Unit 6 Survival Starting out & Understanding ideas 分层同步练习-2025-2026学年高中英语外研版选择性必修第二册

Starting out & Understanding ideas 一、必备知识基础练 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.(2024浙江1月卷)On September 7,1991,the costliest hailstorm(雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary’s southern 　　　　　　(郊区).  2.The 　　　　　　(小偷) replaced the original painting with a copy.  3.(2023新课标Ⅱ卷)...a new study shows that wildness in 　　　　　　(城镇的) areas is extremely important for human well-being.  4.(2023新课标Ⅰ卷)...they cancel each other out,resulting in a more accurate 　　　　　　(估算).  5.(2024新课标Ⅱ卷)Inside the office,they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting g　　　　　　 cans and avoiding single-use plastic.  Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1.(牛津词典)Access to the club is restricted 　　　　　　members only.  2.Not only do they provide abundant resources and food for us,but they are also crucial 　　　　　　the global climate development.  3.She complained she could hardly spot 　　　　　　(migrate) birds in recent years.  4.I would appreciate 　　　　　　if you could take my invitation into account.  5.They were served lamb and she surprised herself by eating 　　　　　　(greedy).  Ⅲ.单句写作 1.又冷又饿,我在空荡荡的街道上漫无目的地徘徊,思考着我的未来。(形容词短语作状语) 　　　　　　　　　　,I wandered aimlessly in an empty street,wondering about my future.  2.无论我在数学上投入多少努力,我似乎都跟不上。(no matter how引导让步状语从句) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,I couldn’t seem to keep up.  3.令我惊讶的是,随着工作的进展,我们发现我们有许多共同的兴趣。(as引导时间状语从句) To my surprise,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,we found that we shared many common interests.  4.只有与同学和老师进行更多的交流,你才能提高你的汉语流利程度。(“only+状语”置于句首的倒装) Only by communicating more with your classmates and teachers 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  Ⅳ.情境微写作 Activity 1　单句写作 1.动物是地球上不可缺少的一部分。 Animals are 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　of our planet.  2.至关重要的是,我们要理解它们的价值,欣赏它们给我们的世界带来的美丽和意义。(crucial,appreciate) 　　　　　　　　　　 we understand their value and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　they bring to our world.  3.我们不应该限制它们的栖息地,而应该创造一个友好的环境,让它们与我们和谐相处。(restrict,fit in with) Instead of 　　　　　　　　　　　　,we must create a friendly environment that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,ensuring a harmonious coexistence.  4.只有尊重动物,我们才能真正珍惜我们共同拥有的地球。(only+状语位于句首的倒装) Only by respecting animals 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　we all share. 5.这种方法不仅有利于野生动物,也丰富了我们自己的生活,保护了我们生态系统的微妙平衡。 This approach 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　and protects the delicate balance of our ecosystem.  Activity 2　选取上面至少4个句子组成一篇“人与动物”话题的短文(注意使用恰当的衔接词) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 二、能力素养提升练 Ⅴ.阅读理解 A On Scotland’s west coast is the Firth of Clyde,a large home to thousands of porpoises(海豚) and one dolphin named Kylie.Kylie hasn’t been observed with other common dolphins in at least 14 years but she’s far from alone.On clear days in the Clyde,visitors to the marina can sometimes see Kylie swimming with porpoises,which are about two-thirds of her size. New research suggests Kylie’s ties to porpoises are closer than scientists imagined.While a common dolphin’s vocal(发声的) ability should include a diverse range of clicks,whistles (口哨声),and etc.,Kylie doesn’t whistle.Instead,she “talks” more like porpoises,which communicate using high bursts of clicks. “The study suggests that she may be communicating with the porpoises,or at least attempting to.It’s part of a growing body of work that shows a rich world of interactions(互动) between different species of dolphins,clearly,species in the wild interact much more than we thought,” says dolphin behaviour expert Denise Herzing. To learn more about Kylie’s relationship with the porpoises,scientists borrowed a device (装置) to record sounds of Kylie and porpoises when they met each other from 2016 to 2018.“She’s definitely identified as a porpoise,” says Nairn,who trained as a sea biologist in college.Researchers also studied thousands of dolphins clicks from the recordings carefully. While dolphins whistle very often,porpoises never do.Instead,they communicate with what are called narrow-band,high-frequency (NBHF) clicks.To hear an NBHF click you have to play it about one hundred times slower. Ever since February 2021,Kylie has been missing.Nairn says he can’t help but worry.Nairn and his workmates say they’re eager to look for and listen to Kylie as soon as the spring field season begins and see what else she might teach us. 1.In what way are porpoises different from dolphins? A.Porpoises are bigger in size. B.Porpoises never whistle. C.Porpoises like living in groups. D.Porpoises live in fresh waters. 2.How does Kylie communicate with the porpoises? A.By touching. B.By whispering. C.By nodding her head. D.By giving out clicks. 3.What was the device used for? A.Taking clear pictures of Kylie underwater. B.Learning more about Kylie’s habitat. C.Studying the clicks made by Kylie and the porpoises. D.Examining how sea creatures interact each other. 