专题03 动词时态&语态(复习讲义)(广东专用)2026年中考英语二轮复习讲练测

2026-03-16
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 九年级
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 谓语动词的时态,被动语态
使用场景 中考复习-二轮专题
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 广东省
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 1.71 MB
发布时间 2026-03-16
更新时间 2026-03-16
作者 25782659
品牌系列 上好课·二轮讲练测
审核时间 2026-03-16
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来源 学科网

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专题03 动词时态和语态(复习讲义) 目 录 01 析·考情目标 02 筑·专题框架 03 攻·重难考点 真题动向 核心提炼 易错警示/技巧点拨 考点一 一般现在时 考点二 一般过去时 考点三 一般将来时 考点四 现在进行时 考点五 过去进行时 考点六 现在完成时 考点七 被动语态 04 测· 预测闯关 命题透视 1.从近5年广东中考命题形式上看,动词的时态和语态考查主要出现在语法选择、短文填空中。 2.从命题内容上看,要考查时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时)以及一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态。 热考角度 考点 题型 考频 考查内容 一般现在时 短文填空 5年3考 ①2025年(1.5分):enjoys ②2024年(1.5分):believe ③2021年(1.5分):call 一般过去时 语法选择 5年2考 ①2024年(1分):got ②2022年(1分):told 短文填空 5年2考 ①2023年(1.5分):cleaned ②2021年(1.5分):worked 一般将来时 语法选择 5年1考 2021年(1分):will bring 现在进行时 语法选择 5年1考 2023年(1分):is studying 现在完成时 语法选择 5年1考 2025年(1分):has invented 短文填空 5年3考 ①2024年(1.5分):has grown ②2022年(1.5分):has become ③2022年(1.5分):has written 被动语态 语法选择 5年5考 ①2025年(1分):was allowed ②2024年(1分):is given ③2023年(1分):were invited ④2022年(1分):were asked ⑤2021年(1分):were invited 命题预测 从近5年广东省中考英语的情况来看,动词的时态是高频考点。学生要注意掌握动词的变化形式和熟练使用初中课标要求学习的6种动词的时态,包括一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时和现在完成时。做题时,学生要根据实际情况选择合适的时态。语态主要考查一般现在时的被动语态、一般过去时的被动语态等。虽然目前没有考查过一般现在时态、过去进行时态、一般将来时态的被动语态,但考生也不能轻视,要掌握它们的用法。 考点一 一般现在时 1.(2025·广东省卷·中考真题·短文填空节选) Mike (enjoy) seeing these moments. 2.(2024·广东省卷·中考真题·短文填空节选)As biking has become a lifestyle, experts (believe)that this biking craze will continue. 核心1、动词第三人称单数变化规则 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 直接加-s read→reads love→loves 以s,o,x,ch,sh结尾 加-es pass→passes box→boxes teach→teaches wash→washes 以辅音字母 + y结尾 将y变为i,再加-es carry→carries study→studies 不规则变化 have→has be→am/is/are 核心2、一般现在时的构成与用法 构成 1.谓语动词为be动词:主语+am/is/are+n./adj.(+其他) 2.谓语动词为实义动词:主语+动词原形/第三人称单数(+其他) 用法 例子 表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的副词连用。常用的频度副词有:always, often, usually,sometimes,seldom,hardly,never,once a week等。频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前,系动词、助动词之后 He often goes swimming in summer. 他夏天经常游泳。 表示现在存在的状态 My father is at work. He is very busy. 我父亲在工作。他很忙。 表示主语的爱好,具备的性格、特征和能力等 The boy is twelve. 这男孩十二岁。 Ann does not speak English well. 安的英语说得不好。 表示客观真理、客观存在或自然现象 The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 主将从现,在时间或条件状语从句中,用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作 If he comes back, I will talk with him. 如果他回来,我会和他谈谈。 1.My father ________ TV every evening. A.watch B.watches C.watched D.is watching 2.Tony will begin to do his homework as soon as he ________ home. A.got B.gets C.is getting D.has got 3.There _________ a robot dog in the airport to help with the work now. A.is B.are C.was D.were 4.Space Day of China ________ on April 24 every year. A.falls B.fell C.has fallen D.is falling 5.A fantail goldfish ________ about four kilos. A.weigh B.weighs C.weighes D.weight 考点二 一般过去时 1.(2025·广东省广州卷·中考真题·语法选择) a fire in me that burned for the deep blue. A.There was B.There were C.There is D.There are 2. (2024·广东省卷·中考真题·语法选择)When he turned seven, he 1 £7 a week. A.gets B.got C.will get 3.(2025·广东省广州卷·中考真题·短文填空)Some artists p 3 bright and lovely pictures. 4.(2024·广东省广州卷·中考真题·短文填空)He d 3 to learn this art because he thought it was a great way to tell stories of Chinese culture 核心1、动词过去式的规则变化: 规则变化 原形 过去式及-ed/-d的发音 一般直接加-ed -ed在清辅音后读/t/, 在浊辅音及元音后读/d,/-ed在/t//d/后读/id/ watch stay want watched /t/ stayed /d/ wanted /ɪd/ 以e结尾的动词,加-d love loved /d/ 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,变y为i加-ed cry cried /d/ 以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要双写这个辅音字母再加-ed plan stop planned /d/ stopped /t/ 核心2、动词过去式的不规则变化: 类型 示例 类型 示例 A-B-C型 go→went→gone A-B-B型 bring→brought→brought A-B-A型 become→became→become A-A-A型 cut→cut→cut 核心3、一般过去时的基本结构: 核心3、一般过去时的用法: 用法 例子 表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday,last week, an hour ago, just now, the other day,in 1982等连用。在一般过去时的句子中,要表达“过多少时间之后”,一般用after。 Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了? After a few years, she started to play the piano. 几年后,她开始弹钢琴。 表示在过去,经常或反复发生的动作。常与often,always等表示频度的副词连用。 When I was a child, I often played football. 当我是个孩子的时候,我常在街上踢足球。 1.Last week an engineer successfully ________ my grandfather’s old camera. A.repair B.repaired C.is repairing D.has repaired 2.Ariel ________ every night for a week before her Chinese test and got a very good grade. A.studied B.studies C.has studied D.was going to study 3.Mr. Smith ________ an interesting talk on his visit to China at the meeting last night. A.gives B.gave C.will give D.has given 4.Tom ________ his eyes on the book, but he didn’t read a word. A.keep B.keeps C.kept D.keeping 考点三 一般将来时 结构 用法 例子 (1)be going to 结构 · 陈述句:主语+am/is/are(not)going to + 动词 · 一 般 疑 问 句: Am / I s / A r e + 主 语 + going t o + 动词原形+其他? (2)will/shall结构 · 陈述句: 主语+will / s h a l l ( n o t ) + 动 词 原 形 + 其 他 · 一般疑问句: W i l / S h a l l + 主 语 + 动 词 原 形 +其他? 注意:shall只用于第一人称I和we 表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。 We will come to visit you next month. 下个月我们将来拜访你。 be going to 表示现在已有迹象表明即将发生某事。 Look at the dark clouds. I think it is going to rain. 看那些乌云,我觉得要下雨了。 在含有时间状语从句或条件状语从句的复合句中,主句是一般将来时,从句用一般现在时代替将来时,即“主将从现”。 We will go to the park if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. 如果天不下雨,我们将要去公园。 标志词:tomorrow,next day/week/month/year...,soon,the day after tomorrow,in the future,in+时间段等。 注意: will还可表示对将来的预测。be going to还可表示“决心;打算”。 例句: What will the weather be like tomorrow? 明天天气怎么样? I am going to pass the exam this term. 这学期我决心通过考试。 1.—We ________ a trip to Kunming in three weeks. —What exciting news! I love that city. A.had B.didn’t have C.are going to have D.aren’t going to have 2.There ________ a robot show in Sunshine Town next week. A.is going to be B.is going to have C.will have D.are going to be 3.We ________a party to celebrate the Spring Festival next week. A.had B.have C.are having D.will have 4.—________ we go fishing this afternoon? —Sure. It ________ be sunny. A.Shall; shall B.Will; won’t C.Will; shall D.Shall; will 考点四 现在进行时 (2023·广东省卷·中考真题·语法选择)Now David space science. A.study B.is studying C.was studying 结构 用法 例子 (1)肯定句: 主语+am/is/are+现在分词+其他 (2)否定句: 主语+am not/isn't/aren’t+ 现在分词+其他 (3)一般疑问句: A m / I s / A r e + 主语+现在分词+其他? 表示此刻正在进行的动作。 Tom is doing his homework now. 汤姆正在写作业。 表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。 I am reading this book these days. 这些天我正在读这本书。 在while(当······的时候)引导的时间状语从句中,谓语动词常用现在进行时。 While he is watching TV, it starts to rain heavily. 他正在看电视的时候, 天开始下大雨了。 有些表示位置移动的词(go, come, leave, arrive, start, begin等),可用现在进行时表示将要发生的或安排好的事情。 We are leaving for Shanghai this Friday. 这个周五我们要动身去上海。 现在进行时与always连用,含有赞扬、批评等感情色彩。 She is always helping others. 她总是乐于助人。 标志词:now,at the moment,these days等;“Look!”“Listen!”等提示句。 1.Look! The students ________ an experiment in the science lab. A.do B.are doing C.were doing D.have done 2.We ________ to the museum this afternoon. Let’s meet at the school gate. A.go B.went C.are going D.have gone 3.As we know, things like that ________ all over the world every day. A.happens B.are happened C.are happening D.will be happened 4.—Will Tom take a trip with his parents? —Yes. They ________  for the US. A.are leaving B.left C.leaves D.leave 考点五 过去进行时 结构 用法 例子 (1)肯定句: 主语+was/were+现在分词+其他 (2)否定句: 主语+wasn't/weren't +现在分词+其他 (3)一般疑问句: W a s / W e r e + 主语+现在分词+其他? 表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态。 They were planting trees in the park this time last month. 上个月这个时候,他们正在公园里种树。 表示过去某个时间段内正在进行的动作或存在的状态。 What were you doing in those days?那些日子你在做什么? 表示过去两个动作同时进行,用while连接。 I was doing my homework while my mother was watching TV.我在做作业的时候,妈妈在看电视。 表示在过去某个动作发生时,另一个动作正在进行(此时常与 when,while,as引导的时间状语从句连用)。 While my mother was cooking in the kitchen,the doorbell rang.我妈妈正在厨房做饭的时候,门铃响了。 标志词:at that time/moment,all night,then,(at)this time yesterday,at ten last night等。 1.The children ________ TV while their mother ________ in the kitchen. A.watched; cooked B.were watching; was cooking C.watch; cooks D.are watching; is cooking 2.