重难03 阅读理解题（重难专练）（天津专用）2026年中考英语二轮复习讲练测

重难点03 阅读理解题（重难专练）（天津专用）（原卷版） 内容导航 第一部分 考情透视 目标导航 题型概述 考查内容 解题步骤 解题策略 备考建议 第二部分 知识导图 思维引航 第三部分 核心精讲 题型突破 真题研析 核心精讲 命题预测 考●情●透●视●目●标●导●航 考情分析 天津中考阅读理解选材题材广泛、体裁多样，涵盖记叙文、说明文和应用文等。其中A篇通常为记叙文，B篇多为说明文或记叙文，C篇多为说明文或应用文。每篇约160-300词，通常设15题，每题2分，总分30-分。难整体难度适中，但区分度明显。A篇记叙文难度较低，B/C篇说明文、应用文难度中等，部分推理判断题和主旨大意题有较强迷惑性，难度较大，是拉开分数差距的关键。 考点分布 1. 细节理解题：考查从文中找到具体信息的能力，如人物的行为、事件的时间地点、事物的特征等的能力。 2.  推理判断题：考查依据文本信息进行合理推断的能力，包括推断作者意图、人物性格、人物感受、故事结局、文章出处、写作意图等的能力。 3. 主旨大意题：考查概括中心思想、选择最佳标题、判断段落大意的能力。 4. 词义猜测题：考查通过上下文语境、构词法知识或生活常识猜测生词或短语含义的能力。 考法与比重 细节理解题 约10题，考查信息定位与比对能力。 推理判断题 约2题，考查逻辑思维与推断能力。 主旨大意题 约2题，考查概括归纳能力。 词义猜测题 约1题，考查语境理解能力。 命题规律 1.语篇选材——联系生活，关注热点。 2. 考点设置——均匀分布，层层递进。 3. 选项设计——干扰有据，陷阱分明。 4.能力导向——素养立意，思维为重。 备考建议 1. 增加阅读量，拓展知识面。 2.掌握阅读技巧，提升阅读效率。 3. 积累词汇，夯实语言基础。 4. 精研真题，总结规律。 5. 限时训练，适应考试节奏。 6. 分析错题，针对性改进。 题型概述 阅读理解是中考英语的核心题型，主要考查学生从书面语篇中获取信息、处理信息和理解意义的能力。 天津中考阅读理解选材题材广泛、体裁多样，涵盖记叙文、说明文和应用文三大类，A篇通常为记叙文，讲述人物经历、成长故事、亲情友情等，难度较低；B/C篇：多为说明文或议论文，涉及科普知识、社会现象、文化习俗等，难度中等。 文章长度：每篇约160-300词，通常设15题，每题2分，总分30-分。题目顺序通常与文章内容顺序一致， 前几题多为细节理解题，帮助考生建立信心，中间穿插词义猜测和推理判断题，最后一题往往是主旨大意题，需要整体把握。 考查内容 （一）按文体分类 1. 记叙文 考查重点：人物行为、事件发展、情感变化、故事寓意等，是天津中考阅读理解的“常客”，通常出现在A篇。文章讲述一个完整的故事，有明确的时间线、人物和情节。 考查方式包括： 1) 谁在什么时间做了什么（细节理解） 2) 人物为什么这么做（推理判断） 3) 故事告诉我们什么道理（主旨大意） 4) 某个词在语境中的含义（词义猜测） 2. 说明文 考查重点：事物特征、原理过程、原因结果、功能作用，通常出现在B篇或C篇，介绍某种事物或现象，如如灯笼鱼为什么会发光、盐对人们的重要性、维他命D的作用等。 考查方式包括： 1) 说明对象是什么（细节理解） 2) 为什么会发生某种现象（推理判断） 3) 文章主要介绍什么（主旨大意） 4) 专业术语的含义（词义猜测） 3. 应用文 考查重点：信息提取、目的判断、细节比对，通常出现在C篇，涵盖广告、通知、海报、指南、书信等多种形式，涉及生活的各个方面，如活动安排、产品介绍、招聘信息等。 考查方式包括： 1) 文中具体细节的准确理解，如价格、规格、要求（细节理解题）。 2) 细节排序：（细节理解）。 3) 推断文章出处：（推理判断）。 4) 概括应用文的主要目的或核心内容：（主旨归纳题）。 （二）按题目类型分类 1. 细节理解题： 考查能力从文中找到具体信息的能力，如人物的行为、事件的时间地点、事物的特征等。 设问方式： According to the passage, what/when/where/why/how...? Which of the following is TRUE/NOT true? The writer mentions ... to show that ______. ...... 2. 推理判断题: 考查依据文本信息进行合理推断的能力，包括推断作者意图、人物性格、故事结局、文章走向等。 设问方式： (1) What can we infer from the passage? (2) What does the writer think of...? (3) What would happen next? (4) The writer probably agrees that ______. (5) ...... 3. 主旨大意题: 考查能力概括中心思想、选择最佳标题、判断段落大意的能力。 设问方式： (1) What is the main idea of the passage? (2) What is the best title for the passage? (3) The passage is mainly about ______. (4) What does the last paragraph mainly tell us? (5) ...... 4. 词义猜测题: 考查能力通过上下文语境、构词法知识或生活常识猜测生词或短语含义的能力。 设问方式： (1) The underlined word “...” in Paragraph 2 probably means ______. (2) What does the word “...” refer to? (3) Which of the following can replace the word “...”? ...... 解题步骤 第一步：略读全文，把握大意（2-3分钟） 快速浏览文章的标题、首尾段、每段首句，了解文章的主题、文体和大致内容。 (1) 记叙文：关注人物、事件、结局； (2) 说明文：关注说明对象、主要特征； (3) 应用文：关注文本类型、信息板块； 第二步：审读题干，定位信息（3-4分钟） 先读题目（不看选项），明确每道题考查什么。带着问题回文章找答案： (1) 细节理解题：锁定关键词所在句； (2) 推理判断题：找到依据段，仔细分析； (3) 主旨大意题：重点关注首尾段和各段主题句； (4) 词义猜测题：找到划线词所在句，上下各看1-2句。 第三步：比对选项，确定答案（1-2分钟） 将找到的信息与四个选项进行比对，排除干扰项，选出最佳答案。 注意事项： 遇到不确定的题目，先做标记，最后再回头思考； 坚决避免主观臆断，所有答案都要在文中找到依据； 注意选项中的绝对化词语（all, never, must等），往往是陷阱。 解题策略 技巧一：快速定位法 细节理解题最常用的技巧。先读题干，找出关键词（时间、地点、人名、数字、专有名词等），然后带着关键词回文章扫读，快速定位到相关信息所在的句子或段落。 使用场景： 1) 细节理解题； 2) 是非判断题； 3) 寻找特定信息； 【例题1·2023天津中考】 Passage: Daniel and Peter were waiting for the school bus. They looked down the road but couldn't see it. Just then, their friend Ben came. He was not in school uniform. “Why are you not in school uniform?” Daniel asked. Ben said, “Today is a holiday. We don’t need to go to school.” Daniel and Peter looked at each other and laughed. Question: Why couldn't Daniel and Peter see the school bus? A. They were late. B. It was a holiday. C. The bus broke down. D. They went to the wrong place. 【答案】B 【解析】 本题考查快速定位信息的能力。题干关键词是“couldn't see the school bus”（看不到校车）。在文中定位到第一句“Daniel and Peter were waiting for the school bus. They looked down the road but couldn’t see it.”但这里没有解释原因。继续往下读，Ben说“Today is a holiday. We don't need to go to school.”（今天是假日，我们不需要上学。）这正是校车不来的原因。A选项“他们迟到了”、C选项“校车坏了”、D选项“他们走错了地方”在文中均无提及。根据快速定位到的信息，答案为B。 【例题2·2024天津和平区一模】 Passage: The Tianjin Science and Technology Museum opens from Tuesday to Sunday, 9:00 am to 4:30 pm. It is closed on Monday. Visitors can enjoy different exhibitions about space, robots, and human body. Tickets are free, but you need to book online before your visit. Question: When can people visit the Tianjin Science and Technology Museum? A. Monday 9:00 am B. Wednesday 3:00 pm C. Sunday 5:00 pm D. Tuesday 8:00 am 【答案】B 【解析】 本题考查快速定位细节信息的能力。题干关键词是“When can people visit”（何时可以参观）。文中第一句明确“opens from Tuesday to Sunday, 9:00 am to 4:30 pm”（周二至周日，上午9点到下午4点半开放）。A选项Monday（周一）闭馆；C选项Sunday 5:00 pm（周日下午5点）已超出4:30闭馆时间；D选项Tuesday 8:00 am（周二上午8点）未到9点开放时间。B选项Wednesday 3:00 pm（周三下午3点）在开放时间内。根据快速定位的信息，答案为B。 技巧二：选项排除法 当直接确定答案有困难时，可以采用排除法。根据文章内容，逐一分析四个选项，排除与原文信息不符的选项，剩下的就是正确答案。 使用场景： 1) 是非判断题（Which is TRUE/NOT true?）； 2) 选项信息量大、干扰性强的题目； 3) 不确定正确答案时。 【例题3·2022天津中考】 Passage: Steve was at home with his two younger brothers while his mother was at work. He played with them, made lunch for them, and helped them take a nap. When his mother came home, she was very happy and said, “Thank you, Steve. You are such a good brother.” Question: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Steve's mother was at home. B. Steve played with his friends. C. Steve made lunch for his brothers. D. Steve’s brothers helped him cook. 【答案】C 【解析】 本题考查运用排除法判断正误。 A选项“Steve的妈妈在家”与原文“while his mother was at work”（当他妈妈上班时）矛盾，排除。 B选项“Steve和他的朋友们玩”与原文“with his two younger brothers”（和他的两个弟弟）矛盾，排除。 C选项“Steve为他的弟弟们做了午饭”与原文“made lunch for them”（为他们做午饭）一致，保留。 D选项“Steve的弟弟们帮他做饭”原文未提及，无中生有，排除。 通过逐一排除错误选项，确定答案为C。 【例题4·2025天津河东区一模】 Passage: Many people think that only adults need to have dreams. But in fact, dreams are important for everyone, including children. Dreams can give us hope and help us work hard. A student without a dream may lose interest in study. Question: What can we learn from the passage? A. Only adults need dreams. B. Dreams are not important for children. C. Dreams can help us work hard. D. Students with dreams never lose interest. 【答案】C 【解析】 本题考查运用排除法判断信息正误。 A选项“只有成年人需要梦想”与原文“dreams are important for everyone, including children”（梦想对每个人都很重要，包括孩子）矛盾，排除。 B选项“梦想对孩子不重要”与原文矛盾，排除。 C选项“梦想能帮助我们努力学习”与原文“give us hope and help us work hard”（给我们希望，帮助我们努力学习）一致，保留。 D选项“有梦想的学生从不失去兴趣”中的“never”（从不）过于绝对，原文只说“may lose interest”（可能会失去兴趣），属于范围偏差，排除。 通过排除，确定答案为C。 技巧三：找主题句法 主旨大意题的关键是找到文章的主题句。主题句通常出现在： 文章开头：开门见山，点明主旨； 文章结尾：总结全文，升华主题； 段落首句：每段的第一句往往是该段的主题句； 转折词后：but, however, yet等后面的句子常强调重点。 使用场景： 1) 主旨大意题； 2) 选择最佳标题； 3) 段落大意概括； 【例题5·2021天津中考】 Passage: Helping others is a great way to make the world a better place. Last week, my classmate Wang Hong did something really kind. On her way home, she saw an old tree branch blocking the road. She tried to move it, but it was too heavy. Then some passers-by came to help. Together, they moved the branch away. Everyone felt happy. This small act taught me that when we work together, we can solve problems easily. Question: What is the main idea of the passage? A. Wang Hong is a strong girl. B. Moving branches is difficult. C. Helping others makes the world better. D. Passers-by are always helpful. 【答案】C 【解析】 本题考查找主题句把握主旨。文章第一句“Helping others is a great way to make the world a better place”（帮助他人是让世界变得更美好的好方法）就是主题句，直接点明了主旨。下文用王红的故事作为例子来证明这一观点。最后一句“This small act taught me that when we work together, we can solve problems easily”（这个小举动教会我，当我们一起努力时，我们能轻松解决问题）再次呼应主题。 A选项“王红是个强壮的女孩”是细节，不是主旨；B选项“搬树枝很困难”也是细节；D选项“路人总是乐于助人”中的“always”过于绝对，且不是主旨。根据主题句，答案为C。 【例题6·2024天津南开区二模】 Passage: Many students feel nervous before exams. But there are ways to deal with it. First, make a good study plan and follow it. Second, get enough sleep and eat healthy food. Third, take deep breaths when you feel worried. Remember, exams are just a way to check what you have learned. Don't be too hard on yourself. Question: What is the best title for the passage? A. How to Study Well B. How to Deal with Exam Stress C. The Importance of Exams D. Ways to Get Good Sleep 【答案】B 【解析】 本题考查选择最佳标题。文章第一句“Many students feel nervous before exams”（许多学生在考试前感到紧张）引出话题。第二句“But there are ways to deal with it”（但有办法应对）是主题句，点明文章主旨——介绍应对考试紧张的方法。后面用First, Second, Third列举了具体方法。最后两句给出心态建议。 A选项“如何学好”范围太宽，文章重点是应对考试压力而非学习方法；C选项“考试的重要性”偏离主题；D选项“获得好睡眠的方法”只是文章提到的一个细节，不能概括全文。根据主题句，答案为B。 技巧四：上下文推理法 推理判断题需要依据文中信息进行合理推断，而不是直接找到原句。做题时要抓住关键词，结合上下文逻辑、人物性格、情节发展等进行推理。 使用场景： 1) 推断人物性格、情感态度； 2) 推断作者意图； 3) 推断故事结局； 4) 推断隐含意义； 5) 推测文章出处。 【例题7·2022天津中考】 Passage: Tom and his father were walking in the park. They saw a little girl crying on a bench. Tom went over and asked, “What's wrong?” The girl said she couldn’t find her mother. Tom stayed with her and comforted her until her mother came back. The mother thanked Tom very much. Tom's father smiled and said, “I’m proud of you, son.” Question: What can we infer about Tom? A. He is a shy boy. B. He is kind and helpful. C. He doesn't like his father. D. He often gets lost. 【答案】B 【解析】 本题考查根据行为推断人物性格。从Tom的行为——主动询问哭泣的女孩、陪着她、安慰她、直到她妈妈回来——可以看出他是一个善良、乐于助人的孩子。A选项“害羞”与主动上前帮助的行为矛盾；C选项“不喜欢他父亲”文中无依据，父亲最后还表扬了他；D选项“经常迷路”文中无依据。根据上下文推理，答案为B。 【例题8·2023天津河北区一模】 Passage: It was raining heavily. Mike saw an old man standing at the bus stop without an umbrella. Mike had only one umbrella, but he walked over and shared it with the old man. They waited together for the bus. When the bus came, Mike let the old man get on first. Then he ran to school in the rain. He was wet when he arrived, but he felt warm inside. Question: How did Mike probably feel after helping the old man? A. Sad and tired. B. Angry and upset. C. Happy and proud. D. Surprised and scared. 【答案】C 【解析】 本题考查根据上下文推断人物情感。文章最后一句“He was wet when he arrived, but he felt warm inside”（他到学校时浑身湿透了，但内心感到温暖）直接表明Mike的感受——“温暖”。结合帮助他人的情境，这种“温暖”来自于帮助别人后的快乐和自豪。A选项“伤心疲惫”、B选项“生气沮丧”、D选项“惊讶害怕”都与“felt warm inside”矛盾。根据上下文推理，答案为C。 技巧五：词义猜测法 遇到生词时，不要慌张，更不要直接放弃。可以通过以下线索猜测词义： 定义解释：is, means, refers to, called等后面的内容； 同义复现：and, also, as well as等连接的近义词； 反义对比：but, however, while等连接的相反含义； 因果关系：because, so, since等提示的原因结果； 生活常识：根据经验判断； 构词法：前缀、后缀、合成词等。 使用场景： 1) 词义猜测题； 2) 阅读中遇到生词时。 【例题9·2025天津中考】 Passage: Some fish, like the lantern fish, can produce light from their bodies. This helps them find food or avoid enemies in the dark deep sea. The light is created by a special chemical in their skin. Question: The underlined word “produce” in the passage probably means ______. A. eat B. make C. find D. hide 【答案】B 【解析】 本题考查根据上下文猜测词义。划线词所在句“Some fish can produce light from their bodies”（有些鱼能从身体里______光）。下文说“This helps them find food or avoid enemies”（这帮助它们寻找食物或躲避敌人），说明这个光是有实际用途的。再往下看“The light is created by a special chemical”（这种光是由一种特殊的化学物质______的），created（创造、产生）与produce是同义复现。因此，produce在这里意思是“产生、制造”。A选项eat（吃）、C选项find（找到）、D选项hide（躲藏）均不符合语境。答案为B。 【例题10·2021天津河西区二模】 Passage: When you are in a library, you should keep quiet. If you talk loudly, others may be disturbed. They cannot read or study well. So remember to be considerate of others. Question: The underlined word “disturbed” in the passage probably means ______. A. helped B. bothered C. interested D. surprised 【答案】B 【解析】 本题考查根据上下文猜测词义。划线词所在句“If you talk loudly, others may be disturbed”（如果你大声说话，别人可能会被______）。前文说“你应该保持安静”，后文说“他们无法好好读书学习”。根据因果关系和常识，大声说话会“打扰”别人，让别人无法专心。因此，disturbed意思是“被打扰”。A选项helped（被帮助）与语境相反；C选项interested（被引起兴趣）和D选项surprised（被惊讶）都不符合“无法好好读书”的结果。答案为B。 技巧六：主旨推断法 有些主旨大意题不能直接从原文找到主题句，需要通读全文后自己概括。这时要抓住： 文章反复出现的关键词； 作者多次强调的观点； 故事传递的寓意或道理； 文章开头和结尾的呼应关系。 使用场景： 3) 无明显主题句的文章； 4) 需要概括寓意的记叙文； 5) 选择标题。 【例题11·2023天津红桥区二模】 Passage: A little boy found a cocoon. He took it home and watched it every day. One day, a small opening appeared. The butterfly inside was struggling to get out. The boy felt sorry for it, so he cut the cocoon open. The butterfly came out easily, but its body was swollen and its wings were small. It could never fly. The boy learned that the struggle was necessary for the butterfly to become strong. Question: What does the story mainly tell us? A. Butterflies are beautiful. B. Boys should not keep cocoons. C. Struggles help us grow stronger. D. It's good to help others. 【答案】C 【解析】 本题考查概括故事寓意。文章讲述了一个男孩帮蝴蝶剪开茧，反而害了蝴蝶的故事。最后一句点明道理：“the struggle was necessary for the butterfly to become strong”（挣扎对于蝴蝶变强是必要的）。这是故事的核心寓意。A选项“蝴蝶很美”是细节，不是主旨；B选项“男孩不应该养茧”是表面结论，不是深层寓意；D选项“帮助别人是好事”与故事相反——男孩的“帮助”反而害了蝴蝶。根据故事寓意，答案为C。 【例题12·2024天津津南区一模】 Passage: In a small village, there lived an old man who always smiled. Even when things went wrong, he found something to be happy about. The villagers asked him, “Why are you always so happy?” He said, “Every morning I choose to be happy. Bad things may happen, but I don't let them take away my joy.” The villagers learned a lot from him. Question: What can we learn from the old man? A. We should never feel sad. B. Happiness is a choice. C. Old people are always happy. D. Villagers are friendly. 【答案】B 【解析】 本题考查概括文章主旨。文章通过老人的话“Every morning I choose to be happy”（每天早上我选择快乐）点明核心观点：快乐是一种选择。A选项“我们永远不该感到悲伤”过于绝对，老人没说不能悲伤，而是不让悲伤夺走快乐；C选项“老人总是快乐的”以偏概全；D选项“村民们很友好”偏离主题。根据老人说的话和文章主旨，答案为B。 备考建议 1. 增加阅读量，拓展知识面 每日坚持：每天保证20-30分钟的英语阅读时间； 题材多样：除教材外，可阅读英文报刊、分级读物、简易名著等； 关注热点：多读关于科技发展、环境保护、文化习俗、青少年成长等话题的文章； 天津特色：适当阅读介绍天津本地文化、地标的英文材料。 2. 掌握阅读技巧，提升阅读效率 略读：快速浏览，抓住主旨； 扫读：带着关键词查找特定信息； 精读：仔细分析关键段落，理解深层含义。 3. 积累词汇，夯实语言基础 课标词汇：熟练掌握《义务教育英语课程标准》要求的1500-1600个单词； 高频词汇：整理近五年真题中出现的高频词； 构词法：掌握常见前缀后缀，通过构词法扩大词汇量。 4. 精研真题，总结规律 近五年真题至少做三遍： 第一遍：模拟实战，感受真题难度； 第二遍：分析错题，追查错误原因； 第三遍：总结规律，站在命题人角度思考。 5. 限时训练，适应考试节奏 每篇阅读理解控制在6-8分钟。 4篇文章总计25-30分钟 用手机计时，培养时间感。 6. 综合运用六大技巧 做细节题，用快速定位法； 做是非题，用选项排除法； 做主旨题，用找主题句法或主旨推断法； 做推理题，用上下文推理法； 做词义题，用词义猜测法。 知●识●导●图●思●维●引●航 核●心●精●讲●题●型●突●破 真题研析 一、2025年天津市中考真题 （2025·天津·中考真题）The sports meeting was coming. Mario was going to take part in the race. He needed a new pair of shoes, because there were holes near the big toes (脚趾) of the old ones. On a Sunday morning, Mario’s mother took him to the store. A shop worker measured (量) Mario’s feet. “Your feet are size 2,” the shop worker said to Mario. “But I only wore size I last year!” said Mario. The shop worker smiled at Mario. Mario looked at the shoes on the shelf (架子). He chose two different pairs to try on. One pair was black. The other was blue. The shop worker brought two boxes. In each box, there was a size 2 pair of the shoes that Mario chose. Mario tried on the two pairs of shoes. The black ones pinched (挤痛) his toes when he walked. Then Mario tried on the blue ones. He walked around the store. He jumped. He stood on his toes. “Mum, I want to buy the blue ones, because they feel just right,” Mario said to his mother happily. “I can’t wait to wear my new shoes to school tomorrow!” shouted Mario. 1．Mario needed new shoes to take part in ________. A．the party B．the trip C．the race D．the picnic 2．Who took Mario to buy new shoes? A．His father. B．His sister. C．His brother. D．His mother. 3．What size were Mario’s feet last year? A．Size 1. B．Size 2. C．Size 3. D．Size 4. 4．Mario wanted to buy the blue shoes because they ________. A．were cheap B．felt just right C．were small D．pinched his toes 5．How did Mario feel about his new shoes? A．Nervous. B．Worried. C．Excited. D．Shy. （2025·天津·中考真题）Lanternfish (灯笼鱼) are fish that carry their own lights. Most lanternfish are brown on top and silver underneath (在下面). They have very large eyes. They eat small sea animals. If you want to find them, you must go deep into the sea. As you go deeper and deeper, the daylight (日光) becomes dimmer and dimmer. At over 152 metres below the surface (表面) of the water, the daylight is almost gone. The water is dark blue. There you will find lanternfish. There are over 230 different kinds of lanternfish in the world. Most lanternfish are just as long as your fingers. Even the biggest lanternfish are only about 15 centimetres (厘米) long. They are not large in size. However, each lanternfish has about 100 small round lights on the lower part of its body. The fish use their lights to help them catch food. They also use their lights to send information so that they can recognise (认出) each other. At night, they may swim up near the surface of the sea. Their lights shine like stars under the water. Lanternfish are one of the wonders of the sea. 6．What is the colour of most lanternfish on top? A．Brown. B．Green. C．Red. D．Silver. 7．What does the word “dimmer” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Quicker. B．Easier. C．Richer. D．Darker. 8．How many kinds of lanternfish are there in the world? A．Over 152. B．Over 230. C．About 15. D．About 100. 9．In order to recognise each other, lanternfish also use lights to ________. A．drink water B．cook food C．send information D．fall asleep 10．In which part of a magazine can we find the passage? A．Art. B．Space. C．Health. D．Nature. （2025·天津·中考真题）There are many kinds of work. People do different things in their work. We talked to three young people about their careers (职业). Read about them. Jane, 22: I’m a travel agent (代理人). I plan vacations for different kinds of people. I need to buy plane tickets, book hotel rooms and make travel plans. I pay attention to the needs of my customers and help solve their travel problems. I really like the working hours from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm every day. And I can buy plane tickets at very low prices. Grace, 24: I sell electronics (电子产品) in a store. I help people make decisions about choosing and buying electronics. I need to know clearly about the information of each product in our store. I’m a fan of technology, so I think it’s always interesting to learn about new electronics. Sometimes I have to work late at night, but I still enjoy my work. And they pay me very well. Mike, 25: I’m a website designer (设计师). I make websites for different companies. To make a website for a company, I learn about the company and its needs first. I write down some ideas. After that, I talk to people at the company again to improve my design. Then I complete the website. I like to create new things. I feel so happy when I see the results of my work. Also, I work on my computer at home. This means I can decide my own working hours and have more time with my family. 11．What does Jane do for different kinds of people? A．She repairs computers. B．She plans vacations. C．She writes books. D．She does housework 12．What is always interesting for Grace? A．To work very late at night. B．To learn about new electronics C．To have more time with her family. D．To help people solve travel problems. 13．What is the right order for Mike to make a website for a company? a. Write down some ideas          b. Finish making the website. c. Learn about the company and its needs.     d. Communicate with people at the company again. A．a-b-c-d B．a-c-d-b C．c-b-a-d D．c-a-d-b 14．We can learn from the passage that the three young people all ________. A．sell electronics B．make little money C．enjoy their work D．create new technology 15．This passage mainly helps people ________. A．decide their working hours B．learn about different work C．find a company to work for D．become fans of technology （2024·天津·中考真题）Sara and Jack helped their mother and father work on the farm. They got food and drink from the farm. Sara got water from the stream. Jack got eggs from the hens. Sara got apples from the trees. Jack got corn from the field. Sara got milk from the cow. After Sara and Jack worked, they went into the house. When it got dark at night, Father made a fire so that the house had light. Then Mother told the family some news. “There is a new food called ice cream,” Mother said. “But some people call it cream ice.” The whole family smiled. The family thought that cream ice was a funny name for a food. “Can we try some ice cream, Mother?” asked Jack. “We need ice and milk to make it,” said Mother. “We have to wait until winter when it snows. Then we will get ice.” Sara and Jack couldn’t wait until winter so that they could try ice cream. 16．Where did Sara and Jack help their mother and father work? A．In the hotel. B．On the farm. C．In the cinema. D．On the train. 17．Where did Sara get water? A．From the cow. B．From the field. C．From the stream. D．From the trees. 18．When the house had light, Mother ________ to the family. A．showed some photos B．sang some songs C．read some poems D．told some news 19．What did the family think of the name of cream ice? A．It was funny. B．It was easy. C．It was helpful. D．It was common. 20．What did they need to make ice cream? A．Sugar and eggs. B．Ice and milk. C．Apples and corn. D．Milk and meat. （2024·天津·中考真题）Salt has always been important to people. In the past, it was as valuable as gold. Over the years, people discovered different ways to get salt. Some early people got salt from rocks. In other places, people got salt from the sea. They took sea water and put it in the sun. After a long time, the water dried up (耗尽). Then people could get salt. Today, people still get salt from the sea. But most salt comes from salt mines (矿) and salt wells (井). How do people get salt from salt mines? They dig deep into the ground for it. To get salt from salt wells, people put two pipes (管子) into the ground. Water is sent down through one of the pipes. And the water is mixed with the salt in salt wells. It makes salt water. Then the salt water is pushed up through the other pipe. Later, the salt is taken out of the salt water. People once worked hard to find and make salt. Now, people can buy it at any food store. 21．Some early people got salt from ________. A．flowers B．fruits C．trees D．rocks 22．Why did people put sea water in the sun? A．To get salt. B．To catch fish. C．To wash clothes. D．To water crops. 23．How do people get salt from salt mines? A．By mixing sand with gold. B．By digging deep into the ground. C．By putting oil on rocks. D．By throwing stones into the sea. 24．What is the right order of getting salt from salt wells? a. The salt is taken out of the salt water. b. Water is sent down through one of the pipes. c. The salt water is pushed up through the other pipe. A．a-b-c B．b-c-a C．c-b-a D．b-a-c 25．The passage is mainly about ________. A．who discovered salt B．when we made salt C．where salt comes from D．how much salt we need （2024·天津·中考真题）The Internet is often used to buy and sell products, pay bills, and communicate with people. But how safe is it when you use the Internet? Our magazine Interactions asked some Internet users about their experiences. Linda, 29, nurse: I pay all my bills online. One day, I received an email from my bank. It told me that someone was trying to take out money from my account (账号), so I should email my password (密码) to the “bank manager”. I felt something was wrong, so I called my bank and asked about the email. The bank said they never sent it. I realised that someone tried to cheat (欺骗) me of my money. I’ll continue paying my bills this way, but I’ll be more careful. Emily, 22, office worker: I was at work, and I sent an email to a friend of mine. I was telling her about my problems with Mark, the manager. A few minutes later, a friend of Mark’s came over to my desk. He said, “So you think Mark is too strict?” My face was red. I chose the wrong name on my address list. It was my own fault, so I’ll look over my emails more carefully before I click “Send” next time. Thomas, 21, university student: I love the Internet! I look up lots of information online. I often buy things on the websites—furniture, clothes, CDs, even foods. I have also sold some of my things on the Internet. I only use the websites I trust and I’ve never had a safety problem. 26．Where is the passage taken from? A．A diary. B．A novel. C．A magazine. D．A history book. 27．Linda probably got the email from a person who ________. A．refused to lend money to her B．asked about her experiences C．sold things to her on the websites D．tried to cheat her of her money 28．The word “fault” in Paragraph 3 means “________”. A．project B．mistake C．advantage D．plan 29．Who shared enjoyable experiences according to the passage? A．Linda. B．Emily. C．Mark. D．Thomas. 30．What is the best title of the passage? A．The Internet: How Safe Is It? B．The Bank: How Useful Is It? C．The Website: How Cheap Is It? D．The Magazine: How Amazing Is It? （2023·天津·中考真题）In the morning, Daniel and Peter finished their breakfast quickly. They put on their school uniforms (校服), took their school bags and walked quickly to the bus stop. They had to wait for their school bus as usual. They waited for half an hour but the bus didn’t come. The two brothers were starting to get worried. They did not want to be late for school. Just then, Daniel’s classmate, Ben, came with a football on his bike. They were surprised to see that Ben wasn’t in his school uniform. Ben stopped in front of the two brothers and asked, “Where are you going?” “To school,” replied Peter quickly. “Why aren’t you ready for school, Ben?” Daniel asked. “Have you forgotten that today is a school holiday?” laughed Ben. “We have no lessons today!” When Daniel and Peter told their mother about it, they all laughed. At last, the brothers joined Ben in playing football in the field nearby. What a special morning! 31．When did the story happen? A．In the morning. B．At noon. C．In the afternoon. D．In the evening. 32．How did Daniel and Peter feel when their school bus didn’t come? A．Angry. B．Excited. C．Lonely. D．Worried. 33．Why were the two brothers surprised? A．Ben was a football fan. B．Ben wasn’t in his school uniform. C．Ben had a bicycle. D．Ben was leaving school. 34．The bus didn’t come because ________. A．the weather was bad B．the driver was sick C．it was a school holiday D．there was something wrong with it 35．What did the two brothers do at last? A．They went to the cinema. B．They played football with Ben. C．They read books at home. D．They cooked with their mother. （2023·天津·中考真题）About 80% of people do not get enough vitamin (维生素) D every day. But this vitamin is very important for your health. Vitamin D is really important for our bones (骨骼). When we are young, vitamin D builds up our bones and makes them strong. When we are older, we still need vitamin D to keep our bones strong. Our bodies keep the vitamin D in our bones and teeth. Then we lose vitamin D as we work and exercise during the day. But our bodies can’t make vitamin D．So we have to get it from outside of our bodies. Where can a person get this very important vitamin? Vitamin D is in foods like fish and eggs. Sometimes, vitamin D is added to bread, milk, and orange juice. Food is not the only way our bodies can get vitamin D．The sun also gives us vitamin D．If we want to be healthy, we should spend some time in the sun each day. Too much sun is not good for you, but about 15 minutes a day is usually enough. And we should be sure to eat foods that are rich in vitamin D, too. 36．The writer says that vitamin D ________. A．makes our bones strong B．keeps our hair clean C．is not necessary for our teeth D．is harmful to our hearts 37．Why do we have to get vitamin D from outside of our bodies? A．It makes us popular. B．It helps us eat more food. C．Our bodies can’t make vitamin D． D．The more vitamin D, the better. 38．According to the writer, people can get vitamin D by ________. A．eating fish B．watching TV C．working hard D．having a sleep 39．How long are we advised to spend in the sun each day? A．About 15 minutes. B．About 45 minutes. C．About 1 hour. D．About 2 hours. 40．Paragraph 3 mainly tells us ________. A．what vitamin D is B．where we can get vitamin D C．how much vitamin D we need D．why people don’t like vitamin D （2023·天津·中考真题）Most people love animals. Many children’s books use animals as the main characters. Many people look after animals as pets. The love for animals may be why both children and adults (成年人) enjoy going to zoos. In the past, zoos were usually started by rich people. The first zoo was started by a queen in Egypt in 1500 BC． Raising animals was a way for people to show they were wealthy and powerful. Sadly, the animals in the early zoos were not treated well. They didn’t receive enough attention or care. Today, zoos still bring people pleasure, but they try to protect animals and teach people as well. Zoos must follow rules. People must provide animals with a clean place to live, food and water, and health care. In this way, the rules help protect the animals. Some people think the rules are not enough. They want to do more to protect the animals they love. For example, people disapproved of the use of some large animals in shows. They thought the zoos didn’t have enough space for the animals to show. They also thought the animals were not treated properly. With so many people against the shows, the zoos decided to make a change. People see animals in zoos. At the same time, they try to learn about and protect them. Both people and animals can get a lot from each other. 41．Who started the first zoo? A．A queen in Egypt. B．A king in Egypt. C．A queen in England. D．A king in England. 42．How does the writer feel about the animals in the early zoos? A．He doesn’t care about them. B．He feels sad for them. C．He is proud of them. D．He is afraid of them. 43．According to the passage, zoos today must ________. A．train people for shows B．help look after family pets C．provide health care for tourists D．follow the rules to protect animals 44．The phrase “disapproved of” in Paragraph 4 means “________”. A．wrote about B．depended on C．were against D．were good at 45．What is the passage mainly about? A．Large animals in shows. B．Famous zoos around the world. C．Animals in the wild. D．Zoos in the past and today. （2022·天津·中考真题）Steve is James and John’s big brother. One day, when their mum left for work, James and John started crying. They didn’t want her to leave. Steve tried to stop them crying and said, “Let’s play hide-and-seek (捉迷藏). You hide and I’ll count to ten. Then I’ll try to find you.” Steve found James under a chair and John behind a door. They played over and over again. Each time, the two boys hid in the same places. Finally, Steve felt too bored with the game. “Let’s take the dog for a walk,” he said. When Steve walked the dog, he found James and John were running in the street. He thought it was so dangerous. Then he had an idea. “Anyone who walks back to the house with me can have some snacks!” Steve shouted. At home, the boys ate some cookies and got ready for a sleep. James and John wanted a story. Steve told them the story about the little red hen. When their mum returned home, she was pleased to find the three sleeping boys. 46．James and John started ________ when their mum left home. A．crying B．running C．reading D．sleeping 47．Where did James hide during the game? A．Under a table. B．Under a chair. C．Behind a door. D．Behind a box. 48．Why did Steve feel bored with the game? A．Because he was not good at it. B．Because he didn’t know where to hide. C．Because his brothers made the room dirty. D．Because his brothers always hid in the same places. 49．What were James and John doing when Steve walked the dog? A．Staying in the house. B．Shouting at Steve. C．Running in the street. D．Eating some snacks. 50．How did their mum feel when she found the sleeping boys? A．Angry. B．Pleased. C．Afraid. D．Sad. （2022·天津·中考真题）People in the office usually sit for most of the day when they work. But this is bad for a person’s health. When people sit for too long every day, they don’t move very much. So it is easy to start getting fat. Sitting too long is also bad for their work because it makes them want to sleep. When this happens, people may make more mistakes in their work or spend more time finishing their work. Companies need workers to be healthy, so how do they fix the problem? Some companies have different types of desks to help their workers. The first type of desk is the standing desk. The desk can be taller when a person wants to stand. It can also be shorter when the person wants to sit. Another type of desk is the walking desk. This desk is made so that a person can work while walking at the same time. Workers in the companies like the different types of desks very much. They think these desks are quite useful. 51．When people in the office work, they usually ________. A．sit B．move C．run D．sing 52．What does the word “fix” mean in Paragraph 1? A．Cause. B．Solve. C．Bring. D．Discuss. 53．How many types of desks are mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．2. B．3. C．4. D．5. 54．What do the workers think of the different types of desks? A．They are cheap. B．They are traditional. C．They are useful. D．They are expensive. 55．The purpose of the passage is to ________. A．tell us the reasons for sitting B．show the advantages of standing C．introduce desks that help people work better D．compare companies that provide different jobs （2022·天津·中考真题）Tea and coffee are two of the most popular drinks in the world. However, people usually like one more than the other. These drinks also have very different uses. Tea drinking started in China over 4,000 years ago. Tea is made from leaves. These days, some people drink tea for health, using it to help with stress(压力) or losing weight. However, most people in tea-drinking countries think of tea as more than just a healthy drink. In fact, tea drinking in some countries is a part of the culture. In Turkey(土耳其), tea is always there when people meet. Whether in someone’s home or a company, tea is always offered as a way of welcoming. In the UK, homes and offices usually have tea time. Tea and other dishes are served at tea time in the afternoon. It is a way of relaxing with friends or co-workers(同事). Coffee came much later than tea, just over 1,000 years ago. Coffee is made from beans. Something in the coffee beans makes a person feel active. Most people do not drink coffee to relax. Instead, they drink coffee to get going. Many people drink coffee in the morning to help them wake up. Others will also drink coffee during short breaks in the afternoon to keep going through the working day. Some people may visit coffee shops just to meet and talk with friends. However, many people in coffee shops drink coffee while working on their computers. Is tea or coffee more common in your country? Between the two, which do you like to drink more? 56．Where did tea drinking start? A．In Japan. B．In China. C．In Turkey. D．In the UK. 57．We can learn from Paragraph 2 that people in the UK ________. A．drink tea to get fat B．offer tea to say goodbye C．think of tea as a bad drink D．have tea to relax themselves 58．What is coffee made from? A．Leaves. B．Sugar. C．Dishes. D．Beans. 59．Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraph 3? A．Coffee came much earlier than tea. B．Many people drink coffee to wake up. C．Many people work on their computers in coffee shops. D．Some people meet and talk with friends in coffee shops. 60．What is the best title of the passage? A．The Smells of Tea and Coffee B．The Prices of Tea and Coffee C．The Different Cultures of Tea and Coffee D．The Different Ways of Making Tea and Coffee （2021·天津·中考真题）I’m Kevin, a student of Grade 9. Most of my friends walk to school, but I like to ride my bike each day. I wake up at 7:00. After I wash my face and eat breakfast, I throw the schoolbag on my back. Do I have my books and homework? Yes, I do. I take my bike, hop（跳）onto it and ride to school at 7: 30. “See you later. Mum,” I say. I pass my friends when I ride by. “Hi, Kevin!” they call when I pass. Mary does not want to ride with me. She does not like to wear a schoolbag. She likes to carry her books in her arms when she walks. She likes to kick the autumn leaves. But she likes to look at the flowers the best. Not me! I like to ride my bike to feel the fresh air in my face. When I get to school, I lock my bike in the bicycle park. I walk across the field to say hi to Mr Brown and wait for my friends in our classroom. 61．What grade is Kevin in? A．Grade 6. B．Grade 7. C．Grade 8. D．Grade 9. 62．What time does Kevin ride to school? A．At 6:30. B．At 7:00. C．At 7:30. D．At 8:00. 63．On her way to school, Mary likes to ________ the best. A．ride with Kevin B．look at the flowers C．wear a schoolbag D．kick the autumn leaves 64．Why does Kevin like to ride a bike? A．To take his mum with him. B．To meet his grandpa. C．To feel the fresh air in his face. D．To show he is brave. 65．Where does Kevin wait for his friends? A．At home. B．In the field. C．At the school gate. D．In the classroom. （2021·天津·中考真题）When the days grew long in the middle of summer, Lisa liked to go to the park and watch the clouds. One day, Lisa saw a cloud that looked like a standing dragon. After a few minutes it became a flying dragon. Then it seemed to change direction. Another cloud moved in to mix with it, and the dragon changed into a dancing elephant. Then it became a sitting dog then a barking（吠、叫）dog, and then a tiger. “This is better than TV!” Lisa shouted. Mr Thomas, the music teacher at Lisa’s school, was flying a kite with his son in the park. He heard Lisa’s voice. He gave the kite string（线）to his son and came to Lisa. “Hi, Mr Thomas!” Lisa said. “Look at those clouds. They keep changing! First they looked like a dragon, then an elephant, then a dog, and now a tiger!” Mr Thomas looked up. “A tiger?” he said. “That looks like a horse to me. It’s running towards the sun, That’s so lively.” Lisa looked again. He was right! “How do clouds know how to make so many shapes?” The clouds don’t know how to make shapes. Your imagination（想象力）helps you see those shapes in the clouds, “Mr Thomas answered as the horse changed into a chicken.” 66．What did Lisa like to do in the park in the middle of summer? A．Train her dog. B．Watch the clouds. C．Feed animals. D．Read books. 67．Lisa found that “a barking dog” in the clouds changed into “________”. A．a dragon B．an elephant C．a tiger D．a giraffe 68．What was Mr Thomas doing in the park when Lisa shouted? A．Studying plants. B．Flying a kite C．Having music lessons. D．Playing tennis. 69．What did Mr Thomas think of the running horse in the clouds? A．It was strong. B．It was shy. C．It was noisy. D．It was lively. 70．According to Mr Thomas, what helped Lisa see different shapes in the clouds? A．Tradition. B．Silence. C．Imagination. D．Environment. （2021·天津·中考真题）There are many deserts (沙漠) on the earth. And the following are some facts you may find interesting. What are deserts like? Deserts can be hot and dry places. Rain may not fall there for months or years. Some deserts are sandy and stony (多石的). Deserts can also be very windy places. The wind can change the shape of the deserts. It moves sand around from place to place. Temperatures in the desert can vary enormously(非常). During the daytime, the temperature may reach 40℃ even in the shade (阴凉处). At night, deserts can become very cold. In winter there may even be a frost (霜冻) in the early morning. Living in the desert The camel is sometimes called “the ship of the desert”. It stores food in its hump (驼峰) and can go for days without water. It has large feet which help it not to fall into the soft sand. Its long eyelashes (睫毛) keep out the sand during sandstorms. An oasis is an area of the desert where water may be found. The water may be in pools or under the ground. People and animals visit an oasis for water and food. Plants grow at an oasis. Some farmers are able to grow crops here. The Arabian Desert The Arabian Desert lies between the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf. In some parts of the desert, it is too hot for people to live. Oil was discovered under parts of the desert and in the Arabian Gulf. This oil has made some countries in the area very rich. Much of the money has been spent building fine cities with lovely parks and lakes, and people live a comfortable life there. 71．Which of the following can best describe deserts? A．Hot and dry. B．Sandy and rainy. C．Wet and stony. D．Windy and snowy. 72．The word “vary” in the passage means “________”. A．be low B．be high C．be similar D．be different 73．The camel has long eyelashes to ________. A．stay cool in deserts B．go for days without water C．help it not to fall into the soft sand D．keep out the sand during sandstorms 74．According to the passage, people and animals visit an oasis for ________. A．frost and crops B．sand and stones C．water and food D．money and oil 75．What is the best title of the passage? A．What is the weather like in deserts? B．What do you know about deserts? C．How do people live in deserts? D．Where is the Arabian Desert? 核心精讲 考向一 ：阅读理解选材题材广泛、体裁多样 1. 天津中考阅读理解选材题材广泛、体裁多样，涵盖记叙文、说明文和应用文三大类。 整体难度适中，但区分度明显。A篇记叙文难度较低，B/C篇说明文、议论文难度中等，部分推理判断题和主旨大意题有较强迷惑性，是拉开分数差距的关键。 2. 考点相对固定，整体难度适中。 1.细节理解题：占比较大，要求考生从文中找到具体的信息和对文章细节的准确理解和数据的准确把握，如人物的行为、事件的时间地点等。 2.主旨大意题：考查对整篇文章核心内容的概括和总结，要求考生概括文章的主要内容和核心观点。 3.推理判断题：需要考生基于文章提供的信息进行合理的推断和猜测。 4. 词义猜测题：通过上下文推测生词或短语的含义。 考向二：命题特点 特点一：语篇选材——贴近生活，紧跟热点 天津中考阅读理解选材具有鲜明的时代性和教育性，题材广泛、体裁多样。 题材特点：涵盖科普知识、社会热点、文化习俗、生活感悟四大类。如灯笼鱼为什么会发光、树木医生如何工作、维他命D的作用等科普内容；儿童使用社交媒体的家长监控问题、垃圾分类与环保等社会热点；中外节日、传统故事等文化习俗；成长经历、亲情友情等生活感悟。 体裁分布：记叙文、说明文、应用文三类文体，A篇通常为记叙文，讲述人物经历、成长故事，难度较低；B/C篇多为说明文或应用文，涉及科普、社会现象、海报、邮件等。 时代气息：选材时代感强，贴近现代生活，语言地道鲜活。2025年试题更加注重引导学生关注社会、思考人生。 特点二：考点设置——均匀分布，层层递进 每篇文章的考点设置遵循“由浅入深”的原则，四种题型比例稳定。 细节理解题占比最大，考查信息提取能力； 推理判断题考查逻辑思维能力； 主旨大意题考查概括归纳能力； 词义猜测题考查语境理解能力； 题目顺序通常与文章内容顺序一致，前几题为细节理解题帮助考生建立信心，中间穿插词义猜测和推理判断题，最后一题往往是主旨大意题。 特点三：能力考查——素养立意，思维导向 高阶思维要求：除了传统的细节查找、推理判断、主旨大意归纳外，更加注重对学生高阶思维能力的考查，如理解作者意图、观点态度，进行简单的逻辑推断，以及对语篇结构和修辞手法的初步感知。部分题目设置了开放性问题，要求学生基于文本信息进行归纳和表达。 能力维度： 信息提取能力：从文中获取关键信息（细节理解题） 逻辑推理能力：根据文中线索进行合理推断（推理判断题） 概括归纳能力：把握文章整体结构和主旨（主旨大意题） 语境理解能力：通过上下文猜测生词含义（词义猜测题） 特点四：记叙文为主，故事性强 近五年天津中考阅读理解A篇100%为记叙文，这是最显著的命题规律。 主题特点：涵盖人物经历、成长故事、亲情友情等丰富多样的主题，贴近学生的生活和认知水平。这类文章故事完整、情节清晰，开头交代背景，中间展开情节，结尾升华主题。 设题特点：记叙文的命题顺序一般会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进。一半以上的题目用来检测考生对故事的了解，必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络。细节题是记叙文命题的主流题型，而寓意之类的题则是拉开距离的高层次题。 特点五：选项干扰有据，陷阱分明 阅读理解干扰项的设计非常有讲究，通常设置以下几种陷阱： 1. 偷换概念：选项中的信息与原文相似，但关键细节被替换。如原文说“some”，选项说“all”；原文说“often”，选项说“always”。 2. 范围偏差：扩大或缩小原文的范围。如原文限定在某个特定条件下，选项却去掉条件。 3. 无中生有：原文没有提及的信息。选项本身合理，但在文中找不到依据。 4. 答非所问：选项本身正确，但不符合题干要求——学生最容易掉入的陷阱。 5. 过度推断：超出原文信息范围的推断。 6. 语法正确，语境不符：选项本身语法无误，但代入后与上下文逻辑矛盾。 命题预测 二、2025年天津市中考模拟 （2025·天津河北·一模）Fiona was a very popular girl at school. From an early age, she tried to be kind and friendly to everyone. She invited the whole class to her birthday party and sometimes gave presents to everybody. However, everything changed on International Day of Friendship. On that day, everyone had to make three presents to give to their three best friends. Fiona enjoyed the task of choosing three from her classmates. But when all the presents were made and shared out, she was the only one that didn’t receive a present! Fiona felt terrible, crying for hours. Everyone came to comfort her, but each stayed only a short time before leaving—just as she did to others so many times. She realized she was a good companion (伙伴), but she wasn’t a true friend to anyone. Although she tried to be close to everyone, she found that wasn’t enough to create true friendships. That night, Fiona told her mother about everything. Her mother said, “My dear, you cannot buy friends with a smile or a few good words. If you want true friends, you must give them time and real care.” Hearing this, Fiona decided to change her ways to have some true friends. As she lay in bed that night, she thought about how to achieve this. She thought about her mother, who was always ready to help her, put up with her bad behaviour, encouraged her and loved her deeply. That was what made a true friend! Fiona smiled happily, realizing she already had the best friend anyone could ever want. 1．Which shows the right changes of Fiona’s feelings during the gift exchange? A．Happy→sad→surprised. B．Happy→surprised→sad. C．Surprised→worried→angry. D．Surprised→hopeful→excited. 2．How did the students comfort Fiona? A．They called her mother. B．They gave her their presents. C．They spent a little time with her. D．They walked her home together. 3．What can we learn from Paragraph 3 about Fiona? A．She didn’t do well in school. B．Nobody at school liked her at all. C．She was too busy to develop true friendships. D．She realized she wasn’t making friends the right way. 4．From Fiona’s mother’s words, we can know the mother is a _________ person. A．loving B．strict C．brave D．humorous 5．What lesson does the passage mainly teach us? A．Parents are a child’s first teachers. B．Kind words are the music of the world. C．A strong friendship really needs time and care. D．Close neighbours are better than distant relatives. （2025·天津河西·一模）The three most wonderful train journeys provide the natural beauty of our motherland. Read on to see which line you want to start your journey with. Xining to Lhasa Length: around 1,900 km long    Price: 781 yuan for a soft sleeper The railway line is popular with travellers who want to visit Tibet. It is the longest high altitude (海拔) train trip in the world and is named as “the way to the sky”. Most of the line is over 4,000 meters. You can see Qinghai Lake outside the train’s windows. Chengdu to Kunming Length: around 1,100 km long    Price: 487.5 yuan for a second class The railway line has been in service since July 1970. From Chengdu, with an altitude of 400 meters or so, the train goes up to about 2,000 meters across mountains. This line is called Geological Museum (地质博物馆) because of the special geography along the railway line. Lhasa to Rikaze Length: around 250 km long    Price: 64 yuan for a soft seat This railway line connects to the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and has an altitude of above 3, 600 meters. It makes Tibet travel easier for travellers, especially those who want to see Mount Qomolangma, the highest mountain in the world. 6．Why is Xining to Lhasa Railway called “the way to the sky”? A．Because most of it is over 4, 000 meters. B．Because it gives travellers a feeling of flying. C．Because there are many high mountains along it. D．Because You can see Qinghai Lake outside the train’s windows. 7．How much should Mr. Green and his wife pay for their second-class tickets when they are planning a train trip from Chengdu to Kunming? A．781 yuan B．975 yuan C．551.5 yuan D．487.5 yuan 8．What can we know about Chengdu to Kunming Railway? A．It is about 2,000 kilometers long. B．It has been in service for 70 years. C．The price is 487.5 yuan for a first class. D．The geography along the line is special. 9．The railway from Lhasa to Rikaze makes it easier for travellers to see ________. A．Mount Qomolangma B．Geological Museum C．Qinghai Lake D．The way to the sky 10．Which of the following is true about the three wonderful railway lines? A．They go across Tibet all the way. B．They run from the east to the west of China. C．They take us to enjoy the beauty of our motherland D．They were built at the same time. （2025·天津南开·一模）April 13 is the Water-Splashing Festival for Dai ethnic group (傣族) in Yunnan. It usually goes on for three to seven days. In the festival, men and women, old and young, all dressed in beautiful clothes, singing, dancing and splashing water on each other. In their eyes water is the origin (起源) of life. And it can also wash away bad luck and bring happiness and health to people. So the more water one person gets, the more luck he or she will have, and the happier he or she will be. There are other interesting activities on that day. The Dai people also have dragon-boat races and peacock (孔雀) dances on this festival. So if you travel to Yunnan during this time, come and join them together! 11．When does the Water-Splashing Festival begin? A．April 12. B．April 13. C．April 14. D．April 15. 12．Who celebrates the Water-Splashing Festival? A．Old people. B．Men and women. C．Young people D．The Dai people. 13．What does the water mean in the eyes of the Dai people? A．It is the origin of life and can bring bad luck. B．It can wash away happiness and bring bad luck. C．It is the origin of life and can wash away bad luck. D．It can only bring health but not happiness. 14．Which of the following activities is NOT mentioned during the festival? A．Having a big dinner. B．Singing and dancing. C．Dragon-boat races. D．Peacock dances. 15．What is the passage about? A．The Dai ethnic group. B．People’s life in Yunnan C．The importance of water. D．The Water-Splashing Festival. （2024·吉林·中考真题） Technologies Making School Life “SMART” E-booksIn the future, students may only bring e-books to school. In fact, some schools are already doing this. E-books can store notes and students feel relaxed with lighter schoolbags. Robot teachersThere are robot teachers in the schools in some cities. These robots can help students with their studies. They can also help them solve problems. E-skatesWith a pair of e-skates, you can walk to school faster! E-skates can be tied to your shoes easily. And there are four speed settings you can choose. Flying aidsIf students get hurt and need help at schools, drones (无人机) can be of great use. They can offer help faster than people and they can also carry medicine or clothes. 根据以上内容，选择正确答案。 16．How many technologies are mentioned in the passage? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 17．How do students feel with lighter schoolbags? A．Worried. B．Relaxed. C．Bored. D．Surprised. 18．Who can help students with their studies according to the passage? A．The robot teachers. B．The parents. C．The workers. D．The friends. 19．Which is the best choice if you want to walk to school faster? A．Flying aids. B．Clothes. C．E-skates. D．Schoolbags. 20．Where does the passage probably come from? A．A travel magazine. B．A movie magazine. C．A technology magazine. D．A music magazine. （2025·天津滨海新·一模）Bo was born in Alaska, but he lives with us in Minnesota now. I take Bo for walks in the morning and afternoon. During every walk, I usually end up shouting, “Slow down, Bo!” When Bo was in Alaska, he liked to pull sleds (雪橇) and run fast. He worked with a team of other dogs to pull a sled over snow and ice. Bo was very fast and strong, and his team won several dog-sled races. Many people enjoyed cheering for Bo to run. Whenever we go on walks, Bo starts out running. He suddenly pulls me down the sidewalk and pulls me around the park. I’m a little angry but I have to dig my feet into the ground and pull Bo back with a hard pull. This is the only way Bo will stop. I have to wait for him to calm down before we start walking again. Some people think it is funny when they see Bo trying to race instead of walking with me. “Go, Bo! Go!” they shout and laugh. “No, Bo! Oh please, no!” I shout. I don’t think it is very funny because it feels like Bo is likely to pull my arms off. Mom says Bo will learn how to walk slowly and try not to run everywhere one day. I hope he’s a fast learner. 