专题1 专题强化训练10 主旨大意题——文章大意题-【备考最优解】2026版高考二轮专题复习·英语（教用课件）

专题强化训练10　主旨大意题——文章大意题 1 A (2025·江西十校协作体联考)In New York City, there lived two friends, Rachel and Bruce. Rachel's family lived in a cozy apartment in the heart of Manhattan, while Bruce's family resided in a cramped apartment on the outskirts of Brooklyn. Every day, Rachel and Bruce saw each other at school. Their laughter echoed (回响) through the campus. But as they grew older, they began to notice the differences in their lives. 专题强化训练 Rachel's family took vacations to exotic (异国情调的) destinations, while Bruce's family struggled to make ends meet. One day, Rachel invited Bruce to her birthday party at a lavish hotel overlooking Central Park. As Bruce stepped into the luxurious ballroom, he couldn't help but feel out of place. At that moment, he realized the extent of the economic inequality in their society. While some lived in luxury, others struggled to survive. 专题强化训练 Bruce discussed the issue with Rachel. They both were determined to make a difference. They joined forces to raise awareness about the issue, organized food drives, and volunteered at homeless shelters. Their efforts contributed to a movement for change. People from all walks of life came together to demand equal opportunities for every citizen. Through perseverance and solidarity, Rachel and Bruce's acts blossomed into a lighthouse of hope for the marginalized (边缘化的). 专题强化训练 As they stood side by side, gazing out at the city skyline, they hoped that together, they could create a future where economic inequality was nothing more than a distant memory. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了纽约市的两位朋友瑞秋和布鲁斯在成长过程中逐渐意识到彼此生活的经济差距，并决定通过行动推动社会变革，致力于消除经济不平等，最终激发了一场社会运动，为边缘群体带来了希望的故事。 专题强化训练 1．What does the underlined word “cramped” in the first paragraph most likely mean? A．Spacious.　　　　 B．Comfortable. C．Crowded. D．Miserable. 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Rachel's family lived in a cozy apartment...on the outskirts of Brooklyn.”可知，此处将瑞秋和布鲁斯的居住环境进行对比，“cozy” 表示舒适的，所以 “cramped” 应表示与舒适相反的居住空间状况。因此，画线词意为 “拥挤的、狭窄的”。 √ 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 专题强化训练 9 10 11 12 2．How did Bruce feel when he attended Rachel's birthday party? A．Excited and happy. B．Grateful and honored. C．Indifferent and bored. D．Uncomfortable and uneasy. 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As Bruce stepped into the luxurious ballroom...in their society.”可知，布鲁斯在豪华的环境中感到不自在。 √ 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 1 专题强化训练 9 10 11 12 3．What did Rachel and Bruce do to address economic inequality? A．They ignored the issue and focused on their studies. B．They organized food drives and volunteered at homeless shelters. C．They moved to a different city to escape the problem. D．They asked their families for financial support. 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They joined forces...at homeless shelters.”可知，他们组织食物募捐活动，在无家可归者收容所做志愿者。 √ 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 1 专题强化训练 9 10 11 12 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Rachel and Bruce's friendship grew stronger over time. B．Economic inequality inspired Rachel and Bruce to take action. C．Rachel's family was wealthier than Bruce's family. D．New York City is a place of great economic inequality. 解析：文章大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第三段内容可知，文章介绍了瑞秋和布鲁斯的家庭经济差异，接着通过生日聚会引出经济不平等的问题，随后详细讲述了两人为改变这种不平等状况所付出的努力。因此，文章的主旨是瑞秋和布鲁斯因经济不平等问题而采取行动。 √ 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 1 高中学力测评 历史 专题强化训练 9 10 11 12 B (2025·滨州二模)Even if you don't worry that artificial intelligence (AI) will destroy the human race, you might concern that its fearsome appetite for electricity will destroy the environment. But the fear of disaster is unnecessary. In absolute terms, AI may be less energy-hungry than many people assume. Better still, AI can help decarbonise the industries that have proved hardest to clean up. 专题强化训练 Consider AI's appetite for energy first. The International Energy Agency (IEA) reckons that electricity consumption by data centres could as much as triple in the next five years. Even if energy usage soars, though, the base is still low. Data centres today account for about 1.5% of the world's electricity consumption—and the vast majority of that is due to streaming, social media and online shopping, not AI. Moreover, some of AI's electricity use will help with greening the economy.AI excels at identifying complex patterns, dealing with giant data sets and perfecting systems, all of which can help reduce emissions. AI is already helping improve the efficiency of electrical grids (电网), cut fuel use in shipping and spot otherwise invisible leaks of methane, a potent greenhouse gas. 