15. wrap vt. 包，裹；用...缠绕 n. 披肩，围巾；包裹材料 wrap- wrapped- wrapped wrapping n. 包装材料 wrapper n. 包装纸；封皮 wrap (sth) up 把某物包起来 例：He spent the evening wrapping up the Christmas presents. 他整个晚上都在包圣诞礼物。 be wrapped in... 被...包裹 Each apple was wrapped in paper. 每个苹果都用纸包起来了。 wrap...around 用...缠绕... A scarf was wrapped around his neck. 他脖子上围着围巾。 16. parcel n. 包裹，小包；一块地 vt. 裹好，打包 parcel- parceled- parceled 17. bow n. 蝴蝶结；弓 vi. 鞠躬，低头 bow- bowed- bowed bow to sb 向某人鞠躬 bow down to... 屈服于... = give in to... 18. nephew n. 侄子，外甥 niece n. 侄女，外甥女 19. disappointed adj. 失望的，沮丧的 disappoint; disappointing; disappointment (be) disappointed at / about / with sth. 例：She left the restaurant, disappointed with the bad service. (be) disappointed with / in sb. 例：I’m disappointed in you --- I really thought I could trust you! (be) disappointed to do sth 例：We were deeply / terribly disappointed to find the museum was closed. (be) disappointed + (that)从句 例：My mother said it was a great day, but she was just a little disappointed. 20. wrinkle n. 皱纹；褶皱，皱痕 vt. & vi. (使脸上)起皱纹，皱起 wrinkled adj. 有皱纹的；皱巴巴的 wrinkle one’s forehead 皱起眉头 例：He wrinkled his forehead, confused and worried by the strange event. 21. pause vi. 停顿，暂停 n. 停顿，停顿的时间 pause for thought 停下来思考 make a pause 暂停一下 without pause 不停地 22. sew (sewed, sewed/sewn) vi. & vt. 缝，做针线活； 缝上 /səʊn/ /səʊd/ sow - sowed - sown/ sowed v. 播种，种 /səʊ/ /səʊd/ /səʊn/ 23. pretend vi. & vt. 假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为 pretend to do sth 假装做某事 I pretended to be asleep. 我假装睡着了。 pretend to be doing sth 假装正在做某事 When his mother came in, he pretended to be doing his homework. pretend to have done 假装已经做了某事 I walked away, pretending not to have heard anything. pretend that ... 假装... We pretended (that) nothing had happened. 我们假装什么事都没发生。 Extended Reading 1. privilege n. 荣幸；特殊利益 vt. 给予特权，特别优待 privilege- privileged- privileged It is a privilege （for sb） to do sth 做某事是荣幸 It is a great privilege to hear her sing. have the privilege of doing sth 很荣幸... I hope to have the privilege of working with them again. 2. embrace vt. & vi. 欣然接受；包含；拥抱 embrace- embraced- embraced embracing embrace changes/opportunities 接受改变/机遇 embrace life 拥抱生活 3. phase n. 阶段，时期 phases in the early/late phase of 在……的早期/后期 phrase（短语） 4. anchor n. 锚；给以安全感的人（或物） vi. & vt. 抛锚；使固定 anchor- anchored- anchored be anchored in 扎根于；基于 = be based on His confidence is anchored in years of hard practice. （他的自信源于多年的刻苦练习。 5. mercy n. 仁慈，宽恕 show mercy to 对……仁慈 have mercy on 对……仁慈 at the mercy of sb/sth 任……处置，对……无能为力 We were at the mercy of the weather. 我们对天气无能为力。 派生：merciful adj. 仁慈的 merciless adj. 铁石心肠的 6. likewise adv. 同样地；也，而且 同样地；也（= similarly）—— 2023新高考I卷写作衔接词 而且；此外（= besides） 7. deadline n. 最后期限，截止日期 deadlines meet a deadline 赶上截止日期 miss a deadline 错过截止日期 set a deadline 设定截止时间 8. guidance n. 指导；导航 guide v. 指导；引导 guide- guided- guided under one’s guidance = under the guidance of sb 在某人的指导下 9. fault n. 责任，过错；缺点，弱点 faulty adj. 有故障的，有缺陷的 at fault 有责任，有错 a fault in sth 在……方面有缺陷 find fault (with sb/sth) 找茬，抱怨（某人/某物） 例1: I think the owners are at fault for not warning us. 我认为主人要为没有提醒我们负责。 例2: There is a major fault in the design. 这个设计中有一个重大缺陷。 例3：My mother did nothing but find fault with my manners. 我妈妈只会抱怨我的礼貌。 10. virtue n. 美德；正直的品性；优点 virtuous adj. 有道德的；善良的 traditional virtues 传统美德 have the virtue of 有……的优点 moral virtues 道德品质 by / in virtue of ... 凭借，由于 She got the job by virtue of her greater experience. 11. integrity n. 诚实正直；完整，完好 behave with integrity 行为举止诚实正直 the terriorial integrity of the country 国家领土完整 12. organic adj. 有机的，统一的；绿色的，不使用化肥的；生物的 organically adv. inorganic adj. 无机的 organism n.有机体，生物 organic food 有机食品 13. starfish n. 海星，星鱼 14. discouraged adj. 灰心的 discourage vt. 使灰心 (反encourage) discouraging adj. discouragement n. discourage sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 例： We discourage you from smoking except in specific areas. be discouraged at/by sth 对……感到灰心/被……阻碍 例： Don't be discouraged by temporary failures. 不要被暂时的失败击垮。 15. garbage n. 垃圾，废话 a garbage can 16. saving n. 节省物，节省；储蓄金 save 救；节省；储蓄 savings 存款；积蓄，通常作复数 savings account 储蓄账户 17. bonus n. 意外收获；奖金；红利 (C) a bonus for... ……的额外收获/奖励 18. weigh on sb/ sth 使焦虑不安，加重...的思想负担 weigh v. 称重；重达；权衡 weight n. 重量；重担 例句： Don't let such a small matter weigh on you.（别让这么一件小事让你心烦。） 19. jade n. 玉、碧玉 形容词：jaded（厌倦的；厌烦的；精疲力竭的）—— 高考熟词生义  20. sow v. 播种，种植 sow- sowed- sowed/ sown sow seeds of friendship/doubt 21. harvest n. 收成，收获量；收获季节，收割 vt. & vi. 收割，捕猎 a good / bad / poor harvest 22. rejoice vi. & vt. 非常高兴，深感欣喜 rejoicing（欣喜；庆祝） rejoice at/over sth 因……而欣喜 rejoice to do sth 高兴做某事 例句： We rejoiced at the news of their victory. （我们听到他们胜利的消息而欣喜若狂。） She rejoiced to see her old friend again. （再次见到老朋友她很高兴。） 23. quote n. 引语 引语 (=quotation) v. 引用，引述，举例说明 He quoted a passage from the minister's speech. 他引用了牧师演讲中的一段文字。 $