21．What did Bo do in Alaska? A．He raced against other people. B．He pulled sleds over snow and ice. C．He helped people dig in the snow. D．He taught people how to walk slowly. 22．Why does Bo sometimes make the writer unhappy? A．Because he is very calm. B．Because he never listens to her. C．Because he runs too fast during walks. D．Because he isn’t a good racing dog. 23．How does the writer make Bo stop during walks? A．She shouts at him loudly. B．She pulls him back hard. C．She waits for him to calm down. D．She asks other people for help. 24．What does the writer hope about Bo? A．She hopes he will run faster. B．She hopes he will win more races. C．She hopes he will learn to walk slowly. D．She hopes he will move back to Alaska. 25．The best title for this passage is ________. A．Cheer up! Bo! B．Go, Bo! Go! C．Be quiet, Bo! D．Slow Down, Bo! （2025·天津和平·二模）Watch out! The flower of the devil (恶魔) is spreading in China. Many places in China see the spreading of the Canada goldenrod (一枝黄花). It’s a bright yellow flower from North America. The flower is beautiful, but it is hurting China’s environment. According to the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the flower first came to China in 1935 as an ornamental plant (观赏植物). In the 1980s, it started to spread to many places. In 2010, China named it as an alien invasive species (外来入侵物种). As an invasive species, there are few plants and animals to stop it. So, it spreads very fast and causes other plants around it to die. Chinese people call it “the flower of the devil”. It is now mostly spreading in Jiangsu, Hubei, Henan and Zhejiang provinces. If you see this flower on the street, please call 12345 to report it. Then, experts will come to kill it. Let’s look after our environment together! 26．According to the passage, we know that the Canada goldenrod is ______ . A．the national flower of Canada B．spreading from China to North America C．beautiful with a bright yellow color D．hurting Canada’s environment 27．When did it first come to China? A．In 1935. B．In the 1980s. C．In 2010. D．Last year. 28．What might the word “causes” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．helps something grow B．makes something beautiful C．makes something happen D．looks after something 29．Why is the flower called “the flower of the devil”? A．Because it can eat other plants. B．Because it hurts China’s environment. C．Because it grows only in a few provinces. D．Because it can even grow on the street. 30．The writer wrote this passage to tell us that ______ . A．many flowers in China come from other countries B．we can help the environment get better with flowers C．it is not easy to grow plants in some provinces D．we should stop the spread of the Canada goldenrod in China （2024·山东滨州·中考真题）As a country powerful in math, China has many folk games full of math wisdom (智慧). You may play many of them before. Let’s take a look at three of them. Chinese nine linked rings puzzleIt’s believed that the nine linked rings puzzle was created in the Western Han Dynasty. And it is usually made up of nine rings connected to a handle (手柄). Players have to remove (移除) all the rings from the handle to win the game. This is not a simple game. The solution takes 341 moves, so lots of patience is required. But if you learn to solve it, it’s hard to forget. TangramFirst popular in the Ming and Qing dynasties, the tangram is a puzzle made up of seven pieces of different shapes. For each puzzle, players need to use all the pieces to make a shape. To do it, they have to know about geometry (几何学). In the 18th century, the tangram was brought to the West and soon became popular there. Luban lockThe Luban lock was first created by Lu Ban 2,000 years ago. The lock has a lot to do with solid geometry (立体几何). It’s hard to separate the six pieces. However, it is usually easier to unlock a Luban lock than to put it back together. Now, there are Luban locks made up of nine or more pieces. 31．Which of the following subjects do the three folk games have to do with? A．English. B．Music. C．Math. D．Chemistry. 32．_________ is first popular in the Ming and Qing dynasties. A．Tangram B．Luban lock C．Chinese nine linked rings puzzle D．Nine-square Grid 33．From the passage we can learn that _________. A．there are Luban locks made up of only six pieces now B．the tangram was brought to the West in the 19th century C．it is usually more difficult to unlock a Luban lock than to put it back together D．players have to remove nine rings from the handle to win the nine linked rings puzzle 34．Where can you probably read the passage? A．In a story book. B．In a science book. C．In a travel magazine. D．In a sports magazine. 35．The writer wrote the passage mainly to _________. A．explain the ways to learn math B．share his skills of playing folk games C．tell us the importance of learning math well D．introduce folk games with math wisdom in China （2025·天津南开·二模）Everyone has unhappy days. But it’s hard to deal with these kinds of days when you’re just a kid. Delton Myers, a 10-year-old boy, from Columbia, the USA, wrote and published a book to help kids deal with depression (抑郁). Myers is going on a book tour across the country this month. His book is called The Invisible Injury (《隐形的创伤》). It’s about a little girl named Peggie. She feels quite depressed. At first, she doesn’t want to tell others about her sadness. But later, she opens her heart to her parents and friends. Parents often tell kids to keep to themselves, especially in hard times. However, Myers wants to let kids know that it’s okay to talk about their feelings and ask for help. He got the inspiration (灵感) to write his book from his own life experience. When he realized that he was depressed, he found it was helpful to talk about it with his mother and work his way through it. 36．Delton Myers is ________. A．a 10-year-old boy B．feeling sad C．playing with friends D．from Britain 37．Myers’ book teaches kids how to ________. A．see clearly B．deal with depression C．talk to strangers D．study hard 38．Peggie is ________. A．a little girl in Myers’ book B．Myers’ best friend C．the writer of the book D．always in peace 39．What do we know about the book The Invisible Injury? A．Myers made lots of money from it. B．Myers’ parents helped him write it. C．Myers wrote it according to his life experience. D．It is a popular book all over the world. 40．How did Myers deal with depression according to the passage? A．He kept it as a secret. B．He talked about it with his mother. C．He found that reading books was helpful. D．He shared his feelings through writing. （2024·福建·中考真题） Once upon a time, there was a little boy. His parents were poor farmers. They couldn’t pay for a worker, so the boy had to help. He worked hard. Every day, he had a one-hour rest at sunset (日落). He used that time to climb to the top of a hill. There, he could see a house on another hill. It had golden windows. They were really bright and shone like diamonds (钻石). One day, the boy’s father said to him, “You worked really hard, so you can take a day off. Try to learn something good.” The boy thanked his father. Then, he left home and walked to the far hill. He came to the house and knocked on the door, and a girl answered. He told her about the golden windows. The girl shook her head and said, “Poor farmers like us only have glass windows. Look there! That’s the house with the golden windows.” She pointed at something far away. When the boy looked, he saw his own house. He then thanked the girl and rushed home. Inside, he saw his family and smiled. He told them about his excellent day. He also said, “I learned a great lesson—our house has golden windows.” 41．What do we know about the little boy? A．He was quite lazy. B．He was very rich. C．He was a son of poor farmers. D．He was a son of a worker. 42．What did the boy do when he had a one-hour rest? A．He rested at home. B．He built a house. C．He helped his parents. D．He climbed to the top of a hill. 43．The boy took a day off because he ________. A．worked hard B．wanted to play C．found a diamond D．needed to visit the girl 44．What did the girl point at? A．The windows made of gold. B．The windows made of diamond. C．The windows of the girl’s house. D．The windows of the boy’s house. 45．How did the boy feel when he got home? A．Happy. B．Lonely. C．Surprised. D．Strange. （2025·天津和平·三模）In the hallway of Lincoln High School, four students——Emily, Alex, Liam, and Sophia, are talking and laughing happily. They are good friends with completely different characters. Almost every friend group has a parent. Emily is certainly the most responsible one among her friends. When they hang out with Emily, they don’t need to worry about anything. She always has plans and makes sure things go well. And if someone wants to find a person to talk to, Emily is always there to listen to them. If someone needs advice, Emily is the first person they go to. Alex, however, is a quiet but smart boy. He doesn’t talk much and he usually spends most of his free time reading in the school library, so he does well in exams. When his friends have some difficult problems in study, Alex is often ready to help them out. Students are all surprised at his intellect and great problem-solving skills. Liam is a born leader. He is cheerful and outgoing. He joins all kinds of clubs at school, including the music and the art clubs. At the same time, Liam likes to take part in outdoor activities. He often organizes school trips, cycling races and other interesting games. All the students would like to play with him. This makes Liam a popular star at school. Sophia is friendly and kind-hearted. She does different volunteer work after school. On Monday and Friday, Sophia goes to the children’s hospital. On Wednesday, she visits dogs and cats in an animal shelter (收容所), bringing them food. At the weekend, she helps clean up the neighborhood and look after the old people. 46．What do we know about Emily? A．She is good at sports. B．She takes care of others. C．She hardly gives useful advice. D．She likes hanging out with friends. 47．The underlined word “intellect” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________. A．mind B．look C．dream D．progress 48．If Jack is interested in outdoor activities, he would turn to ________. A．Emily B．Alex C．Liam D．Sophia 49．How often does Sophia go to the children’s hospital? A．Once a week. B．Twice a month. C．Twice a week. D．Three times a month. 50．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To tell the story of four good friends. B．To teach readers the importance of being kind. C．To share students’ nice life in Lincoln High School. D．To introduce four students with different characters. （2025·天津南开·三模）In the US, someone often says to you “Give me five”. What should you do? Don’t give five dollars from your pocket! It will make others laugh! The person is not asking for your money, but your fingers. In the US, “Give me five” or “Give me high five” is a hot gesture (手势). You can see it in films or on TV. It means hitting each other’s hands together. People do it when they meet for the first time or some happy things happen. For example, a football team wins. Their players will give high fives to everyone around to celebrate. This gesture comes from ancient Rome. Someone raises the right arm for the king. This showed there wasn’t a sword (剑) in his hand. So why not try to give the high five to your friends? 51．You need to use your ______ to make the gesture “Give me five”. A．legs B．mouth C．heads D．hands 52．When ______, you may give high fives. A．you lose money B．you meet someone for the first time C．you start your lessons D．you meet difficulties 53．Why do people make the gesture “Give me five”? A．To make people laugh. B．To ask for money. C．To celebrate the winning. D．To ask for help. 54．Where is the gesture from according to the passage? A．Ancient Rome. B．America. C．China. D．Japan. 55．Why did the Romans raise their right arms for the king? A．They were afraid of the king. B．They were happy to see the king. C．They wanted to give the king a welcome. D．They showed the king there were no swords in their hands. （2025·天津南开·三模）Where will people live in the future? Will people work and live in the sea? And how will people go to work then? By submarine (潜水艇)？ Some scientists think that some day there will be many submarines like cars. A famous French scientist says, “One day, people will work on the ocean floor (海底) as they do on the street!” If people want to live in the sea, they have to solve a lot of problems, like those of living on the moon, such as lack of oxygen (缺氧) and weightlessness. Many problems are hard to solve. For example, what will happen to our bodies if we live in the sea for a very long time? Scientists are looking for answers. Maybe in the future, people will be able to live in the sea, away from the noisy cities on land. They will find it fun and interesting to live in the sea. And life in the sea is more comfortable. Don’t you think so? 56．Maybe people in the future will ______ to work on the ocean floor. A．drive a car B．take a bus C．take a submarine D．swim 57．What problem will people have if they live in the sea? A．They will feel cold. B．They will feel tired. C．They will become quite heavy. D．They will not have enough oxygen. 58．The writer thinks it is ______ to live in the sea. A．comfortable B．bad C．easy D．noisy 59．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．People may be weightless in the sea. B．The sea is noisy for people to live in. C．Submarines will be popular in the future. D．People cannot live in the sea at present. 60．What’s the best title of the passage? A．Living in the Sea B．Living in Submarines C．Living on Land D．Living on the Moon （2025·天津和平·三模）Francisco Lufinha successfully completed a 6,700-kilometer crossing of the Atlantic Ocean on a small boat. His boat was powered only by the sun and wind. He used kites to move the boat and solar power to support lights and other equipment (设备) on the boat. Lufinha set out from Portugal on November 3rd, 2021. The man was not at sea for all that time, however. Five days after he began his trip, Lufinha made a planned stop at the Canary Islands, where he repaired the kite and made some small adjustments (调整) to the boat. Lufinha had to stay longer than planned because of strong winds. He remained there until November 30th. On December 20th of the same year, Lufinha reached the island of Martinique and completed his trip. The man hoped his trip would earn him a place in the Guinness World Records. He also hoped his trip would help people understand the need to protect the ocean. Lufinha made the crossing completely alone in a 7.2-meter-long and 5.6-meter-wide boat. This kind of boat has three long, thin parts, with a small room for sleeping. Lufinha used a hand pump (手动泵) to produce water for drinking and cooking. The pump has a special tool to remove salt from the sea water. “It was a big test for me. I learned a lot. I learned most of all to look at my problems in a different way. I had so many problems all of the time, like kites getting broken. And the only way not to get beat was to think ‘it could be worse’,” Lufinha said. “This way of thinking helped me to get through the difficult crossing hour by hour, day by day, week by week until I reached the destination.” 61．When did Lufinha land on the Canary Islands? A．On November 3rd. B．On November 8th. C．On November 30th. D．On December 20th. 62．Why did Lufinha stay longer on the Canary Islands than planned? A．He met with bad weather conditions. B．He wanted to set a record there. C．He had run out of food and water. D．There was something wrong with his boat. 63．One of the purposes of Lufinha’s journey was ________. A．to become world-famous B．to call for ocean protection C．to test a new kind of kite boat D．to hold his Guinness World Record 64．What does the underlined word “remove” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Get. B．Stop. C．Keep…away. D．Take…away. 65．What can we infer from Lufinha’s words? A．He encouraged people to explore the Atlantic Ocean. B．He was good at solving different problems. C．The trip was a great learning experience. D．The trip won him a lot of attention. （2024·广东深圳·中考真题）After a 10-year project to count tuna and other large fish in the world's oceans, scientists have made a very surprising discovery: these fish are almost gone. Because of too much fishing, almost 90 percent of the worldwide population of large fish—the ones we usually eat—has disappeared. If we don’t act, these animals will totally disappear. That will influence every animal in the ocean. The demand for fish is growing. Almost a billion people around the world get their protein (蛋白质) mostly from fish. Doctors praise seafood for being low in fat. But what seems like a healthy choice for humans is causing a disaster to our oceans. “People are consuming (消费) too much,” says Lance Morgan, a scientist at the Marine Conservation Biology Institute. A dish of tuna in restaurants costs more than just one animal's life. When fish like tuna disappear from the ecosystem (生态系统), the ocean’s food chain (链) breaks down. Animals such as sharks, which normally eat tuna, may die because they find no food. The news may be scary, but taking action from now on can prevent harm that hasn’t happened yet. World organizations are ordering countries to stop fishing too much. The Monterey Bay Aquarium gives seafood choices to anyone hoping to keep healthy without destroying the environment. “If you care about wildlife, first spend time and think about your own values and beliefs,” says Morgan. “Then decide what you’re going to eat.” 66．How does the writer start the text? A．By giving a fact. B．By asking a question. C．By telling a story. D．By using a saying. 67．What does the underlined word “demand” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Wish. B．Support. C．Need. D．Price. 68．From Paragraph 3, we know that ________. A．if sharks die out, tuna will die out soon B．tuna will be more popular in restaurants C．tuna plays an important role in the ecosystem D．tuna disappeared because they found no food 69．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To tell people to stop polluting our oceans. B．To tell people to protect wildlife in oceans. C．To tell people to avoid eating too much seafood. D．To tell people to live a balanced and healthy life. 70．What does the last paragraph of the article explain ________. A．We need to care about wildlife B．We need to eat wild animals C．We need to reflect on our own values and beliefs D．We don’t want to protect wild animals （2025·天津南开·二模） During the Tang Dynasty (618—907), Emperor Taizong asked the prime minister Feng Deyi to find talented (有才能的) people. However, several months passed, Feng didn’t find anyone. “I tried my best, but there are not talented people at all,” Feng said. “People are like utensils (器物). What-we need to do is to make good use of their strengths. You should blame (责怪) yourself for not noticing talented people. How could you say that there are not talented people in our country?” said the emperor. It is true that each utensil has a specific (特定的) function. A knife is made to cut things while chopsticks are made to pick up food. We can’t use a knife as a chopstick. Like a utensil, each person has his or her strength. Nobody is perfect. We can’t expect a person to be good at everything. With this idea in mind, Emperor Taizong discovered many talented people of different backgrounds. He gave them important jobs, which helped them make the most of their talents. His talented people helped the society develop and created a “golden age”. 71．How long did Feng Deyi spend finding talented people? A．A few days. B．Several weeks. C．Several months. D．Over a year. 72．Why couldn’t Feng find any talented people? A．He did not like talented people. B．He was not pleased with the emperor. C．There were not talented people in the country. D．His standards for talented people were wrong. 73．Knives and chopsticks are compared to ________ according to the story. A．jobs B．people C．food D．strengths 74．Which of the following was Emperor Taizong’s idea about talented people? A．Each person has a particular strength. B．Talented people should be good at everything. C．Feng Deyi will never be a talented person. D．People of different backgrounds cannot be talented. 75．What does the story mainly want to tell us? A．Chances are always left for those who are ready. B．There are few talented people so it’s hard to find them. C．A good leader should use people’s abilities in the right way. D．The success of a society depends only on the abilities of its leader. （2025·天津河西·二模）One day, Confucius led his students to the State of Chu. When crossing through a large forest, they saw an old man standing under a tree catching cicadas (蝉) with a bamboo stick. Confucius said, “You are very good at catching cicadas. You must have some special skills.” “That’s right!” the old man answered. “Cicadas are clever little insects (昆虫). If they hear the noise of the leaves in the wind, they will fly away. So people who want to catch cicadas must train their hands to hold a bamboo stick without shaking. If you can place three small balls on top of the bamboo stick without falling off, you might be able to catch cicadas. When five small balls are placed on top without falling off, catching cicadas is as easy as picking a ball up from the ground.” He then added, “But that is not enough. People must be good at hiding themselves. Right now, I am standing under a tree like half of a tree, with my arm reaching out like part of a dry branch (树枝). Last but not least, one must be concentrated. When I am catching cicadas, I only watch the cicadas’ wings. No matter what happens, I will focus on (专注于) the wings.” Hearing this, Confucius turned to his students and said, “No matter what you do, you can only succeed if you love what you are doing and pay enough attention to it. This is what this old man has taught us.” 76．How did the old man catch cicadas? A．by hand B．with a bamboo stick C．with small balls D．with a dry branch 77．How many special skills should people who want to catch cicadas be prepared? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 78．What does the underlined part “be concentrated” mean in paragraph1? A．专心 B．捕捉 C．继续 D．离开 79．What is the right order according to this story? a. They saw an old man catching cicadas.    b. The old man told them some special skills c. Confucius took his students to the State of Chu.    d. Confucius told his students something meaningful. A．a-b-c-d B．c-d-a-b C．c-a-b-d D．a-c-b-d 80．What does the writer mainly want to tell us? A．Whatever you do, you should have some special skills. B．Whatever you do, you should know what you are doing. C．Whatever you do, you can not succeed just by speaking. D．Whatever you do, you should pay enough attention to it. （2025·天津和平·二模）Whether you’re telling someone how to get to your house or guiding a stranger to a local museum, you should know how to give good directions. Giving directions, though, is harder than just telling someone how to get to a certain location. Let’s learn how to guide others better. First, instead of directing a person from beginning to end, think of it as directing him from landmark (地标) to landmark. And mention important and hard-to-miss landmarks. These will give the person an idea of the progress he’s making and also let the person know if he’s still on the path you advised him to take. If you can’t describe the route (路线) clearly in words, draw a map. A map allows the person to imagine where he’s going. You can also include details (细节), such as the location of landmarks, on your map. Also, the map can give the person something to hold on to so he won’t forget your directions. Although it might be convenient to give someone directions to your favorite shortcut (近路), it could do more harm than good. Instead, give the simplest directions. This will reduce the chance of the person getting lost. When considering the simplest route, choose ones with fewer turns, even if the person takes a bit longer, or pick routes where the person can stay on one road for a long time. Avoid suggesting routes you haven’t personally taken. Finally, don’t rush when giving directions. Take time to explain important details, such as possible dangers. If you don’t speak slowly or clearly, the person may miss an important piece of information. At the same time, avoid using words, phrases, or names that only locals know. Any example you use should be recognizable (可辨认的) to someone from outside your community. 81．John must mention ______ when using landmarks to guide others. A．the color of each landmark B．the time of arrival at the place C．the main landmarks along the way D．the distance between each landmark 82．What kind of route should you suggest according to Paragraph 4? A．The simplest one. B．The shortest one. C．The one you like best. D．The one with more turns. 83．Why shouldn’t you rush while providing directions? A．It’s not polite to do that. B．