—Did you notice him come in? —No. I ________ a football match on TV. A.watch B.watched C.will watch D.was watching 3.He ________ TV when his mother came back home yesterday evening. A.watch B.watches C.was watching D.watched 考点六 现在完成时 1.(2025·广东省卷·中考真题·语法选择)So far, she 9 many dishes with special tastes. All these dishes are popular with customers. A.invents B.will invent C.has invented 2.(2024年广东省深圳市·中考真题·短文填空)Ole is a student from Norway at East China Normal School. He first visited China in 2016, and since then, he 1 (develop) a deep interest in traditional Chinese culture. 3.(2024·广东省卷·中考真题·短文填空)But since her hometown hosted the Asian Games in 2023, her interest in sports has 3 (grow) a lot. 结构 用法 例子 (1)肯定句: 主语+has/have+过去分词+其他 (1)否定句: 主语+ hasn’t/haven’t +过去分词+其他 (1)一般疑问句: H a s / H a v e + 主 语 +过去分词+其他? 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 I have already seen the film.我已经看过这部电影了。 表示动作或行为开始于过去,一直持续到现在,且还有可能持续下去。 My grandparents have lived here since 2002. 从2002年起,我的祖父母一直住在这里。 标志词:already, yet, ever, never, recently/lately, so far, in the past/last few days/weeks/ months/years..., over the years, for +时间段,since+时间点/一般过去时的句子等。 (1)一般过去时和现在完成时的区别 ①一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,与现在无关。 ②现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调现在的情况。 如:He was a doctor ten years ago. 十年前他是一名医生。 He has been a doctor for ten years. 他当医生十年了。 (2)延续性动词与非延续性动词 非延续性动词表示短暂性动作,没有持续性,即“一发生就结束”,如果跟表示一段时间的状语(for+时间段,since+时间点,how long等)连用,应转换为延续性动词。 常用非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换如下: 非延续性动词 buy borrow begin/start finish die leave 延续性动词 have keep be on be over be dead be away 非延续性动词 join marry open/close come/go 延续性动词 be(in) be married be open/closed be here/there 如:He has already left his hometown.(非延续性动词) He has been away from his hometown for three years.(延续性动词) ①since/for since+时间点/一般过去时的句子; for +时间段。 ②already/yet already 用于肯定句,常用于句中; yet用于否定句和疑问句,常用于句末。 ③have been to/have gone to/ have been in have been to→“去过某地” (表示去过,人现已回来),常与ever,never等词连用。 have gone to→“去了某地” (表示去了某地,人还未回来),只能用于第三人称。 have been in→“待在某地” (强调从过去到现在一直待在某地),常与一段时间连用。 ④in the past/in the past+数词+时间单位 in the past 多用于一般过去时; in the past+数词+时间单位(如in the past few/three years)多用于现在完成时。 1.The air in our city ________ a lot recently. We can enjoy a cleaner environment now. A.improves B.improved C.has improved D.will improve 2.There ________ great changes in our hometown since the late 1970s. A.are B.were C.has been D.have been 3.—Where is Mr. Zhao? —He ________ to Mount Fanjing. He’ll come back ________ a week. A.have been, in B.has gone, after C.has gone, in D.has been, after 4.—Are you a soccer player in your school? —Yes, I ________ the team two years ago. I ________ in the team for two years. A.have joined; have been B.have joined; am C.joined; was D.joined; have been 5.—How long ________ you ________ this pen? —Only one day. I ________ it yesterday. A.have bought, bought B.have had, bought C.did buy, have bought D.have been, had 6.—How many times ________ you ________ to Beijing this year? —Three times. A.have, been B.had, been C.have, gone D.had, gone 7.—Your room looks so clean! Have you ________ cleaned your room? —No, I haven’t cleaned it ________. A.yet; yet B.already; already C.already; yet D.yet; already 8.— How long have you ________ this book about Chinese attractions? — For two weeks. A.bought B.borrowed C.kept D.lent 9.— ________ have you grown taller? — For about two years. A.How soon B.How long C.How often D.How much 10.—Do you know ________? —For about three years. A.how long has he been a volunteer B.how long he has been a volunteer C.how long he was a volunteer D.how long was he a volunteer 考点七 被动语态 1.(2025·广东省广州卷·中考真题·语法选择) It was a shark! I had never seen such a big one in the wild. I 10 by fear. A.catch B.caught C.am caught D.was caught 2.(2025·广东省卷·中考真题·语法选择)When she was older, she 3 to do easy tasks like beating eggs. A.is allowed B.was allowed C.was allowing 3.(2024·广东省卷·中考真题·语法选择)When he turned seven, he got £7 a week. Now at the age of fifteen, he 2 £15 every week. A.gives B.is given C.is giving 4.(2024·广东省广州卷·中考真题·语法选择)One reason is that the penguin eggs 11 by seabirds and other animals. A.eat B.ate C.are eating D.are eaten 5.(2023·广东省卷·中考真题·语法选择)At the age of seven, David had his first astronaut (宇航员) training experience. He and his parents 3 to a Family Space Camp. A.invited B.are invited C.were invited 核心1、被动语态的概念 动词有两种语态:主动语态(Active Voice)和被动语态(Passion Voice),当主语是动作的执行者时,谓语动词用主动语态;当主语是动作的承受者,谓语动词用被动语态。 核心2、主动语态和被动语态的转换 核心3、主动语态和被动语态的转换 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时: 主语+am/is/are+动词过去分词 Does he speak English? Is English spoken by him? 一般过去时: 主语+was/were+动词过去分词 He wrote many stories last year. Many stories were written by him last year. 一般将来时: 主语+shall/will be+动词过去分词 They will do their homework tomorrow. Their homework will be done tomorrow. 含有情态动词: 主语+情态动词+be+动词过去分词 She must return the book to the library soon. The book must be returned to the library soon. ①系动词如 look, smell, sound,feel,seem,taste等,没有被动语态。 例句:The skirt looks good on you.你穿这条短裙很好看。 ②不及物动词(短语)如happen,cost,remain,rise,take place,come true,break out等,没有被动语态。 例句:The school sports meeting will take place next Friday.学校运动会将于下周五举行。 ③某些动词后接动名词,用主动表被动,如need,want,require,worth等。 例句:This room needs cleaning(=needs to be cleaned) because it's too dirty. 这个房间需要打扫,因为太脏了。 This novel is worth reading (=worth being read).这本小说值得一读。 ④部分动词常与well,easily,badly,smoothly等副词连用,用主动表被动,用于说明主语的性质及特征,如cut,sell,wash,write等。 例句:The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写字很流畅。 The new smart phone sells very well. 这款新的智能手机卖得很好。 ⑤不及物动词+介词/副词”构成的动词短语变为被动语态时,其中的介词或副词不能省略。 例句:The patient is taken good care of by the nurse. 病人被护士照顾得很好。 ⑥主语+动词(感官动词/使役动词)+宾语+宾补,变为被动语态时:主语+be done+to do 例句: 主动语态:The teacher made the students repeat the sentence. 老师让学生们重复这个句子。 被动语态:The students were made to repeat the sentence(by the teacher).学生们被(老师)要求重复这个句子。 被动语态的常用短语及句型: ① be made f 由······制成(能看出原料) ② be made from 由······制成(看不出原料) ③ be made in/by 在······制成/被······制作 ④ be known as/for作为/因为······而闻名 ⑤ be filled with 被······充满 ⑥ be covered with 被······覆盖 ⑦ be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 ⑧ It’s said/reported/known/believed that...据说/据报道/众所周知/人们相信····· 1.The Grand Canal (大运河) is well worth _______ because it has a long history. A.to visiting B.to visit C.visiting D.visit 2.So far, a lot of students ________ by their teachers to develop their own hobbies. A.encourage B.encouraged C.have encouraged D.have been encouraged 3.The car ________ by my father yesterday evening. A.washes B.is washed C.was washed D.washing 4.It is reported that a new park ________ to the public next year. A.will open B.will be opened C.is opened D.opens 5.In order to make our city more beautiful, more trees and flowers ________ every year. A.will plant B.should plant C.be planted D.should be planted 6.Many changes ________ in our town over the last 20 years. A.took place B.have taken place C.were taken place D.have been taken place 7.Frank was made ________ in front of the classroom to share his opinions about English learning. A.stand B.stood C.to stand D.standing 8.The room needs ________. A.clean B.to clean C.cleaning D.cleaned 9.We have heard of that writer. The novels written by her________ so well that they________ out in all the shops. A.are sold; are sold B.are sold; sold C.sell; are sold D.are sold; sell 10.This kind of glass ________ hard but ________ easily. A.feels, breaks B.is felt, breaks C.feels, is broken D.is felt, is broken 一、单项选择 1.Mother’s Day is coming. They ________ a gift for their mother. A.buy B.have bought C.are going to buy D.were buying 2.—Where’s Steve these days? —He’s not in town. He ________ to Shanghai for a business meeting. A.will go B.is going C.has gone D.has been 3.The old man _______ for ten years. A.died B.has died C.has been dead D.has been died 4.—Where is Grace? —I’m not sure. Maybe she ________ her baseball lesson. A.had B.was having C.is having D.will have 5.People ________ if they cut down the trees. A.will punish B.will be punished C.were punished D.are punished 6.My father ______ to work by bike every day, but yesterday he ______ by bus because of the rain. A.goes; went B.goes; goes C.went; went D.went; goes 7.The boy bumped into a young man when he ________ around the corner. A.walked B.was walking C.is walking D.walks 8.Alex did not feel the light earthquake this morning. He ________ in the park at the time. A.jogged B.was jogging C.has jogged D.would jog 9.If traditional craftsmen get better support, they ________ more beautiful works of art. A.will create B.have created C.are creating D.created 10.