专题强化训练 The task for policymakers and industry bosses is to maximize such benefits while minimizing the climate impacts. The first is to rethink how data centers operate. The IEA notes that being able to shift workloads between different data centers at different times could reduce strain and help balance energy grids. More flexible data centers would also be a better match for the intermittent power produced by renewables such as wind and solar. 专题强化训练 Second, tech firms should hold themselves to their own environmental promises. Microsoft, for instance, aims to become “carbon negative” by 2030. A better approach would be for the tech firms to use the influence that their large demand for energy gives them to accelerate the decarbonisation of grids. They could help unblock the deployment (部署) of clean energy more widely by pushing for planning reform, and go further in supporting the development and expansion of alternative sources such as geothermal and nuclear power. Doubling down on such approaches would help transform AI from climate suspect to climate hero. 专题强化训练 【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了人工智能对能源消耗和环境的影响，并提出了通过政策制定者和行业领袖的努力，将人工智能从潜在的气候问题转变为气候解决方案的观点。 专题强化训练 5．What can we learn about AI from the first paragraph? A．It accelerates the end of human race. B．It consumes less energy than expected. C．It slows the process of decarbonisation. D．It causes great harm to our environment. 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“But the fear of disaster...that have proved hardest to clean up.”可知，人工智能消耗的能源比预期的少。 √ 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 1 专题强化训练 9 10 11 12 6．How can AI contribute to reducing emissions? A．By increasing the use of fossil fuels. B．By reducing the need for data centers. C．By replacing traditional industries entirely. D.By processing massive data and enhancing systems. 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“AI excels at...help reduce emissions.”可知，人工智能可以通过处理大量数据和完善系统来助力减排。 √ 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 1 专题强化训练 9 10 11 12 7．What suggestion does the author give to tech companies? A．Expand data centers. B．Promote cleaner energy. C．Do further research. D．Raise funds for the grids. 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“They could help...nuclear power.”可知，科技公司可以推广清洁能源。 √ 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 1 专题强化训练 9 10 11 12 8．What's the main idea of the passage? A．AI's use brings numerous economic benefits. B．AI's energy consumption raises great concern. C.AI can play a role in addressing climate problems. D.The rapid development of AI causes energy crisis. 解析：文章大意题。根据第一段内容和最后一段内容可知，文章介绍了人工智能可以在解决气候问题方面发挥作用。 √ 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 1 专题强化训练 9 10 11 12 C (2025·山东高三一模)The construction site of the future is already here as homes, office buildings and industrial sites go up around the country. Robots that can lay bricks, put up drywall and tie rebar (钢筋) are being engaged at a time when the construction industry is in major transformation. Meanwhile, start-ups are pouring even more resources into the field, including building robots that survey and monitor as well as heavy machinery that can operate on its own. They are hoping to automate a complicated field involving moving parts and vastly different sites and buildings. 专题强化训练 Fueling the wave on innovation is a construction crisis. Building costs are rising, and hundreds of thousands of jobs remain unfilled. Those who are in the industry are getting older and working under sometimes deadly conditions.Consequently, federal money is pouring in to build better infrastructure. The confluence (汇合) of factors has created a situation where more construction firms are turning to robots to automate work on job sites. Still, the burst of activity caused several workforce experts to become concerned that it could lead to job losses or a situation where people who work alongside these robots are left working more quickly and in more unsafe work environments. 专题强化训练 Robots are no stranger in the industry. An electronic commerce company uses a lot of robots in its operations, from the Roomba-like Kiva that moves packages, to Sparrow, which grasps things with human-like flexibility. But the dynamics in construction have been different, Johnson-Roberson said. The home-building industry has been slower, because many of the tasks require fine motor control, which robots have had a harder time doing, he added. 专题强化训练 Nik Theodore, the director of the Center for Urban Economic Development at the University of Illinois in Chicago, said the robots could hold promise if they can automate the often injury-suffering and deadly tasks construction workers have “in a very dangerous industry with large numbers of deaths.” But the concern, he said, is “the temptation (诱惑)” for automation to speed up job tasks and increase worker exhaustion, leading to a situation where burnout and injuries occur more, not less. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在建筑行业引入机器人的现状、好处及可能引起的问题。 专题强化训练 9．Why are start-ups investing resources into the construction field? A．To replace humans' work. B．To monitor construction workers. C．To survey the application of the robots. D．To achieve automation in the field. 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They are hoping to automate...sites and buildings.”可知，初创企业大力投资建筑领域是为了实现该领域的自动化。 √ 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 1 专题强化训练 9 10 11 12 10．What can we infer from paragraph 5? A．Robots can only be applied to some big-scale projects. B．Home-building industry needs human workers' involvement. C．Big-scale projects need training robots rather than human workers. D．Robots have an advantage over human workers in the construction. 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“The home-building industry...a harder time doing”可推知，住宅建筑业需要人类工人的参与。 √ 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 1 专题强化训练 9 10 11 12 11．What is Nik Theodore's attitude towards the robots? A．Objective. B．Critical. C．Promising. D．Subjective. 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可推知，尼克·西奥多对于机器人的态度是客观的。 √ 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 1 专题强化训练 9 11 10 12 12．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The popularity of the robots. B．The development of the robots in the industry. C．The application of robots in building houses. D．The rise of the construction industry. 解析：文章大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段中的“Robots that can lay bricks...in major transformation.”可知，文章主要介绍了机器人在房屋建造中的应用。 √ 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 1 专题强化训练 9 12 10 11 From paying for school and taking exams to finding internships, college students can face overwhelming pressure and demands. Societal, environmental, financial and relational factors are also leading to particularly high levels of stress and mental health concerns, experts say. Most students are also navigating an unfamiliar environment, living independently for the first time and facing new responsibilities. It can mean overload for some. 题源：https：//www.usnews.com/ 专题强化训练 While some stress can be healthy and even motivating, research shows high stress levels are affecting some students' decisions about pursuing a degree. In a Gallup poll that surveyed 6，000 college students enrolled in October 2024, about one-third said they considered dropping out during that fall semester, citing emotional stress and mental health struggles as the main reasons. 专题强化训练 Experts say it's important to build community in college, as socializing, having fun and finding joy in life help manage stress and are important developmentally for young adults. Clubs and extracurriculars can be good for making friends and social connections and may even lead to a career. Talking about feelings of stress can help college students cope, which is why the number of students feeling lonely is concerning, says Stephanie Marken, a senior partner at Gallup who conducted the 2024 study. If they don't feel like they belong or have a social network to call on when they're stressed, negative emotions are compounded． 专题强化训练 Maintaining healthy habits can help students manage stress. Getting the right amount of sleep and regular exercise can help regulate stress hormones like cortisol and release beneficial hormones like endorphins. Experts suggest creating a routine and sticking to it. That includes getting eight to 10 hours of sleep and avoiding late nights. A nutrient-rich diet can also go a long way in maintaining good physical and mental health. 专题强化训练 If you're dealing with chronic and unhealthy stress, contact your college and get in touch with friends and family for support. Reaching out to parents, friends or mentors can help when feelings of stress come up, especially in heightened states around midterm and final exams. Accessing student support services and counseling early can prevent a chain reaction that can lead to serious mental health challenges or unhealthy coping mechanisms, experts say. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。大学生面临多重压力，高的压力水平会影响学业决策。建社交、养习惯及寻支持等可助其缓解压力。 专题强化训练 1．According to the Gallup poll, what percentage of college students considered dropping out due to stress in fall 2024? A．10%.　　　　　　 B．25%. C．33%. D．50%. 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In a Gallup poll...as the main reasons.”可知，约三分之一的学生表示考虑退学，即33%。 √ 4 2 3 1 专题强化训练 2．What does the underlined word “compounded” most likely mean in paragraph 3? A．Forgotten.　　　　 B．Made worse. C．Shared with others. D．Easily controlled. 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，如果学生在感到压力时没有归属感或没有社交网络可以依靠，他们的负面情绪就会变得更严重。因此，compounded意为“变得更糟，被加剧”。 √ 4 2 3 1 专题强化训练 3．What can be inferred from Stephanie Marken's words about students feeling lonely? A．Lonely students are more likely to drop out. B．Lonely students have a harder time coping with stress. C．Lonely students don't want to join clubs and extracurriculars. D．Lonely students perform worse academically. 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“If they don't feel like...negative emotions are compounded.”可推知，孤独的学生在应对压力方面有更大困难。 √ 4 2 3 1 专题强化训练 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．How to avoid dropping out of college. B．The causes and solutions to college students' stress. C．The importance of socializing in college. D．The impact of stress on college students' mental health. 解析：文章大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了大学生压力的原因和解决办法。 √ 4 2 3 1 专题强化训练 A篇 [高频词]cozy adj.舒适的　make ends meet维持生计，收支相抵　out of place不合适的　extent n．程度　join forces联合　all walks of life各行各业　lighthouse n．灯塔　side by side并排地　[障碍词]reside v．居住在，定居于　outskirt n．郊区　lavish adj.奢华的　luxurious adj.奢侈的　solidarity n．团结，齐心协力　blossom v．变得更加成功(或自信)；开花　skyline n．轮廓线　 专题强化训练 B篇 [高频词]in absolute terms绝对而言　better still更好的是　clean up打扫；清除　excel at擅长　strain n．压力　[障碍词]fearsome adj.可怕的　reckon v．想；认为；料想　triple v．增至三倍　soar v．猛增　potent adj.影响巨大的　intermittent adj.间歇的　double down 加倍努力　[熟词生义]green (常用义) adj.绿色的 (文章义) v．绿化；使环保　perfect (常用义) adj.完美的 (文章义) v．使完美 专题强化训练 C篇 [高频词]on one's own独自，靠自己　complicated adj.复杂的　flexibility n．灵活性　dynamic n．动态；动作机制　speed up加快　[障碍词]start-up n．新兴公司　machinery n．机器　automate v．使自动化　unfilled adj.空缺的；停顿的　infrastructure n．基础设施　exhaustion n．筋疲力尽；用尽　burnout n．精疲力竭，过度劳累　[熟词生义]pour (常用义) v．倾倒 (文章义) v.投入　fuel (常用义) n．燃料 (文章义) v．推动，激发 专题强化训练 外刊 [高频词]semester n．学期　regulate v．调整，调节　stick to坚持　get in touch with与……取得联系　[障碍词]internship n．实习　societal adj.社会的　enroll v．登记，注册　mentor n．导师　counsel v．建议，劝告　[熟词生义]navigate (文章义) v．导航 (文章义) v．应对，处理 专题强化训练 长难句 分析 [A篇]As they stood side by side, gazing out at the city skyline, they hoped that together, they could create a future where economic inequality was nothing more than a distant memory. [分析]　本句是复合句。as引导时间状语从句；“gazing out at the city skyline”是现在分词短语作伴随状语；that引导宾语从句，其中where引导定语从句，修饰先行词a future。 [译文]　当他们并肩而立，凝视着城市的天际线时，他们希望能够一起创造一个未来，在那个未来中，经济不平等只是遥远的回忆。 专题强化训练 长难句 分析 [B篇]Even if you don't worry that artificial intelligence (AI) will destroy the human race, you might concern that its fearsome appetite for electricity will destroy the environment. [分析]　本句是复合句。even if引导让步状语从句，其中that引导宾语从句，作worry的宾语；主句中that引导宾语从句，作concern的宾语。 [译文]　即使你不担心人工智能会毁灭人类，也可能会担心其对电力的巨大消耗将破坏环境。 专题强化训练 长难句 分析 [C篇]Still, the burst of activity caused several workforce experts to become concerned that it could lead to job losses or a situation where people who work alongside these robots are left working more quickly and in more unsafe work environments. [分析]　本句是复合句。that引导宾语从句，其中it指代前面提到的“the burst of activity”；where引导定语从句，修饰先行词situation，其中who引导定语从句，修饰先行词people。 [译文]　尽管如此，这股活动热潮还是让几位劳动力专家担忧，它可能会导致失业，或者让与这些机器人共事的人们被迫工作得更快，并且处于更加不安全的工作环境中。 专题强化训练 长难句 分析 [外刊]Talking about feelings of stress can help college students cope, which is why the number of students feeling lonely is concerning, says Stephanie Marken, a senior partner at Gallup who conducted the 2024 study. [分析]　本句是复合句。“Talking about...”为动名词短语作主语；which引导非限制性定语从句， which指代前面整个主句所表达的内容；why引导表语从句；“a senior partner...”作同位语，其中who引导定语从句，修饰先行词Stephanie Marken。 [译文]　开展2024年这项研究的盖洛普公司的高级合伙人斯蒂芬妮·马肯表示，谈论对压力的感受能够帮助大学生应对压力，这就是为什么感到孤独的学生数量令人担忧。 专题强化训练 $