It is dangerous to do that. C．You must explain every detail. D．That can lead to unclear directions. 84．Which of the following should not be used when you guide a stranger? A．Drive north on Renmin Road. B．Turn right after Joe’s old house. C．Turn left at the first traffic light. D．Go straight until you see a McDonald’s. 85．In which part of a magazine can we probably read the passage? A．Travel. B．Health. C．Culture. D．Education. （2025·天津滨海新·一模）Robots are already a part of daily life. Factories use robots to make products. Robot servers can take food orders in restaurants. Future robots will be able to do even more. Scientists are working on many kinds of helper robots for people to use in hospitals and in their homes. Some robots can move and talk like people. These provide fun times for people. But robots can teach valuable lessons, too. They can guide a person’s movements to help them overcome physical difficulties. They can help that person learn important body movements. Some people have difficulties with social (社交的) skills. Robots can help them practise. People need special care as they get older. Fewer people are having children, and humans are living longer. So the number of old people who need help is growing. Robots are especially good for the old. They can help them get out of bed, make food, and clean the house. They can even be with an old person, like reminding them to take medicine, helping them exercise, or just chatting with them. These helper robots are not very common yet. But they will be someday. Exciting technological improvements are happening quickly. In the future, these helper robots might make our lives easier. 86．Which tasks do robots do in factories? A．They make products. B．They clean the house. C．They take food order. D．They help people exercise. 87．The underlined word “overcome” means ________ in the second paragraph. A．deal with B．live with C．sleep with D．share with 88．What can robots help people do if they have difficulty making friends? A．Make delicious food. B．Clean the house. C．Practise social skills. D．Move like people. 89．Which of the following is NOT mentioned about robots helping old people? A．They can chat with them. B．They can help them create a new family. C．They can help them get out of bed. D．They can remind them to take medicine. 90．What can we infer (推断) about helper robots in the future? A．They will disappear soon. B．They will only work in factories. C．They will replace all human jobs. D．They will become more common. （2024·吉林·中考真题）When I was a little boy, I lived next to David. He liked to plant trees in his large yard on weekends. But the way he planted trees was quite different. He never watered his new trees. I asked him why he did so, and he said that watering trees would spoil them. “If you water the trees, each baby tree will grow weaker and weaker.” said David. He told me that watering these new trees would make roots (树根) shallow (浅), but deep roots were very important for trees. I didn’t understand his words at that time. Several years after I left home, I came back to visit my parents. When I walked by David’s house, I saw the trees that he planted. They are strong now. I suddenly realize that planting a tree is like raising a child. As a father of two children, I shouldn’t care for them too much. Instead, they should depend on themselves. In that case, whatever happens, they can make their own decisions. 根据短文内容，选择正确答案。 91．When did David like to plant trees? A．On weekends. B．On Fridays. C．On sunny mornings. D．On rainy days. 92．What does the underlined word “spoil” probably mean in Paragraph 1? A．be bad for B．be famous for C．be similar to D．be thankful to 93．Why didn’t David water his new trees? A．Because he didn’t have enough water. B．Because he was too old to water trees. C．Because he wanted to make roots deep. D．Because he didn’t know how to water trees. 94．How are the trees that David planted now? A．Dead. B．Strong. C．Small. D．Weak. 95．What does the writer learn from his experience? A．Children should plant trees. B．Parents should water trees all the time. C．Children should depend on themselves. D．Parents should care for their kids too much. （2025·天津南开·一模）Joe lived alone in a small village after his wife’s death. The only fun times he had were when his grandchildren visited him during the holidays. Once, he cleaned the whole house to welcome his grandchildren. While he was cleaning the barn (谷仓), he lost his watch. It was a gift from his wife. When his grandchildren came, they found that their grandfather was very sad. They asked him what was wrong. Joe told them that he couldn’t find his watch. The children wanted to help him. They asked Joe when he had last seen his watch. Joe remembered that the last time he saw it. He was about to clean the barn. The children searched for two hours but couldn’t find anything. Then, one of the children asked the others to leave and said he would look for the watch by himself. Minutes later, the child brought the watch back. Joe and other children wanted to know how he did it. The boy said, “I sat in the barn quietly. After a few minutes, I heard a ‘tick-tick’ sound and found the watch.” Joe hugged the little boy and thanked him. That is the power of silence. If we stay quiet, we can find solutions (解决办法) more easily. 96．Joe felt happy when ________. A．he lived alone B．his daughter came to visit him C．he finished cleaning the house D．his grandchildren visited him 97．Where was Joe’s watch from? A．From his wife. B．From his son. C．From his parents. D．From his grandparents. 98．Joe thought he lost his watch in ________. A．the kitchen B．the barn C．the field D．the bathroom 99．How long did the children search for the watch? A．One hour. B．Two hours. C．A day. D．Minutes later. 100．How did one of the children find the watch? A．He searched the whole house. B．He asked for help from his grandfather. C．He kept quiet and heard the watch ticking. D．He cleaned the barn on his own. （2025·天津河西·一模）Ma Jiajun, a middle school student from Jilin City, set a new world record for “the most consecutive triple jump rope (连续三摇跳绳)” with 701 times. The earlier world record was 423 times. Ma Jiajun has been practising jump rope since the third grade of primary school. His father just wanted him to keep fit at first. However, the PE teacher found his talent (天赋) and advised him to try professional (专业的) training. In the second year of middle school, Ma Jiajun joined a club and started professional training. In 2019, Ma Jiajun won the first national championship (冠军) in his life. Xu Tianhai, Ma Jiajun’s coach, found that he was better at triple jump rope. So Ma Jiajun made it as a main event. When preparing to break the world record, Ma Jiajun trained 8 hours a day. “Your efforts will be paid off!” his coach often encouraged him in this way. In 2021, Ma Jiajun broke the world record. He said “When I jumped rope more than 500 times, I was too tired, but my willpower (意志力) helped me finish the last 200 times. After finishing it, he lay on the ground.” Right now, he is preparing for more competitions. A lot of teenagers think of Ma Jiajun as a role model and have joined the jump rope team. 101．How many times was Ma Jiajun’s new world record more than the earlier one? A．278. B．200. C．300. D．423. 102．Why did Ma Jiajun’s father ask his son to jump rope in the beginning? A．Because he followed the PE teacher’s advice. B．Because he found his son’s talent early. C．Because he expected his son to break the record. D．Because he wanted his son to keep healthy. 103．What can we know from the third paragraph? A．Ma Jiajun won three championships in his life. B．Ma Jiajun once wanted to give up jump rope. C．Ma Jiajun trained hard for breaking the record. D．Ma Jiajun was often laughed at during the daily training. 104．What played a big role in Ma Jiajun’s finishing the last 200 times? A．His great skill. B．His strong mind. C．His father’s support. D．His coach’s encouragement. 105．Which of the following about Ma Jiajun is TRUE according to the passage? A．He is a primary school student from Beijing. B．He set a new world record for the triple jump rope with 423 times. C．In 2021, he won the first national championship in his life. D．In the second year of middle school, he started professional training. （2025·天津河北·一模）I have learned English since I was 10 years old. Everything I was taught at school was about tenses (时态) and other complex grammar. Every day, my teacher asked us to copy new words 10 times. I got fed up with memorizing vocabulary and grammar rules. Gradually, learning English became something I disliked. When I was in 10th grade, my parents bought me a computer. From then on, it became my best helper. I could learn whatever I wanted. I began to listen to music and watch TV shows. The first TV show that I watched was Hannah Montana. It was very funny, and I picked up quite a lot of vocabulary from it, which was an unforgettable learning experience. It was also when I fell in love with the language. I remember back then, I also downloaded a lot of English songs and listened to them every day. Besides, I discovered many websites where people from all over the world exchanged cultures with each other. I made a lot of foreign friends there, and we talked about everything in life. At first, I thought the only reason people learned English was that they wanted to communicate with each other. Not until I immersed (沉浸) myself in the language did I realize that the language itself was the best way to create a strong connection between me and the endless knowledge of the world. I can see a huge improvement in my English skills. Thanks to English, I have learned much more about the world around me. The journey towards language fluency (流利) is not always easy, and I still have a long way to go. I won’t, however, give up on it. I prefer the journey that I’ve been through to the destination ahead. If you don’t know where you are, if you’re not sure what to do next, just do whatever you love. 106．What does the underlined part “got fed up with” probably mean? A．Was good at. B．Was bored of. C．Was interested in. D．Was ashamed at. 107．When did the author begin to enjoy learning English? A．When she got a good teacher. B．When she joined an English club. C．When she found interesting English materials. D．When she traveled to English-speaking countries. 108．Which of the following would the author agree with? A．Language helps people see the world. B．English is a necessary skill for everyone. C．Online learning beats traditional learning. D．Watching TV shows is the best way to learn English. 109．What does the author think of her journey of English learning? A．It’s easy but boring. B．It’s difficult but possible. C．It’s simple but interesting. D．It’s not easy but valuable. 110．What does the author’s learning experience show? A．Interest is the best teacher. B．Do as you would be done by. C．A little learning is a dangerous thing. D．All things are difficult before they are easy. （24-25九年级上·江苏泰州·月考）Li Shizhen, a well-known medical scientist of the Ming Dynasty, is famous as a great master (大师) of medicine in China. He put his heart and soul into medicine, only to save the dying and cure the sick. Li was born in 1518 in Hubei. Both his grandfather and father were doctors. Li’s grandfather was a country doctor who travelled from place to place with a bag of herbs (药草). Such doctors were called Lingyi (bell doctors), because they could tell others their arrival by ringing a bell. Li’s father was also a famous doctor in their local area. From childhood, Li went to the mountains with his father to pick herbs, getting wide knowledge about animals, plants and medicine. Although Li’s father hoped his son could get a government job, Li failed the exam three times. He then turned his attention to medicine. At the age of 33, Li became famous for curing Prince Zhu Houkun’s son. A few years later, he was invited to work at the Imperial Medical Institute (太医院) in Beijing. During that time, he read many ancient medical texts, and noticed a mess (混乱) in the naming and categorization (分类) of herbs. To deal with it, he decided to leave his job and devote himself to writing a book about herbs. After that, Li travelled to many places and got much first-hand experience. He also read hundreds of medical books and collected different kinds of herbs. After 27 years of efforts, his first draft (初稿) of Ben Cao Gang Mu was completed in 1578. The book is highly detailed and well-organized and is considered one of the greatest scientific achievements of the Ming Dynasty. 111．Which of the following is TRUE according to paragraph 2? A．Li’s father followed in his father’s footsteps. B．Li’s grandfather sold herbs by ringing a bell. C．Li’s father was not as famous as his grandfather. D．Li’s family moved to Hubei when Li was very young. 112．How did Li learn medicine as a child? A．Through receiving education at school. B．By learning it from his grandfather. C．Through personal practice. D．By reading many ancient books. 113．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．A child’s illness. B．Writing his new book. C．His work in Beijing. D．Wrong information about herbs. 114．Why did Li go to many places? A．To cure more patients. B．To prepare for his book. C．To spread his medical ideas. D．To visit some famous medical scientists. 115．Which word can best describe Li Shizhen? A．Proud. B．Popular. C．Hard-working. D．Independent. （2025·广东深圳·模拟预测）People believe that every word has its correct meaning(s). When we are not sure, we usually check online, or turn to our teachers or dictionaries. But do you know how dictionaries were made in the past? Dictionary writers first read the important books of the period or the subject that the dictionary was about. As they read, they copied necessary information on cards: interesting words, common words—both in their daily uses and unusual uses, and also the sentences where they were used. That is to say, the words, along with the uses of each word, were collected. For a really big dictionary, millions of such cards were collected. This task could last for years. As the cards were collected, they were put in alphabetical order (A—Z). When this was done, there would be several hundred cards for each single word. Then, to define (定义) a word, the dictionary writer placed its hundreds of cards before him. He read the cards closely, threw away some, read the rest again, and divided up the cards according to what he thought were the common uses of the word. Finally, he wrote the definitions, following the hard-and-fast rule: each definition must come from an example on a certain card in front of him. So, the writing of a dictionary was not a task of inventing meanings of words, but a task of recording their meanings. The writer of a dictionary was a historian, not a lawmaker. As time develops, the way of producing dictionaries has greatly changed. Nowadays, we can use online dictionaries too. When choosing our words in speaking or writing, we can be guided by the dictionary. However, we cannot be controlled by it, because new situations, new experiences, new inventions, and new feelings, are always pushing us to give new uses to old words. 116．Why did dictionary writers read important books? A．To know more about the period. B．To collect words and their uses. C．To understand different subjects. D．To learn to use interesting words. 117．Which shows the correct steps of how dictionaries were made in the past? A．①—③—④—② B．①—②—④—③ C．③—④—②—① D．③—①—④—② 118．What can we learn from the passage about dictionary writing in the past? A．It should be done by historians. B．It was a task of inventing and recording. C．It was long-time hard work. D．It had to use the law-making rules. 119．What does the writer advise us to do when we choose words in communication? A．Be open to the new uses of words. B．Follow the dictionary strictly. C．Use online dictionaries instead. D．Try to create new words. 120．What’s the main idea of this article? A．Ways to make a dictionary B．Steps to make a dictionary C．The origin of dictionaries D．The history of dictionaries （2025·天津南开·一模） First journey around Earth It has been over 500 years since the first journey around the whole planet in 1521. Many people thought it was impossible. It nearly was because trains and planes were not invented back then. The journey was started by a Portuguese sailor, Ferdinand Magellan, but he never saw it finished. Magellan, born in 1480, was following in the footsteps of explorers (探险家) like Christopher Columbus. He’d traveled from Spain to America in 1492 and encouraged others to take to the seas. But Magellan’s journey was even more daring. A journey around the whole world would show completely the still-questioned idea that the world was not flat, but round. In 1519, Ferdinand Magellan set sail from Spain where he got support (支持) from the Spanish King, Charles V. But Spanish sailors didn’t like being led by a Portuguese Man. After fighting storms, losing ships and many of his men turning against him and returning home, Magellan was killed in the Philippines by local people in 1521. After Magellan’s death, his group continued in the only ship that was left. Along the way, they traveled across a new ocean and mapped new paths for European trade. For better or worse, they had made the way for modem world trade. Sixty thousand miles later, and after the death of 80% of those who took part, the journey had shown that the world could be circled around. The passage Magellan’s team went through, between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, was named after him: the Strait of Magellan. It is 570 kilometers long. His influence on the world did not end there. In 1989, NASA named a spacecraft after the explorer and sent it to Venus (金星). 121．Who was Ferdinand Magellan? A．A Portuguese sailor. B．A Spanish sailor. C．The Spanish King. D．A soldier in Philippines 122．What is “the still-questioned idea” according to the story? A．The dream of finding new, flat lands. B．The opinion that Earth was round. C．The idea of traveling on the sea for years. D．The importance of exploration in the 16th century. 123．How old was Ferdinand Magellan when he set sail from Spain? A．12. B．21. C．39. D．41. 124．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．A spacecraft was named after Magellan by NASA． B．Ferdinand Magellan finished the long journey with his group. C．Ferdinand Magellan’s group created new paths for world trade. D．The Strait of Magellan is between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. 125．What does the story talk about? A．The history of ocean exploration by Europeans. B．The importance of mapping new paths for trade. C．The challenges during Magellan’s journey to South Asia. D．Magellan’s historic journey around the world and its influence. （2024·青海·中考真题）Everyone has bad feelings, such as anger, worry, or sadness. But do you know how to deal with your bad emotions (情绪)? ●Breathing (呼吸): Imagine that you smell a flower, and then blow up a balloon. Keep doing it and you can calm down. ●Moving: Do some exercise, such as jumping and running. Sweating helps you relax. ●Talking: Talk to others when you feel worried. ●Hugging: Hug your parents, friends, or your pets. They can make you feel safe. ●Drawing: Paint your feelings with color pens. Remember that you are the master of your emotions, so you should be responsible (负责任的) for your bad emotions. You know where the problem is, and next time you can do better. You will feel hopeful this way. Have a try! 126．How many ways are there to deal with bad emotions? A．3. B．4. C．5. D．6. 127．If you are worried, what can you do? A．Talk to others. B．Smell a flower. C．Blow up a balloon. D．Do some exercise. 128．If you want to feel safe, what might be a good way? A．Breathing. B．Hugging. C．Moving. D．Drawing. 129．Who should be responsible for your bad emotions? A．Your parents. B．Your friends. C．Your pets. D．Yourself. 130．What is the purpose of this passage? A．To tell us how to deal with bad emotions. B．To tell us how to keep pets. C．To tell us how to calm down. D．To tell us how to paint your feelings. （2025·天津滨海新·一模）If you had one million dollars to spend, would you buy a famous painting or sculpture (雕塑)? Most people would not think of buying art. They think of art as something that cannot be used. Many people enjoy looking at pieces of art, but there are not many people who would pay a lot of money for art. Maybe this is why some people are surprised when a piece of art sells for a lot of money. Why are some art pieces so expensive? Who decides how much art is worth anyway? Works by famous artists, such as Monet or Picasso, are worth a lot of money. But the value may go up or down based on (以……为根据) if a work is real and how common it is. For artists who may be new or not so well-known, the value of their art may go up or down based on an art expert’s opinion of it. However, sometimes the value of art does not follow rules. For example, Jackson Pollock is best known for his paintings that look like paint was thrown on a wall. Still, his paintings sell for millions. Another artist’s photograph of a simple, brown potato sold for more than a million dollars. These are examples of when the value given to a piece of art may confuse (使困惑) some. In the end, the value of a piece of art depends on each person. What may be worthless to one person may be very valuable to another. In the end, the buyer decides the worth of a piece of art. The value of a piece of art just becomes the price someone pays for it. 131．What do most people think of art according to the passage? A．Art is important to everyone. B．Art is something useful in daily life. C．Art is only valuable to artists themselves. D．Art is something that cannot be used. 132．How does the writer think about art? A．Art is not useful at all. B．Art is only for the rich. C．Art’s value is different for each person. D．Art should not be sold for money. 133．Who is known for paintings that look like paint was thrown on a wall? A．Monet. B．Jackson Pollock. C．Picasso. D．Van Gogh. 134．Which of the following doesn’t decide how much the art is? A．The artist’s name. B．Whether it’s real or not. C．The art experts’ opinions. D．The weight of the artwork. 135．What is the main topic of the passage? A．The history of art. B．The dream of art. C．The value of art. D．The war of art. （2025·天津和平·二模）On my 35th birthday, I gave myself my first skateboard. Most of my friends and family thought I was crazy, but only I knew why. Two years ago, I accidentally fell down a 12-meter waterfall and broke my pelvis (骨盆). I went from using a wheelchair to using crutches (拐杖), then to trying to walk a block, and finally walking miles. Physical activity became even more important in my life. So why not make it enjoyable? I’ve wanted to learn to skateboard since I was a kid, but most of my time and energy went into dancing. In my opinion, skating was actually very similar to dancing. For a long time, I tried to learn skating on my own. I had no idea what I was doing and always felt awkward when many strangers saw me skating or simply trying to keep my balance. That fear of being judged often stopped me from just getting out there for practice. One day, my friend Monica and I met some of the members of GRLSWIRL, a skateboarding club. They were so friendly that we wanted to be part of it. This club was amazing. Even though everyone there was better than me, they were happy to help and excited to see me overcome challenges. There, I gradually became more confident. For me, a big part of skating was overcoming my PTSD (创伤后应激障碍). Falling is a huge part of skating, but because of that accident, it was really hard for me to overcome it. However, the more I learned from every little fall—allowing my body to understand that it was OK, and that I could drop and get up again—the less my PTSD took over. The more I skated, the better my body and mind felt. Although I started skating for therapy (治疗), I never imagined it would open up a new world of excitement and possibilities for me. 136．Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 2? A．The writer didn’t spend much time dancing. B．The wr$学科网·上好课 重难点03阅读理解题 一、2025年天津市中考真题 1.C2.D3.A4.B 5. 11.B12.B13.D 14.C 21.D22.A23.B 24.B 31.A32.D 33.B 34.C 41.A 42.B43.D 44.C 51.A52.B53.A 54.C 61.D62.C63.B 64.C 71.A72.D73.D 74.C 二、2025年天津市中考模拟 1.B2.C3.D 4.A 5. 11.B12.D 13.C 14.A 21.B22.C 23.B 24.C 31.C 32.A 33.D 34.B 41.C42.D 43.A 44.D 51.D52.B53.C 54.A 61.B 62.A 63.B 64.D 71.C72.D 73.B 74.A 81.C82.A83.D 84.B 91.A92.A 93.C94.B 101.A102.D 103.C104.B A 111.A112.C113.D114.B A 121.A122.B123.C124.B y 131.D132.C133.B134.D www.zxxk.com 上好每一堂课 (重难专练) (天津专用) (答案版) 6.A7.D 8.B9.C10.D 15.B 16.B17.C18.D 19.A 20.B 25.C26.C27.D28.B 29.D 30.A 35.B 36.A37.C 38.A 39.A 40.B 45.D 46.A47.B48.D 49.C 50.B 55.C 56.B57.D58.D 59.A60.C 65.D 66.B67.C 68.B69.D 70.C 75.B 6.A7.B 8.D9.A 10.C 15.D 16.D 17.B 18.A19.C 20.C 25.D 26.C27.A 28.C29.B 30.D 35.D 36.A 37.B 38.A 39.C 40.B 45.A 46.B 47.A 48.C49.C 50.D 55.D 56.C57.D 58.A59.B 60.A 65.C 66.A67.C 68.C 69.B 70.C 75.C 76.B 77.B 78.A79.C 80.D 85.A 86.A87.A88.C89.B90.D 95.C 96.D97.A98.B99.B100.C 105.D 106.B107.C108.A109.D110. 115.C116.B117.D118.C119.A120. 125.D126.C127.A128.B129.D130. 135.C136.D137.C138.A139.D140. 1/2 6学科网·上好课 B 141.A 142.B 143.B B 151.C 152.D 153.A D 161.A 162.C 163.C C 171.B 172.C 173.B B181.C 182.B 183.A www zxxk com 144.D145.A146.A 154.B155.D 156.D 164.B 165.D 166.D 174.A175.B176.D 184.D185.C 2/2 上好每一堂课 147.C148.D149.C150. 157.A158.B159.C160. 167.A168.B169.D170. 177.C178.A179.D180. 重难点03 阅读理解题（重难专练）（天津专用）（解析版） 内容导航 第一部分 考情透视 目标导航 题型概述 考查内容 解题步骤 解题策略 备考建议 第二部分 知识导图 思维引航 第三部分 核心精讲 题型突破 真题研析 核心精讲 命题预测 考●情●透●视●目●标●导●航 考情分析 天津中考阅读理解选材题材广泛、体裁多样，涵盖记叙文、说明文和应用文等。其中A篇通常为记叙文，B篇多为说明文或记叙文，C篇多为说明文或应用文。每篇约160-300词，通常设15题，每题2分，总分30-分。难整体难度适中，但区分度明显。A篇记叙文难度较低，B/C篇说明文、应用文难度中等，部分推理判断题和主旨大意题有较强迷惑性，难度较大，是拉开分数差距的关键。 考点分布 1. 细节理解题：考查从文中找到具体信息的能力，如人物的行为、事件的时间地点、事物的特征等的能力。 2.  推理判断题：考查依据文本信息进行合理推断的能力，包括推断作者意图、人物性格、人物感受、故事结局、文章出处、写作意图等的能力。 3. 主旨大意题：考查概括中心思想、选择最佳标题、判断段落大意的能力。 4. 词义猜测题：考查通过上下文语境、构词法知识或生活常识猜测生词或短语含义的能力。 考法与比重 细节理解题 约10题，考查信息定位与比对能力。 推理判断题 约2题，考查逻辑思维与推断能力。 主旨大意题 约2题，考查概括归纳能力。 词义猜测题 约1题，考查语境理解能力。 命题规律 1.语篇选材——联系生活，关注热点。 2. 考点设置——均匀分布，层层递进。 3. 选项设计——干扰有据，陷阱分明。 4.能力导向——素养立意，思维为重。 备考建议 1. 增加阅读量，拓展知识面。 2.掌握阅读技巧，提升阅读效率。 3. 积累词汇，夯实语言基础。 4. 精研真题，总结规律。 5. 限时训练，适应考试节奏。 6. 分析错题，针对性改进。 题型概述 阅读理解是中考英语的核心题型，主要考查学生从书面语篇中获取信息、处理信息和理解意义的能力。 天津中考阅读理解选材题材广泛、体裁多样，涵盖记叙文、说明文和应用文三大类，A篇通常为记叙文，讲述人物经历、成长故事、亲情友情等，难度较低；B/C篇：多为说明文或议论文，涉及科普知识、社会现象、文化习俗等，难度中等。 文章长度：每篇约160-300词，通常设15题，每题2分，总分30-分。题目顺序通常与文章内容顺序一致， 前几题多为细节理解题，帮助考生建立信心，中间穿插词义猜测和推理判断题，最后一题往往是主旨大意题，需要整体把握。 考查内容 （一）按文体分类 1. 记叙文 考查重点：人物行为、事件发展、情感变化、故事寓意等，是天津中考阅读理解的“常客”，通常出现在A篇。文章讲述一个完整的故事，有明确的时间线、人物和情节。 考查方式包括： 1) 谁在什么时间做了什么（细节理解） 2) 人物为什么这么做（推理判断） 3) 故事告诉我们什么道理（主旨大意） 4) 某个词在语境中的含义（词义猜测） 2. 说明文 考查重点：事物特征、原理过程、原因结果、功能作用，通常出现在B篇或C篇，介绍某种事物或现象，如如灯笼鱼为什么会发光、盐对人们的重要性、维他命D的作用等。 考查方式包括： 1) 说明对象是什么（细节理解） 2) 为什么会发生某种现象（推理判断） 3) 文章主要介绍什么（主旨大意） 4) 专业术语的含义（词义猜测） 3. 应用文 考查重点：信息提取、目的判断、细节比对，通常出现在C篇，涵盖广告、通知、海报、指南、书信等多种形式，涉及生活的各个方面，如活动安排、产品介绍、招聘信息等。 考查方式包括： 1) 文中具体细节的准确理解，如价格、规格、要求（细节理解题）。 2) 细节排序：（细节理解）。 3) 推断文章出处：（推理判断）。 4) 概括应用文的主要目的或核心内容：（主旨归纳题）。 （二）按题目类型分类 1. 细节理解题： 考查能力从文中找到具体信息的能力，如人物的行为、事件的时间地点、事物的特征等。 设问方式： According to the passage, what/when/where/why/how...? Which of the following is TRUE/NOT true? The writer mentions ... to show that ______. ...... 2. 推理判断题: 考查依据文本信息进行合理推断的能力，包括推断作者意图、人物性格、故事结局、文章走向等。 设问方式： (1) What can we infer from the passage? (2) What does the writer think of...? (3) What would happen next? (4) The writer probably agrees that ______. (5) ...... 3. 主旨大意题: 考查能力概括中心思想、选择最佳标题、判断段落大意的能力。 设问方式： (1) What is the main idea of the passage? (2) What is the best title for the passage? (3) The passage is mainly about ______. (4) What does the last paragraph mainly tell us? (5) ...... 4. 词义猜测题: 考查能力通过上下文语境、构词法知识或生活常识猜测生词或短语含义的能力。 设问方式： (1) The underlined word “...” in Paragraph 2 probably means ______. (2) What does the word “...” refer to? (3) Which of the following can replace the word “...”? ...... 解题步骤 第一步：略读全文，把握大意（2-3分钟） 快速浏览文章的标题、首尾段、每段首句，了解文章的主题、文体和大致内容。 (1) 记叙文：关注人物、事件、结局； (2) 说明文：关注说明对象、主要特征； (3) 应用文：关注文本类型、信息板块； 第二步：审读题干，定位信息（3-4分钟） 先读题目（不看选项），明确每道题考查什么。带着问题回文章找答案： (1) 细节理解题：锁定关键词所在句； (2) 推理判断题：找到依据段，仔细分析； (3) 主旨大意题：重点关注首尾段和各段主题句； (4) 词义猜测题：找到划线词所在句，上下各看1-2句。 第三步：比对选项，确定答案（1-2分钟） 将找到的信息与四个选项进行比对，排除干扰项，选出最佳答案。 注意事项： 遇到不确定的题目，先做标记，最后再回头思考； 坚决避免主观臆断，所有答案都要在文中找到依据； 注意选项中的绝对化词语（all, never, must等），往往是陷阱。 解题策略 技巧一：快速定位法 细节理解题最常用的技巧。先读题干，找出关键词（时间、地点、人名、数字、专有名词等），然后带着关键词回文章扫读，快速定位到相关信息所在的句子或段落。 使用场景： 1) 细节理解题； 2) 是非判断题； 3) 寻找特定信息； 【例题1·2023天津中考】 Passage: Daniel and Peter were waiting for the school bus. They looked down the road but couldn't see it. Just then, their friend Ben came. He was not in school uniform. “Why are you not in school uniform?” Daniel asked. Ben said, “Today is a holiday. We don’t need to go to school.” Daniel and Peter looked at each other and laughed. Question: Why couldn't Daniel and Peter see the school bus? A. They were late. B. It was a holiday. C. The bus broke down. D. They went to the wrong place. 【答案】B 【解析】 本题考查快速定位信息的能力。题干关键词是“couldn't see the school bus”（看不到校车）。在文中定位到第一句“Daniel and Peter were waiting for the school bus. They looked down the road but couldn’t see it.”但这里没有解释原因。继续往下读，Ben说“Today is a holiday. We don't need to go to school.”（今天是假日，我们不需要上学。）这正是校车不来的原因。A选项“他们迟到了”、C选项“校车坏了”、D选项“他们走错了地方”在文中均无提及。根据快速定位到的信息，答案为B。 【例题2·2024天津和平区一模】 Passage: The Tianjin Science and Technology Museum opens from Tuesday to Sunday, 9:00 am to 4:30 pm. It is closed on Monday. Visitors can enjoy different exhibitions about space, robots, and human body. Tickets are free, but you need to book online before your visit. Question: When can people visit the Tianjin Science and Technology Museum? A. Monday 9:00 am B. Wednesday 3:00 pm C. Sunday 5:00 pm D. Tuesday 8:00 am 【答案】B 【解析】 本题考查快速定位细节信息的能力。题干关键词是“When can people visit”（何时可以参观）。文中第一句明确“opens from Tuesday to Sunday, 9:00 am to 4:30 pm”（周二至周日，上午9点到下午4点半开放）。A选项Monday（周一）闭馆；C选项Sunday 5:00 pm（周日下午5点）已超出4:30闭馆时间；D选项Tuesday 8:00 am（周二上午8点）未到9点开放时间。B选项Wednesday 3:00 pm（周三下午3点）在开放时间内。根据快速定位的信息，答案为B。 技巧二：选项排除法 当直接确定答案有困难时，可以采用排除法。根据文章内容，逐一分析四个选项，排除与原文信息不符的选项，剩下的就是正确答案。 使用场景： 1) 是非判断题（Which is TRUE/NOT true?）； 2) 选项信息量大、干扰性强的题目； 3) 不确定正确答案时。 【例题3·2022天津中考】 Passage: Steve was at home with his two younger brothers while his mother was at work. He played with them, made lunch for them, and helped them take a nap. When his mother came home, she was very happy and said, “Thank you, Steve. You are such a good brother.” Question: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Steve's mother was at home. B. Steve played with his friends. C. Steve made lunch for his brothers. D. Steve’s brothers helped him cook. 【答案】C 【解析】 本题考查运用排除法判断正误。 A选项“Steve的妈妈在家”与原文“while his mother was at work”（当他妈妈上班时）矛盾，排除。 B选项“Steve和他的朋友们玩”与原文“with his two younger brothers”（和他的两个弟弟）矛盾，排除。 C选项“Steve为他的弟弟们做了午饭”与原文“made lunch for them”（为他们做午饭）一致，保留。 D选项“Steve的弟弟们帮他做饭”原文未提及，无中生有，排除。 通过逐一排除错误选项，确定答案为C。 【例题4·2025天津河东区一模】 Passage: Many people think that only adults need to have dreams. But in fact, dreams are important for everyone, including children. Dreams can give us hope and help us work hard. A student without a dream may lose interest in study. Question: What can we learn from the passage? A. Only adults need dreams. B. Dreams are not important for children. C. Dreams can help us work hard. D. Students with dreams never lose interest. 【答案】C 【解析】 本题考查运用排除法判断信息正误。 A选项“只有成年人需要梦想”与原文“dreams are important for everyone, including children”（梦想对每个人都很重要，包括孩子）矛盾，排除。 B选项“梦想对孩子不重要”与原文矛盾，排除。 C选项“梦想能帮助我们努力学习”与原文“give us hope and help us work hard”（给我们希望，帮助我们努力学习）一致，保留。 D选项“有梦想的学生从不失去兴趣”中的“never”（从不）过于绝对，原文只说“may lose interest”（可能会失去兴趣），属于范围偏差，排除。 通过排除，确定答案为C。 技巧三：找主题句法 主旨大意题的关键是找到文章的主题句。主题句通常出现在： 文章开头：开门见山，点明主旨； 文章结尾：总结全文，升华主题； 段落首句：每段的第一句往往是该段的主题句； 转折词后：but, however, yet等后面的句子常强调重点。 使用场景： 1) 主旨大意题； 2) 选择最佳标题； 3) 段落大意概括； 【例题5·2021天津中考】 Passage: Helping others is a great way to make the world a better place. Last week, my classmate Wang Hong did something really kind. On her way home, she saw an old tree branch blocking the road. She tried to move it, but it was too heavy. Then some passers-by came to help. Together, they moved the branch away. Everyone felt happy. This small act taught me that when we work together, we can solve problems easily. Question: What is the main idea of the passage? A. Wang Hong is a strong girl. B. Moving branches is difficult. C. Helping others makes the world better. D. Passers-by are always helpful. 【答案】C 【解析】 本题考查找主题句把握主旨。文章第一句“Helping others is a great way to make the world a better place”（帮助他人是让世界变得更美好的好方法）就是主题句，直接点明了主旨。下文用王红的故事作为例子来证明这一观点。最后一句“This small act taught me that when we work together, we can solve problems easily”（这个小举动教会我，当我们一起努力时，我们能轻松解决问题）再次呼应主题。 A选项“王红是个强壮的女孩”是细节，不是主旨；B选项“搬树枝很困难”也是细节；D选项“路人总是乐于助人”中的“always”过于绝对，且不是主旨。根据主题句，答案为C。 【例题6·2024天津南开区二模】 Passage: Many students feel nervous before exams. But there are ways to deal with it. First, make a good study plan and follow it. Second, get enough sleep and eat healthy food. Third, take deep breaths when you feel worried. Remember, exams are just a way to check what you have learned. Don't be too hard on yourself. Question: What is the best title for the passage? A. How to Study Well B. How to Deal with Exam Stress C. The Importance of Exams D. Ways to Get Good Sleep 【答案】B 【解析】 本题考查选择最佳标题。文章第一句“Many students feel nervous before exams”（许多学生在考试前感到紧张）引出话题。第二句“But there are ways to deal with it”（但有办法应对）是主题句，点明文章主旨——介绍应对考试紧张的方法。后面用First, Second, Third列举了具体方法。最后两句给出心态建议。 A选项“如何学好”范围太宽，文章重点是应对考试压力而非学习方法；C选项“考试的重要性”偏离主题；D选项“获得好睡眠的方法”只是文章提到的一个细节，不能概括全文。根据主题句，答案为B。 技巧四：上下文推理法 推理判断题需要依据文中信息进行合理推断，而不是直接找到原句。做题时要抓住关键词，结合上下文逻辑、人物性格、情节发展等进行推理。 使用场景： 1) 推断人物性格、情感态度； 2) 推断作者意图； 3) 推断故事结局； 4) 推断隐含意义； 5) 推测文章出处。 【例题7·2022天津中考】 Passage: Tom and his father were walking in the park. They saw a little girl crying on a bench. Tom went over and asked, “What's wrong?” The girl said she couldn’t find her mother. Tom stayed with her and comforted her until her mother came back. The mother thanked Tom very much. Tom's father smiled and said, “I’m proud of you, son.” Question: What can we infer about Tom? A. He is a shy boy. B. He is kind and helpful. C. He doesn't like his father. D. He often gets lost. 【答案】B 【解析】 本题考查根据行为推断人物性格。从Tom的行为——主动询问哭泣的女孩、陪着她、安慰她、直到她妈妈回来——可以看出他是一个善良、乐于助人的孩子。A选项“害羞”与主动上前帮助的行为矛盾；C选项“不喜欢他父亲”文中无依据，父亲最后还表扬了他；D选项“经常迷路”文中无依据。根据上下文推理，答案为B。 【例题8·2023天津河北区一模】 Passage: It was raining heavily. Mike saw an old man standing at the bus stop without an umbrella. Mike had only one umbrella, but he walked over and shared it with the old man. They waited together for the bus. When the bus came, Mike let the old man get on first. Then he ran to school in the rain. He was wet when he arrived, but he felt warm inside. Question: How did Mike probably feel after helping the old man? A. Sad and tired. B. Angry and upset. C. Happy and proud. D. Surprised and scared. 【答案】C 【解析】 本题考查根据上下文推断人物情感。文章最后一句“He was wet when he arrived, but he felt warm inside”（他到学校时浑身湿透了，但内心感到温暖）直接表明Mike的感受——“温暖”。结合帮助他人的情境，这种“温暖”来自于帮助别人后的快乐和自豪。A选项“伤心疲惫”、B选项“生气沮丧”、D选项“惊讶害怕”都与“felt warm inside”矛盾。根据上下文推理，答案为C。 技巧五：词义猜测法 遇到生词时，不要慌张，更不要直接放弃。可以通过以下线索猜测词义： 定义解释：is, means, refers to, called等后面的内容； 同义复现：and, also, as well as等连接的近义词； 反义对比：but, however, while等连接的相反含义； 因果关系：because, so, since等提示的原因结果； 生活常识：根据经验判断； 构词法：前缀、后缀、合成词等。 使用场景： 1) 词义猜测题； 2) 阅读中遇到生词时。 【例题9·2025天津中考】 Passage: Some fish, like the lantern fish, can produce light from their bodies. This helps them find food or avoid enemies in the dark deep sea. The light is created by a special chemical in their skin. Question: The underlined word “produce” in the passage probably means ______. A. eat B. make C. find D. hide 【答案】B 【解析】 本题考查根据上下文猜测词义。划线词所在句“Some fish can produce light from their bodies”（有些鱼能从身体里______光）。下文说“This helps them find food or avoid enemies”（这帮助它们寻找食物或躲避敌人），说明这个光是有实际用途的。再往下看“The light is created by a special chemical”（这种光是由一种特殊的化学物质______的），created（创造、产生）与produce是同义复现。因此，produce在这里意思是“产生、制造”。A选项eat（吃）、C选项find（找到）、D选项hide（躲藏）均不符合语境。答案为B。 【例题10·2021天津河西区二模】 Passage: When you are in a library, you should keep quiet. If you talk loudly, others may be disturbed. They cannot read or study well. So remember to be considerate of others. Question: The underlined word “disturbed” in the passage probably means ______. A. helped B. bothered C. interested D. surprised 【答案】B 【解析】 本题考查根据上下文猜测词义。划线词所在句“If you talk loudly, others may be disturbed”（如果你大声说话，别人可能会被______）。前文说“你应该保持安静”，后文说“他们无法好好读书学习”。根据因果关系和常识，大声说话会“打扰”别人，让别人无法专心。因此，disturbed意思是“被打扰”。A选项helped（被帮助）与语境相反；C选项interested（被引起兴趣）和D选项surprised（被惊讶）都不符合“无法好好读书”的结果。答案为B。 技巧六：主旨推断法 有些主旨大意题不能直接从原文找到主题句，需要通读全文后自己概括。这时要抓住： 文章反复出现的关键词； 作者多次强调的观点； 故事传递的寓意或道理； 文章开头和结尾的呼应关系。 使用场景： 3) 无明显主题句的文章； 4) 需要概括寓意的记叙文； 5) 选择标题。 【例题11·2023天津红桥区二模】 Passage: A little boy found a cocoon. He took it home and watched it every day. One day, a small opening appeared. The butterfly inside was struggling to get out. The boy felt sorry for it, so he cut the cocoon open. The butterfly came out easily, but its body was swollen and its wings were small. It could never fly. The boy learned that the struggle was necessary for the butterfly to become strong. Question: What does the story mainly tell us? A. Butterflies are beautiful. B. Boys should not keep cocoons. C. Struggles help us grow stronger. D. It's good to help others. 【答案】C 【解析】 本题考查概括故事寓意。文章讲述了一个男孩帮蝴蝶剪开茧，反而害了蝴蝶的故事。最后一句点明道理：“the struggle was necessary for the butterfly to become strong”（挣扎对于蝴蝶变强是必要的）。这是故事的核心寓意。A选项“蝴蝶很美”是细节，不是主旨；B选项“男孩不应该养茧”是表面结论，不是深层寓意；D选项“帮助别人是好事”与故事相反——男孩的“帮助”反而害了蝴蝶。根据故事寓意，答案为C。 【例题12·2024天津津南区一模】 Passage: In a small village, there lived an old man who always smiled. Even when things went wrong, he found something to be happy about. The villagers asked him, “Why are you always so happy?” He said, “Every morning I choose to be happy. Bad things may happen, but I don't let them take away my joy.” The villagers learned a lot from him. Question: What can we learn from the old man? A. We should never feel sad. B. Happiness is a choice. C. Old people are always happy. D. Villagers are friendly. 【答案】B 【解析】 本题考查概括文章主旨。文章通过老人的话“Every morning I choose to be happy”（每天早上我选择快乐）点明核心观点：快乐是一种选择。A选项“我们永远不该感到悲伤”过于绝对，老人没说不能悲伤，而是不让悲伤夺走快乐；C选项“老人总是快乐的”以偏概全；D选项“村民们很友好”偏离主题。根据老人说的话和文章主旨，答案为B。 备考建议 1. 增加阅读量，拓展知识面 每日坚持：每天保证20-30分钟的英语阅读时间； 题材多样：除教材外，可阅读英文报刊、分级读物、简易名著等； 关注热点：多读关于科技发展、环境保护、文化习俗、青少年成长等话题的文章； 天津特色：适当阅读介绍天津本地文化、地标的英文材料。 2. 掌握阅读技巧，提升阅读效率 略读：快速浏览，抓住主旨； 扫读：带着关键词查找特定信息； 精读：仔细分析关键段落，理解深层含义。 3. 积累词汇，夯实语言基础 课标词汇：熟练掌握《义务教育英语课程标准》要求的1500-1600个单词； 高频词汇：整理近五年真题中出现的高频词； 构词法：掌握常见前缀后缀，通过构词法扩大词汇量。 4. 精研真题，总结规律 近五年真题至少做三遍： 第一遍：模拟实战，感受真题难度； 第二遍：分析错题，追查错误原因； 第三遍：总结规律，站在命题人角度思考。 5. 限时训练，适应考试节奏 每篇阅读理解控制在6-8分钟。 4篇文章总计25-30分钟 用手机计时，培养时间感。 6. 综合运用六大技巧 做细节题，用快速定位法； 做是非题，用选项排除法； 做主旨题，用找主题句法或主旨推断法； 做推理题，用上下文推理法； 做词义题，用词义猜测法。 知●识●导●图●思●维●引●航 核●心●精●讲●题●型●突●破 真题研析 一、2025年天津市中考真题 （2025·天津·中考真题）The sports meeting was coming. Mario was going to take part in the race. He needed a new pair of shoes, because there were holes near the big toes (脚趾) of the old ones. On a Sunday morning, Mario’s mother took him to the store. A shop worker measured (量) Mario’s feet. “Your feet are size 2,” the shop worker said to Mario. “But I only wore size I last year!” said Mario. The shop worker smiled at Mario. Mario looked at the shoes on the shelf (架子). He chose two different pairs to try on. One pair was black. The other was blue. The shop worker brought two boxes. In each box, there was a size 2 pair of the shoes that Mario chose. Mario tried on the two pairs of shoes. The black ones pinched (挤痛) his toes when he walked. Then Mario tried on the blue ones. He walked around the store. He jumped. He stood on his toes. “Mum, I want to buy the blue ones, because they feel just right,” Mario said to his mother happily. “I can’t wait to wear my new shoes to school tomorrow!” shouted Mario. 1．Mario needed new shoes to take part in ________. A．the party B．the trip C．the race D．the picnic 2．Who took Mario to buy new shoes? A．His father. B．His sister. C．His brother. D．His mother. 3．What size were Mario’s feet last year? A．Size 1. B．Size 2. C．Size 3. D．Size 4. 4．Mario wanted to buy the blue shoes because they ________. A．were cheap B．felt just right C．were small D．pinched his toes 5．How did Mario feel about his new shoes? A．Nervous. B．Worried. C．Excited. D．Shy. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．C 【知识点】记叙文、商品、个人购物喜好 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了Mario为了参加运动会需要买新鞋的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据“The sports meeting was coming. Mario was going to take part in the race.”可知，Mario需要新鞋是为了参加赛跑。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Mario’s mother took him to the store.”可知，是Mario的妈妈带他去买鞋。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“‘But I only wore size 1 last year!’ said Mario.”可知，Mario去年的鞋码是1码。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“‘Mum, I want to buy the blue ones, because they feel just right,’”可知，Mario选择蓝色鞋子是因为它们穿着舒适。故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据“I can’t wait to wear my new shoes to school tomorrow!”可推知，Mario对新鞋感到兴奋。故选C。 （2025·天津·中考真题）Lanternfish (灯笼鱼) are fish that carry their own lights. Most lanternfish are brown on top and silver underneath (在下面). They have very large eyes. They eat small sea animals. If you want to find them, you must go deep into the sea. As you go deeper and deeper, the daylight (日光) becomes dimmer and dimmer. At over 152 metres below the surface (表面) of the water, the daylight is almost gone. The water is dark blue. There you will find lanternfish. There are over 230 different kinds of lanternfish in the world. Most lanternfish are just as long as your fingers. Even the biggest lanternfish are only about 15 centimetres (厘米) long. They are not large in size. However, each lanternfish has about 100 small round lights on the lower part of its body. The fish use their lights to help them catch food. They also use their lights to send information so that they can recognise (认出) each other. At night, they may swim up near the surface of the sea. Their lights shine like stars under the water. Lanternfish are one of the wonders of the sea. 6．What is the colour of most lanternfish on top? A．Brown. B．Green. C．Red. D．Silver. 7．What does the word “dimmer” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Quicker. B．Easier. C．Richer. D．Darker. 8．How many kinds of lanternfish are there in the world? A．Over 152. B．Over 230. C．About 15. D．About 100. 9．In order to recognise each other, lanternfish also use lights to ________. A．drink water B．cook food C．send information D．fall asleep 10．In which part of a magazine can we find the passage? A．Art. B．Space. C．Health. D．Nature. 【答案】6．A 7．D 8．B 9．C 10．D 【知识点】科普知识、说明文、濒危生物 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了灯笼鱼的外形特征、生活习性以及发光功能。 6．细节理解题。根据“Most lanternfish are brown on top and silver underneath (在下面)”可知，大多数灯笼鱼背部是棕色的。故选A。 7．词句猜测题。根据“the daylight becomes dimmer and dimmer…the daylight is almost gone”可知，随着深度增加，日光逐渐变弱直至几乎消失，因此“dimmer”意为“更暗的”。故选D。 8．细节理解题。根据“There are over 230 different kinds of lanternfish in the world”可知，全球有超过230种灯笼鱼。故选B。 9．细节理解题。根据“They also use their lights to send information so that they can recognise (认出) each other”可知，灯笼鱼通过发光传递信息以互相识别。故选C。 10．推理判断题。通读全文可知，全文围绕海洋生物灯笼鱼展开，介绍其自然特征，因此最可能出现在杂志的“自然”板块。故选D。 （2025·天津·中考真题）There are many kinds of work. People do different things in their work. We talked to three young people about their careers (职业). Read about them. Jane, 22: I’m a travel agent (代理人). I plan vacations for different kinds of people. I need to buy plane tickets, book hotel rooms and make travel plans. I pay attention to the needs of my customers and help solve their travel problems. I really like the working hours from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm every day. And I can buy plane tickets at very low prices. Grace, 24: I sell electronics (电子产品) in a store. I help people make decisions about choosing and buying electronics. I need to know clearly about the information of each product in our store. I’m a fan of technology, so I think it’s always interesting to learn about new electronics. Sometimes I have to work late at night, but I still enjoy my work. And they pay me very well. Mike, 25: I’m a website designer (设计师). I make websites for different companies. To make a website for a company, I learn about the company and its needs first. I write down some ideas. After that, I talk to people at the company again to improve my design. Then I complete the website. I like to create new things. I feel so happy when I see the results of my work. Also, I work on my computer at home. This means I can decide my own working hours and have more time with my family. 11．What does Jane do for different kinds of people? A．She repairs computers. B．She plans vacations. C．She writes books. D．She does housework 12．What is always interesting for Grace? A．To work very late at night. B．To learn about new electronics C．To have more time with her family. D．To help people solve travel problems. 13．What is the right order for Mike to make a website for a company? a. Write down some ideas          b. Finish making the website. c. Learn about the company and its needs.     d. Communicate with people at the company again. A．a-b-c-d B．a-c-d-b C．c-b-a-d D．c-a-d-b 14．We can learn from the passage that the three young people all ________. A．sell electronics B．make little money C．enjoy their work D．create new technology 15．This passage mainly helps people ________. A．decide their working hours B．learn about different work C．find a company to work for D．become fans of technology 【答案】11．B 12．B 13．D 14．C 15．B 【知识点】议论文、工作与职业 【导语】本文主要介绍了三位年轻人的职业及其工作内容、特点和感受。 11．细节理解题。根据“I’m a travel agent (代理人). I plan vacations for different kinds of people.”可知，Jane的工作是为人们规划假期。故选B。 12．细节理解题。根据“I’m a fan of technology, so I’s always interesting to learn about new electronics.”可知，Grace认为学习新电子产品很有趣。故选B。 13．细节理解题。根据“To make a website for a company, I learn about the company and its needs first. I write down some ideas. After that, I talk to people at the company again to improve my design. Then I complete the website”可知，为一个公司做网站，Mike首先要了解这个公司和它的需求。然后写下一些想法。在那之后，他再次与公司的人交谈，以改进自己的设计。然后他完成了这个网站，故正确顺序为c-a-d-b。故选D。 14．细节理解题。根据“Jane；I really like the working hours…”、“Grace；but I still enjoy my work.”和“Mike；I like to create new things. I feel so happy when I see the results of my work.”可知三人都热爱自己的工作。故选C。 15．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章通过三位年轻人的职业介绍，帮助读者了解不同类型的工作。故选B。 （2024·天津·中考真题）Sara and Jack helped their mother and father work on the farm. They got food and drink from the farm. Sara got water from the stream. Jack got eggs from the hens. Sara got apples from the trees. Jack got corn from the field. Sara got milk from the cow. After Sara and Jack worked, they went into the house. When it got dark at night, Father made a fire so that the house had light. Then Mother told the family some news. “There is a new food called ice cream,” Mother said. “But some people call it cream ice.” The whole family smiled. The family thought that cream ice was a funny name for a food. “Can we try some ice cream, Mother?” asked Jack. “We need ice and milk to make it,” said Mother. “We have to wait until winter when it snows. Then we will get ice.” Sara and Jack couldn’t wait until winter so that they could try ice cream. 16．Where did Sara and Jack help their mother and father work? A．In the hotel. B．On the farm. C．In the cinema. D．On the train. 17．Where did Sara get water? A．From the cow. B．From the field. C．From the stream. D．From the trees. 18．When the house had light, Mother ________ to the family. A．showed some photos B．sang some songs C．read some poems D．told some news 19．What did the family think of the name of cream ice? A．It was funny. B．It was easy. C．It was helpful. D．It was common. 20．What did they need to make ice cream? A．Sugar and eggs. B．Ice and milk. C．Apples and corn. D．Milk and meat. 【答案】16．B 17．C 18．D 19．A 20．B 【知识点】记叙文、食物、家庭生活 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了萨拉和杰克在农场帮助父母工作的情况，以及他们对新食物冰淇淋的期待。 16．细节理解题。根据“Sara and Jack helped their mother and father work on the farm.”可知，萨拉和杰克在农场帮助他们的父母工作。故选B。 17．细节理解题。根据“Sara got water from the stream.”可知，萨拉从小溪中获取水。故选C。 18．细节理解题。根据“When it got dark at night…Then Mother told the family some news.”可知，当房子有光时，母亲告诉了家人们一些消息。故选D。 19．细节理解题。根据“The family thought that cream ice was a funny name for a food.”可知，家人们认为冰淇淋这个名字很有趣。故选A。 20．细节理解题。根据“We need ice and milk to make it”可知，制作冰淇淋需要冰和牛奶。故选B。 （2024·天津·中考真题）Salt has always been important to people. In the past, it was as valuable as gold. Over the years, people discovered different ways to get salt. Some early people got salt from rocks. In other places, people got salt from the sea. They took sea water and put it in the sun. After a long time, the water dried up (耗尽). Then people could get salt. Today, people still get salt from the sea. But most salt comes from salt mines (矿) and salt wells (井). How do people get salt from salt mines? They dig deep into the ground for it. To get salt from salt wells, people put two pipes (管子) into the ground. Water is sent down through one of the pipes. And the water is mixed with the salt in salt wells. It makes salt water. Then the salt water is pushed up through the other pipe. Later, the salt is taken out of the salt water. People once worked hard to find and make salt. Now, people can buy it at any food store. 21．Some early people got salt from ________. A．flowers B．fruits C．trees D．rocks 22．Why did people put sea water in the sun? A．To get salt. B．To catch fish. C．To wash clothes. D．To water crops. 23．How do people get salt from salt mines? A．By mixing sand with gold. B．By digging deep into the ground. C．By putting oil on rocks. D．By throwing stones into the sea. 24．What is the right order of getting salt from salt wells? a. The salt is taken out of the salt water. b. Water is sent down through one of the pipes. c. The salt water is pushed up through the other pipe. A．a-b-c B．b-c-a C．c-b-a D．b-a-c 25．The passage is mainly about ________. A．who discovered salt B．