—Look! How clean the classroom is! —Yes. I’m sure someone ________ it up. A.cleans B.is cleaning C.will clean D.has cleaned 11.Mr Thomas, a famous doctor, _______ in Hangzhou since ten years ago. A.works B.was working C.worked D.has worked 12.So far, the number of Chinese internet users _________ to 1.1 billion. A.increases B.increased C.will increase D.has increased 13.Please line up over there and the tour ________ in five minutes. A.begin B.begins C.began D.will begin 14.According to the weather report, there ________ a heavy rain in the next 24 hours. A.will have B.is going to be C.has D.was 15.—How nice these flowers are! —So they are! That lady ______ care of them whenever she has time. A.took B.is taking C.will take D.takes 16.—I haven’t seen your brother for a long time. Where is he? —He ______ in Beijing. He ______ there for three years. A.works; works B.works; has worked C.worked; worked D.worked; has worked 17.It’s reported that another big shopping center ________ here next year. A.will open B.opened C.opens D.is open 18.—It takes me nearly two hours on the way to work. It makes me very upset. —Don’t worry. It will become much more convenient when the underground ________ next year. A.builds B.will build C.is built D.will be built 19.—How long is it since he ________ his hometown? —He ________ for nearly 10 years. A.left; left B.has left; has left C.has left; has been away D.left; has been away 20.—I wonder if Li Hua ______ to the party tomorrow. —I think she will come if she ______ free. A.comes; is B.will come; is C.comes; will be D.will come; will be 21.—When is the school sports meeting? —It will be held on time if it ________ next Friday. A.isn’t rain B.won’t rain C.doesn’t rain D.hasn’t rain 22.I know the early bird ______ the worm, but I don’t want to get up early. A.catch B.catches C.caught D.catching 23.The hard life she is used to _________ her become older. But she looks very healthy. A.making B.be made C.makes D.make 24.—Do you like swimming, Jack? —Yes, I do. Swimming regularly ________ my heart healthy and helps me stay energetic, so I make it a weekly habit. A.is keeping B.keeps C.was keeping D.kept 25.She ________ going out for a walk after dinner. A.enjoyed B.has enjoyed C.enjoys D.is enjoying 二、单词拼写 1.I can’t hear you. I _____________ (listen) to an English speech. 2.She often ________ (go) to school by bike. 3.Some people will _______________ (success) in their efforts to stop smoking. 4.Look! The farmers are _________ apples on the farm. (pick) 5.Kevin ___________ (have) online classes now. 6.I ____________ (visit) the Sunshine Footbridge twice. It looks more fantastic at night. 7.Look! The children ____________ (lie) on the grass beside Tian Ma River Park. 8.Helping others ________ (make) me feel happy. 9.Plants ________ (provide) great support for nature over millions of years. 10.Our personal information ________ (steal) if we are not careful enough on the Internet. 11.Jessica _________ (study) hard for her Chinese test and got good grades. 12.So far, he ____________ (make) quite a few friends here. 13.She hasn’t ________ (eat) anything since morning. 14.Our teacher told us that light ________ (travel) faster than sound last term. 15.It’s been three years since we last ________ (see) our primary school classmates. 三、语法选择 (一) 请通读下面短文,掌握其大意,根据语法和上下文连贯的要求,从每小题 所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 Human progress 1 by great inventions throughout history. The wheel, 2 around 3500 BC, completely changed transportation and farming, making work much easier. In modern times, the Internet 3 one of the most important inventions, connecting billions of people. It allows people all over the world 4 information quickly and learn new things every day. Meanwhile, scientists 5 on many amazing projects now. Some 6 ways to use 3D printing for building houses, which could help create homes faster. Others 7 about space exploration and the chance to find other planets. The James Webb Space Telescope, 8 in 2021, has already sent back incredible images of space that amaze everyone. However, new technology sometimes brings problems along with its benefits. We must be careful 9 AI tools because they might replace some jobs and affect our daily lives. Therefore, governments need to make rules 10 new inventions are used safely and responsibly. With proper management, future discoveries will continue to improve our lives and make the world better. 1.A.has been shaped B.shaped C.was shaping 2.A.inventing B.invented C.was invented 3.A.becomes B.become C.has become 4.A.share B.to share C.sharing 5.A.work B.are working C.worked 6.A.develop B.are developing C.developed 7.A.excited B.excite C.are excited 8.A.launching B.launch C.launched 9.A.with B.at C.for 10.A.so that B.because C.when (二) 请通读下面短文,掌握其大意,根据语法和上下文连贯的要求,从每小题 所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 At just 14 years old, Ryan Hickman, a student from a US high school, has made big news with his beach clean-up partners. On April 20, a five-week activity 1 by Ryan and many members from a volunteer group. 2 goal was to pick up rubbish from five beaches along the Southern California coast and some in Mexico. “The rubbish goes into the ocean, and sea animals eat it 3 accident,” Ryan told a local newspaper. “Picking up one piece of rubbish 4 save a turtle’s life, because every little thing we do can protect sea animals.” Since 2012, he and his helpers 5 around 2 million bottles and cans from beaches, lakes and rivers. And they stick to this 6 work all the time. Ryan first learned about 7 pollution did harm to sea animals at the Pacific Marine Mammal Center in Laguna Beach. 8 center has saved sea lions for over 40 years. When he watched the sick animals get much better after treatment, he made a decision 9 action to help them, too. Besides organizing volunteer clean-ups, Ryan has also traveled around the world to share his experiences. He gives talks to kids about protecting the Earth and oceans, and his stories are 10 part of these talks. “It’s truly fun to do this,” he said. “When I talk to people, I hope to cheer them up. Then they might start their own clean-up activities, too.” 1.A.is started B.was started C.was starting 2.A.They B.Their C.Theirs 3.A.by B.in C.for 4.A.may B.must C.should 5.A.collect B.collected C.have collected 6.A.meaning B.meaningful C.meaningfully 7.A.how B.why C.what 8.A.A B.An C.The 9.A.take B.taking C.to take 10.A.interesting B.more interesting C.the most interesting 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司2 / 18 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 专题03 动词时态和语态(复习讲义) 目 录 01 析·考情目标 02 筑·专题框架 03 攻·重难考点 真题动向 核心提炼 易错警示/技巧点拨 考点一 一般现在时 考点二 一般过去时 考点三 一般将来时 考点四 现在进行时 考点五 过去进行时 考点六 现在完成时 考点七 被动语态 04 测· 预测闯关 命题透视 1.从近5年广东中考命题形式上看,动词的时态和语态考查主要出现在语法选择、短文填空中。 2.从命题内容上看,要考查时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时)以及一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态。 热考角度 考点 题型 考频 考查内容 一般现在时 短文填空 5年3考 ①2025年(1.5分):enjoys ②2024年(1.5分):believe ③2021年(1.5分):call 一般过去时 语法选择 5年2考 ①2024年(1分):got ②2022年(1分):told 短文填空 5年2考 ①2023年(1.5分):cleaned ②2021年(1.5分):worked 一般将来时 语法选择 5年1考 2021年(1分):will bring 现在进行时 语法选择 5年1考 2023年(1分):is studying 现在完成时 语法选择 5年1考 2025年(1分):has invented 短文填空 5年3考 ①2024年(1.5分):has grown ②2022年(1.5分):has become ③2022年(1.5分):has written 被动语态 语法选择 5年5考 ①2025年(1分):was allowed ②2024年(1分):is given ③2023年(1分):were invited ④2022年(1分):were asked ⑤2021年(1分):were invited 命题预测 从近5年广东省中考英语的情况来看,动词的时态是高频考点。学生要注意掌握动词的变化形式和熟练使用初中课标要求学习的6种动词的时态,包括一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时和现在完成时。做题时,学生要根据实际情况选择合适的时态。语态主要考查一般现在时的被动语态、一般过去时的被动语态等。虽然目前没有考查过一般现在时态、过去进行时态、一般将来时态的被动语态,但考生也不能轻视,要掌握它们的用法。 考点一 一般现在时 1.(2025·广东省卷·中考真题·短文填空节选) Mike (enjoy) seeing these moments. 【答案】enjoys 【解析】句意:Mike喜欢看到这些时刻。根据“Mike...seeing these moments.”和备选词可知,此处指Mike喜欢这些时刻,enjoy“喜欢”符合语境,本句时态为一般现在时,主语为第三人称单数,谓语动词用三单形式enjoys。故填enjoys。 2.(2024·广东省卷·中考真题·短文填空节选)As biking has become a lifestyle, experts (believe)that this biking craze will continue. 【答案】believe 【解析】句意:随着骑自行车成为一种生活方式,专家们相信这种骑车热潮将会持续下去。根据“As biking has become a lifestyle, experts...that this biking craze will continue.”