内容正文:
【知识精讲】什么是定语从句?使用定语从句需要注意哪些问题?
在复合句中修饰、限制名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰限制的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that, as等,关系副词有when, where, why等。定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种,这里讲述的是限制性定语从句。
1. 关系代词的用法
在定语从句中使用什么关系代词,通常取决于主句中的先行词和它在从句中充当的成分。具体请看如下表格:
在从句中作主语
在从句中作宾语
在从句中作定语
先行词是人
that, who
that, who, whom
whose
先行词是物
that, which
which/that
This is the person who/that helped me. 这是帮助我的人。
(关系代词who/that在从句中作主语)
This is the house which/that he bought last year. 这就是他去年买的房子。
(关系代词which在从句中作宾语)
The man who/that/whom I talked to just now was L Ming’s father.
我刚才与之谈话的那个男人是李明的爸爸。
(关系代词who/that/whom在从句中作宾语)
1)关系代词who和whom是用来指代人的先行词。who在从句中作主语,口语中也可用来指代宾语,而whom只能用来指代宾语。当指代宾语时关系代词who或whom可以省略。例如:
Where is the man who talked to you just now?
刚才跟你讲话的那个人现在在哪儿?(who在从句中作主语)
Where is the man whom (who) you met just now?
你刚才遇见的那个人在哪儿?(whom/who在从句中作宾语,可省略)
注意:(whom 作介词宾语,介词在关系代词前面,只能用whom而不能用who)。例如:
Where is the man with whom you talk just now?
刚才跟你谈话的那个人在哪儿?
2)关系