when we made salt C．where salt comes from D．how much salt we need 【答案】21．D 22．A 23．B 24．B 25．C 【知识点】说明文、科普知识 【导语】本文主要介绍了盐从哪里来的。 21．细节理解题。根据“Some early people got salt from rocks.”可知，一些早期的人从岩石中得到盐。故选D。 22．细节理解题。根据“They took sea water and put it in the sun. After a long time, the water dried up (耗尽). Then people could get salt”可知，是为了得到盐，故选A。 23．细节理解题。根据“They dig deep into the ground for it. To get salt from salt wells, people put two pipes (管子) into the ground.”可知，人们通过深挖地下来从盐矿中获取盐。故选B。 24．细节理解题。根据“Water is sent down through one of the pipes. And the water is mixed with the salt in salt wells. It makes salt water. Then the salt water is pushed up through the other pipe. Later, the salt is taken out of the salt water.”水通过其中一根管子往下输送。在盐井里，水和盐混合。它产生盐水。然后盐水通过另一根管子被推上来。然后，把盐从盐水中取出。由此可知，正确的顺序是：水通过其中一根管子往下输送→盐水从另一根管子被推上来→从盐水中取出盐。故选B。 25．主旨大意题。根据“Over the years, people discovered different ways to get salt”，“Today, people still get salt from the sea”以及全文可知，本文主要介绍了盐从哪里来的。故选C。 （2024·天津·中考真题）The Internet is often used to buy and sell products, pay bills, and communicate with people. But how safe is it when you use the Internet? Our magazine Interactions asked some Internet users about their experiences. Linda, 29, nurse: I pay all my bills online. One day, I received an email from my bank. It told me that someone was trying to take out money from my account (账号), so I should email my password (密码) to the “bank manager”. I felt something was wrong, so I called my bank and asked about the email. The bank said they never sent it. I realised that someone tried to cheat (欺骗) me of my money. I’ll continue paying my bills this way, but I’ll be more careful. Emily, 22, office worker: I was at work, and I sent an email to a friend of mine. I was telling her about my problems with Mark, the manager. A few minutes later, a friend of Mark’s came over to my desk. He said, “So you think Mark is too strict?” My face was red. I chose the wrong name on my address list. It was my own fault, so I’ll look over my emails more carefully before I click “Send” next time. Thomas, 21, university student: I love the Internet! I look up lots of information online. I often buy things on the websites—furniture, clothes, CDs, even foods. I have also sold some of my things on the Internet. I only use the websites I trust and I’ve never had a safety problem. 26．Where is the passage taken from? A．A diary. B．A novel. C．A magazine. D．A history book. 27．Linda probably got the email from a person who ________. A．refused to lend money to her B．asked about her experiences C．sold things to her on the websites D．tried to cheat her of her money 28．The word “fault” in Paragraph 3 means “________”. A．project B．mistake C．advantage D．plan 29．Who shared enjoyable experiences according to the passage? A．Linda. B．Emily. C．Mark. D．Thomas. 30．What is the best title of the passage? A．The Internet: How Safe Is It? B．The Bank: How Useful Is It? C．The Website: How Cheap Is It? D．The Magazine: How Amazing Is It? 【答案】26．C 27．D 28．B 29．D 30．A 【知识点】网络的利弊、记叙文、个人经历 【导语】本文主要就互联网安全，介绍几位互联网用户的经历。 26．细节理解题。根据“Our magazine Interactions asked some Internet users about their experiences.”可知，本文来自杂志，故选C。 27．细节理解题。根据“I realised that someone tried to cheat (欺骗) me of my money.”可知，琳达可能是从一个想骗她钱的人那里收到这封邮件的，故选D。 28．词句猜测题。根据“I chose the wrong name on my address list. It was my own fault”可知，我把通讯录上的名字选错了，这是自己的错，故选B。 29．细节理解题。根据“I love the Internet! ... I only use the websites I trust and I’ve never had a safety problem.”可知，Thomas分享了愉快的经历，故选D。 30．最佳标题题。本文主要就互联网安全，介绍几位互联网用户的经历。故选A。 （2023·天津·中考真题）In the morning, Daniel and Peter finished their breakfast quickly. They put on their school uniforms (校服), took their school bags and walked quickly to the bus stop. They had to wait for their school bus as usual. They waited for half an hour but the bus didn’t come. The two brothers were starting to get worried. They did not want to be late for school. Just then, Daniel’s classmate, Ben, came with a football on his bike. They were surprised to see that Ben wasn’t in his school uniform. Ben stopped in front of the two brothers and asked, “Where are you going?” “To school,” replied Peter quickly. “Why aren’t you ready for school, Ben?” Daniel asked. “Have you forgotten that today is a school holiday?” laughed Ben. “We have no lessons today!” When Daniel and Peter told their mother about it, they all laughed. At last, the brothers joined Ben in playing football in the field nearby. What a special morning! 31．When did the story happen? A．In the morning. B．At noon. C．In the afternoon. D．In the evening. 32．How did Daniel and Peter feel when their school bus didn’t come? A．Angry. B．Excited. C．Lonely. D．Worried. 33．Why were the two brothers surprised? A．Ben was a football fan. B．Ben wasn’t in his school uniform. C．Ben had a bicycle. D．Ben was leaving school. 34．The bus didn’t come because ________. A．the weather was bad B．the driver was sick C．it was a school holiday D．there was something wrong with it 35．What did the two brothers do at last? A．They went to the cinema. B．They played football with Ben. C．They read books at home. D．They cooked with their mother. 【答案】31．A 32．D 33．B 34．C 35．B 【知识点】记叙文、叙事忆旧 【导语】本文主要讲Daniel和Peter等不到校车很担心，他们看到Ben没有穿校服，一问才知道这一天休假，不用去上学。 31．细节理解题。根据“In the morning, Daniel and Peter finished their breakfast quickly.”可知故事发生在早上。故选A。 32．细节理解题。根据“They waited for half an hour but the bus didn’t come. The two brothers were starting to get worried.”可知校车没来让Daniel和Peter开始感到担心。故选D。 33．细节理解题。根据“They were surprised to see that Ben wasn’t in his school uniform.”可知他们惊讶是因为看到Ben没有穿校服。故选B。 34．细节理解题。根据“Have you forgotten that today is a school holiday?”可知校车没来是因为这一天休假，不用上学。故选C。 35．细节理解题。根据“At last, the brothers joined Ben in playing football in the field nearby.”可知最终他们和Ben一起踢足球去了。故选B。 （2023·天津·中考真题）About 80% of people do not get enough vitamin (维生素) D every day. But this vitamin is very important for your health. Vitamin D is really important for our bones (骨骼). When we are young, vitamin D builds up our bones and makes them strong. When we are older, we still need vitamin D to keep our bones strong. Our bodies keep the vitamin D in our bones and teeth. Then we lose vitamin D as we work and exercise during the day. But our bodies can’t make vitamin D．So we have to get it from outside of our bodies. Where can a person get this very important vitamin? Vitamin D is in foods like fish and eggs. Sometimes, vitamin D is added to bread, milk, and orange juice. Food is not the only way our bodies can get vitamin D．The sun also gives us vitamin D．If we want to be healthy, we should spend some time in the sun each day. Too much sun is not good for you, but about 15 minutes a day is usually enough. And we should be sure to eat foods that are rich in vitamin D, too. 36．The writer says that vitamin D ________. A．makes our bones strong B．keeps our hair clean C．is not necessary for our teeth D．is harmful to our hearts 37．Why do we have to get vitamin D from outside of our bodies? A．It makes us popular. B．It helps us eat more food. C．Our bodies can’t make vitamin D． D．The more vitamin D, the better. 38．According to the writer, people can get vitamin D by ________. A．eating fish B．watching TV C．working hard D．having a sleep 39．How long are we advised to spend in the sun each day? A．About 15 minutes. B．About 45 minutes. C．About 1 hour. D．About 2 hours. 40．Paragraph 3 mainly tells us ________. A．what vitamin D is B．where we can get vitamin D C．how much vitamin D we need D．why people don’t like vitamin D 【答案】36．A 37．C 38．A 39．A 40．B 【知识点】说明文、科普知识 【导语】本文主要介绍了维他命D的重要性及如何获取维他命D。 36．细节理解题。根据“When we are young, vitamin D builds up our bones and makes them strong. When we are older, we still need vitamin D to keep our bones strong.”可知维他命D能使我们骨骼强壮。故选A。 37．细节理解题。根据“But our bodies can’t make vitamin D. So we have to get it from outside of our bodies.”可知必须从体外获取维他命D是因为我们的身体不能产生维他命D。故选C。 38．细节理解题。根据“Vitamin D is in foods like fish and eggs.”可知可以通过吃鱼来获取维他命D。故选A。 39．细节理解题。根据“If we want to be healthy, we should spend some time in the sun each day. Too much sun is not good for you, but about 15 minutes a day is usually enough.”可知我们被建议每天在阳光中花费大约15分钟。故选A。 40．段落大意题。根据“Where can a person get this very important vitamin?”及全段内容可知第三段主要讲我们从哪里获得维生素D。故选B。 （2023·天津·中考真题）Most people love animals. Many children’s books use animals as the main characters. Many people look after animals as pets. The love for animals may be why both children and adults (成年人) enjoy going to zoos. In the past, zoos were usually started by rich people. The first zoo was started by a queen in Egypt in 1500 BC． Raising animals was a way for people to show they were wealthy and powerful. Sadly, the animals in the early zoos were not treated well. They didn’t receive enough attention or care. Today, zoos still bring people pleasure, but they try to protect animals and teach people as well. Zoos must follow rules. People must provide animals with a clean place to live, food and water, and health care. In this way, the rules help protect the animals. Some people think the rules are not enough. They want to do more to protect the animals they love. For example, people disapproved of the use of some large animals in shows. They thought the zoos didn’t have enough space for the animals to show. They also thought the animals were not treated properly. With so many people against the shows, the zoos decided to make a change. People see animals in zoos. At the same time, they try to learn about and protect them. Both people and animals can get a lot from each other. 41．Who started the first zoo? A．A queen in Egypt. B．A king in Egypt. C．A queen in England. D．A king in England. 42．How does the writer feel about the animals in the early zoos? A．He doesn’t care about them. B．He feels sad for them. C．He is proud of them. D．He is afraid of them. 43．According to the passage, zoos today must ________. A．train people for shows B．help look after family pets C．provide health care for tourists D．follow the rules to protect animals 44．The phrase “disapproved of” in Paragraph 4 means “________”. A．wrote about B．depended on C．were against D．were good at 45．What is the passage mainly about? A．Large animals in shows. B．Famous zoos around the world. C．Animals in the wild. D．Zoos in the past and today. 【答案】41．A 42．B 43．D 44．C 45．D 【知识点】说明文、常见动物、科普知识 【导语】本文主要介绍了早期动物园以及如今的动物园的作用，但是我们还需做更多的事情来保护所爱的动物。 41．细节理解题。根据“The first zoo was started by a queen in Egypt in 1500 BC.”可知埃及的一位女王创办了第一个动物园。故选A。 42．推理判断题。根据“Sadly, the animals in the early zoos were not treated well. They didn’t receive enough attention or care.(可悲的是，早期动物园里的动物没有得到很好的对待。它们没有得到足够的关注和照顾。)”可推知作者为它们感到难过。故选B。 43．细节理解题。根据“Today, zoos still bring people pleasure, but they try to protect animals and teach people as well. Zoos must follow rules...In this way, the rules help protect the animals.”可知现在的动物园要遵循规则去保护动物。故选D。 44．词句猜测题。根据“For example, people disapproved of the use of some large animals in shows. They thought the zoos didn’t have enough space for the animals to show.”可知一些人认为动物园没有足够的空间来展示动物，所以应是反对在表演中使用大型动物。划线部分“disapproved of”与C选项“反对”意思相近。故选C。 45．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了早期动物园以及如今的动物园的作用，但是我们还需做更多的事情来保护所爱的动物。故选D。 （2022·天津·中考真题）Steve is James and John’s big brother. One day, when their mum left for work, James and John started crying. They didn’t want her to leave. Steve tried to stop them crying and said, “Let’s play hide-and-seek (捉迷藏). You hide and I’ll count to ten. Then I’ll try to find you.” Steve found James under a chair and John behind a door. They played over and over again. Each time, the two boys hid in the same places. Finally, Steve felt too bored with the game. “Let’s take the dog for a walk,” he said. When Steve walked the dog, he found James and John were running in the street. He thought it was so dangerous. Then he had an idea. “Anyone who walks back to the house with me can have some snacks!” Steve shouted. At home, the boys ate some cookies and got ready for a sleep. James and John wanted a story. Steve told them the story about the little red hen. When their mum returned home, she was pleased to find the three sleeping boys. 46．James and John started ________ when their mum left home. A．crying B．running C．reading D．sleeping 47．Where did James hide during the game? A．Under a table. B．Under a chair. C．Behind a door. D．Behind a box. 48．Why did Steve feel bored with the game? A．Because he was not good at it. B．Because he didn’t know where to hide. C．Because his brothers made the room dirty. D．Because his brothers always hid in the same places. 49．What were James and John doing when Steve walked the dog? A．Staying in the house. B．Shouting at Steve. C．Running in the street. D．Eating some snacks. 50．How did their mum feel when she found the sleeping boys? A．Angry. B．Pleased. C．Afraid. D．Sad. 【答案】46．A 47．B 48．D 49．C 50．B 【知识点】记叙文、家庭生活、家人和亲人 【导语】本文主要讲述了在Steve妈妈上班时，Steve在家里带着两个弟弟度过愉快一天的经历。 46．细节理解题。根据“One day, when their mum left for work, James and John started crying”可知，妈妈去上班时，他们就开始哭，故选A。 47．细节理解题。根据“Steve found James under a chair and John behind a door”可知，James躲在了椅子下面，故选B。 48．细节理解题。根据“Each time, the two boys hid in the same places. Finally, Steve felt too bored with the game”可知，因为两个弟弟总是藏在同一个位置，所以Steve对这个游戏感到无聊，故选D。 49．细节理解题。根据“When Steve walked the dog, he found James and John were running in the street”可知，当Steve遛狗时，James和John在街上跑，故选C。 50．细节理解题。根据“When their mum returned home, she was pleased to find the three sleeping boys”可知，妈妈回来看到三个孩子都睡着了感到很开心，故选B。 （2022·天津·中考真题）People in the office usually sit for most of the day when they work. But this is bad for a person’s health. When people sit for too long every day, they don’t move very much. So it is easy to start getting fat. Sitting too long is also bad for their work because it makes them want to sleep. When this happens, people may make more mistakes in their work or spend more time finishing their work. Companies need workers to be healthy, so how do they fix the problem? Some companies have different types of desks to help their workers. The first type of desk is the standing desk. The desk can be taller when a person wants to stand. It can also be shorter when the person wants to sit. Another type of desk is the walking desk. This desk is made so that a person can work while walking at the same time. Workers in the companies like the different types of desks very much. They think these desks are quite useful. 51．When people in the office work, they usually ________. A．sit B．move C．run D．sing 52．What does the word “fix” mean in Paragraph 1? A．Cause. B．Solve. C．Bring. D．Discuss. 53．How many types of desks are mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．2. B．3. C．4. D．5. 54．What do the workers think of the different types of desks? A．They are cheap. B．They are traditional. C．They are useful. D．They are expensive. 55．The purpose of the passage is to ________. A．tell us the reasons for sitting B．show the advantages of standing C．introduce desks that help people work better D．compare companies that provide different jobs 【答案】51．A 52．B 53．A 54．C 55．C 【知识点】说明文、家具与家庭用品 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍一些公司使用不同类型的办公桌来帮助他们的员工。 51．细节理解题。根据“People in the office usually sit for most of the day when they work.”可知，办公室里的人通常在工作的时候大部分时间都坐着。故选A。 52．词义猜测题。根据“Companies need workers to be healthy, so how do they fix the problem?”可知，公司需要解决问题，此处fix的意思是“解决”，故选B。 53．细节理解题。根据“The first type...Another type of desk...”可知，提到了两种类型的办公桌，故选A。 54．细节理解题。根据“They think these desks are quite useful.”可知，员工们认为这些办公桌很有用，故选C。 55．主旨大意题。根据“Some companies have different types of desks to help their workers.”可知，本文介绍一些公司使用不同类型的办公桌来帮助他们的员工，故选C。 （2022·天津·中考真题）Tea and coffee are two of the most popular drinks in the world. However, people usually like one more than the other. These drinks also have very different uses. Tea drinking started in China over 4,000 years ago. Tea is made from leaves. These days, some people drink tea for health, using it to help with stress(压力) or losing weight. However, most people in tea-drinking countries think of tea as more than just a healthy drink. In fact, tea drinking in some countries is a part of the culture. In Turkey(土耳其), tea is always there when people meet. Whether in someone’s home or a company, tea is always offered as a way of welcoming. In the UK, homes and offices usually have tea time. Tea and other dishes are served at tea time in the afternoon. It is a way of relaxing with friends or co-workers(同事). Coffee came much later than tea, just over 1,000 years ago. Coffee is made from beans. Something in the coffee beans makes a person feel active. Most people do not drink coffee to relax. Instead, they drink coffee to get going. Many people drink coffee in the morning to help them wake up. Others will also drink coffee during short breaks in the afternoon to keep going through the working day. Some people may visit coffee shops just to meet and talk with friends. However, many people in coffee shops drink coffee while working on their computers. Is tea or coffee more common in your country? Between the two, which do you like to drink more? 56．Where did tea drinking start? A．In Japan. B．In China. C．In Turkey. D．In the UK. 57．We can learn from Paragraph 2 that people in the UK ________. A．drink tea to get fat B．offer tea to say goodbye C．think of tea as a bad drink D．have tea to relax themselves 58．What is coffee made from? A．Leaves. B．Sugar. C．Dishes. D．Beans. 59．Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraph 3? A．Coffee came much earlier than tea. B．Many people drink coffee to wake up. C．Many people work on their computers in coffee shops. D．Some people meet and talk with friends in coffee shops. 60．What is the best title of the passage? A．The Smells of Tea and Coffee B．The Prices of Tea and Coffee C．The Different Cultures of Tea and Coffee D．The Different Ways of Making Tea and Coffee 【答案】56．B 57．D 58．D 59．A 60．C 【知识点】科普知识、食物、中华文化、说明文、文化差异 【导语】本文主要介绍了茶和咖啡的不同文化。 56．细节理解题。根据“Tea drinking started in China over 4,000 years ago.”可知，饮茶起源于4000多年前的中国。故选B。 57．细节理解题。根据“It is a way of relaxing with friends or co-workers(同事).”可知，在英国喝茶是一种和朋友或同事一起放松的方式。故选D。 58．细节理解题。根据“Coffee is made from beans.”可知，咖啡是由豆子制成的。故选D。 59．细节理解题。根据“Coffee came much later than tea”可知，咖啡的出现比茶晚得多。故选A。 60．最佳标题题。根据第一段内容可知，本文主要介绍了茶和咖啡的不同文化。故选C。 （2021·天津·中考真题）I’m Kevin, a student of Grade 9. Most of my friends walk to school, but I like to ride my bike each day. I wake up at 7:00. After I wash my face and eat breakfast, I throw the schoolbag on my back. Do I have my books and homework? Yes, I do. I take my bike, hop（跳）onto it and ride to school at 7: 30. “See you later. Mum,” I say. I pass my friends when I ride by. “Hi, Kevin!” they call when I pass. Mary does not want to ride with me. She does not like to wear a schoolbag. She likes to carry her books in her arms when she walks. She likes to kick the autumn leaves. But she likes to look at the flowers the best. Not me! I like to ride my bike to feel the fresh air in my face. When I get to school, I lock my bike in the bicycle park. I walk across the field to say hi to Mr Brown and wait for my friends in our classroom. 61．What grade is Kevin in? A．Grade 6. B．Grade 7. C．Grade 8. D．Grade 9. 62．What time does Kevin ride to school? A．At 6:30. B．At 7:00. C．At 7:30. D．At 8:00. 63．On her way to school, Mary likes to ________ the best. A．ride with Kevin B．look at the flowers C．wear a schoolbag D．kick the autumn leaves 64．Why does Kevin like to ride a bike? A．To take his mum with him. B．To meet his grandpa. C．To feel the fresh air in his face. D．To show he is brave. 65．Where does Kevin wait for his friends? A．At home. B．In the field. C．At the school gate. D．In the classroom. 【答案】61．D 62．C 63．B 64．C 65．D 【知识点】记叙文、交通方式 【分析】本文主要讲述了Kevin喜欢骑自行车去上学，他喜欢感受清新空气吹在脸上的感觉，而Mary喜欢走路去上学，她喜欢踢秋天的树叶，她最喜欢看花。 61．细节理解题。根据“I’m Kevin, a student of Grade 9”可知，他是9年级的学生，故选D。 62．细节理解题。根据“I take my bike, hop （跳）onto it and ride to school at 7: 30”可知，他7：30骑自行车去上学，故选C。 63．细节理解题。根据“But she likes to look at the flowers the best”可知，她最喜欢看花，故选B。 64．细节理解题。根据“I like to ride my bike to feel the fresh air in my face”可知，他喜欢骑自行车感受新鲜的空气吹在脸上，故选C。 65．细节理解题。根据“I walk across the field to say hi to Mr Brown and wait for my friends in our classroom”可知，在教室里等朋友，故选D。 （2021·天津·中考真题）When the days grew long in the middle of summer, Lisa liked to go to the park and watch the clouds. One day, Lisa saw a cloud that looked like a standing dragon. After a few minutes it became a flying dragon. Then it seemed to change direction. Another cloud moved in to mix with it, and the dragon changed into a dancing elephant. Then it became a sitting dog then a barking（吠、叫）dog, and then a tiger. “This is better than TV!” Lisa shouted. Mr Thomas, the music teacher at Lisa’s school, was flying a kite with his son in the park. He heard Lisa’s voice. He gave the kite string（线）to his son and came to Lisa. “Hi, Mr Thomas!” Lisa said. “Look at those clouds. They keep changing! First they looked like a dragon, then an elephant, then a dog, and now a tiger!” Mr Thomas looked up. “A tiger?” he said. “That looks like a horse to me. It’s running towards the sun, That’s so lively.” Lisa looked again. He was right! “How do clouds know how to make so many shapes?” The clouds don’t know how to make shapes. Your imagination（想象力）helps you see those shapes in the clouds, “Mr Thomas answered as the horse changed into a chicken.” 66．What did Lisa like to do in the park in the middle of summer? A．Train her dog. B．Watch the clouds. C．Feed animals. D．Read books. 67．Lisa found that “a barking dog” in the clouds changed into “________”. A．a dragon B．an elephant C．a tiger D．a giraffe 68．What was Mr Thomas doing in the park when Lisa shouted? A．Studying plants. B．Flying a kite C．Having music lessons. D．Playing tennis. 69．What did Mr Thomas think of the running horse in the clouds? A．It was strong. B．It was shy. C．It was noisy. D．It was lively. 70．According to Mr Thomas, what helped Lisa see different shapes in the clouds? A．Tradition. B．Silence. C．Imagination. D．Environment. 【答案】66．B 67．C 68．B 69．D 70．C 【知识点】记叙文、描绘天气、其他人 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要叙述了丽莎在盛夏的白天去公园看云的景象。 66．细节理解题。根据文中“When the days grew long in the middle of summer, Lisa liked to go to the park and watch the clouds.”可知，在盛夏丽莎喜欢去公园里看云。故选B。 67．细节理解题。根据文中“Then it became a sitting dog then a barking（吠、叫）dog, and then a tiger.”可知，丽莎发现云中的“吠狗”变成了“老虎”。故选C。 68．细节理解题。根据文中“Mr Thomas, the music teacher at Lisa’s school, was flying a kite with his son in the park. He heard Lisa’s voice.”可知，丽莎大叫时托马斯先生在公园里放风筝。故选B。 69．细节理解题。根据文中“That’s so lively.”可知，托马斯先生认为云中的跑马很活泼。故选D。 70．细节理解题。根据文中“Your imagination（想象力）helps you see those shapes in the clouds,”可知，据托马斯先生说，是想象力帮助丽莎在云层中看到了不同的形状。故选C。 （2021·天津·中考真题）There are many deserts (沙漠) on the earth. And the following are some facts you may find interesting. What are deserts like? Deserts can be hot and dry places. Rain may not fall there for months or years. Some deserts are sandy and stony (多石的). Deserts can also be very windy places. The wind can change the shape of the deserts. It moves sand around from place to place. Temperatures in the desert can vary enormously(非常). During the daytime, the temperature may reach 40℃ even in the shade (阴凉处). At night, deserts can become very cold. In winter there may even be a frost (霜冻) in the early morning. Living in the desert The camel is sometimes called “the ship of the desert”. It stores food in its hump (驼峰) and can go for days without water. It has large feet which help it not to fall into the soft sand. Its long eyelashes (睫毛) keep out the sand during sandstorms. An oasis is an area of the desert where water may be found. The water may be in pools or under the ground. People and animals visit an oasis for water and food. Plants grow at an oasis. Some farmers are able to grow crops here. The Arabian Desert The Arabian Desert lies between the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf. In some parts of the desert, it is too hot for people to live. Oil was discovered under parts of the desert and in the Arabian Gulf. This oil has made some countries in the area very rich. Much of the money has been spent building fine cities with lovely parks and lakes, and people live a comfortable life there. 71．Which of the following can best describe deserts? A．Hot and dry. B．Sandy and rainy. C．Wet and stony. D．Windy and snowy. 72．The word “vary” in the passage means “________”. A．be low B．be high C．be similar D．be different 73．The camel has long eyelashes to ________. A．stay cool in deserts B．go for days without water C．help it not to fall into the soft sand D．keep out the sand during sandstorms 74．According to the passage, people and animals visit an oasis for ________. A．frost and crops B．sand and stones C．water and food D．money and oil 75．What is the best title of the passage? A．What is the weather like in deserts? B．What do you know about deserts? C．How do people live in deserts? D．Where is the Arabian Desert? 【答案】71．A 72．D 73．D 74．C 75．B 【知识点】说明文、科普知识 【分析】文中主要介绍了一些关于沙漠的常识。 71．细节理解题。根据“Deserts can be hot and dry places.”可知，沙漠又热又干。故选A。 72．词义猜测题。根据“During the daytime, the temperature may reach 40℃ even in the shade. At night, deserts can become very cold.”可知，沙漠中温度变化很大。vary意为“变化”。故选D。 73．细节理解题。根据“Its long eyelashes keep out the sand during sandstorms.”可知，骆驼的长睫毛是为了在沙尘暴来袭时挡住沙子。故选D。 74．细节理解题。根据“People and animals visit an oasis for water and food.”可知，人和动物到绿洲是为了水和食物。故选C。 75．标题归纳题。文中主要介绍了一些关于沙漠的常识，以“What do you know about deserts?”做标题最合适。故选B。 核心精讲 考向一 ：阅读理解选材题材广泛、体裁多样 1. 天津中考阅读理解选材题材广泛、体裁多样，涵盖记叙文、说明文和应用文三大类。 整体难度适中，但区分度明显。A篇记叙文难度较低，B/C篇说明文、议论文难度中等，部分推理判断题和主旨大意题有较强迷惑性，是拉开分数差距的关键。 2. 考点相对固定，整体难度适中。 1.细节理解题：占比较大，要求考生从文中找到具体的信息和对文章细节的准确理解和数据的准确把握，如人物的行为、事件的时间地点等。 2.主旨大意题：考查对整篇文章核心内容的概括和总结，要求考生概括文章的主要内容和核心观点。 3.推理判断题：需要考生基于文章提供的信息进行合理的推断和猜测。 4. 词义猜测题：通过上下文推测生词或短语的含义。 考向二：命题特点 特点一：语篇选材——贴近生活，紧跟热点 天津中考阅读理解选材具有鲜明的时代性和教育性，题材广泛、体裁多样。 题材特点：涵盖科普知识、社会热点、文化习俗、生活感悟四大类。如灯笼鱼为什么会发光、树木医生如何工作、维他命D的作用等科普内容；儿童使用社交媒体的家长监控问题、垃圾分类与环保等社会热点；中外节日、传统故事等文化习俗；成长经历、亲情友情等生活感悟。 体裁分布：记叙文、说明文、应用文三类文体，A篇通常为记叙文，讲述人物经历、成长故事，难度较低；B/C篇多为说明文或应用文，涉及科普、社会现象、海报、邮件等。 时代气息：选材时代感强，贴近现代生活，语言地道鲜活。2025年试题更加注重引导学生关注社会、思考人生。 特点二：考点设置——均匀分布，层层递进 每篇文章的考点设置遵循“由浅入深”的原则，四种题型比例稳定。 细节理解题占比最大，考查信息提取能力； 推理判断题考查逻辑思维能力； 主旨大意题考查概括归纳能力； 词义猜测题考查语境理解能力； 题目顺序通常与文章内容顺序一致，前几题为细节理解题帮助考生建立信心，中间穿插词义猜测和推理判断题，最后一题往往是主旨大意题。 特点三：能力考查——素养立意，思维导向 高阶思维要求：除了传统的细节查找、推理判断、主旨大意归纳外，更加注重对学生高阶思维能力的考查，如理解作者意图、观点态度，进行简单的逻辑推断，以及对语篇结构和修辞手法的初步感知。部分题目设置了开放性问题，要求学生基于文本信息进行归纳和表达。 能力维度： 信息提取能力：从文中获取关键信息（细节理解题） 逻辑推理能力：根据文中线索进行合理推断（推理判断题） 概括归纳能力：把握文章整体结构和主旨（主旨大意题） 语境理解能力：通过上下文猜测生词含义（词义猜测题） 特点四：记叙文为主，故事性强 近五年天津中考阅读理解A篇100%为记叙文，这是最显著的命题规律。 主题特点：涵盖人物经历、成长故事、亲情友情等丰富多样的主题，贴近学生的生活和认知水平。这类文章故事完整、情节清晰，开头交代背景，中间展开情节，结尾升华主题。 设题特点：记叙文的命题顺序一般会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进。一半以上的题目用来检测考生对故事的了解，必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络。细节题是记叙文命题的主流题型，而寓意之类的题则是拉开距离的高层次题。 特点五：选项干扰有据，陷阱分明 阅读理解干扰项的设计非常有讲究，通常设置以下几种陷阱： 1. 偷换概念：选项中的信息与原文相似，但关键细节被替换。如原文说“some”，选项说“all”；原文说“often”，选项说“always”。 2. 范围偏差：扩大或缩小原文的范围。如原文限定在某个特定条件下，选项却去掉条件。 3. 无中生有：原文没有提及的信息。选项本身合理，但在文中找不到依据。 4. 答非所问：选项本身正确，但不符合题干要求——学生最容易掉入的陷阱。 5. 过度推断：超出原文信息范围的推断。 6. 语法正确，语境不符：选项本身语法无误，但代入后与上下文逻辑矛盾。 命题预测 一、阅读理解 （2025·天津河北·一模）Fiona was a very popular girl at school. From an early age, she tried to be kind and friendly to everyone. She invited the whole class to her birthday party and sometimes gave presents to everybody. However, everything changed on International Day of Friendship. On that day, everyone had to make three presents to give to their three best friends. Fiona enjoyed the task of choosing three from her classmates. But when all the presents were made and shared out, she was the only one that didn’t receive a present! Fiona felt terrible, crying for hours. Everyone came to comfort her, but each stayed only a short time before leaving—just as she did to others so many times. She realized she was a good companion (伙伴), but she wasn’t a true friend to anyone. Although she tried to be close to everyone, she found that wasn’t enough to create true friendships. That night, Fiona told her mother about everything. Her mother said, “My dear, you cannot buy friends with a smile or a few good words. If you want true friends, you must give them time and real care.” Hearing this, Fiona decided to change her ways to have some true friends. As she lay in bed that night, she thought about how to achieve this. She thought about her mother, who was always ready to help her, put up with her bad behaviour, encouraged her and loved her deeply. That was what made a true friend! Fiona smiled happily, realizing she already had the best friend anyone could ever want. 1．Which shows the right changes of Fiona’s feelings during the gift exchange? A．Happy→sad→surprised. B．Happy→surprised→sad. C．Surprised→worried→angry. D．Surprised→hopeful→excited. 2．How did the students comfort Fiona? A．They called her mother. B．They gave her their presents. C．They spent a little time with her. D．They walked her home together. 3．What can we learn from Paragraph 3 about Fiona? A．She didn’t do well in school. B．Nobody at school liked her at all. C．She was too busy to develop true friendships. D．She realized she wasn’t making friends the right way. 4．From Fiona’s mother’s words, we can know the mother is a _________ person. A．loving B．strict C．brave D．humorous 5．What lesson does the passage mainly teach us? A．Parents are a child’s first teachers. B．Kind words are the music of the world. C．A strong friendship really needs time and care. D．Close neighbours are better than distant relatives. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．C 【知识点】哲理感悟、记叙文、友谊 【导语】本文介绍了菲欧娜在学校是个很受欢迎的女孩，她与每个人都相处融洽，但在学校的国际友谊日上，她没有收到一份礼物，对此她很伤心。在母亲的开导下，她懂得了牢固的友谊需要时间和关怀的道理。 1．细节理解题。根据“Fiona enjoyed the task of choosing three from her classmates. But when all the presents were made and shared out, she was the only one that didn’t receive a present! Fiona felt terrible, crying for hours.”可知，菲欧娜起初对这个活动很享受，随后她惊讶自己没有收到礼物，因此她很伤心。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Everyone came to comfort her, but each stayed only a short time before leaving—just as she did to others so many times.”可知，每个人都来安慰她，但每个人都只待了很短的时间就离开了——就像她对别人所做的那样。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“She realized she was a good companion, but she wasn’t a true friend to anyone. Although she tried to be close to everyone, she found that wasn’t enough to create true friendships.”可知，菲欧娜意识到自己是个好伙伴，但对任何人来说都不是真正的朋友。虽然她试着亲近每个人，但她发现这不足以建立真正的友谊。即她交朋友的方式不对。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据“She thought about her mother, who was always ready to help her, put up with her bad behaviour, encouraged her and loved her deeply.”可知，菲欧娜的妈妈很爱她。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。根据“If you want true friends, you must give them time and real care.”可知，牢固的友谊需要时间和关怀。故选C。 （2025·天津河西·一模）The three most wonderful train journeys provide the natural beauty of our motherland. Read on to see which line you want to start your journey with. Xining to Lhasa Length: around 1,900 km long    Price: 781 yuan for a soft sleeper The railway line is popular with travellers who want to visit Tibet. It is the longest high altitude (海拔) train trip in the world and is named as “the way to the sky”. Most of the line is over 4,000 meters. You can see Qinghai Lake outside the train’s windows. Chengdu to Kunming Length: around 1,100 km long    Price: 487.5 yuan for a second class The railway line has been in service since July 1970. From Chengdu, with an altitude of 400 meters or so, the train goes up to about 2,000 meters across mountains. This line is called Geological Museum (地质博物馆) because of the special geography along the railway line. Lhasa to Rikaze Length: around 250 km long    Price: 64 yuan for a soft seat This railway line connects to the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and has an altitude of above 3, 600 meters. It makes Tibet travel easier for travellers, especially those who want to see Mount Qomolangma, the highest mountain in the world. 6．Why is Xining to Lhasa Railway called “the way to the sky”? A．Because most of it is over 4, 000 meters. B．Because it gives travellers a feeling of flying. C．Because there are many high mountains along it. D．Because You can see Qinghai Lake outside the train’s windows. 7．How much should Mr. Green and his wife pay for their second-class tickets when they are planning a train trip from Chengdu to Kunming? A．781 yuan B．975 yuan C．551.5 yuan D．487.5 yuan 8．What can we know about Chengdu to Kunming Railway? A．It is about 2,000 kilometers long. B．It has been in service for 70 years. C．The price is 487.5 yuan for a first class. D．The geography along the line is special. 9．The railway from Lhasa to Rikaze makes it easier for travellers to see ________. A．Mount Qomolangma B．Geological Museum C．Qinghai Lake D．The way to the sky 10．Which of the following is true about the three wonderful railway lines? A．They go across Tibet all the way. B．They run from the east to the west of China. C．They take us to enjoy the beauty of our motherland D．They were built at the same time. 【答案】6．A 7．B 8．D 9．A 10．C 【知识点】应用文、景点/建筑 【导语】本文主要介绍了我国三条可供人们欣赏美景的铁路线。 6．细节理解题。根据“It is the longest high altitude (海拔) train trip in the world and is named as ‘the way to the sky’. Most of the line is over 4,000 meters.”可知，因为大部分线路超过4000米。故选A。 7．细节理解题。根据“Chengdu to Kunming”中“Price: 487.5 yuan for a second class”可知，一个人是487.5元，夫妻二人总费用为487.5×2=975元。因此格林先生和他的妻子计划从成都到昆明的火车旅行时，他们的二等票应该付975元。故选B。 8．细节理解题。根据“Chengdu to Kunming”中“This line is called Geological Museum (地质博物馆) because of the special geography along the railway line.”可知，成昆铁路沿线地理特殊。故选D。 9．细节理解题。根据“Lhasa to Rikaze”中“It makes Tibet travel easier for travellers, especially those who want to see Mount Qomolangma, the highest mountain in the world.”可知，从拉萨到日喀则的铁路使旅行者更容易看到珠穆朗玛峰。故选A。 10．细节理解题。根据“The three most wonderful train journeys provide the natural beauty of our motherland.”可知，这三条铁路线带我们去欣赏祖国的美丽。故选C。 （2025·天津南开·一模）April 13 is the Water-Splashing Festival for Dai ethnic group (傣族) in Yunnan. It usually goes on for three to seven days. In the festival, men and women, old and young, all dressed in beautiful clothes, singing, dancing and splashing water on each other. In their eyes water is the origin (起源) of life. And it can also wash away bad luck and bring happiness and health to people. So the more water one person gets, the more luck he or she will have, and the happier he or she will be. There are other interesting activities on that day. The Dai people also have dragon-boat races and peacock (孔雀) dances on this festival. So if you travel to Yunnan during this time, come and join them together! 11．When does the Water-Splashing Festival begin? A．April 12. B．April 13. C．April 14. D．April 15. 12．Who celebrates the Water-Splashing Festival? A．Old people. B．Men and women. C．Young people D．The Dai people. 13．What does the water mean in the eyes of the Dai people? A．It is the origin of life and can bring bad luck. B．It can wash away happiness and bring bad luck. C．It is the origin of life and can wash away bad luck. D．It can only bring health but not happiness. 14．Which of the following activities is NOT mentioned during the festival? A．Having a big dinner. B．Singing and dancing. C．Dragon-boat races. D．Peacock dances. 15．What is the passage about? A．The Dai ethnic group. B．People’s life in Yunnan C．The importance of water. D．The Water-Splashing Festival. 【答案】11．B 12．D 13．C 14．A 15．D 【知识点】庆祝活动、说明文、传统节日 【导语】本文主要介绍了傣族的泼水节。 11．细节理解题。根据“April 13 is the Water-Splashing Festival for Dai ethnic group (傣族) in Yunnan. It usually goes on for three to seven days.”可知，傣族泼水节从4月13日开始，持续3到7天。故选B。 12．细节理解题。根据“In the festival, men and women, old and young, all dressed in beautiful clothes, singing, dancing and splashing water on each other.”可知，傣族人民都会庆祝泼水节。故选D。 13．细节理解题。根据“In their eyes water is the origin (起源) of life. And it can also wash away bad luck and bring happiness and health to people.”可知，水在傣族人民眼里是生命的起源，可以冲走坏运气和带来快乐与健康。故选C。 14．细节理解题。根据“all dressed in beautiful clothes, singing, dancing and splashing water on each other”以及“The Dai people also have dragon-boat races and peacock (孔雀) dances on this festival.”可知，泼水节的活动中，没有吃大餐。故选A。 15．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了傣族的泼水节。故选D。 （2024·吉林·中考真题） Technologies Making School Life “SMART” E-booksIn the future, students may only bring e-books to school. In fact, some schools are already doing this. E-books can store notes and students feel relaxed with lighter schoolbags. Robot teachersThere are robot teachers in the schools in some cities. These robots can help students with their studies. They can also help them solve problems. E-skatesWith a pair of e-skates, you can walk to school faster! E-skates can be tied to your shoes easily. And there are four speed settings you can choose. Flying aidsIf students get hurt and need help at schools, drones (无人机) can be of great use. They can offer help faster than people and they can also carry medicine or clothes. 根据以上内容，选择正确答案。 16．How many technologies are mentioned in the passage? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 17．How do students feel with lighter schoolbags? A．Worried. B．Relaxed. C．Bored. D．Surprised. 18．Who can help students with their studies according to the passage? A．The robot teachers. B．The parents. C．The workers. D．The friends. 19．Which is the best choice if you want to walk to school faster? A．Flying aids. B．Clothes. C．E-skates. D．Schoolbags. 20．Where does the passage probably come from? A．A travel magazine. B．A movie magazine. C．A technology magazine. D．A music magazine. 【答案】16．D 17．B 18．A 19．C 20．C 【知识点】科学技术、说明文 【导语】本文介绍了四种可以在学校应用的科技。 16．细节理解题。根据文章可知，本文提到了电子书、机器人教师、电子滑板以及无人机四种技术。故选D。 17．细节理解题。根据“E-books can store notes and students feel relaxed with lighter schoolbags.”可知，学生们对于更轻的书包感到放松。故选B。 18．细节理解题。根据“These robots can help students with their studies.”可知，机器人教师会帮助学生们学习。故选A。 19．细节理解题。根据“With a pair of e-skates, you can walk to school faster!”可知，用电子滑板可以更快到学校。故选C。 20．推理判断题。通读文章可知，本文介绍了四种可以在学校应用的技术，故文章来源于“科技杂志”。故选C。 （2025·天津滨海新·一模）Bo was born in Alaska, but he lives with us in Minnesota now. I take Bo for walks in the morning and afternoon. During every walk, I usually end up shouting, “Slow down, Bo!” When Bo was in Alaska, he liked to pull sleds (雪橇) and run fast. He worked with a team of other dogs to pull a sled over snow and ice. Bo was very fast and strong, and his team won several dog-sled races. Many people enjoyed cheering for Bo to run. Whenever we go on walks, Bo starts out running. He suddenly pulls me down the sidewalk and pulls me around the park. I’m a little angry but I have to dig my feet into the ground and pull Bo back with a hard pull. This is the only way Bo will stop. I have to wait for him to calm down before we start walking again. Some people think it is funny when they see Bo trying to race instead of walking with me. “Go, Bo! Go!” they shout and laugh. “No, Bo! Oh please, no!” I shout. I don’t think it is very funny because it feels like Bo is likely to pull my arms off. Mom says Bo will learn how to walk slowly and try not to run everywhere one day. I hope he’s a fast learner. 21．What did Bo do in Alaska? A．He raced against other people. B．He pulled sleds over snow and ice. C．He helped people dig in the snow. D．He taught people how to walk slowly. 22．Why does Bo sometimes make the writer unhappy? A．Because he is very calm. B．Because he never listens to her. C．Because he runs too fast during walks. D．Because he isn’t a good racing dog. 23．How does the writer make Bo stop during walks? A．She shouts at him loudly. B．She pulls him back hard. C．She waits for him to calm down. D．She asks other people for help. 24．What does the writer hope about Bo? A．She hopes he will run faster. B．She hopes he will win more races. C．She hopes he will learn to walk slowly. D．She hopes he will move back to Alaska. 25．The best title for this passage is ________. A．Cheer up! Bo! B．Go, Bo! Go! C．Be quiet, Bo! D．Slow Down, Bo! 【答案】21．B 22．C 23．B 24．C 25．D 【知识点】人与动植物、记叙文 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者与一只名叫Bo的狗的故事，Bo曾在阿拉斯加拉雪橇并参加比赛，现在与作者一起生活，但散步时总是跑得太快，让作者感到困扰。 21．细节理解题。根据“When Bo was in Alaska, he liked to pull sleds (雪橇) and run fast. He worked with a team of other dogs to pull a sled over snow and ice.”可知，Bo在阿拉斯加的主要活动是拉雪橇。故选B。 22．细节理解题。根据“Whenever we go on walks, Bo starts out running. He suddenly pulls me down the sidewalk and pulls me around the park. I’m a little angry”可知，作者不高兴的原因是Bo散步时跑得太快。故选C。 23．细节理解题。根据“I’m a little angry but I have to dig my feet into the ground and pull Bo back with a hard pull. This is the only way Bo will stop.”可知，作者是通过用力拉回Bo让他停下。故选B。 24．细节理解题。根据“Mom says Bo will learn how to walk slowly and try not to run everywhere one day. I hope he’s a fast learner.”可知，作者希望Bo学会慢慢走路。故选C。 25．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，全文围绕Bo散步时跑得太快，作者多次喊让其慢一些展开，所以D项最符合。故选D。 （2025·天津和平·二模）Watch out! The flower of the devil (恶魔) is spreading in China. Many places in China see the spreading of the Canada goldenrod (一枝黄花). It’s a bright yellow flower from North America. The flower is beautiful, but it is hurting China’s environment. According to the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the flower first came to China in 1935 as an ornamental plant (观赏植物). In the 1980s, it started to spread to many places. In 2010, China named it as an alien invasive species (外来入侵物种). As an invasive species, there are few plants and animals to stop it. So, it spreads very fast and causes other plants around it to die. Chinese people call it “the flower of the devil”. It is now mostly spreading in Jiangsu, Hubei, Henan and Zhejiang provinces. If you see this flower on the street, please call 12345 to report it. Then, experts will come to kill it. Let’s look after our environment together! 26．According to the passage, we know that the Canada goldenrod is ______ . A．the national flower of Canada B．spreading from China to North America C．beautiful with a bright yellow color D．hurting Canada’s environment 27．When did it first come to China? A．In 1935. B．In the 1980s. C．In 2010. D．Last year. 28．What might the word “causes” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．helps something grow B．makes something beautiful C．makes something happen D．looks after something 29．Why is the flower called “the flower of the devil”? A．Because it can eat other plants. B．Because it hurts China’s environment. C．Because it grows only in a few provinces. D．Because it can even grow on the street. 30．The writer wrote this passage to tell us that ______ . A．many flowers in China come from other countries B．we can help the environment get better with flowers C．it is not easy to grow plants in some provinces D．we should stop the spread of the Canada goldenrod in China 【答案】26．C 27．A 28．C 29．B 30．D 【知识点】科普知识、环境保护、说明文、植物 【导语】导语：本文介绍了一种名为一枝黄花的外来植物在中国迅速扩散的现象，说明它虽然外表美丽，却会破坏生态环境，并呼吁人们积极举报，共同保护环境。 26．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It’s a bright yellow flower from North America. The flower is beautiful…”可知，这种花颜色鲜黄且漂亮，故选C。 27．细节理解题。根据第二段“the flower first came to China in 1935…”可知，这种花是1935年传入中国的，故选A。 28．词句猜测题。根据句子“So, it spreads very fast and causes other plants around it to die”可知，这种花扩散得很快，导致其他植物死亡，cause在此表示“引起、导致”，即makes something happen，故选C。 29．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“So, it spreads very fast and causes other plants around it to die. Chinese people call it ‘the flower of the devil’”可知，这种植物会危害生态环境，因此被称为“恶魔之花”，故选B。 30．主旨大意题。文章多次强调这种植物对环境的破坏，并呼吁人们发现后立即报告，说明作者写此文的目的是提醒人们共同防止一枝黄花在中国扩散，故选D。 （2024·山东滨州·中考真题）As a country powerful in math, China has many folk games full of math wisdom (智慧). You may play many of them before. Let’s take a look at three of them. Chinese nine linked rings puzzleIt’s believed that the nine linked rings puzzle was created in the Western Han Dynasty. And it is usually made up of nine rings connected to a handle (手柄). Players have to remove (移除) all the rings from the handle to win the game. This is not a simple game. The solution takes 341 moves, so lots of patience is required. But if you learn to solve it, it’s hard to forget. TangramFirst popular in the Ming and Qing dynasties, the tangram is a puzzle made up of seven pieces of different shapes. For each puzzle, players need to use all the pieces to make a shape. To do it, they have to know about geometry (几何学). In the 18th century, the tangram was brought to the West and soon became popular there. Luban lockThe Luban lock was first created by Lu Ban 2,000 years ago. The lock has a lot to do with solid geometry (立体几何). It’s hard to separate the six pieces. However, it is usually easier to unlock a Luban lock than to put it back together. Now, there are Luban locks made up of nine or more pieces. 31．Which of the following subjects do the three folk games have to do with? A．English. B．Music. C．Math. D．Chemistry. 32．_________ is first popular in the Ming and Qing dynasties. A．Tangram B．Luban lock C．Chinese nine linked rings puzzle D．Nine-square Grid 33．From the passage we can learn that _________. A．there are Luban locks made up of only six pieces now B．the tangram was brought to the West in the 19th century C．it is usually more difficult to unlock a Luban lock than to put it back together D．players have to remove nine rings from the handle to win the nine linked rings puzzle 34．Where can you probably read the passage? A．In a story book. B．In a science book. C．In a travel magazine. D．In a sports magazine. 35．The writer wrote the passage mainly to _________. A．explain the ways to learn math B．share his skills of playing folk games C．tell us the importance of learning math well D．introduce folk games with math wisdom in China 【答案】31．C 32．A 33．D 34．B 35．D 【知识点】游戏、中华文化、说明文 【导语】本文主要介绍了九连环、七巧板和鲁班锁这三个充满数学智慧的中国民间游戏。 31．细节理解题。根据“As a country powerful in math, China has many folk games full of math wisdom (智慧).”可知，三个游戏都与数学相关，故选C。 32．细节理解题。根据“First popular in the Ming and Qing dynasties, the tangram is a puzzle made up of seven pieces of different shapes.”可知，七巧板最早流行于明清时期，故选A。 33．细节理解题。根据“And it is usually made up of nine rings connected to a handle (手柄). Players have to remove (移除) all the rings from the handle to win the game.”可知，它通常由九个环连接在一个手柄上。玩家必须从手柄上摘下所有的圆环才能赢得比赛。故选D。 34．推理判断题。本文主要介绍三个与数学相关的民间游戏，所以可能在一本科学书里看到这篇文章，故选B。 35．主旨大意题。根据“As a country powerful in math, China has many folk games full of math wisdom (智慧). You may play many of them before. Let’s take a look at three of them.”可知，本文主要介绍了九连环、七巧板和鲁班锁这三个充满数学智慧的中国民间游戏，故选D。 （2025·天津南开·二模）Everyone has unhappy days. But it’s hard to deal with these kinds of days when you’re just a kid. Delton Myers, a 10-year-old boy, from Columbia, the USA, wrote and published a book to help kids deal with depression (抑郁). Myers is going on a book tour across the country this month. His book is called The Invisible Injury (《隐形的创伤》). It’s about a little girl named Peggie. She feels quite depressed. At first, she doesn’t want to tell others about her sadness. But later, she opens her heart to her parents and friends. Parents often tell kids to keep to themselves, especially in hard times. However, Myers wants to let kids know that it’s okay to talk about their feelings and ask for help. He got the inspiration (灵感) to write his book from his own life experience. When he realized that he was depressed, he found it was helpful to talk about it with his mother and work his way through it. 36．Delton Myers is ________. A．a 10-year-old boy B．feeling sad C．playing with friends D．from Britain 37．Myers’ book teaches kids how to ________. A．see clearly B．deal with depression C．talk to strangers D．study hard 38．Peggie is ________. A．a little girl in Myers’ book B．Myers’ best friend C．the writer of the book D．always in peace 39．What do we know about the book The Invisible Injury? A．Myers made lots of money from it. B．Myers’ parents helped him write it. C．Myers wrote it according to his life experience. D．It is a popular book all over the world. 40．How did Myers deal with depression according to the passage? A．He kept it as a secret. B．He talked about it with his mother. C．He found that reading books was helpful. D．He shared his feelings through writing. 【答案】36．A 37．B 38．A 39．C 40．B 【知识点】阅读、青少年问题、记叙文 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了美国10岁男孩Delton Myers通过写作出版书籍《隐形的创伤》，帮助孩子们应对抑郁的故事。 36．细节理解题。根据文章第1段“Delton Myers, a 10-year-old boy, from Columbia, the USA…”可知，Delton Myers是一个来自美国哥伦比亚的10岁男孩。故选A。 37．细节理解题。根据文章第1段“…wrote and published a book to help kids deal with depression.”可知，Myers的书旨在帮助孩子们应对抑郁。故选B。 38．细节理解题。根据文章第2段“It’s about a little girl named Peggie.”可知，Peggie是书中的人物。故选A。 39．细节理解题。根据文章第3段“He got the inspiration to write his book from his own life experience.”可知，Myers的创作灵感来自他的个人经历。故选C。 40．细节理解题。根据文章第3段“…he found it was helpful to talk about it with his mother…”可知，Myers通过与母亲倾诉来应对抑郁。故选B。 （2024·福建·中考真题） Once upon a time, there was a little boy. His parents were poor farmers. They couldn’t pay for a worker, so the boy had to help. He worked hard. Every day, he had a one-hour rest at sunset (日落). He used that time to climb to the top of a hill. There, he could see a house on another hill. It had golden windows. They were really bright and shone like diamonds (钻石). One day, the boy’s father said to him, “You worked really hard, so you can take a day off. Try to learn something good.” The boy thanked his father. Then, he left home and walked to the far hill. He came to the house and knocked on the door, and a girl answered. He told her about the golden windows. The girl shook her head and said, “Poor farmers like us only have glass windows. Look there! That’s the house with the golden windows.” She pointed at something far away. When the boy looked, he saw his own house. He then thanked the girl and rushed home. Inside, he saw his family and smiled. He told them about his excellent day. He also said, “I learned a great lesson—our house has golden windows.” 41．What do we know about the little boy? A．He was quite lazy. B．He was very rich. C．He was a son of poor farmers. D．He was a son of a worker. 42．What did the boy do when he had a one-hour rest? A．He rested at home. B．He built a house. C．He helped his parents. D．He climbed to the top of a hill. 43．The boy took a day off because he ________. A．worked hard B．wanted to play C．found a diamond D．needed to visit the girl 44．What did the girl point at? A．The windows made of gold. B．The windows made of diamond. C．The windows of the girl’s house. D．The windows of the boy’s house. 45．How did the boy feel when he got home? A．Happy. B．Lonely. C．Surprised. D．Strange. 【答案】41．C 42．D 43．A 44．D 45．A 【知识点】哲理感悟、记叙文 【导语】本文介绍一个男孩看到另一个山的房子，窗户金光闪闪，当到达那边却发现自己家房子的窗户也是如此，由此可知，不要这山望着那山高，要珍惜自己的生活。 41．细节理解题。根据“Once upon a time, there was a little boy. His parents were poor farmers. ”可知小男孩的家庭是贫穷的农民家庭。故选C。 42．细节理解题。根据“Every day, he had a one-hour rest at sunset (日落). He used that time to climb to the top of a hill.”可知男孩休息的时候，他会利用这段时间去爬山。故选D。 43．细节理解题。根据“You worked really hard, so you can take a day off. ”可知男孩工作很努力，所以有一天假。故选A。 44．推理判断题。根据“‘Poor farmers like us only have glass windows. Look there! That’s the house with the golden windows.’ She pointed at something far away.”和“ When the boy looked, he saw his own house. He then thanked the girl and rushed home.”可知女孩指着远处山的房子，而这个房子正是自己的房子。故选D。 45．推理判断题。根据“Inside, he saw his family and smiled. He told them about his excellent day. ”可知男孩看见家人笑了，因此可推测他是高兴的。故选A。 （2025·天津和平·三模）In the hallway of Lincoln High School, four students——Emily, Alex, Liam, and Sophia, are talking and laughing happily. They are good friends with completely different characters. Almost every friend group has a parent. Emily is certainly the most responsible one among her friends. When they hang out with Emily, they don’t need to worry about anything. She always has plans and makes sure things go well. And if someone wants to find a person to talk to, Emily is always there to listen to them. If someone needs advice, Emily is the first person they go to. Alex, however, is a quiet but smart boy. He doesn’t talk much and he usually spends most of his free time reading in the school library, so he does well in exams. When his friends have some difficult problems in study, Alex is often ready to help them out. Students are all surprised at his intellect and great problem-solving skills. Liam is a born leader. He is cheerful and outgoing. He joins all kinds of clubs at school, including the music and the art clubs. At the same time, Liam likes to take part in outdoor activities. He often organizes school trips, cycling races and other interesting games. All the students would like to play with him. This makes Liam a popular star at school. Sophia is friendly and kind-hearted. She does different volunteer work after school. On Monday and Friday, Sophia goes to the children’s hospital. On Wednesday, she visits dogs and cats in an animal shelter (收容所), bringing them food. At the weekend, she helps clean up the neighborhood and look after the old people. 46．What do we know about Emily? A．She is good at sports. B．She takes care of others. C．She hardly gives useful advice. D．She likes hanging out with friends. 47．The underlined word “intellect” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________. A．mind B．look C．dream D．progress 48．If Jack is interested in outdoor activities, he would turn to ________. A．Emily B．Alex C．Liam D．Sophia 49．How often does Sophia go to the children’s hospital? A．Once a week. B．Twice a month. C．Twice a week. D．Three times a month. 50．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To tell the story of four good friends. B．To teach readers the importance of being kind. C．To share students’ nice life in Lincoln High School. D．To introduce four students with different characters. 【答案】46．B 47．A 48．C 49．C 50．D 【知识点】朋友、记叙文、外貌与性格 【导语】本文主要介绍了四位同学不同的性格特点及相关行为表现。 46．细节理解题。根据“When they hang out with Emily, they don’t need to worry about anything. She always has plans and makes sure things go well. And if someone wants to find a person to talk to, Emily is always there to listen to them. If someone needs advice, Emily is the first person they go to”可知，当他们和艾米丽在一起的时候，他们什么都不用担心。她总是有计划，确保事情顺利进行。如果有人想找人倾诉，艾米丽总是会倾听他们的心声。如果有人需要建议，艾米丽是他们第一个去找的人，由此可知，艾米丽很会照顾别人，故选B。 47．词义猜测题。根据“When his friends have some difficult problems in study, Alex is often ready to help them out. Students are all surprised at his intellect”可知，当亚历克斯的朋友在学习上遇到困难时，他总是乐于帮助他们。学生们都对他的智慧感到惊讶，所以划线单词与mind同义，故选A。 48．细节理解题。根据“Liam likes to take part in outdoor activities. He often organizes…other interesting games”表明Liam热衷户外活动，若Jack感兴趣可找他，故选C。 49．细节理解题。根据“On Monday and Friday, Sophia goes to the children’s hospital.”可知，星期一和星期五去儿童医院，一周去两次，故选C。 50．主旨大意题。文章围绕Lincoln High School四位学生（Emily、Alex、Liam、Sophia ），分别介绍他们不同性格特点与行为表现，故选D。 （2025·天津南开·三模）In the US, someone often says to you “Give me five”. What should you do? Don’t give five dollars from your pocket! It will make others laugh! The person is not asking for your money, but your fingers. In the US, “Give me five” or “Give me high five” is a hot gesture (手势). You can see it in films or on TV. It means hitting each other’s hands together. People do it when they meet for the first time or some happy things happen. For example, a football team wins. Their players will give high fives to everyone around to celebrate. This gesture comes from ancient Rome. Someone raises the right arm for the king. This showed there wasn’t a sword (剑) in his hand. So why not try to give the high five to your friends? 51．You need to use your ______ to make the gesture “Give me five”. A．legs B．mouth C．heads D．hands 52．When ______, you may give high fives. A．you lose money B．you meet someone for the first time C．you start your lessons D．you meet difficulties 53．Why do people make the gesture “Give me five”? A．To make people laugh. B．To ask for money. C．To celebrate the winning. D．To ask for help. 54．Where is the gesture from according to the passage? A．Ancient Rome. B．America. C．China. D．Japan. 55．Why did the Romans raise their right arms for the king? A．They were afraid of the king. B．They were happy to see the king. C．They wanted to give the king a welcome. D．They showed the king there were no swords in their hands. 【答案】51．D 52．B 53．C 54．A 55．D 【知识点】体态语、科普知识、说明文 【导语】本文主要介绍了美国常见的“Give me five（击掌）”手势的含义、使用场景及其历史起源。 51．细节理解题。根据“It means hitting each other’s hands together.”可知，该手势是手掌相击，需用到手。故选D。 52．细节理解题。根据“People do it when they meet for the first time or some happy things happen.”可知，初次见面时会击掌。故选B。 53．细节理解题。根据“For example, a football team wins. Their players will give high fives to everyone around to celebrate.”可知，庆祝获胜的时候会击掌。故选C。 54．细节理解题。根据“This gesture comes from ancient Rome.”可知，起源于古罗马。故选A。 55．细节理解题。根据“Someone raises the right arm for the king. This showed there wasn’t a sword (剑) in his hand.”可知，是为向国王展示手中无剑。故选D。 （2025·天津南开·三模）Where will people live in the future? Will people work and live in the sea? And how will people go to work then? By submarine (潜水艇)？ Some scientists think that some day there will be many submarines like cars. A famous French scientist says, “One day, people will work on the ocean floor (海底) as they do on the street!” If people want to live in the sea, they have to solve a lot of problems, like those of living on the moon, such as lack of oxygen (缺氧) and weightlessness. Many problems are hard to solve. For example, what will happen to our bodies if we live in the sea for a very long time? Scientists are looking for answers. Maybe in the future, people will be able to live in the sea, away from the noisy cities on land. They will find it fun and interesting to live in the sea. And life in the sea is more comfortable. Don’t you think so? 56．Maybe people in the future will ______ to work on the ocean floor. A．drive a car B．take a bus C．take a submarine D．swim 57．What problem will people have if they live in the sea? A．They will feel cold. B．They will feel tired. C．They will become quite heavy. D．They will not have enough oxygen. 58．The writer thinks it is ______ to live in the sea. A．comfortable B．bad C．easy D．noisy 59．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．People may be weightless in the sea. B．The sea is noisy for people to live in. C．Submarines will be popular in the future. D．People cannot live in the sea at present. 60．What’s the best title of the passage? A．Living in the Sea B．Living in Submarines C．Living on Land D．Living on the Moon 【答案】56．C 57．D 58．A 59．B 60．A 【知识点】畅想未来、说明文 【导语】本文围绕未来人类居住展开想象，探讨人们未来是否会在海里工作和生活，提及若在海里生活需解决类似在月球生活的问题，还描述了未来在海里生活可能具备的优势，引发对未来海洋生活的思考。 56．细节理解题。根据“Where will people live in the future? Will people work and live in the sea? And how will people go to work then? By submarine (潜水艇)?”和“Some scientists think that some day there will be many submarines like cars.”可知，表明未来去海底工作可能乘坐潜水艇。故选C。 57．细节理解题。根据“If people want to live in the sea, they have to solve a lot of problems, like those of living on the moon, such as lack of oxygen (缺氧) and weightlessness.”可知，明确提到缺氧问题。故选D。 58．观点态度题。根据“Maybe in the future, people will be able to live in the sea... And life in the sea is more comfortable.”可知，说明作者认为海里生活更舒适。故选A。 59．细节理解题。根据“away from the noisy cities on land”可知，说明海里远离陆地噪音，海里不吵闹，该选项错误。故选B。 60．最佳标题题。通读原文可知，文章围绕未来人们是否会在海里生活展开，探讨海里生活的可能性、问题及优势，A选项“在海里生活”符合主旨。故选A。 （2025·天津和平·三模）Francisco Lufinha successfully completed a 6,700-kilometer crossing of the Atlantic Ocean on a small boat. His boat was powered only by the sun and wind. He used kites to move the boat and solar power to support lights and other equipment (设备) on the boat. Lufinha set out from Portugal on November 3rd, 2021. The man was not at sea for all that time, however. Five days after he began his trip, Lufinha made a planned stop at the Canary Islands, where he repaired the kite and made some small adjustments (调整) to the boat. Lufinha had to stay longer than planned because of strong winds. He remained there until November 30th. On December 20th of the same year, Lufinha reached the island of Martinique and completed his trip. The man hoped his trip would earn him a place in the Guinness World Records. He also hoped his trip would help people understand the need to protect the ocean. Lufinha made the crossing completely alone in a 7.2-meter-long and 5.6-meter-wide boat. This kind of boat has three long, thin parts, with a small room for sleeping. Lufinha used a hand pump (手动泵) to produce water for drinking and cooking. The pump has a special tool to remove salt from the sea water. “It was a big test for me. I learned a lot. I learned most of all to look at my problems in a different way. I had so many problems all of the time, like kites getting broken. And the only way not to get beat was to think ‘it could be worse’,” Lufinha said. “This way of thinking helped me to get through the difficult crossing hour by hour, day by day, week by week until I reached the destination.” 61．When did Lufinha land on the Canary Islands? A．On November 3rd. B．On November 8th. C．On November 30th. D．On December 20th. 62．Why did Lufinha stay longer on the Canary Islands than planned? A．He met with bad weather conditions. B．He wanted to set a record there. C．He had run out of food and water. D．There was something wrong with his boat. 63．One of the purposes of Lufinha’s journey was ________. A．to become world-famous B．to call for ocean protection C．to test a new kind of kite boat D．to hold his Guinness World Record 64．What does the underlined word “remove” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Get. B．Stop. C．Keep…away. D．Take…away. 65．What can we infer from Lufinha’s words? A．He encouraged people to explore the Atlantic Ocean. B．He was good at solving different problems. C．The trip was a great learning experience. D．The trip won him a lot of attention. 【答案】61．B 62．A 63．B 64．D 65．C 【知识点】其他人、记叙文、个人经历 【导语】本文主要讲述了Francisco Lufinha独自驾驶一艘依靠太阳能和风能驱动的小船横跨大西洋的壮举，以及他此行的目的和途中遇到的挑战。 61．细节理解题。根据“Lufinha set out from Portugal on November 3rd, 2021. ... Five days after he began his trip, Lufinha made a planned stop at the Canary Islands”可知，Lufinha于11月3日出发，5天后，即11月8日抵达加那利群岛。故选B。 62．细节理解题。根据“Lufinha had to stay longer than planned because of strong winds.”可知，他因强风被迫延长停留时间。故选A。 63．细节理解题。根据“He also hoped his trip would help people understand the need to protect the ocean.”可知，他此行的目的之一是呼吁保护海洋。故选B。 64．词义猜测题。根据“Lufinha used a hand pump (手动泵) to produce water for drinking and cooking. The pump has a special tool to remove salt from the sea water.”可知，是指手动泵能够除去海水中的盐分，使得水能够饮用和做饭，划线单词表示“除去”，与take...away近义。故选D。 65．推理判断题。根据“It was a big test for me. I learned a lot. I learned most of all to look at my problems in a different way.”可知，这次航行对他而言是一次重要的学习经历。故选C。 （2024·广东深圳·中考真题）After a 10-year project to count tuna and other large fish in the world's oceans, scientists have made a very surprising discovery: these fish are almost gone. Because of too much fishing, almost 90 percent of the worldwide population of large fish—the ones we usually eat—has disappeared. If we don’t act, these animals will totally disappear. That will influence every animal in the ocean. The demand for fish is growing. Almost a billion people around the world get their protein (蛋白质) mostly from fish. Doctors praise seafood for being low in fat. But what seems like a healthy choice for humans is causing a disaster to our oceans. “People are consuming (消费) too much,” says Lance Morgan, a scientist at the Marine Conservation Biology Institute. A dish of tuna in restaurants costs more than just one animal's life. When fish like tuna disappear from the ecosystem (生态系统), the ocean’s food chain (链) breaks down. Animals such as sharks, which normally eat tuna, may die because they find no food. The news may be scary, but taking action from now on can prevent harm that hasn’t happened yet. World organizations are ordering countries to stop fishing too much. The Monterey Bay Aquarium gives seafood choices to anyone hoping to keep healthy without destroying the environment. “If you care about wildlife, first spend time and think about your own values and beliefs,” says Morgan. “Then decide what you’re going to eat.” 66．How does the writer start the text? A．By giving a fact. B．By asking a question. C．By telling a story. D．By using a saying. 67．What does the underlined word “demand” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Wish. B．Support. C．Need. D．Price. 68．From Paragraph 3, we know that ________. A．if sharks die out, tuna will die out soon B．tuna will be more popular in restaurants C．tuna plays an important role in the ecosystem D．tuna disappeared because they found no food 69．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To tell people to stop polluting our oceans. B．To tell people to protect wildlife in oceans. C．To tell people to avoid eating too much seafood. D．To tell people to live a balanced and healthy life. 70．What does the last paragraph of the article explain ________. A．We need to care about wildlife B．We need to eat wild animals C．We need to reflect on our own values and beliefs D．We don’t want to protect wild animals 【答案】66．A 67．C 68．C 69．B 70．C 【知识点】环境保护、说明文 【导语】本文作者通过科学家10年对金枪鱼的研究数据，向读者说明由于人们对鱼类需求的增加，造成了海洋生态系统的破坏，呼吁人们保护海洋中的野生动物。 66．推理判断题。根据“After a 10-year project to count tuna and other large fish in the world’s oceans, scientists have made a very surprising discovery...”可知，作者根据科学家研究发现事实引入本文内容。故选A。 67．词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句子后面内容“Almost a billion people around the world get their protein (蛋白质) mostly from fish. Doctors praise seafood for being low in fat.”可知，很多人从鱼肉中获取蛋白质，医生也称赞海洋食物低脂肪，推测出因此造成了对鱼类需求的增加。因此，demand意为“需求”，与need同义。故选C。 68．推理判断题。根据“When fish like tuna disappear from the ecosystem (生态系统), the ocean’s food chain (链) breaks down.”可知，金枪鱼在生态系统中起着重要作用。故选C。 69．推理判断题。根据“If we don’t act, these animals will totally disappear.”和“If you care about wildlife, first spend time and think about your own values and beliefs”可知，作者通过本文想要呼吁人们保护海洋中的野生动物。故选B。 70．细节理解题。根据“ ‘If you care about wildlife, first spend time and think about your own values and beliefs,’ says Morgan. ‘Then decide what you’re going to eat.’ ”可知，作者在最后一段表明了我们需要反思我们自己的价值观和信仰，故选C。 （2025·天津南开·二模） During the Tang Dynasty (618—907), Emperor Taizong asked the prime minister Feng Deyi to find talented (有才能的) people. However, several months passed, Feng didn’t find anyone. “I tried my best, but there are not talented people at all,” Feng said. “People are like utensils (器物). What-we need to do is to make good use of their strengths. You should blame (责怪) yourself for not noticing talented people. How could you say that there are not talented people in our country?” said the emperor. It is true that each utensil has a specific (特定的) function. A knife is made to cut things while chopsticks are made to pick up food. We can’t use a knife as a chopstick. Like a utensil, each person has his or her strength. Nobody is perfect. We can’t expect a person to be good at everything. With this idea in mind, Emperor Taizong discovered many talented people of different backgrounds. He gave them important jobs, which helped them make the most of their talents. His talented people helped the society develop and created a “golden age”. 71．How long did Feng Deyi spend finding talented people? A．A few days. B．Several weeks. C．Several months. D．Over a year. 72．Why couldn’t Feng find any talented people? A．He did not like talented people. B．He was not pleased with the emperor. C．There were not talented people in the country. D．His standards for talented people were wrong. 73．Knives and chopsticks are compared to ________ according to the story. A．jobs B．people C．food D．strengths 74．Which of the following was Emperor Taizong’s idea about talented people? A．Each person has a particular strength. B．Talented people should be good at everything. C．Feng Deyi will never be a talented person. D．People of different backgrounds cannot be talented. 75．What does the story mainly want to tell us? A．Chances are always left for those who are ready. B．There are few talented people so it’s hard to find them. C．A good leader should use people’s abilities in the right way. D．The success of a society depends only on the abilities of its leader. 【答案】71．C 72．D 73．B 74．A 75．C 【知识点】哲理感悟、历史人物、记叙文 【导语】本文讲述了唐太宗如何通过正确利用人们的才能，发现并任用不同背景的有才能的人，从而帮助社会发展和创造“黄金时代”的故事。 71．细节理解题。根据“However, several months passed, Feng didn’t find anyone.”可知，冯德义花费了几个月的时间寻找有才能的人。故选C。 72．细节理解题。根据“You should blame (责怪) yourself for not noticing talented people. How could you say that there are not talented people in our country?”可知，冯德义找不到有才能的人是因为他的标准有误，而不是因为国家没有有才能的人。故选D。 73．细节理解题。根据“A knife is made to cut things while chopsticks are made to pick up food. We can’t use a knife as a chopstick. Like a utensil, each person has his or her strength..”可知，刀和筷子被比作人，因为每个人都有其特定的长处。故选B。 74．细节理解题。根据“Like a utensil, each person has his or her strength. Nobody is perfect. We can’t expect a person to be good at everything.”可知，唐太宗认为每个人都有其特定的长处，而不是要求一个人擅长所有事情。故选A。 75．主旨大意题。根据“With this idea in mind, Emperor Taizong discovered many talented people of different backgrounds. He gave them important jobs, which helped them make the most of their talents.”可知，故事主要想告诉我们，一个好的领导者应该以正确的方式利用人们的能力。故选C。 （2025·天津河西·二模）One day, Confucius led his students to the State of Chu. When crossing through a large forest, they saw an old man standing under a tree catching cicadas (蝉) with a bamboo stick. Confucius said, “You are very good at catching cicadas. You must have some special skills.” “That’s right!” the old man answered. “Cicadas are clever little insects (昆虫). If they hear the noise of the leaves in the wind, they will fly away. So people who want to catch cicadas must train their hands to hold a bamboo stick without shaking. If you can place three small balls on top of the bamboo stick without falling off, you might be able to catch cicadas. When five small balls are placed on top without falling off, catching cicadas is as easy as picking a ball up from the ground.” He then added, “But that is not enough. People must be good at hiding themselves. Right now, I am standing under a tree like half of a tree, with my arm reaching out like part of a dry branch (树枝). Last but not least, one must be concentrated. When I am catching cicadas, I only watch the cicadas’ wings. No matter what happens, I will focus on (专注于) the wings.” Hearing this, Confucius turned to his students and said, “No matter what you do, you can only succeed if you love what you are doing and pay enough attention to it. This is what this old man has taught us.” 76．How did the old man catch cicadas? A．by hand B．with a bamboo stick C．with small balls D．with a dry branch 77．How many special skills should people who want to catch cicadas be prepared? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 78．What does the underlined part “be concentrated” mean in paragraph1? A．专心 B．捕捉 C．继续 D．离开 79．What is the right order according to this story? a. They saw an old man catching cicadas.    b. The old man told them some special skills c. Confucius took his students to the State of Chu.    d. Confucius told his students something meaningful. A．a-b-c-d B．c-d-a-b C．c-a-b-d D．a-c-b-d 80．What does the writer mainly want to tell us? A．Whatever you do, you should have some special skills. B．Whatever you do, you should know what you are doing. C．Whatever you do, you can not succeed just by speaking. D．Whatever you do, you should pay enough attention to it. 【答案】76．B 77．B 78．A 79．C 80．D 【知识点】哲理感悟、记叙文 【导语】本文主要讲述了孔子带学生去楚国时，看到一个老人用竹竿抓蝉，并告诉了孔子抓蝉的技巧，孔子借此机会教育他的学生，无论做什么，只有热爱正在做的事情并且给予足够的注意力才能成功。 76．细节理解题。根据“When crossing through a large forest, they saw an old man standing under a tree catching cicadas ( 蝉 ) with a bamboo stick.”可知，老人是用竹竿抓蝉的。故选B。 77．细节理解题。根据“So people who want to catch cicadas must train their hands to hold a bamboo stick without shaking.”“People must be good at hiding themselves.”和“Last but not least, one must be concentrated.”可知，想抓蝉的人必须训练他们的手拿着竹竿不摇晃，而且必须善于隐藏自己，最后还要集中注意力，即一共需要三个技巧。故选B。 78．词句猜测题。根据“Last but not least, one must be concentrated. When I am catching cicadas, I only watch the cicadas’ wings. No matter what happens, I will focus on (专注于) the wings.”可知，抓蝉时只看蝉的翅膀，不管发生什么事，都要专注于翅膀，因此划线部分意为“专心”。故选A。 79．细节理解题。根据文章内容可知，孔子带学生去楚国，他们看到一个老人用竹竿抓蝉，老人告诉他们抓蝉的技巧，孔子告诉他的学生一些有意义的话。故选C。 80．主旨大意题。根据“No matter what you do, you can only succeed if you love what you are doing and pay enough attention to it.”可知，作者主要想告诉我们无论做什么，只有热爱正在做的事情并且给予足够的注意力才能成功。故选D。 （2025·天津和平·二模）Whether you’re telling someone how to get to your house or guiding a stranger to a local museum, you should know how to give good directions. Giving directions, though, is harder than just telling someone how to get to a certain location. Let’s learn how to guide others better. First, instead of directing a person from beginning to end, think of it as directing him from landmark (地标) to landmark. And mention important and hard-to-miss landmarks. These will give the person an idea of the progress he’s making and also let the person know if he’s still on the path you advised him to take. If you can’t describe the route (路线) clearly in words, draw a map. A map allows the person to imagine where he’s going. You can also include details (细节), such as the location of landmarks, on your map. Also, the map can give the person something to hold on to so he won’t forget your directions. Although it might be convenient to give someone directions to your favorite shortcut (近路), it could do more harm than good. Instead, give the simplest directions. This will reduce the chance of the person getting lost. When considering the simplest route, choose ones with fewer turns, even if the person takes a bit longer, or pick routes where the person can stay on one road for a long time. Avoid suggesting routes you haven’t personally taken. Finally, don’t rush when giving directions. Take time to explain important details, such as possible dangers. If you don’t speak slowly or clearly, the person may miss an important piece of information. At the same time, avoid using words, phrases, or names that only locals know. Any example you use should be recognizable (可辨认的) to someone from outside your community. 81．John must mention ______ when using landmarks to guide others. A．the color of each landmark B．the time of arrival at the place C．the main landmarks along the way D．the distance between each landmark 82．What kind of route should you suggest according to Paragraph 4? A．The simplest one. B．The shortest one. C．The one you like best. D．The one with more turns. 83．Why shouldn’t you rush while providing directions? A．It’s not polite to do that. B．It is dangerous to do that. C．You must explain every detail. D．That can lead to unclear directions. 84．Which of the following should not be used when you guide a stranger? A．Drive north on Renmin Road. B．Turn right after Joe’s old house. C．Turn left at the first traffic light. D．Go straight until you see a McDonald’s. 85．In which part of a magazine can we probably read the passage? A．Travel. B．Health. C．Culture. D．Education. 【答案】81．C 82．A 83．D 84．B 85．A 【知识点】方法/策略、问路、说明文 【导语】本文主要介绍了如何更好地给他人指引方向。 81．细节理解题。根据“And mention important and hard-to-miss landmarks.”可知，使用地标指引他人时要提及重要且不易错过的地标，也就是沿途的主要地标，故选C。 82．细节理解题。根据“Instead, give the simplest directions.”可知，应该建议最简单的路线，故选A。 83．细节理解题。根据“If you don’t speak slowly or clearly, the person may miss an important piece of$