和备选词可知,专家们相信这种骑车热潮将会持续下去,believe “相信” 符合语境,时态是一般现在时,主语是复数,动词用原形。故填believe。 核心1、动词第三人称单数变化规则 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 直接加-s read→reads love→loves 以s,o,x,ch,sh结尾 加-es pass→passes box→boxes teach→teaches wash→washes 以辅音字母 + y结尾 将y变为i,再加-es carry→carries study→studies 不规则变化 have→has be→am/is/are 核心2、一般现在时的构成与用法 构成 1.谓语动词为be动词:主语+am/is/are+n./adj.(+其他) 2.谓语动词为实义动词:主语+动词原形/第三人称单数(+其他) 用法 例子 表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的副词连用。常用的频度副词有:always, often, usually,sometimes,seldom,hardly,never,once a week等。频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前,系动词、助动词之后 He often goes swimming in summer. 他夏天经常游泳。 表示现在存在的状态 My father is at work. He is very busy. 我父亲在工作。他很忙。 表示主语的爱好,具备的性格、特征和能力等 The boy is twelve. 这男孩十二岁。 Ann does not speak English well. 安的英语说得不好。 表示客观真理、客观存在或自然现象 The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 主将从现,在时间或条件状语从句中,用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作 If he comes back, I will talk with him. 如果他回来,我会和他谈谈。 1.My father ________ TV every evening. A.watch B.watches C.watched D.is watching 【答案】B 【详解】句意:我爸爸每天晚上看电视。 考查动词时态。every evening是一般现在时的标志,主语是My father,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,watch的第三人称单数是watches。故选B。 2.Tony will begin to do his homework as soon as he ________ home. A.got B.gets C.is getting D.has got 【答案】B 【详解】句意:托尼一到家就会开始做家庭作业。 考查时间状语从句的时态。got一般过去时在;gets一般现在时第三人称单数形式;is getting现在进行时;has got现在完成时。根据“Tony will begin to do his homework as soon as he ... home.”,“as soon as” 引导的时间状语从句中,若主句为一般将来时,从句需用一般现在时表示将来动作。故选B。 3.There _________ a robot dog in the airport to help with the work now. A.is B.are C.was D.were 【答案】A 【详解】句意:现在机场有一只机器狗来帮助工作。 考查动词时态以及there be句型。根据“now” 可知,此句是一般现在时,a robot dog是单数,所以be动词用is,故选A。 4.Space Day of China ________ on April 24 every year. A.falls B.fell C.has fallen D.is falling 【答案】A 【详解】句意:中国航天日是在每年的4月24日。 考查一般现在时态。根据“Space Day of China...on April 24 every year.”可知,本句描述的是一个客观事实,即中国航天日固定在每年4月24日,这是一种常态,应该使用一般现在时态。主语是“Space Day of China”,所以谓语动词要用“falls”。故选A。 5.A fantail goldfish ________ about four kilos. A.weigh B.weighs C.weighes D.weight 【答案】B 【详解】句意:一条扇尾金鱼重大约4公斤。 考查动词的三单形式。weigh称重,动词;weight重量,名词。分析句子结构可知,句中缺少谓语动词,排除D;且描述某人或某物的特征应用一般现在时,主语“A fantail goldfish ”为第三人称单数,故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,weigh的第三人称单数形式为weighs。故选B。 考点二 一般过去时 1.(2025·广东省广州卷·中考真题·语法选择) a fire in me that burned for the deep blue. A.There was B.There were C.There is D.There are 【答案】A 【解析】句意:我心中有一团为深蓝色而燃烧的火焰。 There was有,一般过去时,后接单数名词或不可数名词;There were有,一般过去时,后接复数名词;There is有,一般现在时,后接单数名词或不可数名词;There are有,一般现在时,后接复数名词。根据“a fire in me”可知,此处用there be句型的一般过去时,且fire为单数名词,所以空处用There was。故选A 2. (2024·广东省卷·中考真题·语法选择)When he turned seven, he 1 £7 a week. A.gets B.got C.will get 【答案】B 【解析】句意:7岁时,他每周挣7英镑。 gets一般现在时;got一般过去时;will get一般将来时。根据“When he turned seven”可知,是一般过去时,故选B。 3.(2025·广东省广州卷·中考真题·短文填空)Some artists p 3 bright and lovely pictures. 【答案】(p)ainted/(p)rovided 【解析】句意:一些艺术家画/提供了明亮可爱的图画。根据“bright and lovely pictures”以及首字母提示可知,此处指画/提供了图画,paint“绘画”,provide“提供”,此处描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,动词用过去式。故填(p)ainted/(p)rovided。 4.(2024·广东省广州卷·中考真题·短文填空)He d 3 to learn this art because he thought it was a great way to tell stories of Chinese culture 【答案】(d)ecided 【解析】句意:他决定学习这门艺术因为他认为这是讲述中国文化故事的好方法。根据“ He ...to learn this art ”及首字母可知,应是决定学习皮影戏,decide“决定”符合语境,句子用一般过去时,动词用过去式。故填(d)ecided。 核心1、动词过去式的规则变化: 规则变化 原形 过去式及-ed/-d的发音 一般直接加-ed -ed在清辅音后读/t/, 在浊辅音及元音后读/d,/-ed在/t//d/后读/id/ watch stay want watched /t/ stayed /d/ wanted /ɪd/ 以e结尾的动词,加-d love loved /d/ 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,变y为i加-ed cry cried /d/ 以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要双写这个辅音字母再加-ed plan stop planned /d/ stopped /t/ 核心2、动词过去式的不规则变化: 类型 示例 类型 示例 A-B-C型 go→went→gone A-B-B型 bring→brought→brought A-B-A型 become→became→become A-A-A型 cut→cut→cut 核心3、一般过去时的基本结构: 核心3、一般过去时的用法: 用法 例子 表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday,last week, an hour ago, just now, the other day,in 1982等连用。在一般过去时的句子中,要表达“过多少时间之后”,一般用after。 Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了? After a few years, she started to play the piano. 几年后,她开始弹钢琴。 表示在过去,经常或反复发生的动作。常与often,always等表示频度的副词连用。 When I was a child, I often played football. 当我是个孩子的时候,我常在街上踢足球。 1.Last week an engineer successfully ________ my grandfather’s old camera. A.repair B.repaired C.is repairing D.has repaired 【答案】B 【详解】句意:上周,一位工程师成功地修理了我祖父的旧相机。 考查动词时态。根据时间状语“Last week”可知,动作发生在过去,应使用一般过去时,谓语动词应用过去式repaired。故选B。 2.Ariel ________ every night for a week before her Chinese test and got a very good grade. A.studied B.studies C.has studied D.was going to study 【答案】A 【详解】句意:Ariel在她语文考试前每晚都学习,学了一周并且取得了一个很好的成绩。 考查时态。根据“got a very good grade.”可知描述的是过去一段时间做的事,用一般过去时。故选A。 3.Mr. Smith ________ an interesting talk on his visit to China at the meeting last night. A.gives B.gave C.will give D.has given 【答案】B 【详解】句意:史密斯先生在昨晚的会议上,就他的中国之行进行了一场有趣的演讲。 考查一般过去时。gives是一般现在时第三人称单数形式;gave是give的过去式;will give是一般将来时;has given是现在完成时。根据“last night”可知,此句时态是一般过去时,give的过去式是gave,故选B。 4.Tom ________ his eyes on the book, but he didn’t read a word. A.keep B.keeps C.kept D.keeping 【答案】C 【详解】句意:汤姆一直盯着那本书,但他一个字也没读。 考查时态。根据“but he didn’t read a word”可知,句子时态为一般过去时。故选C。 考点三 一般将来时 结构 用法 例子 (1)be going to 结构 · 陈述句:主语+am/is/are(not)going to + 动词 · 一 般 疑 问 句: Am / I s / A r e + 主 语 + going t o + 动词原形+其他? (2)will/shall结构 · 陈述句: 主语+will / s h a l l ( n o t ) + 动 词 原 形 + 其 他 · 一般疑问句: W i l / S h a l l + 主 语 + 动 词 原 形 +其他? 注意:shall只用于第一人称I和we 表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。 We will come to visit you next month. 下个月我们将来拜访你。 be going to 表示现在已有迹象表明即将发生某事。 Look at the dark clouds. I think it is going to rain. 看那些乌云,我觉得要下雨了。 在含有时间状语从句或条件状语从句的复合句中,主句是一般将来时,从句用一般现在时代替将来时,即“主将从现”。 We will go to the park if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. 如果天不下雨,我们将要去公园。 标志词:tomorrow,next day/week/month/year...,soon,the day after tomorrow,in the future,in+时间段等。 注意: will还可表示对将来的预测。be going to还可表示“决心;打算”。 例句: What will the weather be like tomorrow? 明天天气怎么样? I am going to pass the exam this term. 这学期我决心通过考试。 1.—We ________ a trip to Kunming in three weeks. —What exciting news! I love that city. A.had B.didn’t have C.are going to have D.aren’t going to have 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——我们三周后要去昆明旅行。——多么令人兴奋的消息!我喜欢那个城市。 had动词的过去式,一般过去时;didn’t have动词的过去式的否定,一般过去时;are going to have一般将来时,表肯定;aren’t going to have一般将来时,表否定。根据“in three weeks”可知,动作发生在将来,需用一般将来时,根据“What exciting news! ”可知,表肯定,应填are going to have。 2.There ________ a robot show in Sunshine Town next week. A.is going to be B.is going to have C.will have D.are going to be 【答案】A 【详解】句意:下周在阳光镇将有一场机器人展览。 根据“next week”可知,此句是一般将来时,there be句型的一般将来时结构是“there is/are going to be”或“there will be”,不能与have连用,排除“is going to have”和“will have”;主语“a robot show”是单数,be动词用is。应填is going to be。 3.We ________a party to celebrate the Spring Festival next week. A.had B.have C.are having D.will have 【答案】D 【详解】句意:我们下周将举办一个派对来庆祝春节。 考查动词时态。had举办(一般过去时);have举办(一般现在时);are having举办(现在进行时);will have举办(一般将来时)。根据时间状语“next week”可知,动作发生在将来,应使用一般将来时;are having是现在进行时表将来,通常用于计划好、即将发生的动作,而“举办春节派对”并非是已经确定好的即时计划,用will have(一般将来时)更合适。故选D。 4.—________ we go fishing this afternoon? —Sure. It ________ be sunny. A.Shall; shall B.Will; won’t C.Will; shall D.Shall; will 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——我们今天下午去钓鱼好吗?——当然。天气会晴朗的。    考查一般将来时。Shall多用于第一人称;will多用于第二人称和第三人称。第一句问句主语为we,应用shall,“Shall we...”表示“我们做……好吗”。答语表示天气将会晴朗,主语为It,应用will。故选D。 考点四 现在进行时 (2023·广东省卷·中考真题·语法选择)Now David space science. A.study B.is studying C.was studying 【答案】C 【解析】句意:现在大卫正在学习空间科学。 study学习,动词原形;is studying现在进行时;was studying过去进行时。根据“Now”可知,表示现阶段他正在学习空间科学,用现在进行时。故选B。 结构 用法 例子 (1)肯定句: 主语+am/is/are+现在分词+其他 (2)否定句: 主语+am not/isn't/aren’t+ 现在分词+其他 (3)一般疑问句: A m / I s / A r e + 主语+现在分词+其他? 表示此刻正在进行的动作。 Tom is doing his homework now. 汤姆正在写作业。 表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。 I am reading this book these days. 这些天我正在读这本书。 在while(当······的时候)引导的时间状语从句中,谓语动词常用现在进行时。 While he is watching TV, it starts to rain heavily. 他正在看电视的时候, 天开始下大雨了。 有些表示位置移动的词(go, come, leave, arrive, start, begin等),可用现在进行时表示将要发生的或安排好的事情。 We are leaving for Shanghai this Friday. 这个周五我们要动身去上海。 现在进行时与always连用,含有赞扬、批评等感情色彩。 She is always helping others. 她总是乐于助人。 标志词:now,at the moment,these days等;“Look!”“Listen!”等提示句。 1.Look! The students ________ an experiment in the science lab. A.do B.are doing C.were doing D.have done 【答案】B 【详解】句意:看!学生们正在科学实验室做实验。 “Look!”是现在进行时的标志词(结构为am/is/are + doing),表示动作正在进行;主语students是复数,be动词用are。应填are doing。 2.We ________ to the museum this afternoon. Let’s meet at the school gate. A.go B.went C.are going D.have gone 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我们今天下午要去博物馆。我们在学校门口集合吧。 考查动词时态。根据“this afternoon”和“Let’s meet at the school gate”可知,动作还未发生,是计划好的将来的事情,可用现在进行时表将来。故选C。 3.As we know, things like that ________ all over the world every day. A.happens B.are happened C.are happening D.will be happened 【答案】C 【详解】句意:正如我们所知,像那样的事情每天在世界各地发生。 考查主谓一致和时态。happens第三人称单数;are happened被动语态,happen为不及物动词,无被动语态;are happening现在进行时;will be happened将来时被动语态,错误结构。句子主语是things(复数),happens是第三人称单数形式,主谓不一致。根据“every day”和语境可知,此处表示“每天都在发生”,用现在进行时表示现阶段经常发生的动作。故选C。 4.—Will Tom take a trip with his parents? —Yes. They ________  for the US. A.are leaving B.left C.leaves D.leave 【答案】A 【详解】句意:—— 汤姆会和他的父母一起去旅行吗?——是的。他们正要动身去美国。 考查动词的时态。are leaving正要离开(现在进行时表将来);left离开(一般过去时);leaves离开(一般现在时,主语为单数);leave离开(一般现在时,主语为复数)。结合语句“Will Tom take a trip with his parents?”可知,问句使用一般将来时,答句表示即将发生的动作,可用现在进行时表将来,are leaving符合语境和语法要求。故选A。 考点五 过去进行时 结构 用法 例子 (1)肯定句: 主语+was/were+现在分词+其他 (2)否定句: 主语+wasn't/weren't +现在分词+其他 (3)一般疑问句: W a s / W e r e + 主语+现在分词+其他? 表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态。 They were planting trees in the park this time last month. 上个月这个时候,他们正在公园里种树。 表示过去某个时间段内正在进行的动作或存在的状态。 What were you doing in those days?那些日子你在做什么? 表示过去两个动作同时进行,用while连接。 I was doing my homework while my mother was watching TV.我在做作业的时候,妈妈在看电视。 表示在过去某个动作发生时,另一个动作正在进行(此时常与 when,while,as引导的时间状语从句连用)。 While my mother was cooking in the kitchen,the doorbell rang.我妈妈正在厨房做饭的时候,门铃响了。 标志词:at that time/moment,all night,then,(at)this time yesterday,at ten last night等。 1.The children ________ TV while their mother ________ in the kitchen. A.watched; cooked B.were watching; was cooking C.watch; cooks D.are watching; is cooking 【答案】B 【详解】句意:孩子们正在看电视,而他们的母亲正在厨房里做饭。 考查动词时态。watched观看,一般过去时;cooked烹饪,一般过去时;were watching观看,过去进行时;was cooking烹饪,过去进行时;watch观看,一般现在时;cooks烹饪,一般现在时第三人称单数形式;are watching观看,现在进行时;is cooking烹饪,现在进行时。根据连词“while”可知,此处表示过去两个持续性的动作同时发生,应用过去进行时。主句主语“The children”是复数,助动词用were;从句主语“their mother”是单数,助动词用was。故选B。 2.—Did you notice him come in? —No. I ________ a football match on TV. A.watch B.watched C.will watch D.was watching 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——你注意到他进来了吗?——没有。我当时正在电视上看一场足球赛。 考查时态辨析。watch观看,一般现在时;watched观看,一般过去时;will watch将观看,一般将来时;was watching正在观看,过去进行时。根据问句“Did you notice him come in?”可知,答语描述的是“他进来”那一刻正在进行的动作,强调过去某一时刻正在发生的事,应用过去进行时。故选D。 3.He ________ TV when his mother came back home yesterday evening. A.watch B.watches C.was watching D.watched 【答案】C 【详解】句意:当他的妈妈昨晚回家时,他正在看电视。 考查过去进行时。根据时间状语从句“when his mother came back home yesterday evening”可知,这里表示过去的具体时间点,主句需使用过去进行时(was/were + doing)表示在该时刻正在进行的动作。故选C。 考点六 现在完成时 1.(2025·广东省卷·中考真题·语法选择)So far, she 9 many dishes with special tastes. All these dishes are popular with customers. A.invents B.will invent C.has invented 【答案】C 【解析】句意:到目前为止,她已经发明了许多味道特别的菜肴。 invents发明,一般现在时;will invent将发明,一般将来时;has invented已经发明,现在完成时。根据“So far”可知,时态是现在完成时,用has invented。故选C。 2.(2024年广东省深圳市·中考真题·短文填空)Ole is a student from Norway at East China Normal School. He first visited China in 2016, and since then, he 1 (develop) a deep interest in traditional Chinese culture. 【答案】has developed 【解析】句意:他于201年首次来到中国,从那时起,他就对中国的传统文化产生了浓厚的兴趣。根据“since then”可知,句子应用现在完成时,主语为he,助动词用has。故填has developed。 3.(2024·广东省卷·中考真题·短文填空)But since her hometown hosted the Asian Games in 2023, her interest in sports has 3 (grow)a lot. 【答案】grown 【解析】句意:但自从她的家乡在2023年举办亚运会以来,她对体育的兴趣增长了很多。根据“But since her hometown hosted the Asian Games in 2023, her interest in sports has...a lot.”和备选词可知,她对体育的兴趣增长了很多,grow“增加”符合语境,此处是现在完成时,动词用过去分词形式,故填grown。 结构 用法 例子 (1)肯定句: 主语+has/have+过去分词+其他 (1)否定句: 主语+ hasn’t/haven’t +过去分词+其他 (1)一般疑问句: H a s / H a v e + 主 语 +过去分词+其他? 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 I have already seen the film.我已经看过这部电影了。 表示动作或行为开始于过去,一直持续到现在,且还有可能持续下去。 My grandparents have lived here since 2002. 从2002年起,我的祖父母一直住在这里。 标志词:already, yet, ever, never, recently/lately, so far, in the past/last few days/weeks/ months/years..., over the years, for +时间段,since+时间点/一般过去时的句子等。 (1)一般过去时和现在完成时的区别 ①一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,与现在无关。 ②现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调现在的情况。 如:He was a doctor ten years ago. 十年前他是一名医生。 He has been a doctor for ten years. 他当医生十年了。 (2)延续性动词与非延续性动词 非延续性动词表示短暂性动作,没有持续性,即“一发生就结束”,如果跟表示一段时间的状语(for+时间段,since+时间点,how long等)连用,应转换为延续性动词。 常用非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换如下: 非延续性动词 buy borrow begin/start finish die leave 延续性动词 have keep be on be over be dead be away 非延续性动词 join marry open/close come/go 延续性动词 be(in) be married be open/closed be here/there 如:He has already left his hometown.(非延续性动词) He has been away from his hometown for three years.(延续性动词) ①since/for since+时间点/一般过去时的句子; for +时间段。 ②already/yet already 用于肯定句,常用于句中; yet用于否定句和疑问句,常用于句末。 ③have been to/have gone to/ have been in have been to→“去过某地” (表示去过,人现已回来),常与ever,never等词连用。 have gone to→“去了某地” (表示去了某地,人还未回来),只能用于第三人称。 have been in→“待在某地” (强调从过去到现在一直待在某地),常与一段时间连用。 ④in the past/in the past+数词+时间单位 in the past 多用于一般过去时; in the past+数词+时间单位(如in the past few/three years)多用于现在完成时。 1.The air in our city ________ a lot recently. We can enjoy a cleaner environment now. A.improves B.improved C.has improved D.will improve 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我们城市的空气最近已经改善了很多。我们现在可以享受一个更清洁的环境了。 improves改善(一般现在时);improved改善了(一般过去时);has improved已经改善了(现在完成时);will improve将改善(一般将来时)。根据时间状语“recently”以及后句“We can enjoy... now”可知,动作发生在过去但对现在造成了影响,应用现在完成时。 2.There ________ great changes in our hometown since the late 1970s. A.are B.were C.has been D.have been 【答案】D 【详解】句意:自 20 世纪 70 年代末以来,我们的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 根据时间状语since the late 1970s可知,句子应用现在完成时。主语great changes为复数名词,用have been。 3.—Where is Mr. Zhao? —He ________ to Mount Fanjing. He’ll come back ________ a week. A.have been, in B.has gone, after C.has gone, in D.has been, after 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——赵先生在哪里?——他去了梵净山,他一周后回来。 have been to”曾经去过某地(已回来);have gone to已经去了某地(还未回来)。根据“Where is Mr. Zhao?”可知赵先生不在说话现场,说明他去了梵净山还未回来,所以第一空用“has gone” 。“in+一段时间”表示“在……之后”,用于一般将来时;“after+一段时间”也可表示“在……之后”,但常用于一般过去时。本句“He’ll come back”是一般将来时,所以第二空用“in”。 4.—Are you a soccer player in your school? —Yes, I ________ the team two years ago. I ________ in the team for two years. A.have joined; have been B.have joined; am C.joined; was D.joined; have been 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——你是你们学校的足球运动员吗?——是的,我两年前加入了球队。我已经在队里两年了。 第一空根据时间状语“two years ago”可知,是描述过去的动作,用一般过去时;第二空时间状语“for two years.”是一段时间,表示状态从过去持续到现在,应用现在完成时。应填joined; have been。 5.—How long ________ you ________ this pen? —Only one day. I ________ it yesterday. A.have bought, bought B.have had, bought C.did buy, have bought D.have been, had 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——你拥有这支钢笔多久了?——只有一天。我昨天买的它。 第一空how long提问持续时间,需用延续性动词,have had是延续性表达,可表示“拥有”的状态,而have bought是短暂性动词,不能与一段时间连用;第二空yesterday是一般过去时的标志,用buy的过去式bought。 6.—How many times ________ you ________ to Beijing this year? —Three times. A.have, been B.had, been C.have, gone D.had, gone 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——今年你去过北京多少次?——三次。 根据时间状语“this year”可知应用现在完成时,主语是 you,助动词用 have,排除含 had 的选项;have been to 表示“去过某地(已回来)”,have gone to 表示“去了某地(未回来)”。由答句可知说话人此刻在场,说明已经回来,故用 have been to。 7.—Your room looks so clean! Have you ________ cleaned your room? —No, I haven’t cleaned it ________. A.yet; yet B.already; already C.already; yet D.yet; already 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——你的房间看起来真干净!你已经打扫过房间了吗?——不,我还没有打扫。 考查副词辨析。yet“还,已经”,主要用于否定句和疑问句,通常放在句末;already“已经”,常用于肯定句或疑问句(表达说话者的惊讶或强调 “已经完成” 的语气)。第一句为疑问句,用already,表示“你居然已经打扫过房间了吗”;第二句为否定回答,表示“还没有”,用yet。故选C。 8.— How long have you ________ this book about Chinese attractions? — For two weeks. A.bought B.borrowed C.kept D.lent 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——你这本关于中国景点的书已经借了多久了?——两周了。 考查延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法。bought买(非延续性动词);borrowed借入(非延续性动词);kept保存/持有(延续性动词);lent借出(非延续性动词)。根据答语“For two weeks”表示一段时间,可知问句需用延续性动词,选项中只有“kept”可表示“持有、借”并能够延续。故选C。 9.— ________ have you grown taller? — For about two years. A.How soon B.How long C.How often D.How much 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——你长高多久了?——大约两年了。 考查疑问词组辨析。How soon多久以后(对将来时间提问);How long多长时间(对时间段提问);How often多久一次(对频率提问);How much多少(对不可数名词数量或价格提问)。根据答语“For about two years”可知,表示一个时间段,问句应询问“持续多长时间”。故选B。 10.—Do you know ________? —For about three years. A.how long has he been a volunteer B.how long he has been a volunteer C.how long he was a volunteer D.how long was he a volunteer 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——你知道他当志愿者多久了吗?——大约三年了。 考查宾语从句的语序和时态。根据“Do you know...?”可知,此处为宾语从句,应用陈述语序,排除A和D;结合答句“For about three years.”可知,问句询问的是持续到现在的时长,需用现在完成时,排除C。故选B。 考点七 被动语态 1.(2025·广东省广州卷·中考真题·语法选择) It was a shark! I had never seen such a big one in the wild. I 10 by fear. A.catch B.caught C.am caught D.was caught 【答案】D 【解析】句意:我被恐惧笼罩。 catch抓住,动词原形;caught抓住,过去式;am caught被抓住,一般现在时的被动语态;was caught被抓住,一般过去时的被动语态。根据“I...by fear.”可知,此处表示被恐惧笼罩,用被动语态,且描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时的被动语态。故选D。 2.(2025·广东省卷·中考真题·语法选择)When she was older, she 3 to do easy tasks like beating eggs. A.is allowed B.was allowed C.was allowing 【答案】B 【解析】句意:当她长大一点时,她被允许做一些简单的任务,比如打鸡蛋。 is allowed被允许,一般现在时的被动语态;was allowed被允许,一般过去时的被动语态;was allowing允许,过去进行时。根据“When she was older”可知,时态是一般过去时,主语she和动词allow之间是被动关系,用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。 3.(2024·广东省卷·中考真题·语法选择)When he turned seven, he got £7 a week. Now at the age of fifteen, he 2 £15 every week. A.gives B.is given C.is giving 【答案】B 【解析】句意:现在他15岁了,每周得到15英镑。 gives一般现在时;is given一般现在时的被动语态;is giving现在进行时。根据“Now at the age of fifteen, he...£15 every week.”可知,主语是动作的承受者,时态是一般现在时,所以用一般现在时的被动语态,故选B。 4.(2024·广东省广州卷·中考真题·语法选择)One reason is that the penguin eggs 11 by seabirds and other animals. A.eat B.ate C.are eating D.are eaten 【答案】D 【解析】句意:原因之一是企鹅的蛋被海鸟和其他动物吃掉。 eat 吃,动词原形;ate 吃,过去式;are eating 现在进行时;are eaten 一般现在时的被动语态。 根据“the penguin eggs... by seabirds and other animals”可知,企鹅蛋是被吃掉,所以用被动语态。故选D。 5.(2023·广东省卷·中考真题·语法选择)At the age of seven, David had his first astronaut (宇航员) training experience. He and his parents 3 to a Family Space Camp. A.invited B.are invited C.were invited 【答案】D 【解析】句意:他和他的父母被邀请参加一个家庭太空营。 invited邀请,过去式/过去分词;are invited一般现在时的被动语态;were invited一般过去时的被动语态。根据“At the age of seven”可知,时态为一般过去时,他和父母是被邀请去参加太空营的,用被动语态。故选C。 核心1、被动语态的概念 动词有两种语态:主动语态(Active Voice)和被动语态(Passion Voice),当主语是动作的执行者时,谓语动词用主动语态;当主语是动作的承受者,谓语动词用被动语态。 核心2、主动语态和被动语态的转换 核心3、主动语态和被动语态的转换 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时: 主语+am/is/are+动词过去分词 Does he speak English? Is English spoken by him? 一般过去时: 主语+was/were+动词过去分词 He wrote many stories last year. Many stories were written by him last year. 一般将来时: 主语+shall/will be+动词过去分词 They will do their homework tomorrow. Their homework will be done tomorrow. 含有情态动词: 主语+情态动词+be+动词过去分词 She must return the book to the library soon. The book must be returned to the library soon. ①系动词如 look, smell, sound,feel,seem,taste等,没有被动语态。 例句:The skirt looks good on you.你穿这条短裙很好看。 ②不及物动词(短语)如happen,cost,remain,rise,take place,come true,break out等,没有被动语态。 例句:The school sports meeting will take place next Friday.学校运动会将于下周五举行。 ③某些动词后接动名词,用主动表被动,如need,want,require,worth等。 例句:This room needs cleaning(=needs to be cleaned) because it's too dirty. 这个房间需要打扫,因为太脏了。 This novel is worth reading (=worth being read).这本小说值得一读。 ④部分动词常与well,easily,badly,smoothly等副词连用,用主动表被动,用于说明主语的性质及特征,如cut,sell,wash,write等。 例句:The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写字很流畅。 The new smart phone sells very well. 这款新的智能手机卖得很好。 ⑤不及物动词+介词/副词”构成的动词短语变为被动语态时,其中的介词或副词不能省略。 例句:The patient is taken good care of by the nurse. 病人被护士照顾得很好。 ⑥主语+动词(感官动词/使役动词)+宾语+宾补,变为被动语态时:主语+be done+to do 例句: 主动语态:The teacher made the students repeat the sentence. 老师让学生们重复这个句子。 被动语态:The students were made to repeat the sentence(by the teacher).学生们被(老师)要求重复这个句子。 被动语态的常用短语及句型: ① be made f 由······制成(能看出原料) ② be made from 由······制成(看不出原料) ③ be made in/by 在······制成/被······制作 ④ be known as/for作为/因为······而闻名 ⑤ be filled with 被······充满 ⑥ be covered with 被······覆盖 ⑦ be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 ⑧ It’s said/reported/known/believed that...据说/据报道/众所周知/人们相信····· 1.The Grand Canal (大运河) is well worth _______ because it has a long history. A.to visiting B.to visit C.visiting D.visit 【答案】C 【详解】句意:大运河很值得参观,因为它历史悠久。 be worth doing sth.是固定搭配,表示“值得做某事”,此处主动形式表被动含义,应填visiting。 2.So far, a lot of students ________ by their teachers to develop their own hobbies. A.encourage B.encouraged C.have encouraged D.have been encouraged 【答案】D 【详解】句意:到目前为止,许多学生被他们的老师鼓励去发展他们自己的爱好。 根据时间状语可知句子时态为现在完成时;主语与谓语之间是被动关系,且句中有标志词by,故用被动语态。现在完成时的被动语态结构为have/has been done。 3.The car ________ by my father yesterday evening. A.washes B.is washed C.was washed D.washing 【答案】C 【详解】句意:这辆车是我父亲昨天晚上洗的。 主语The car与wash是被动关系,用被动语态“be+动词的过去分词”;根据时间状语“yesterday evening”可知,动词发生在过去,应用一般过去时的被动语态was washed。 4.It is reported that a new park ________ to the public next year. A.will open B.will be opened C.is opened D.opens 【答案】B 【详解】句意:据报道,一座新公园将于明年向公众开放。 next year,明确动作发生在将来,需用一般将来时,结构为will+动词原形。主语a new park是动作open的承受者,公园是“被开放”的,故必须用被动语态,结构为be+过去分词。一般将来时的被动语态结构为will be+过去分词。 5.In order to make our city more beautiful, more trees and flowers ________ every year. A.will plant B.should plant C.be planted D.should be planted 【答案】D 【详解】句意:为了让我们的城市更美丽,每年应该种植更多的树木和花卉。 考查含情态动词的被动语态。主语“more trees and flowers”是“被种植”的对象,需用被动形式“be planted”。根据“In order to make our city more beautiful”可知,这是一种建议或责任,应使用情态动词“should”表达“应该”的含义。选项D“should be planted”同时满足被动语态和情态动词的要求。故选D。 6.Many changes ________ in our town over the last 20 years. A.took place B.have taken place C.were taken place D.have been taken place 【答案】B 【详解】句意:在过去的20年里,我们镇发生了许多变化。 考查动词时态及语态。took place发生(一般过去时);have taken place发生(现在完成时);were taken place语法错误;have been taken place语法错误。根据时间状语“over the last 20 years”可知,这是从过去持续到现在的时段,常与现在完成时连用,排除A、C项;take place意为“发生”,是不及物短语,没有被动语态,排除D项。故选B。 7.Frank was made ________ in front of the classroom to share his opinions about English learning. A.stand B.stood C.to stand D.standing 【答案】C 【详解】句意:Frank被要求站在教室前面分享他对英语学习的看法。 考查非谓语动词。根据“Frank was made ... in front of the classroom to share his opinions about English learning.”可知,make是使役动词,make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”,变为被动语态,要还原to,即sb. be made to do sth.。故选C。 8.The room needs ________. A.clean B.to clean C.cleaning D.cleaned 【答案】C 【详解】句意:这个房间需要打扫。 主语“The room”是物品,且是动词clean的承受者,表达 “需要被……”的含义。当need表示 “某物需要被……” 时,有两种结构:①need doing用主动形式表被动含义;②need to be done用被动形式。此题为用主动表被动的结构。 9.We have heard of that writer. The novels written by her________ so well that they________ out in all the shops. A.are sold; are sold B.are sold; sold C.sell; are sold D.are sold; sell 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我们听说过那位作家。她写的小说卖得非常好,以至于所有商店都卖光了。 考查动词用法和被动语态。sell卖,一般现在时;are sold被卖,一般现在时的被动语态,用于第二人称或复数形式。根据“The novels written by her…so well”可知,当动词sell, read, wash等词后接well, easily等副词说明主语的性质或特征时,常用主动形式表示被动意义,主语“The novels”为复数,故填sell。根据“they…out in all the shops”可知,此处指小说被卖光,主语“they”指代小说,与sell之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,其结构为“be+过去分词”,主语为复数且指代现在的状态,故应用are sold。故选C。 10.This kind of glass ________ hard but ________ easily. A.feels, breaks B.is felt, breaks C.feels, is broken D.is felt, is broken 【答案】A 【详解】句意:这种玻璃摸起来很硬,但很容易碎。 考查语态。feel摸起来;break破碎。feel作为感官动词时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义,即 “某物摸起来……” 用“sth. feels + 形容词” 的结构,而不用被动语态,可排除BD选项; break在这里表示“易碎”,是不及物动词,其主动形式可以表示被动含义,常用来描述主语的性质或特征。故选A。 一、单项选择 1.Mother’s Day is coming. They ________ a gift for their mother. A.buy B.have bought C.are going to buy D.were buying 【答案】C 【详解】句意:母亲节快到了。他们要给妈妈买一件礼物。 考查一般将来时。根据“Mother’s Day is coming.”可知,此句描述将来要发生的事情,应用一般将来时,其结构为“be going to do”。故选C。 2.—Where’s Steve these days? —He’s not in town. He ________ to Shanghai for a business meeting. A.will go B.is going C.has gone D.has been 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——Steve最近在哪儿?——他不在镇上。他去上海参加商务会议了。 考查现在完成时和has gone to。will go将要去,一般将来时;is going正在去,现在进行时;has gone已经去了还没回来;has been已经去过,回来了。根据“He’s not in town. He...to Shanghai for a business meeting.”可推知,Steve去了上海还没回来,不在镇上,故选C。 3.The old man _______ for ten years. A.died B.has died C.has been dead D.has been died 【答案】C 【详解】句意:这位老人已经去世十年了。 考查动词时态。根据“for ten years”可知,句子时态应用现在完成时,其结构为have/has done,排除A;die是短暂性动词,不能与延续性时间连用,要转化为延续性动词“be dead”;主语“The old man” 是第三人称单数,助动词应用has,即has been dead。故选C。 4.—Where is Grace? —I’m not sure. Maybe she ________ her baseball lesson. A.had B.was having C.is having D.will have 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——格蕾丝在哪里?——我不确定。也许她正在上棒球课。 考查时态辨析。had有,过去式;was having有,过去进行时;is having有,现在进行时;will have有,一般将来时。根据“I’m not sure. Maybe she...her baseball lesson.”可知,不确定格蕾丝的位置,推测她也许正在上棒球课,用现在进行时表示此时正在发生的动作。故选C。 5.People ________ if they cut down the trees. A.will punish B.will be punished C.were punished D.are punished 【答案】B 【详解】句意:如果人们砍伐树木,他们将会被惩罚。 考查条件状语从句的时态和被动语态。will punish将惩罚;will be punished将被惩罚;were punished被惩罚了;are punished被惩罚。if引导的条件从句使用一般现在时,主句需用一般将来时;且主语“people”与动词“punish”之间为被动关系,故主句需用一般将来时的被动语态,即“will be punished”。故选B。 6.My father ______ to work by bike every day, but yesterday he ______ by bus because of the rain. A.goes; went B.goes; goes C.went; went D.went; goes 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我父亲每天骑自行车去上班,但昨天因为下雨,他乘公共汽车去了。 考查一般现在时和一般过去时。第一个空描述每天的习惯(every day),需用一般现在时(goes);第二个空描述昨天发生的具体事件(yesterday),需用一般过去时(went)。故选A。 7.The boy bumped into a young man when he ________ around the corner. A.walked B.was walking C.is walking D.walks 【答案】B 【详解】句意:当男孩在拐角处正在走时,他撞到了一个年轻人。 考查时态一致和过去进行时的用法。walked走,一般过去时;was walking正在走,过去进行时;is walking正在走,现在进行时;walks走,一般现在时。主句“bumped”表示“撞到”是一般过去时,表示过去发生的瞬间动作;when引导的时间状语从句中,需用过去进行时表示动作正在进行,在此表达“他正在拐角处走时”。故选B。 8.Alex did not feel the light earthquake this morning. He ________ in the park at the time. A.jogged B.was jogging C.has jogged D.would jog 【答案】B 【详解】句意:Alex今天早上没有感觉到轻微的地震。他当时在公园里慢跑。 考查时态。根据“at the time.”可知,强调地震发生的具体时间点动作正在进行,需用过去进行时表示“正在慢跑”。故选B。 9.If traditional craftsmen get better support, they ________ more beautiful works of art. A.will create B.have created C.are creating D.created 【答案】A 【详解】句意:如果传统手工艺人得到更好的支持,他们将创作更多美丽的艺术品。 考查时态。will create为一般将来时;have created为现在完成时;are creating为现在进行时;created为一般过去时。在if引导的条件句中,从句用一般现在时,主句需用一般将来时。故选A。 10.—Look! How clean the classroom is! —Yes. I’m sure someone ________ it up. A.cleans B.is cleaning C.will clean D.has cleaned 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——看!教室多干净啊!——是的。我确定有人已经打扫过它了。 考查动词时态。根据“How clean the classroom is!”可知,教室很干净,由此推断“有人已经打扫过了”,强调对现在造成的影响,用现在完成时,其谓语结构为“have/has+动词的过去分词”,主语“someone”是第三人称单数,所以助动词用“has”,“clean”的过去分词是“cleaned”。故选D。 11.Mr Thomas, a famous doctor, _______ in Hangzhou since ten years ago. A.works B.was working C.worked D.has worked 【答案】D 【详解】句意:托马斯先生,一位著名的医生,自从十年前就一直在杭州工作。 考查现在完成时。根据时间状语“since ten years ago”可知,动作从过去持续到现在,应用现在完成时。故选D。 12.So far, the number of Chinese internet users _________ to 1.1 billion. A.increases B.increased C.will increase D.has increased 【答案】D 【详解】句意:到目前为止,中国网民的数量已经增加到11亿。 考查现在完成时。increases增加,一般现在时;increased增加,一般过去时;will increase将增加,一般将来时;has increased已经增加,现在完成时。句首“So far”意为“到目前为止”,是现在完成时的典型时间状语,强调动作从过去持续到现在或对现在造成影响,因此谓语动词需用现在完成时。故选D。 13.Please line up over there and the tour ________ in five minutes. A.begin B.begins C.began D.will begin 【答案】D 【详解】句意:请在那里排队,游览将在五分钟后开始。 考查一般将来时。根据“Please line up over there”和时间状语in five minutes可知,先排队,后参观,说明参观这一动作尚未发生,需用一般将来时,其谓语结构为will+动词原形。故选D。 14.According to the weather report, there ________ a heavy rain in the next 24 hours. A.will have B.is going to be C.has D.was 【答案】B 【详解】句意:根据天气预报,未来24小时内将有一场大雨。 考查there be句型的将来时表达。根据题干“there…a heavy rain in the next 24 hours”可知,空格处需填入表示将来存在的正确形式。B项“is going to be”是there be句型的将来时正确表达,表示“将有”。故选B。 15.—How nice these flowers are! —So they are! That lady ______ care of them whenever she has time. A.took B.is taking C.will take D.takes 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——这些花多么漂亮!——是啊!那位女士一有空就会照顾它们。 考查一般现在时。took一般过去时;is taking现在进行时;will take一般将来时;takes一般现在时。根据“whenever she has time”可知,应用一般现在时,表示一种习惯性或经常发生的动作。故选D。 16.—I haven’t seen your brother for a long time. Where is he? —He ______ in Beijing. He ______ there for three years. A.works; works B.works; has worked C.worked; worked D.worked; has worked 【答案】B 【详解】句意:他在北京工作。他在那里工作三年了。 考查动词时态辨析。第一个空描述当前状态(他现在在北京工作),需用一般现在时;第二个空有“for three years”(表示一段时间),强调动作从过去开始持续到现在,需用现在完成时。故选B。 17.It’s reported that another big shopping center ________ here next year. A.will open B.opened C.opens D.is open 【答案】A 【详解】句意:报道,另一个大型购物中心明年将在这里开业。 考查时态和不及物动词。根据“next year”可知,空处指“大型购物中心将开业”,需一般将来时,其结构为will do,这里open为不及物动词,无宾语,不用被动语态;D项open为形容词,B、C项时态错误。故选A。 18.—It takes me nearly two hours on the way to work. It makes me very upset. —Don’t worry. It will become much more convenient when the underground ________ next year. A.builds B.will build C.is built D.will be built 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——我上班路上要花近两个小时。这让我很沮丧。——别担心。明年地铁建成后会方便得多。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。when引导的时间状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则,从句要用一般现在时,且“the underground”与“build”之间是被动关系,即地铁被建造,所以用一般现在时的被动语态is built。故选C。 19.—How long is it since he ________ his hometown? —He ________ for nearly 10 years. A.left; left B.has left; has left C.has left; has been away D.left; has been away 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——他离开家乡多久了?——他离开近10年了。 考查动词时态。第一空:“since”引导时间状语从句时,主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时,故填left;第二空:“for nearly 10 years”表示持续的时间段,需用现在完成时的延续性动词结构,has been away符合语境,而“has left”是瞬间动词不能接时间段。故选D。 20.—I wonder if Li Hua ______ to the party tomorrow. —I think she will come if she ______ free. A.comes; is B.will come; is C.comes; will be D.will come; will be 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——我想知道李华明天是否来参加聚会。——我认为如果她有空,她会来。 考查动词的时态辨析。if意为“是否”时,引导宾语从句,时态规则为主过从过,主现从不限,主句为一般现在时,第一空处表示明天要发生的动作,用一般将来时;if意为“如果”时,引导条件状语从句,时态规则为主将从现,从句用一般现在时态表将来,第二空用一般现在时态。故选B。 21.—When is the school sports meeting? —It will be held on time if it ________ next Friday. A.isn’t rain B.won’t rain C.doesn’t rain D.hasn’t rain 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——学校运动会什么时候举行?——如果下周五不下雨,就会按时举行。 考查if引导的条件状语从句的时态用法。根据“—When is school the sports meeting? —It will be held on time if it…next Friday.”可知,在if引导的条件状语从句中,主句用一般将来时 (will be held),从句需用一般现在时表示将来。rain是动词,否定形式需借助助动词doesn’t。故选C。 22.I know the early bird ______ the worm, but I don’t want to get up early. A.catch B.catches C.caught D.catching 【答案】B 【详解】句意:我知道“早起的鸟儿有虫吃”这句谚语,但我不想早起。 考查动词的正确形式。“the early bird catches the worm”是一句固定谚语,意为“早起的鸟儿有虫吃”,该谚语表达的是普遍真理,通常使用一般现在时;主语“the early bird”是第三人称单数,所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,“catch”的第三人称单数是“catches”。故选B。 23.The hard life she is used to _________ her become older. But she looks very healthy. A.making B.be made C.makes D.make 【答案】C 【详解】句意:她习惯的艰苦生活使她变老了。但她看起来很健康。 考查主谓一致。根据“The hard life she is used to...her become older.”可知,空处缺少谓语动词,主语The hard life为单数,根据looks可知,时态为一般现在时,谓语动词用三单形式。故选C。 24.—Do you like swimming, Jack? —Yes, I do. Swimming regularly ________ my heart healthy and helps me stay energetic, so I make it a weekly habit. A.is keeping B.keeps C.was keeping D.kept 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——杰克,你喜欢游泳吗?——是的,我喜欢。经常游泳可以保持我的心脏健康,帮助我保持活力,所以我把它变成了一个每周的习惯。 考查时态。根据“Swimming regularly…my heart healthy and helps me stay energetic”的语境可知,此处表示事实情况,句子时态为一般现在时。故选B。 25.She ________ going out for a walk after dinner. A.enjoyed B.has enjoyed C.enjoys D.is enjoying 【答案】C 【详解】句意:她喜欢晚饭后散步。 考查动词时态。该句描述的是习惯性的动作,用一般现在时,主语是she,动词用三单形式。故选C。 二、单词拼写 1.I can’t hear you. I _____________ (listen) to an English speech. 【答案】am listening 【详解】句意:我听不见你说什么。我正在听英文演讲。根据“I can’t hear you.”可知,说明正在听英语演讲,用现在进行时,结构为“be+动词现在分词”,主语是I,be动词用am。故填am listening。 2.She often ________ (go) to school by bike. 【答案】goes 【详解】句意:她经常骑自行车去上学。根据“often”可知,时态用一般现在时,主语是She,动词用第三人称单数。故填goes。 3.Some people will _______________ (success) in their efforts to stop smoking. 【答案】succeed 【详解】句意:一些人在努力戒烟的过程中会取得成功。结合语境,此句中“will”后需接动词原形构成一般将来时,“success”对应的动词形式是“succeed”,“succeed in (doing) sth”是固定搭配,意思是“在(做)某事方面取得成功”。故填succeed。 4.Look! The farmers are _________ apples on the farm. (pick) 【答案】picking 【详解】句意:看!农民们正在农场里摘苹果。“Look!”是现在进行时的标志性提示词,表明动作正在进行。现在进行时的结构是“be+现在分词”,“pick”的现在分词形式是“picking”,所以此处填“picking”,用于描述农民们当下正在开展摘苹果的动作。故填picking。 5.Kevin ___________ (have) online classes now. 【答案】is having 【详解】句意:现在,凯文正在上网络课。根据“now”可知,此处指现在正在进行的动作,句子时态为现在进行时,主语为“Kevin”,应填is having。故填is having。 6.I ____________ (visit) the Sunshine Footbridge twice. It looks more fantastic at night. 【答案】have visited 【详解】句意:我已经参观过阳光天桥两次了,它晚上看起来更漂亮。根据句中的时间状语“twice”可知,此处需用现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,其结构为“have/has+过去分词”,主语I后用have,visit的过去分词为visited。故填have visited。 7.Look! The children ____________ (lie) on the grass beside Tian Ma River Park. 【答案】are lying 【详解】句意:看!孩子们正躺在天马河公园旁边的草地上。根据“Look!”可知,句子时态为现在进行时,其结构为“be动词+动词现在分词形式”;lie“躺”,动词,其现在分词形式为lying;主语“The children”为复数,be动词应用are。故填are lying。 8.Helping others ________ (make) me feel happy. 【答案】makes 【详解】句意:帮助他人让我感到快乐。此处描述事实,用一般现在时,句子主语“Helping others”是动名词短语,表示单数概念,谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。故填makes。 9.Plants ________ (provide) great support for nature over millions of years. 【答案】have provided 【详解】句意:数百万年来,植物为自然界提供了巨大的支持。根据时间状语“over millions of years”可知,强调从过去持续到现在的动作,应用现在完成时,结构为“have/has + 过去分词”;主语“Plants”为复数名词,助动词用“have”,provide的过去分词为“provided”。故填have provided。 10.Our personal information ________ (steal) if we are not careful enough on the Internet. 【答案】will be stolen 【详解】句意:如果我们在互联网上不够小心,我们的个人信息就会被盗。该句是if引导的条件状语从句,主语用一般将来时,“our personal information”是动作的承受者,因此需用一般将来时的被动语态“will be+过去分词”,故填will be stolen。 11.Jessica _________ (study) hard for her Chinese test and got good grades. 【答案】studied 【详解】句意:杰西卡为语文考试努力学习,并取得了好成绩。根据“Jessica...hard for her Chinese test and got good grades.”可知,句子中“and”连接两个并列谓语动词“study”和“got”,时态需保持一致。“got”是一般过去时,因此“study”也应用过去式“studied”。故填studied。 12.So far, he ____________ (make) quite a few friends here. 【答案】has made 【详解】句意:到目前为止,他已经在这里交了相当多的朋友。根据“So far, he...quite a few friends here.”可知,“So far”是现在完成时的标志性时间状语,结构为“have/has+过去分词”。主语“he”是第三人称单数,助动词用“has”;“make”的过去分词为“made”。故填has made。 13.She hasn’t ________ (eat) anything since morning. 【答案】eaten 【详解】句意:她从早上起就什么都没吃。根据“hasn’t”可知,句子时态为现在完成时,其结构为“have/has + 过去分词”。eat“吃”,动词,其过去分词形式为eaten。故填eaten。 14.Our teacher told us that light ________ (travel) faster than sound last term. 【答案】travels 【详解】句意:上学期我们的老师告诉我们光比声音传播得快。travel“传播”,分析句子可知,that引导宾语从句,从句内容是客观事实,故从句时态用一般现在时,主语是light,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填travels。 15.It’s been three years since we last ________ (see) our primary school classmates. 【答案】saw 【详解】句意:自从我们上次见到小学同学,已经过去三年了。“It’s been + 时间段 + since + 从句”是固定句型,从句需用一般过去时,表示“自从过去某个动作发生以来”,“see”的过去式为“saw”。故填saw。 三、语法选择 (一) 请通读下面短文,掌握其大意,根据语法和上下文连贯的要求,从每小题 所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 Human progress 1 by great inventions throughout history. The wheel, 2 around 3500 BC, completely changed transportation and farming, making work much easier. In modern times, the Internet 3 one of the most important inventions, connecting billions of people. It allows people all over the world 4 information quickly and learn new things every day. Meanwhile, scientists 5 on many amazing projects now. Some 6 ways to use 3D printing for building houses, which could help create homes faster. Others 7 about space exploration and the chance to find other planets. The James Webb Space Telescope, 8 in 2021, has already sent back incredible images of space that amaze everyone. However, new technology sometimes brings problems along with its benefits. We must be careful 9 AI tools because they might replace some jobs and affect our daily lives. Therefore, governments need to make rules 10 new inventions are used safely and responsibly. With proper management, future discoveries will continue to improve our lives and make the world better. 1.A.has been shaped B.shaped C.was shaping 2.A.inventing B.invented C.was invented 3.A.becomes B.become C.has become 4.A.share B.to share C.sharing 5.A.work B.are working C.worked 6.A.develop B.are developing C.developed 7.A.excited B.excite C.are excited 8.A.launching B.launch C.launched 9.A.with B.at C.for 10.A.so that B.because C.when 【答案】 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.A 【导语】本文主要介绍了人类发明推动社会发展,并列举了一些现代发明与科技。 1.句意:历史上伟大的发明塑造了人类的进步。 主语“Human progress”与动词shape“塑造”是被动关系, 用被动语态“be+过去分词”,选项中只有has been shaped是被动语态。 2.句意:公元前3500年左右发明的轮子彻底改变了交通和农业,使工作变得更加容易。 主语“The wheel”与动词invent“发明”是被动关系,此处为非限制性定语从句的省略形式,用过去分词invented作后置定语。 3.句意:在现代,互联网已经成为连接数十亿人的最重要的发明之一。 根据“connecting billions of people”可知,此处表示互联网在现代的影响,时态用现在完成时“have/has+过去分词”,此处填has become。 4.句意:它使世界各地的人们能够快速共享信息,每天学习新事物。 allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”,此处用share“分享”的不定式形式to share作宾语补足语。 5.句意:与此同时,科学家们正在进行许多令人惊叹的项目。 根据“now”可知,表示正在进行的事,时态用现在进行时“is/am/are+现在分词”,此处填are working。 6.句意:一些人正在开发使用3D打印建造房屋的方法,这可能有助于更快地建造房屋。 此处列举科学家们正在进行的项目,结合上文“now”可知,一些人正在开发使用3D打印建造房屋的方法,时态仍用现在进行时“is/am/are+现在分词”,此处填are developing。 7.句意:其他人对太空探索和寻找其他行星的机会感到兴奋。 be excited about“对……感到兴奋”,时态为现在时,主语Others表示复数,be动词用are,此处填are excited。 8.句意:2021年发射的詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜已经传回了令人惊叹的太空图像。 根据“in 2021”可知,时态为一般过去时,此处填动词launch“发射”的过去式launched。 9.句意:我们必须小心使用人工智能工具,因为它们可能会取代一些工作并影响我们的日常生活。be careful with表示“对……小心”。 10.句意:因此,政府需要制定规则,以便安全和负责任地使用新发明。so that“以便”引导目的状语从句。 (二) 请通读下面短文,掌握其大意,根据语法和上下文连贯的要求,从每小题 所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 At just 14 years old, Ryan Hickman, a student from a US high school, has made big news with his beach clean-up partners. On April 20, a five-week activity 1 by Ryan and many members from a volunteer group. 2 goal was to pick up rubbish from five beaches along the Southern California coast and some in Mexico. “The rubbish goes into the ocean, and sea animals eat it 3 accident,” Ryan told a local newspaper. “Picking up one piece of rubbish 4 save a turtle’s life, because every little thing we do can protect sea animals.” Since 2012, he and his helpers 5 around 2 million bottles and cans from beaches, lakes and rivers. And they stick to this 6 work all the time. Ryan first learned about 7 pollution did harm to sea animals at the Pacific Marine Mammal Center in Laguna Beach. 8 center has saved sea lions for over 40 years. When he watched the sick animals get much better after treatment, he made a decision 9 action to help them, too. Besides organizing volunteer clean-ups, Ryan has also traveled around the world to share his experiences. He gives talks to kids about protecting the Earth and oceans, and his stories are 10 part of these talks. “It’s truly fun to do this,” he said. “When I talk to people, I hope to cheer them up. Then they might start their own clean-up activities, too.” 1.A.is started B.was started C.was starting 2.A.They B.Their C.Theirs 3.A.by B.in C.for 4.A.may B.must C.should 5.A.collect B.collected C.have collected 6.A.meaning B.meaningful C.meaningfully 7.A.how B.why C.what 8.A.A B.An C.The 9.A.take B.taking C.to take 10.A.interesting B.more interesting C.the most interesting 【答案】 1.B 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.C 10.C 【导语】本文主要介绍了美国高中生Ryan Hickman通过组织海滩清洁活动来保护海洋环境和海洋动物的励志故事,以及他通过演讲鼓励更多孩子参与环保的经历。 1.句意:4 月 20 日,Ryan和一个志愿者团体的许多成员发起了一项为期五周的活动。 is started被开始,一般现在时的被动语态;was started被开始,一般过去时的被动语态;was starting正在开始,过去进行时。根据“On April 20”可知,事情发生在过去,应用过去时;根据“by Ryan”可知,主语activity与动词start之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。故选B。 2.句意:他们的目标是从南加州海岸沿线的五处海滩以及墨西哥的一些海滩捡拾垃圾。 They他们,人称代词主格;Their他们的,形容词性物主代词;Theirs他们的,名词性物主代词。根据“…goal was to pick up rubbish”可知,此处修饰名词goal,应用形容词性物主代词。故选B。 3.句意:“垃圾会进入海洋,海洋动物会误食它,” Ryan告诉当地一家报纸。 by通过;in在……里;for为了。根据“The rubbish goes into the ocean, and sea animals eat it…accident”可知,海洋动物并非故意吃垃圾,而是误食,by accident意为“意外地;偶然”,固定搭配。故选A。 4.句意:“捡起一块垃圾可能拯救一只海龟的生命,因为我们做的每一件小事都能保护海洋动物。” may可能,表推测;must必须,表必要;should应该,表建议。根据“because every little thing we do can protect sea animals”可知,此处表示一种可能性的推测,即哪怕小小的举动也有可能带来巨大的改变。故选A。 5.句意:自 2012 年以来,他和他的助手们已经从海滩、湖泊和河流中收集了约 200 万个瓶子和易拉罐。 collect收集,动词原形;collected收集,过去式;have collected已经收集,现在完成时。根据“Since 2012”可知,此处应用现在完成时,表示动作从过去持续到现在,结构为have/has+done。故选C。 6.句意:而且他们一直坚持这项有意义的工作。 meaning意义,名词;meaningful有意义的,形容词;meaningfully有意义地,副词。根据“…work”可知,此处修饰名词work,应用形容词。故选B。 7.句意:Ryan在拉古纳海滩的太平洋海洋哺乳动物中心第一次了解到污染是如何对海洋动物造成伤害的。 how如何,表方式;why为什么,表原因;what什么,表事物。根据“…pollution did harm to sea animals”可知,此处指了解污染危害海洋动物的方式或过程,用how引导宾语从句符合语境。故选A。 8.句意:该中心 40 多年来一直在救助海狮。 A一个,用于辅音音素开头的单词前,表泛指;An一个,用于元音音素开头的单词前,表泛指;The这个,表特指。根据前文提到的“Pacific Marine Mammal Center”可知,此处再次提到该中心,属于特指,应用定冠词The。故选C。 9.句意:当他看到生病的动物在治疗后好转很多时,他也决定采取行动帮助它们。 take拿,动词原形;taking拿,动名词/现在分词;to take去拿,动词不定式。根据“made a decision…action”可知,make a decision to do sth.是固定搭配,意为“决定做某事”。故选C。 10.句意:他给孩子们做关于保护地球和海洋的演讲,他的故事是这些演讲中最有趣的部分。 interesting有趣的,形容词原级;more interesting更有趣的,形容词比较级;the most interesting最有趣的,形容词最高级。根据“…part of these talks”可知,此处是在这些演讲的所有部分中进行比较,应用最高级。故选C。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司2 / 18 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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