4.What is a good way to hear an NBHF click? A.Playing it underwater. B.Playing it repeatedly. C.Playing it in a quiet place. D.Playing it a lot more slowly. B When it comes to diatoms (硅藻类) that live in the ocean,new research suggests that photosynthesis (光合作用) is not the only strategy for accumulating carbon.Instead,these single-celled are also building biomass by feeding directly on organic carbon in the ocean. These new findings could lead researchers to reduce their estimate of how much carbon dioxide diatoms pull out of the air via photosynthesis,which in turn,could take a much closer look at the understanding of the global carbon cycle,which is especially relevant given the changing climate.The new findings were published in Science Advances on July 17,2024. The team showed that the diatom Cylindrotheca closterium,which is found in oceans around the world,regularly performs a mix of both photosynthesis and direct eating of carbon from organic sources such as plankton (浮游生物).In more than 70% of the water samples the researchers analyzed from oceans around the world,the team found signs of simultaneous photosynthesis and direct organic carbon consumption from Cylindrotheca closterium.The team also showed that this diatom species can grow much faster when consuming organic carbon in addition to photosynthesis.Furthermore,the new research hinted at the possibility that specific species of bacteria are feeding organic carbon directly to a large percentage of these diatoms living all across the global ocean.This work is based on a genome-scale metabolic modeling approach that the team used to reveal the metabolism of the diatom Cylindrotheca closterium. The team’s new metabolic modeling data support recent lab experiments suggesting that some diatoms may rely on strategies other than photosynthesis to intake the carbon they need to survive,thrive and build biomass. The UC San Diego led team is in the process of expanding the scope of the project to determine how widespread this non-photosynthetic activity is among other diatom species. 5.What’s new according to the research? A.The way of the diatom’s carbon accumulation. B.The impact of climate on diverse sea plants. C.The procedure of exploring carbon. D.The system of building biomass. 6.What do the new findings make researchers more focus on? A.The causes of climate change. B.The grasp of the carbon cycle. C.The bad effect of photosynthesis on diatoms. D.A rough estimate of the amount of carbon dioxide. 7.What do we know from paragraph 3? A.A large number of diatoms may feed on bacteria. B.The diatom lives on plankton. C.Water samples are key factors for the research. D.Diatom species grow faster with sufficient sunlight. 8.Which is the most suitable title for the text? A.Photosynthesis in Diatoms B.Plankton’s Role in Oceans C.New Carbon Strategies in Diatoms D.Advances in Modeling Data 知识积累卡 一、重点单词 1.strategy n.　　　　　　　  2.accumulate v.　　　　　　　  3.hint v.　　　　　  4.reveal v.　　　　　  二、熟词生义 burst　文中义:n.　　　　　　　　　其他义:v.　　　　　　　　  三、长难句分析 The team’s new metabolic modeling data support recent lab experiments suggesting that some diatoms may rely on strategies other than photosynthesis to intake the carbon they need to survive,thrive and build biomass. 分析:本句为主从复合句。that引导　　　　　　;they need to survive,thrive and build biomass为省略了关系代词的　　　　　　。  句意:    参考答案 Ⅰ.1.suburbs　2.thieves　3.urban　4.estimate　5.garbage Ⅱ.1.to　2.for/to　3.migratory　4.it　5.greedily Ⅲ.1.Cold and hungry　2.No matter how much effort I put into math　3.as the work progressed　4.can you improve your fluency in Chinese Ⅳ.Activity 1 1.an indispensable part　2.It is crucial that;appreciate the beauty and significance　3.restricting their habitats;allows them to fit in with us　4.can we truly cherish the Earth　5.not only benefits wildlife but also enriches our own lives Activity 2 Animals are an indispensable part of our planet.It is crucial that we understand their value and appreciate the beauty and significance they bring to our world.Instead of restricting their habitats,we must create a friendly environment that allows them to fit in with us,ensuring a harmonious coexistence.Only by respecting animals can we truly cherish the Earth we all share.This approach not only benefits wildlife but also enriches our own lives and protects the delicate balance of our ecosystem. Ⅴ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕苏格兰西海岸的一只名为Kylie的海豚展开,详细介绍了它与鼠海豚之间特殊的关系。 1.B　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“While dolphins whistle very often,porpoises never do.”可知,海豚经常吹口哨,而鼠海豚从不吹口哨,这是它们在发声方式上的不同。故选B项。 2.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Instead,she ‘talks’ more like porpoises,which communicate using high bursts of clicks.”可知,Kylie像鼠海豚一样通过发出一连串的咔哒声来交流。故选D项。 3.C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“To learn more about Kylie’s relationship with the porpoises,scientists borrowed a device to record sounds of Kylie and porpoises when they met each other from 2016 to 2018.”可知,该装置是用来记录Kylie和鼠海豚相遇时发出的声音,也就是研究它们发出的咔哒声。故选C项。 4.D　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“To hear an NBHF click you have to play it about one hundred times slower.”可知,要听到窄带高频(NBHF)咔哒声,需要将其播放速度放慢约一百倍。故选D项。 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个新的研究发现——海洋硅藻不仅通过光合作用积累碳,还通过直接摄取海水中的有机碳来构建生物量。 5.A　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,新研究发现海洋硅藻不仅通过光合作用积累碳,还通过直接摄取海水中的有机碳来构建生物量。这说明硅藻积累碳的方式是新的发现。故选A项。 6.B　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知,这些新发现可能会导致研究人员减少他们对硅藻通过光合作用从空气中吸收二氧化碳量的估计,转而更加关注全球碳循环的理解。故选B项。 7.A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Furthermore,the new research hinted at the possibility that specific species of bacteria are feeding organic carbon directly to a large percentage of these diatoms living all across the global ocean.”可知,大量的硅藻可能以细菌为食。故选A项。 8.C　标题归纳题。根据第一段内容以及通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了硅藻在积累碳方面新的发现,即硅藻不仅通过光合作用积累碳,还通过直接摄取海水中的有机碳来构建生物量。这是硅藻在碳积累方面的新策略。故选C项。 知识积累卡 一、1.策略,部署　2.积累,积聚　3.暗示　4.揭示 二、一阵　爆发,爆裂 三、宾语从句　定语从句 该团队的新代谢模型数据支持了近期实验室实验得出的结论,即某些硅藻可能依靠除光合作用之外的策略来摄取其生存、繁衍和构建生物量所需的碳。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $