Unit 1 现在完成时核心语法 &专项练习 2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册

译林版英语八年级下册 Unit 1现在完成时核心语法精讲&专项练习 1. 现在完成时的构成 现在完成时由“主语 + have/has + 动词的过去分词”构成。 1)肯定句:主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他。 例句:I have seen the film. (我看过这部电影了。) 2)否定句:主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 + 其他。(have not 常缩写为 haven‘t,has not 常缩写为 hasn’t) 例句:He has not finished his homework yet. (他还没完成作业。) 3)一般疑问句:Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他? 肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + have/has. 否定回答:No, 主语 + haven‘t/hasn’t. 例句:Have you eaten Beijing Roast Duck? Yes, I have. (你吃过北京烤鸭吗?是的,我吃过。) 2. 现在完成时的两种主要用法 理解现在完成时的关键在于掌握它的两种核心用法 用法 含义 关键词 例句 用法一:影响性 表示过去发生的动作或状态,对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。强调 “影响”,而非动作本身发生的时间 already,yet,ever,never,just,before I have lost my key.(我把钥匙丢了。 影响是:现在进不了门。) 用法二:持续性 表示过去开始的动作或状态,一直持续到现在,并且可能还会继续下去 for + 一段时间,since + 过去的时间点 / 从句 My sister has learnt English for 3 years.(我妹妹学英语三年了。 三年前开始,一直学到现在。) 3. 常见的时间标志词 现在完成时通常与以下几类表示“不确定时间”或“持续一段时间”的词连用: 1)副词类: already(已经), yet(尚,未), ever(曾经), never(从不), just(刚刚), recently(最近), before(以前)。 2)持续类: for + 时间段:表示动作持续了多长时间。 (e.g., for two years) since + 过去的时间点/一般过去时的从句:表示动作从过去某个时间开始。 (e.g., since 2020, since I moved here) 3)包括现在的时间状语:so far(到目前为止), in the past/last few years(在过去的几年里), up to now(直到现在), today, this week/month 等。 小提示:already 常用于肯定句,yet 常用于否定句和疑问句句末。 4. 易混辨析:现在完成时 vs. 一般过去时 这是本单元最关键的考点,务必要分清: 1)现在完成时:强调过去的动作与现在的联系(影响或持续)。 2)一般过去时:仅陈述过去发生的事实,与现在无关,常与具体的过去时间状语(yesterday, last year, three days ago)连用。 对比看更清晰: A:I have seen the film. (现在完成时) 我已经看过这部电影了。(强调:我知道剧情,现在不想再看了。) B:I saw the film yesterday. (一般过去时) 我昨天看了这部电影。(只陈述昨天做的事,不涉及现在感受。) 5. 两个易混短语 1)have/has been to:表示“去过某地(已经回来)”。 (e.g., She has been to Shanghai. 她去上海了。 人现在不在上海) 2)have/has gone to:表示“去了某地(还没回来)”。 (e.g., He has gone to Nanjing. 他去南京了。 人不在这里) 6. 动词过去分词的变化规则 动词的过去分词分规则和不规则两种: 1)规则变化:和动词过去式的规则变化基本一致,如 work-worked-worked, live-lived-lived, study-studied-studied, stop-stopped-stopped。 2) 不规则变化:需要专门记忆(见课本最后一页的不规则动词表),常见的有 see-saw-seen, eat-ate-eaten, go-went-gone 学习小建议 这部分内容理解起来不难,但运用是难点。建议你: 1.重点突破:反复体会“影响性”和“持续性”这两种用法。 2.加强辨析:多做现在完成时和一般过去时的对比练习。 3.背诵不规则动词:这是写好句子的基础,可以利用零碎时间每天背几个。 译林版英语八年级下册 Unit 1现在完成时 语法专项练习卷 (时间:40分钟 满分:100分) 考点一:动词过去分词变化 (基础巩固) (共10题,每题2分,共20分) 考点说明:本部分考查规则动词及不规则动词的过去分词形式,要求准确写出下列动词的过去分词。 1. work _ 2. live _ 3. stop _ 4. study _ 5. have / has _ 6. eat _ 7. see _ 8. go _ 9. come _ 10. leave _ 考点二:现在完成时的构成 (基础巩固) (共5题,每题3分,共15分) 考点说明:本部分考查现在完成时的基本结构 (have/has + 过去分词) 及否定句、疑问句的变法。请按要求改写句子。 肯定句变否定句: 11. I have seen the film already. I _ _ the film _. 12. 改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答: My father has been to Beijing twice. _ your father _ to Beijing twice? Yes, _ _. 13. 对划线部分提问: He has lived here since 2020. _ _ has he lived here? 14. 改为一般疑问句,并作否定回答: They have finished their homework. _ they _ their homework? No, _ _. 15. 肯定句变否定句: She has already cooked dinner. She _ _ dinner _. 考点三:时间标志词 (语境应用) (共10题,每题2分,共20分) 考点说明:本部分考查与现在完成时连用的常见标志词 (already, yet, ever, never, just, for, since, before, so far等)。请用所给词的适当形式填空,注意标志词的提示。 