Unit3语法专项课件 般现在时的被动语态 2025-2026学年沪教版八年级英语下册

教学课件 沪教（牛津）英语八年级下册 Unit3语法专项—— 一般现在时的被动语态 全解精讲+分层练习 1 学习目标 1.理解被动语态的含义与主动语态的区别 2.掌握动词过去分词规则变化+不规则变化 3.掌握一般现在时被动语态肯定/否定/疑问结构 4.熟练完成主动句与被动句转换 5.能在各类题型中准确使用被动语态 被动语态基本概念 1.被动语态：主语是动作的承受者，强调“被……” 2.主动语态：主语是动作的执行者，强调“谁做……” 3.一般现在时被动：表示现阶段经常、习惯性、客观事实的被动动作 4.常用标志：被、由、受、被制作、被使用、被遵守 动词过去分词变化 规则变化（直接加ed，分4类） 1.一般动词：直接 + ed，work → worked，clean → cleaned 2.以不发音e结尾：直接 + d，live → lived，use → used 3.重读闭音节（辅+元+辅）：双写尾字母 + ed stop → stopped，plan → planned 4.辅音字母 + y结尾：变y为i + ed，study → studied，carry → carried 不规则变化（高频） 原形 过去分词 记忆提示 write written 去e加en draw drawn aw → awn make made 特殊变形 give given 去e加en see seen ee → een break broken 特殊变形 eat eaten 特殊变形 speak spoken 特殊变形 一般现在时被动语态 核心结构 1.基本公式：am / is / are + 过去分词 2.I → am + 过去分词 3.单数主语（he/she/it/单数名词）→ is + 过去分词 4.复数主语（we/you/they/复数名词）→ are + 过去分词 肯定句用法 结构：主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 + 其他 例句1：English is spoken all over the world. 解析：主语English单数 → is；speak过去分词spoken 例句2：Flowers are watered every day. 解析：主语flowers复数 → are；water规则变化→watered 例句3：I am asked to clean the room. 解析：主语I → am；ask规则变化→asked 否定句用法 结构：主语 + am/is/are + not + 过去分词 缩写：isn’t = is not；aren’t = are not 例句1：The car isn’t washed every week. 解析：主语单数 → is not；wash→washed 例句2：These trees aren’t watered in winter. 解析：主语复数 → are not；water→watered 一般疑问句用法 结构：Be动词提前 + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ 回答：Yes, 主语+be. / No, 主语+be+not. 例句：Is the room cleaned every day? 解析：room单数 → is提前；clean→cleaned 例句：Are these stories told to children? 解析：stories复数 → are提前；tell→told 特殊疑问句用法 结构：疑问词 + be + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ 常用疑问词：what / where / how / who 例句：Where are these cars made? 解析：地点提问用where；cars复数→are；make→made 例句：How is the picture drawn? 解析：方式提问用how；picture单数→is；draw→drawn by短语用法 1.结构：by + 动作执行者，表示“被/由某人做” 2.必须用by：需要强调动作是谁做的 3.可省略：不知道/不必提执行者 例句：The book is written by Mo Yan. 解析：强调作者，必须加by；write→written 主动变被动 四步法 1.找主动句宾语 → 作被动句主语 2.动词改为 be + 过去分词 3.原主语前加 by（可省略） 4.其余成分照抄，时态不变 示例：We clean the classroom. 被动：The classroom is cleaned by us. 主动变被动 1.主动：People grow tea in Hangzhou. 被动：Tea is grown in Hangzhou. 解析：tea作主语；grow→grown；省略by people 2.主动：She draws the characters. 被动：The characters are drawn by her. 解析：characters复数→are；draw→drawn 一般现在时被动 适用场景 1.不知道动作的执行者 2.不必提及动作的执行者 3.强调动作的承受者 4.描述客观事实、规律、制作流程 5.用于规则、通知、产品说明 场景例句 1.客观事实：Glass is made from sand. 解析：陈述事实，主语glass单数→is made 2.流程：The story is written before drawing. 解析：强调步骤，主语story单数→is written 3.规则：Students are asked to wear uniforms. 解析：规则常用被动，students复数→are asked 主动 vs 被动 对比 1.主动：主语做动作 → He cleans the room. 2.被动：主语承受动作 → The room is cleaned. 3.主动：侧重“谁做”，口语常用 4.被动：侧重“被做”，书面正式 5.不及物动词（happen/appear）无被动 一、写出下列动词过去分词 1.clean __________ 2. use __________ 3.stop __________ 4. carry __________ 5.write __________ 6. draw __________ 7.make __________ 8. see __________ cleaned used stopped carried written drawn made seen 二、用所给动词正确形式填空 1.This kind of food ______________ (sell) in that store. 2.Trees ______________ (plant) in spring every year. 3.The window ______________ (clean) once a week. 4.English ______________ (speak) in many countries. 5.These magazines ______________ (read) by students. is sold are planted is cleaned is spoken are read 三、否定句填空 1.The letter _____________ (not send) today. 2.These toys _____________ (not make) in China. 3.He _____________ (not allow) to go out at night. 4.The room _____________ (not clean) every day. 四、一般疑问句改写 1.They make shoes in that factory. __________ shoes __________ in that factory? 2.We use wood to make paper. __________ wood __________ to make paper? is not sent are not made is not allowed is not cleaned Are made Is used 五、主动句改被动句 1.We speak Chinese in China. 2.They make cars in this factory. 3.She cleans the room every morning. 六、单项选择 1.Silk __________ in Suzhou. A. produce B. produced C. is produced 2.These books __________ to the library every week. A. return B. are returned C. returned 3._______ this machine ________ here?A. Is; used B. Are; used C. Do; use Chinese is spoken in China. Cars are made in this factory. The room is cleaned every morning. C B A 七、短文填空 Here are some school rules. Students __________ (ask) to keep quiet.Rubbish __________ (not throw) everywhere.The classroom __________ (clean) every day. Books __________ (keep) in the bookcase. 八、英汉互译 1.这种纸是用木头做的。 2.这些画是手工绘制的。 3.教室每天都被打扫。 are asked is not thrown is cleaned are kept This kind of paper is made from wood. These pictures are drawn by hand. The classroom is cleaned every day. 课堂总结 1.过去分词：规则+ed，不规则单独记 2.被动结构：am/is/are + 过去分词 3.句式：否定加not，疑问be提前 4.转换：宾语变主语，动词变被动 5.by短语：强调执行者，可省略 教学课件 Unit3语法专项—— 一般现在时的被动语态 Thank you for listening! 23 $