16. I have _ (eat) breakfast. I‘m not hungry now. (already / yet) 17. Have you _ (see) that new movie? (ever / never) 18. He hasn’t finished the work _. (already / yet) 19. We have learned about 2,000 English words _. (so far / last year) 20. My cousin _ (live) in Shanghai since he was five. 21. They have waited here _ two hours. (for / since) 22. I’m sorry, I have _ (break) your cup. (just / yet) 23. She has _ (be) to the Palace Museum twice. (never / before 选一个填入使其通顺) 24. This is the most interesting book I have _ (read). 25. —Is your father in? —No, he has _ (go) to work. He left ten minutes ago. 考点四:易混辨析 (have been to vs. have gone to) (共5题,每题3分,共15分) 考点说明:本部分考查“去过某地(已回)”与“去了某地(未回)”的辨析。请用 have/has been to 或 have/has gone to 的适当形式填空。 26. —Hello, may I speak to Jim? —Sorry, he isn’t in. He _ the library. 27. I _ Shanghai twice. It’s a beautiful city. 28. My parents aren’t at home. They _ my grandparents. They will be back tomorrow. 29. —_ you ever _ the Great Wall? —Yes, I went there last year. 30. Look! The students are all here. Nobody _ the classroom. 考点五:易混辨析 (现在完成时 vs. 一般过去时) (综合提升) (共10题,每题2分,共20分) 考点说明:本部分考查现在完成时(强调与现在的联系)与一般过去时(强调过去的动作)的根本区别。请用所给动词的正确时态填空。 31. I _ (finish) my homework an hour ago. 32. I _ (finish) my homework already. I can play games now. 33. My uncle _ (live) in Nanjing in 2018. 34. My uncle _ (live) in Nanjing for five years. 35. —_ you _ (see) the film “Hi, Mom”? —Yes, I _ (see) it last weekend. 36. My grandfather _ (buy) this house in 1980. 37. My grandfather _ (have) this house for over 40 years. 38. —Where is Tom? —He _ (go) to the teacher’s office. 39. I _ (not hear) from my cousin since he _ (move) to Canada. 40. In the past, people _ (not have) computers. Now our life _ (change) a lot. 考点六:语篇填空 (综合运用) (共5空,每空2分,共10分) 考点说明:本部分考查在语篇中综合运用现在完成时及相关标志词的能力。请根据上下文和括号内的提示填空。 Dear Mike, How is everything going? I (41) _ (not hear) from you for a long time. Recently great changes (42) _ (take place) in my hometown. The government (43) _ (build) a new library in the centre of the town. I (44) _ (be) there twice. It is really modern. My friends and I often read there. By the way, (45) _ you ever _ (read) any books about science? I am very interested in it now. Please write back soon. Yours, Li Hua 参考答案与解析 (建议做完后再核对) 考点一: 1. worked 2. lived 3. stopped 4. studied 5. had 6. eaten 7. seen 8. gone 9. come 10. left 考点二: 11. haven’t seen; yet 12. Has; been; he has 13. How long 14. Have; finished; they haven‘t 15. hasn’t cooked; yet 考点三: 16. eaten (already提示完成时) 17. seen (ever用于疑问句) 18. yet (否定句用yet) 19. so far (到目前为止,与完成时连用) 20. has lived (since提示完成时) 21. for (for + 时间段) 22. broken (just刚刚,完成时标志) 23. been (before用于完成时句末) 24. read (ever read曾经读过) 25. gone (has gone to表示人不在) 考点四: 26. has gone to 27. have been to 28. have gone to 29. Have; been to 30. has gone to 考点五: 31. finished (an hour ago 过去时间) 32. have finished (already 强调影响) 33. lived (in 2018 过去时间) 34. has lived (for five years 持续到现在) 35. Have; seen; saw (第一句问经历,第二句具体过去时间) 36. bought (in 1980 过去时间) 37. has had (for 40 years 持续到现在,buy是瞬间动词要换成have) 38. has gone (人不在这里) 39. haven‘t heard; moved (since从句用一般过去时,主句用完成时) 40. didn’t have; has changed (in the past过去时间;now强调现在影响) 考点六: 41. haven't heard (for a long time 完成时标志) 42. have taken place (recently 最近,完成时标志) 43. has built (动作已完成,对现在有影响) 44. have been (表示去过已回) 45. Have; read (询问经历,ever提示) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $