Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature（词汇讲练）-2025-2026学年下学期八年级英语单元知识基础巩固（人教版）

该初中英语单元知识清单全面梳理了八年级下册Unit 4 "The Wonders of Nature"词汇内容，涵盖单元词汇背默、核心词汇讲练及强化训练三大知识范畴，搭建从基础记忆到用法应用再到综合提升的递进式学习支架。 清单采用“分层讲练+多维巩固”构建知识体系，如核心词汇“wonder”从释义、搭配到单句填空分层设计，培养学生语言能力与学习能力。特别设计“词汇默写清单”和“多题型巩固练习”，不同基础学生可高效掌握，教师可据此精准设计教学，提升课堂实效。

2025-2026学年下学期八年级英语单元知识基础巩固(人教版2024) Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature词汇讲练 目录 第一部分 单元词汇背默锁定基础 高效学习 第二部分 核心词汇讲练用法精析 变式巩固 第三部分 词汇强化训练深度优化 扫清盲区 ◇Part 01 单元词汇清单 Unit 4 词汇背诵清单 ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 wonder n.奇观；惊叹；v.琢磨；想知道；感到诧异 measurement n.数量；测量 square kilometre平方千米 below prep.在(或到)……下面；少于；低于；adv.在(或到)下面 level n.高度；水平；程度 surface n.表面；表层 depth n.深(度);纵深 dive v.&n.潜水；跳水；俯冲 research v.&n.研究；调查 vessel n.大船；轮船 unusual adj.特别的；不寻常的 bottom n.底部；最下部 waterfall n.瀑布 civilization(=civilisation)n.文明 means n.(pl.means)方式；途径 development n.发展；壮大 desert n.沙漠；荒原 cubic adj.立方的 mile n.英里 pool n.池塘；水坑 climber n.攀登者；登山者 northern adj.北部的；向北的 distance n.距离；遥远 survive v.生存；存活；艰难度过 condition n.状态；境况 degree n.度；度数；程度 cliff n.悬崖；峭壁 changeable adj.可能变化的；易变的；常变的 death n.死亡；毁灭；破灭 determined adj.有决心的；坚决的 above prep.在(或向)……上面；超过；adv.在(或向)上面；在(或向)高处；超过 teammate n.同队队员；队友 shoulder n.肩膀；肩部 bit by bit一点一点地；逐渐地 ladder n.梯子；阶梯；途径 measure v.测量；量度为；n.措施；度量单位 successfully adv.成功地；顺利地 risk v.使……·冒风险(或面临危险) n.危险；风险 curiosity n.好奇心；求知欲 ambition n.追求的目标；野心；雄心 explorer n.探险者；勘探者 simply adv.仅仅；只；简单地 risky adj.有危险(或风险)的 southern adj.南部的；向南的 located adj.位于；坐落在 freshwater adj.淡水的；淡水中生长的 type n.类型；种类 attract v.吸引；招引；引起(反应) curious adj.好奇的；求知欲强的 traveller (=traveler)n.旅行者；游客 natural adj.自然的；天然的；天生的 underwater adj.水下的；用于水下的；adv.在水下 northeastern adj.东北的；东北方向的 coast n.海岸；海滨 coral n.珊瑚；珊瑚虫 reef n.礁；礁脉 include v.包含；包括 sand n.沙子 alive adj.活着；在世；有活力 structure n.结构(体);构造；体系 snorkel v.使用呼吸管潜泳；n.(浮潜用的)呼吸管 school n.(鱼、鲸、海豚等的)群 turtle n.海龟；龟 lifetime n.一生；终身 Unit 4 词汇默写清单 __________n.奇观；惊叹；v.琢磨；想知道；感到诧异 __________n.数量；测量 __________平方千米 __________ prep.在(或到)……下面；少于；低于；adv.在(或到)下面 __________n.高度；水平；程度 __________ n.表面；表层 __________n.深(度);纵深 __________v.&n.潜水；跳水；俯冲 __________v.&n.研究；调查 __________n.大船；轮船 __________adj.特别的；不寻常的 __________n.底部；最下部 __________ n.瀑布 __________(=__________)n.文明 __________n.(pl.__________)方式；途径 __________n.发展；壮大 __________ n.沙漠；荒原 __________ adj.立方的 __________n.英里 __________n.池塘；水坑 __________ n.攀登者；登山者 __________adj.北部的；向北的 __________n.距离；遥远 __________v.生存；存活；艰难度过 __________n.状态；境况 __________n.度；度数；程度 __________n.悬崖；峭壁 __________adj.可能变化的；易变的；常变的 __________ n.死亡；毁灭；破灭 __________adj.有决心的；坚决的 __________prep.在(或向)……上面；超过；adv.在(或向)上面；在(或向)高处；超过 __________ n.同队队员；队友 __________n.肩膀；肩部 __________一点一点地；逐渐地 __________n.梯子；阶梯；途径 __________v.测量；量度为；n.措施；度量单位 __________adv.成功地；顺利地 __________v.使……·冒风险(或面临危险) n.危险；风险 __________ n.好奇心；求知欲 __________n.追求的目标；野心；雄心 __________n.探险者；勘探者 __________adv.仅仅；只；简单地 __________adj.有危险(或风险)的 __________adj.南部的；向南的 __________adj.位于；坐落在 __________adj.淡水的；淡水中生长的 __________n.类型；种类 __________v.吸引；招引；引起(反应) __________adj.好奇的；求知欲强的 __________ (=__________)n.旅行者；游客 __________adj.自然的；天然的；天生的 __________ adj.水下的；用于水下的；adv.在水下 __________ adj.东北的；东北方向的 __________n.海岸；海滨 __________n.珊瑚；珊瑚虫 __________n.礁；礁脉 __________v.包含；包括 __________ n.沙子 __________adj.活着；在世；有活力 __________n.结构(体);构造；体系 __________v.使用呼吸管潜泳；n.(浮潜用的)呼吸管 __________n.(鱼、鲸、海豚等的)群 __________n.海龟；龟 __________n.一生；终身 ◇Part 02 核心词汇讲练 1.wonder n.奇观；惊叹；v.琢磨；想知道；感到诧异 【用法释义】作名词时，指令人惊叹的事物、奇观，也可表示“惊叹”的情绪；作动词时，指思考、琢磨某事，或对某事感到好奇、诧异。 【搭配积累】n. 常见搭配：natural wonder（自然奇观）、in wonder（惊奇地）、a sense of wonder（惊奇感) v. 常见搭配：wonder about sth.（琢磨某事）、wonder if/whether...（想知道是否……）、wonder at sth.（对某事感到诧异） 【用法示例】 The Great Wall is one of the greatest wonders in the world.（长城是世界上最伟大的奇观之一。) I wonder if she will come to the party tonight.（我想知道她今晚是否会来参加派对。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1.There are many natural ______ in our country that attract millions of visitors every year. A. wonders B. wonder C. wonderful D. wondering 2.—I ______ what time the meeting will start. —It will start at 9 o’clock sharp. A. wonder B. wonder about C. wonder at D. wondering 3.All the children looked at the magic show ______ wonder. A. on B. in C. with D. at （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4.She stared at the beautiful painting in ______ (wonder). 5.I often ______ (wonder) why he is always late for work. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6.我想知道你是否能帮我解决这个问题。（wonder） I ______ ______ you can help me solve this problem. 7.金字塔是古埃及的一大奇观。（wonder） The Pyramids are one of the great ______ of ancient Egypt. 2.below prep.在(或到)……下面；少于；低于；adv.在(或到)下面 【用法释义】作介词时，指位置在某物下方（不接触）、数量或程度少于/低于某一标准；作副词时，指位置在下方、在较低处。 【搭配积累】prep. 常见搭配：below zero（零度以下）、below average（低于平均水平）、below the table（私下里) adv. 常见搭配：see below（见下文）、far below（远在下方） 【用法示例】 The temperature will drop below zero tonight.（今晚气温将降到零度以下。) Please write your name below.（请把你的名字写在下面。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1.The river is 5 meters ______ sea level, so it’s easy to flood in rainy season. A. below B. under C. above D. over 2.His score in the exam is ______ average, so he needs to study harder. A. above B. below C. beside D. behind 3.—Where is the book I put here just now? —It’s ______ the desk. A. below B. under C. on D. in （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4.The number of students in our class is ______ (below) 50. 5.Please read the instructions ______ (below) carefully before using the machine. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6.今晚的温度将低于零度。（below） The temperature tonight will be ______ ______. 7.请在签名线下面写下你的联系方式。（below） Please write your contact information ______ the signature line. 3.research v.&n.研究；调查 【用法释义】作动词和名词时，均表示对某一主题进行深入的调查、研究，以获取信息或得出结论。 【搭配积累】v. 常见搭配：research sth.（研究某物）、research into/on sth.（对某物进行研究) n. 常见搭配：do research（做研究）、conduct research（开展研究）、research on/into sth.（关于某物的研究） 【用法示例】 He spent three years researching the history of this city.（他花了三年时间研究这座城市的历史。) She is doing research on environmental protection.（她正在做关于环境保护的研究。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1.The scientists are ______ into the cause of the disease to find a cure. A. researching B. doing C. conducting D. making 2.She has done a lot of ______ on climate change and published many papers. A. research B. researches C. researchs D. researching 3.We need to ______ the problem carefully before making a decision. A. research on B. research into C. research about D. research with （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4.He ______ (research) the effects of smoking for over ten years. 5.The team is conducting ______ (research) on new energy sources. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6.他花了两年时间研究这个古老的习俗。（research） He spent two years ______ ______ this ancient custom. 7.我们需要做更多的研究来验证这个理论。（research） We need to do more ______ to test this theory. 4.unusual adj.特别的；不寻常的 【搭配积累】常见搭配：unusual weather（异常天气）、unusual experience（不寻常的经历）、unusual for sb./sth.（对某人/某物来说不寻常）、something unusual（不寻常的事情） 【用法示例】 It is unusual for him to be late, because he is always on time.（他迟到是不寻常的，因为他总是很准时。) She has an unusual collection of ancient coins.（她有一套特别的古币收藏。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1.There is something ______ in the sky. Is it a plane or a bird? A. usual B. unusual C. usually D. unusually 2.It’s ______ for her to refuse such a good offer—she always likes new challenges. A. usual B. unusual C. common D. ordinary 3.The weather this winter is very ______; it’s much warmer than last year. A. unusual B. usual C. normally D. normal （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4.This is an ______ (usual) story that I have never heard before. 5.It is ______ (unusual) for him to stay up late, because he goes to bed at 10 o’clock every night. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6.昨天我们经历了一次不寻常的旅行。（unusual） We had an ______ ______ yesterday. 7.对一个孩子来说，能说出这样的话是不寻常的。（unusual） It is ______ ______ a child to say such words. 5.means n.(pl.means)方式；途径 【用法释义】单复数同形（单数和复数均为means），指实现某一目的的方法、方式或途径。 【搭配积累】常见搭配：by means of（通过……方式）、a means of（一种……的方式/途径）、different means（不同的方式）、means of transportation（交通工具） 【用法示例】 We can solve this problem by means of communication.（我们可以通过沟通的方式解决这个问题。) The Internet is an important means of getting information.（互联网是获取信息的重要途径。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1.He made a living by ______ of selling newspapers when he was young. A. mean B. means C. way D. methods 2.There are many ______ of learning English, such as listening to tapes and reading books. A. mean B. means C. way D. method 3.The train is a safe and cheap ______ of transportation. A. means B. mean C. way D. manner （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4.We need to find a better ______ (mean) to improve our English skills. 5.He succeeded by ______ (mean) of hard work and persistence. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6.我们可以通过多种方式解决这个问题。（means） We can solve this problem in many ______. 7.电子邮件是一种方便的沟通方式。（means） E-mail is a convenient ______ of communication. 6.distance n.距离；遥远 【搭配积累】常见搭配：a long distance（远距离）、short distance（短距离）、distance between A and B（A和B之间的距离）、in the distance（在远处）、keep a distance from（与……保持距离） 【用法示例】 The distance between my home and school is about two kilometers.（我家到学校的距离大约是两公里。) We saw a ship in the distance.（我们看到远处有一艘船。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1.What’s the ______ between Beijing and Shanghai? It’s about 1300 kilometers. A. distance B. way C. road D. length 2.We could see the mountains ______ the distance as we drove on the highway. A. on B. in C. at D. to 3.She doesn’t like to walk a long ______, so she always takes the bus to work. A. distance B. way C. path D. journey （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4.The ______ (distance) between the two cities is about 500 kilometers. 5.We should keep a safe ______ (distance) from the fire. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6.我家到公园的距离步行只需10分钟。（distance） The ______ from my home to the park is only 10 minutes’ walk. 7.远处的灯光看起来很微弱。（distance） The lights in ______ ______ look very dim. 7.survive v.生存；存活；艰难度过 【搭配积累】常见搭配：survive sth.（从某事中存活下来）、survive on sth.（靠某物生存）、survive from...（从……延续下来）、survive in...（在……中生存） 【用法示例】 Only a few people survived the car accident.（只有少数人在那场车祸中幸存下来。) Many animals survive on very little water in the desert.（许多动物在沙漠中靠很少的水生存。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1.He was lucky to ______ the earthquake and start a new life. A. survive B. live C. stay D. remain 2.The plants can ______ on very little sunlight in the deep forest. A. survive B. live C. grow D. develop 3.Only a few old traditions have ______ from ancient times to now. A. survived B. lived C. existed D. stayed （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4.He ______ (survive) the flood by holding onto a big tree. 5.Many homeless people survive ______ (on) food given by volunteers. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6.他在那场大火中幸存了下来，但烧伤很严重。（survive） He ______ the big fire, but he was badly burned. 7.这些动物在寒冷的冬天靠储存的食物生存。（survive） These animals ______ ______ the stored food in the cold winter. 8. condition n.状态；境况 【用法释义】指人或事物的状态、状况，可用于形容身体、环境、物品等的情况；也可指“条件”（此处侧重题干要求的“状态；境况”）。 【搭配积累】常见搭配：in good condition（状态良好）、in bad/poor condition（状态糟糕）、the condition of sth.（某物的状态）、living conditions（生活境况） 【用法示例】 His health is in good condition after taking exercise regularly.（定期锻炼后，他的身体状况很好。) The living conditions in this area have improved a lot.（这个地区的生活境况已经改善了很多。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1.The old building is in very poor ______, so it needs to be repaired immediately. A. condition B. state C. situation D. position 2.Her father’s health is in good ______ because he keeps a balanced diet. A. condition B. shape C. form D. way 3.We should pay more attention to the ______ of the homeless people and help them. A. conditions B. condition C. situation D. state （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4.The car is still in good ______ (condition) after being used for five years. 5.The living ______ (condition) in the countryside have become better and better. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6.这辆自行车虽然旧，但状态很好。（condition） Although the bike is old, it is in ______ ______. 7.我们需要改善这里的工作境况。（condition） We need to improve the working ______ here. 9. degree n.度；度数；程度 【搭配积累】常见搭配：degree of...（……的程度）、ten degrees（十度）、degree Celsius（摄氏度）、to some degree（在某种程度上） 【用法示例】 The temperature is 25 degrees Celsius today.（今天的气温是25摄氏度。) To some degree, his success is due to his hard work.（在某种程度上，他的成功归功于他的努力。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1.The temperature will drop to five ______ below zero tonight. A. degrees B. degree C. level D. levels 2.To some ______, you are right, but you need to consider other people’s opinions. A. degree B. degrees C. level D. levels 3.The angle between the two lines is 90 ______, so it’s a right angle. A. degrees B. degree C. grades D. grade （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4.The temperature is 30 ______ (degree) Celsius today. 5.To some ______ (degree), his mistake is understandable. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6.今天的气温是32摄氏度。（degree） The temperature today is 32 ______ ______. 7.在某种程度上，我们都应该为这件事负责。（degree） To some ______, we are all responsible for this matter. 10. death n.死亡；毁灭；破灭 【搭配积累】常见搭配：the death of sb.（某人的死亡）、die of/from（死于……，动词短语）、death rate（死亡率）、the death of a dream（梦想的破灭） 【用法示例】 The death of his grandfather made him very sad.（他爷爷的去世让他非常伤心。) The war led to the death of many innocent people.（战争导致了许多无辜者的死亡。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1.The ______ of his pet dog made him cry for a long time. A. death B. die C. dead D. dying 2.The doctor said that his illness could lead to ______ if he didn’t receive treatment in time. A. death B. die C. dead D. dying 3.The ______ rate in this area has decreased a lot in recent years. A. death B. die C. dead D. dying （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4.The ______ (die) of his father changed his life completely. 5.We were shocked by the sudden ______ (death) of the famous actor. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6.他的死亡是一场意外。（death） His ______ was an accident. 7.吸烟会增加心脏病死亡的风险。（death） Smoking can increase the risk of ______ from heart disease. 11. determined adj.有决心的；坚决的 【搭配积累】常见搭配：be determined to do sth.（决心做某事）、a determined look（坚定的表情）、determined effort（坚定的努力） 【用法示例】 She is determined to finish the task on time no matter how difficult it is.（无论多么困难，她都决心按时完成任务。) He has a determined look on his face when he talks about his dream.（当他谈论自己的梦想时，脸上带着坚定的表情。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1.She is ______ to learn English well, so she practices every day. A. determined B. decide C. decision D. determining 2.With a ______ look, he said he would never give up. A. determined B. determining C. decide D. decision 3.He is ______ to pass the exam, so he studies late every night. A. determined B. happy C. sad D. afraid （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4.She is ______ (determine) to become a doctor when she grows up. 5.His ______ (determine) effort helped him achieve his goal. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6.他决心要克服所有困难。（determined） He ______ ______ to overcome all the difficulties. 7.她用坚定的眼神看着我，告诉我她不会放弃。（determined） She looked at me with a ______ ______ and told me she would not give up. 12. measure v.测量；量度为；n.措施；度量单位 【用法释义】作动词时，指用工具测量长度、重量、温度等，或表示“量度为……”；作名词时，指为解决问题而采取的“措施”，或表示“度量单位”。 【搭配积累】v. 常见搭配：measure sth.（测量某物）、measure + 数字 + 单位（量度为……) n. 常见搭配：take measures to do sth.（采取措施做某事）、a measure of（一种……的度量单位） 【用法示例】 He measured the length of the table with a ruler.（他用尺子测量了桌子的长度。) The government has taken measures to protect the environment.（政府已经采取措施保护环境。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1.Please ______ the height of the wall and tell me the result. A. measure B. take C. make D. do 2.The government has taken ______ to reduce air pollution. A. measures B. measure C. ways D. methods 3.The room ______ 5 meters long and 3 meters wide. A. measures B. is measured C. takes D. makes （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4.He ______ (measure) the temperature of the water and found it was 20 degrees. A. measures B. measured C. measuring D. to measure 5.We should take effective ______ (measure) to solve this problem. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6.请测量一下这块布的长度。（measure） Please ______ the ______ of this cloth. 7.政府必须采取措施帮助失业人员。（measure） The government must ______ ______ to help the unemployed. 13. risk v.使……冒风险(或面临危险)； n.危险；风险 【用法释义】作动词时，指使某人或某物面临危险、冒风险；作名词时，指可能发生的危险、风险，侧重不确定的负面结果。 【搭配积累】v. 常见搭配：risk sth.（冒……的风险）、risk doing sth.（冒险做某事）、risk one’s life（冒着生命危险) n. 常见搭配：take a risk（冒险）、take the risk of doing sth.（冒着做某事的风险）、the risk of sth.（……的风险） 【用法示例】 He risked his life to save the child from the fire.（他冒着生命危险从火中救出了那个孩子。) There is a high risk of rain this afternoon.（今天下午下雨的风险很高。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1.He ______ his job by arguing with his boss. A. risked B. risk C. risky D. risking 2.Don’t ______ the risk of driving after drinking—it’s very dangerous. A. take B. make C. do D. have 3.There is a great ______ of getting lost in the forest if you don’t take a map. A. risk B. danger C. chance D. possibility （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4.He ______ (risk) losing his job when he refused to follow the rules. 5.We should not take any ______ (risk) when it comes to safety. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6.他冒险跳进河里救那个溺水的男孩。（risk） He ______ ______ into the river to save the drowning boy. 7.吸烟有患肺癌的风险。（risk） Smoking has the ______ ______ getting lung cancer. 14. simply adv.仅仅；只；简单地 【用法释义】表示“仅仅、只”，强调数量或程度上的有限；表示“简单地”，强调方式简洁、不复杂。 【搭配积累】常见搭配：simply put（简单地说）、simply because（仅仅因为）、not simply...but...（不仅仅……而且……）、simply a matter of（仅仅是……的问题） 【用法示例】 It is simply a matter of time before we finish the task.（我们完成任务仅仅是时间问题。) Please explain the problem simply so that everyone can understand.（请简单地解释这个问题，让每个人都能明白。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1.I ______ want to say thank you for your help. A. simply B. simple C. easy D. easily 2.It is ______ a misunderstanding—we don’t need to argue about it. A. simply B. simple C. just D. only 3.______ put, you need to work harder if you want to pass the exam. A. Simply B. Simple C. Easily D. Easy （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4.The problem is ______ (simple) a matter of communication. 5.He didn’t do it on purpose; he ______ (simple) forgot. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6.我仅仅是想知道事情的真相。（simply） I ______ ______ to know the truth of the matter. 7.简单地说，我们必须在明天之前完成这项工作。（simply） ______ ______, we must finish this work before tomorrow. 15. located adj.位于；坐落在 【搭配积累】常见搭配：be located in（位于……之内）、be located on（位于……之上/旁边）、be located at（位于……具体地点） 【用法示例】 Our school is located in the center of the city.（我们的学校位于城市的中心。) The museum is located on the banks of the river.（这座博物馆坐落在河岸上。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1.The new hospital is ______ in the western part of our city. A. located B. locate C. locating D. location 2.The small village is ______ on the foot of the mountain. A. located B. lie C. lay D. lain 3.The company’s headquarters is ______ at No. 108 Main Street. A. located B. placed C. put D. set （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4.The hotel ______ (locate) near the train station is very popular. 5.Our school is ______ (locate) in a quiet neighborhood. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6.这座古老的寺庙位于山顶。（located） This ancient temple ______ ______ on the top of the mountain. 7.我们的公司坐落在市中心的一栋高楼里。（located） Our company ______ ______ in a tall building in the city center. 16. type n.类型；种类 【搭配积累】常见搭配：a type of（一种……类型）、different types of（不同类型的）、type of sth.（某物的类型）、the type of（……的类型） 【用法示例】 There are many different types of flowers in the garden.（花园里有许多不同类型的花。) This is the type of book I like to read.（这是我喜欢读的那种类型的书。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1.What ______ of music do you like best? I like pop music. A. type B. kind C. sort D. way 2.There are several ______ of birds in the forest, including sparrows and eagles. A. types B. type C. kind D. sort 3.This is a new ______ of computer that is smaller and faster. A. type B. types C. kind D. sorts （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4.There are many different ______ (type) of animals in the zoo. 5.This ______ (type) of food is very popular among young people. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6.这种类型的手机很便宜。（type） This ______ ______ mobile phone is very cheap. 7.商店里有不同种类的水果。（type） There are different ______ ______ fruits in the shop. 17. attract v.吸引；招引；引起(反应) 【搭配积累】常见搭配：attract sb.’s attention（吸引某人的注意力）、attract s B. to sth.（吸引某人关注某物）、attract interest（引起兴趣）、attract customers（吸引顾客） 【用法示例】 The beautiful scenery attracted many tourists.（美丽的风景吸引了许多游客。) Her smile attracted everyone’s attention.（她的微笑吸引了所有人的注意力。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1.The bright colors of the flowers ______ many bees and butterflies. A. attract B. attracte C. attracts D. attracting 2.Her wonderful performance ______ the attention of the audience. A. attracted B. caught C. drew D. all of the above 3.The new shopping mall ______ a lot of customers since it opened. A. has attracted B. attracted C. attracts D. attracting （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4.The interesting book ______ (attract) many readers since it was published. 5.The beautiful view of the lake ______ (attract) many people to come here every year. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6.这个展览吸引了大量的参观者。（attract） This exhibition ______ a large number of visitors. 7.他的演讲引起了所有听众的注意。（attract） His speech ______ ______ ______ of all the listeners. 18. curious adj.好奇的；求知欲强的 【搭配积累】常见搭配：be curious about sth.（对某物好奇）、be curious to do sth.（好奇做某事）、a curious look（好奇的表情）、curious about the world（对世界充满好奇） 【用法示例】 Children are always curious about everything around them.（孩子们总是对周围的一切充满好奇。) She is curious to know what happened yesterday.（她好奇地想知道昨天发生了什么事。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1.The little boy is ______ about the stars in the sky and often asks his father questions. A. curious B. interested C. eager D. anxious 2.She is ______ to know the result of the exam, so she keeps checking her phone. A. curious B. happy C. sad D. afraid 3.There was a ______ look on her face when she saw the strange box. A. curious B. curiously C. interest D. interested （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4.Children are naturally ______ (curious) about the world around them. 5.He is ______ (curious) to find out who sent him the gift. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6.我对他的过去很好奇。（curious） I am ______ ______ his past. 7.她好奇地想知道这个秘密是什么。（curious） She is ______ ______ know what the secret is. 19. include v.包含；包括 【搭配积累】常见搭配：include sth.（包含某物）、include s B. in sth.（把某人包含在某物中）、including（介词，包括……在内）、included（形容词，被包含在内） 【用法示例】 The price of the ticket includes breakfast and lunch.（票价包含早餐和午餐。) Everyone is here, including Tom.（所有人都到了，包括汤姆在内。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1.The package ______ a book, a pen and a notebook. A. includes B. include C. including D. included 2.All the students, ______ Li Ming, will take part in the sports meeting. A. including B. include C. included D. includes 3.The cost of the trip ______ transportation and accommodation. A. includes B. includes in C. includes into D. includes to （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4.The menu ______ (include) a variety of delicious dishes. 5.Everyone, including me, ______ (be) looking forward to the holiday. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6.这份礼物包含一张卡片和一束花。（include） This gift ______ a card and a bunch of flowers. 7.我们班有30个学生，包括5个男生。（include） There are 30 students in our class, ______ 5 boys. 20. alive adj.活着；在世；有活力 【搭配积累】常见搭配：be alive（活着）、be alive with（充满……）、stay alive（活下去）、alive and well（健在、状况良好） 【用法示例】 I was so happy to hear that he is still alive.（听到他还活着的消息，我非常开心。) The forest is alive with birds singing.（森林里充满了鸟儿的歌声，生机勃勃。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1.Is the old man still ______? I haven’t seen him for a long time. A. alive B. living C. live D. lively 2.The city is ______ with people and cars during the daytime. A. alive B. living C. live D. lively 3.He managed to stay ______ after being trapped in the mine for three days. A. alive B. living C. live D. lively （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4.We were all surprised to find that the cat was still ______ (alive) after the fire. 5.The party was full of fun and ______ (alive) with laughter and music. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6.他的爷爷仍然在世，身体很健康。（alive） His grandfather is still ______ and healthy. 7.这片森林充满了生机。（alive） This forest is ______ ______ all kinds of animals. 21. structure n.结构(体);构造；体系 【搭配积累】常见搭配：the structure of sth.（某物的结构）、building structure（建筑结构）、social structure（社会体系）、sentence structure（句子结构） 【用法示例】 The structure of this building is very strong, so it can resist earthquakes.（这座建筑的结构非常坚固，所以能抵御地震。) We need to improve the structure of our company.（我们需要改善公司的体系。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1.The ______ of the human body is very complex. A. structure B. build C. form D. shape 2.We need to learn about the ______ of a sentence to write correctly. A. structure B. structure C. form D. shape 3.The old bridge has a simple ______ but it is very strong. A. structure B. build C. form D. shape （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4.The ______ (structure) of this article is clear and easy to understand. 5.Engineers are checking the ______ (structure) of the bridge to ensure safety. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6.这座大楼的结构很独特。（structure） The ______ of this building is very unique. 7.我们需要改变公司的管理体系。（structure） We need to change the management ______ of our company. ◇Part 03 词汇强化训练 提｜升｜练｜习 单项选择 1. The Great Wall is one of the greatest ______ in the world. A. wonder B. wonders C. wonderful D. wondering 2. We need to take some ______ to solve the environmental problem. A. measure B. measures C. measurement D. measuring 3. This forest covers an area of about 500 ______. A. square kilometre B. square kilometres C. kilometre square D. kilometres square 4. The temperature is ______ zero today, so you need to wear warm clothes. A. below B. above C. under D. over 5. The water ______ of the lake is much higher than last year because of heavy rain. A. level B. surface C. depth D. bottom 6. The ______ of the table is smooth and clean after being polished. A. level B. surface C. depth D. bottom 7. The ______ of this river is about 20 meters, so it’s dangerous to swim here. A. level B. surface C. depth D. bottom 8. The little boy likes to ______ into the swimming pool in summer. A. dive B. jump C. run D. walk 9. Scientists are doing ______ on how to protect endangered animals. A. research B. a research C. researches D. researchs 10. A big ______ sailed across the sea and arrived at the port yesterday. A. vessel B. car C. bus D. bike 11. It’s ______ to see snow in this southern city in winter. A. usual B. unusual C. usually D. unusually 12. There is a small stone at the ______ of the bottle. A. level B. surface C. depth D. bottom 13. I saw a beautiful ______ when I traveled to the mountain area last month. A. waterfall B. river C. lake D. sea 14. Ancient Egyptian ______ is famous all over the world for its pyramids. A. civilisation B. civilize C. civil D. civility 15. We can use different ______ to communicate with each other, like phones and emails. A. mean B. means C. meaning D. meant 16. The ______ of technology makes our life more convenient. A. develop B. development C. developing D. developed 17. The Sahara is the largest ______ in the world. A. desert B. forest C. ocean D. mountain 18. The volume of this box is 20 ______ meters. A. square B. cubic C. round D. flat 19. My home is about two ______ away from the school. A. mile B. miles C. meter D. meters 20. There is a small ______ in the park where children like to feed ducks. A. pool B. river C. sea D. ocean 21. Those ______ spent three days climbing the high mountain. A. climb B. climber C. climbers D. climbing 22. The ______ part of the country is very cold in winter. A. northern B. southern C. northeastern D. western 23. The ______ between my home and the supermarket is about 1 kilometer. A. distance B. space C. place D. area 24. Few plants can ______ in the dry desert without water. A. live B. survive C. stay D. keep 25. The old man is in poor ______ and he has to stay in hospital. A. condition B. situation C. state D. position 26. The temperature today is 30 ______ Celsius. A. degrees B. degree C. grade D. grades 27. The mountain is full of steep ______, so it’s not suitable for hiking. A. cliffs B. hills C. mountains D. plains 28. The weather in spring is very ______, so you’d better take an umbrella when going out. A. change B. changeable C. changed D. changing 29. The ______ of his pet dog made him very sad. A. die B. dead C. death D. dying 30. She is a ______ girl and she will never give up her dream. A. determine B. determined C. determining D. determination 31. The plane is flying ______ the clouds, so we can’t see it clearly. A. below B. above C. under D. behind 32. He put his hand on my ______ and encouraged me to try again. A. head B. shoulder C. face D. back 33. You will learn English well ______ if you keep practicing every day. A. bit by bit B. a bit C. bit of D. a bit of 34. We need a ______ to get to the top of the shelf to take the box. A. ladder B. chair C. table D. stool 35. They ______ the room and found it was 10 meters long and 5 meters wide. A. measured B. met C. mess D. miss 36. The firefighters ______ saved all the people from the burning building. A. success B. successful C. successfully D. succeed 37. Don’t ______ your life to do such dangerous things. A. risk B. take C. make D. do 38. Children usually have a strong ______ about the world around them. A. curious B. curiosity C. cure D. care 39. His ______ is to become a famous scientist in the future. A. ambition B. dream C. hope D. wish 40. The ______ went to the Amazon rainforest to explore new plants and animals. A. explore B. explorer C. explorers D. exploring $2025-2026学年下学期八年级英语单元知识基础巩固(人教版2024) Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature词汇讲练 目录 第一部分 单元词汇背默锁定基础 高效学习 第二部分 核心词汇讲练用法精析 变式巩固 第三部分 词汇强化训练深度优化 扫清盲区 ◇Part 01 单元词汇清单 Unit 4 词汇背诵清单 ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 wonder n.奇观；惊叹；v.琢磨；想知道；感到诧异 measurement n.数量；测量 square kilometre平方千米 below prep.在(或到)……下面；少于；低于；adv.在(或到)下面 level n.高度；水平；程度 surface n.表面；表层 depth n.深(度);纵深 dive v.&n.潜水；跳水；俯冲 research v.&n.研究；调查 vessel n.大船；轮船 unusual adj.特别的；不寻常的 bottom n.底部；最下部 waterfall n.瀑布 civilization(=civilisation)n.文明 means n.(pl.means)方式；途径 development n.发展；壮大 desert n.沙漠；荒原 cubic adj.立方的 mile n.英里 pool n.池塘；水坑 climber n.攀登者；登山者 northern adj.北部的；向北的 distance n.距离；遥远 survive v.生存；存活；艰难度过 condition n.状态；境况 degree n.度；度数；程度 cliff n.悬崖；峭壁 changeable adj.可能变化的；易变的；常变的 death n.死亡；毁灭；破灭 determined adj.有决心的；坚决的 above prep.在(或向)……上面；超过；adv.在(或向)上面；在(或向)高处；超过 teammate n.同队队员；队友 shoulder n.肩膀；肩部 bit by bit一点一点地；逐渐地 ladder n.梯子；阶梯；途径 measure v.测量；量度为；n.措施；度量单位 successfully adv.成功地；顺利地 risk v.使……·冒风险(或面临危险) n.危险；风险 curiosity n.好奇心；求知欲 ambition n.追求的目标；野心；雄心 explorer n.探险者；勘探者 simply adv.仅仅；只；简单地 risky adj.有危险(或风险)的 southern adj.南部的；向南的 located adj.位于；坐落在 freshwater adj.淡水的；淡水中生长的 type n.类型；种类 attract v.吸引；招引；引起(反应) curious adj.好奇的；求知欲强的 traveller (=traveler)n.旅行者；游客 natural adj.自然的；天然的；天生的 underwater adj.水下的；用于水下的；adv.在水下 northeastern adj.东北的；东北方向的 coast n.海岸；海滨 coral n.珊瑚；珊瑚虫 reef n.礁；礁脉 include v.包含；包括 sand n.沙子 alive adj.活着；在世；有活力 structure n.结构(体);构造；体系 snorkel v.使用呼吸管潜泳；n.(浮潜用的)呼吸管 school n.(鱼、鲸、海豚等的)群 turtle n.海龟；龟 lifetime n.一生；终身 Unit 4 词汇默写清单 __________n.奇观；惊叹；v.琢磨；想知道；感到诧异 __________n.数量；测量 __________平方千米 __________ prep.在(或到)……下面；少于；低于；adv.在(或到)下面 __________n.高度；水平；程度 __________ n.表面；表层 __________n.深(度);纵深 __________v.&n.潜水；跳水；俯冲 __________v.&n.研究；调查 __________n.大船；轮船 __________adj.特别的；不寻常的 __________n.底部；最下部 __________ n.瀑布 __________(=__________)n.文明 __________n.(pl.__________)方式；途径 __________n.发展；壮大 __________ n.沙漠；荒原 __________ adj.立方的 __________n.英里 __________n.池塘；水坑 __________ n.攀登者；登山者 __________adj.北部的；向北的 __________n.距离；遥远 __________v.生存；存活；艰难度过 __________n.状态；境况 __________n.度；度数；程度 __________n.悬崖；峭壁 __________adj.可能变化的；易变的；常变的 __________ n.死亡；毁灭；破灭 __________adj.有决心的；坚决的 __________prep.在(或向)……上面；超过；adv.在(或向)上面；在(或向)高处；超过 __________ n.同队队员；队友 __________n.肩膀；肩部 __________一点一点地；逐渐地 __________n.梯子；阶梯；途径 __________v.测量；量度为；n.措施；度量单位 __________adv.成功地；顺利地 __________v.使……·冒风险(或面临危险) n.危险；风险 __________ n.好奇心；求知欲 __________n.追求的目标；野心；雄心 __________n.探险者；勘探者 __________adv.仅仅；只；简单地 __________adj.有危险(或风险)的 __________adj.南部的；向南的 __________adj.位于；坐落在 __________adj.淡水的；淡水中生长的 __________n.类型；种类 __________v.吸引；招引；引起(反应) __________adj.好奇的；求知欲强的 __________ (=__________)n.旅行者；游客 __________adj.自然的；天然的；天生的 __________ adj.水下的；用于水下的；adv.在水下 __________ adj.东北的；东北方向的 __________n.海岸；海滨 __________n.珊瑚；珊瑚虫 __________n.礁；礁脉 __________v.包含；包括 __________ n.沙子 __________adj.活着；在世；有活力 __________n.结构(体);构造；体系 __________v.使用呼吸管潜泳；n.(浮潜用的)呼吸管 __________n.(鱼、鲸、海豚等的)群 __________n.海龟；龟 __________n.一生；终身 ◇Part 02 核心词汇讲练 1.wonder n.奇观；惊叹；v.琢磨；想知道；感到诧异 【用法释义】作名词时，指令人惊叹的事物、奇观，也可表示“惊叹”的情绪；作动词时，指思考、琢磨某事，或对某事感到好奇、诧异。 【搭配积累】n. 常见搭配：natural wonder（自然奇观）、in wonder（惊奇地）、a sense of wonder（惊奇感) v. 常见搭配：wonder about sth.（琢磨某事）、wonder if/whether...（想知道是否……）、wonder at sth.（对某事感到诧异） 【用法示例】 The Great Wall is one of the greatest wonders in the world.（长城是世界上最伟大的奇观之一。) I wonder if she will come to the party tonight.（我想知道她今晚是否会来参加派对。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1.There are many natural ______ in our country that attract millions of visitors every year. A. wonders B. wonder C. wonderful D. wondering 2.—I ______ what time the meeting will start. —It will start at 9 o’clock sharp. A. wonder B. wonder about C. wonder at D. wondering 3.All the children looked at the magic show ______ wonder. A. on B. in C. with D. at （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4.She stared at the beautiful painting in ______ (wonder). 5.I often ______ (wonder) why he is always late for work. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6.我想知道你是否能帮我解决这个问题。（wonder） I ______ ______ you can help me solve this problem. 7.金字塔是古埃及的一大奇观。（wonder） The Pyramids are one of the great ______ of ancient Egypt. 答案与解析 1.A 【解析】many后接可数名词复数，wonder作“奇观”讲时为可数名词，复数形式为wonders；B为单数，C为形容词，D为现在分词，均不符合语境。 2.A 【解析】空格处缺少谓语动词，主语为I，用动词原形；wonder后可直接接宾语从句，wonder about后接名词/代词，wonder at后接名词表示“对……诧异”，D为非谓语动词，故选A。 3.B 【解析】固定搭配in wonder表示“惊奇地”，此处修饰动词短语looked at，符合句意；其他介词无此搭配。 4.wonder 【解析】in为介词，后接名词，wonder作名词时可直接使用，in wonder表示“惊奇地”，符合语境。 5.wonder 【解析】句子主语为I，时态为一般现在时，谓语动词用原形wonder。 6.wonder if/whether 【解析】“想知道是否……”对应固定搭配wonder if/whether，主语为I，用动词原形。 7.wonders 【解析】one of后接可数名词复数，“奇观”用wonder，复数形式为wonders。 2.below prep.在(或到)……下面；少于；低于；adv.在(或到)下面 【用法释义】作介词时，指位置在某物下方（不接触）、数量或程度少于/低于某一标准；作副词时，指位置在下方、在较低处。 【搭配积累】prep. 常见搭配：below zero（零度以下）、below average（低于平均水平）、below the table（私下里) adv. 常见搭配：see below（见下文）、far below（远在下方） 【用法示例】 The temperature will drop below zero tonight.（今晚气温将降到零度以下。) Please write your name below.（请把你的名字写在下面。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1.The river is 5 meters ______ sea level, so it’s easy to flood in rainy season. A. below B. under C. above D. over 2.His score in the exam is ______ average, so he needs to study harder. A. above B. below C. beside D. behind 3.—Where is the book I put here just now? —It’s ______ the desk. A. below B. under C. on D. in （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4.The number of students in our class is ______ (below) 50. 5.Please read the instructions ______ (below) carefully before using the machine. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6.今晚的温度将低于零度。（below） The temperature tonight will be ______ ______. 7.请在签名线下面写下你的联系方式。（below） Please write your contact information ______ the signature line. 答案与解析 1.A 【解析】表示“低于海平面”用固定搭配below sea level；under强调“在某物正下方且接触”，above和over表示“在上方”，均不符合语境。 2.B 【解析】根据后半句“需要更努力学习”，可知分数“低于平均水平”，below average为固定搭配；above表示“高于”，beside和behind无此含义。 3.A 【解析】below表示“在下方（不强调正下方）”，under强调“正下方”；结合语境，书不一定在桌子正下方，故选A；on和in不符合“下方”的含义。 4.below 【解析】below此处为介词，后接数字，表示“少于”，可直接使用，符合句意。 5.below 【解析】below此处为副词，修饰动词read，表示“在下面”，see below/read below为固定表达，直接用原形。 6.below zero 【解析】“零度以下”对应固定搭配below zero，符合句意。 7.below 【解析】此处需要介词，“在……下面”用below，强调位置在签名线下方（不接触）。 3.research v.&n.研究；调查 【用法释义】作动词和名词时，均表示对某一主题进行深入的调查、研究，以获取信息或得出结论。 【搭配积累】v. 常见搭配：research sth.（研究某物）、research into/on sth.（对某物进行研究) n. 常见搭配：do research（做研究）、conduct research（开展研究）、research on/into sth.（关于某物的研究） 【用法示例】 He spent three years researching the history of this city.（他花了三年时间研究这座城市的历史。) She is doing research on environmental protection.（她正在做关于环境保护的研究。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1.The scientists are ______ into the cause of the disease to find a cure. A. researching B. doing C. conducting D. making 2.She has done a lot of ______ on climate change and published many papers. A. research B. researches C. researchs D. researching 3.We need to ______ the problem carefully before making a decision. A. research on B. research into C. research about D. research with （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4.He ______ (research) the effects of smoking for over ten years. 5.The team is conducting ______ (research) on new energy sources. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6.他花了两年时间研究这个古老的习俗。（research） He spent two years ______ ______ this ancient custom. 7.我们需要做更多的研究来验证这个理论。（research） We need to do more ______ to test this theory. 答案与解析 1.A 【解析】research into为固定搭配，表示“对……进行研究”，空格处为谓语动词，用现在进行时，故选A；do/conduct后需接research，make无此搭配。 2.A 【解析】research为不可数名词，无复数形式，故选A；B、C均为错误复数形式，D为动名词，不符合语境。 3.B 【解析】research into/on为固定搭配，表示“研究某物”，无research about/with的搭配，故选B。 4.has researched 【解析】根据时间状语for over ten years，可知句子用现在完成时，主语为He，谓语动词用has+过去分词，research的过去分词为researched。 5.research 【解析】research为不可数名词，conduct research为固定搭配，直接用原形。 6.researching into 【解析】spend time doing sth.为固定搭配，“研究……”用research into，故填researching into。 7.research 【解析】“做研究”为do research，research为不可数名词，直接用原形。 4.unusual adj.特别的；不寻常的 【搭配积累】常见搭配：unusual weather（异常天气）、unusual experience（不寻常的经历）、unusual for sb./sth.（对某人/某物来说不寻常）、something unusual（不寻常的事情） 【用法示例】 It is unusual for him to be late, because he is always on time.（他迟到是不寻常的，因为他总是很准时。) She has an unusual collection of ancient coins.（她有一套特别的古币收藏。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1.There is something ______ in the sky. Is it a plane or a bird? A. usual B. unusual C. usually D. unusually 2.It’s ______ for her to refuse such a good offer—she always likes new challenges. A. usual B. unusual C. common D. ordinary 3.The weather this winter is very ______; it’s much warmer than last year. A. unusual B. usual C. normally D. normal （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4.This is an ______ (usual) story that I have never heard before. 5.It is ______ (unusual) for him to stay up late, because he goes to bed at 10 o’clock every night. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6.昨天我们经历了一次不寻常的旅行。（unusual） We had an ______ ______ yesterday. 7.对一个孩子来说，能说出这样的话是不寻常的。（unusual） It is ______ ______ a child to say such words. 答案与解析 1.B 【解析】something后接形容词作后置定语，根据句意“天空中有不寻常的东西”，故选unusual（不寻常的) usual（寻常的）不符合句意，usually（副词）、unusually（副词）不能修饰不定代词。 2.B 【解析】根据后半句“她总是喜欢新挑战”，可知“拒绝好机会对她来说是不寻常的”，unusual符合句意；usual（寻常的）、common（普通的）、ordinary（普通的）均不符合语境。 3.A 【解析】根据“比去年暖和得多”，可知今年冬天天气“不寻常”，unusual（不寻常的）为形容词，作表语；usual（寻常的）不符合句意，normally（副词）、normal（形容词，正常的）均不合适。 4.unusual 【解析】根据句意“这是一个我从未听过的不寻常的故事”，需用usual的否定形式unusual，修饰名词story。 5.unusual 【解析】固定句式It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.，此处需用形容词unusual，符合句意“他熬夜是不寻常的”。 6.unusual trip 【解析】“不寻常的旅行”为unusual trip，an后接以元音音素开头的形容词，unusual符合要求。 7.unusual for 【解析】固定句式It is unusual for sb. to do sth.，表示“对某人来说做某事是不寻常的”，故填unusual for。 5.means n.(pl.means)方式；途径 【用法释义】单复数同形（单数和复数均为means），指实现某一目的的方法、方式或途径。 【搭配积累】常见搭配：by means of（通过……方式）、a means of（一种……的方式/途径）、different means（不同的方式）、means of transportation（交通工具） 【用法示例】 We can solve this problem by means of communication.（我们可以通过沟通的方式解决这个问题。) The Internet is an important means of getting information.（互联网是获取信息的重要途径。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1.He made a living by ______ of selling newspapers when he was young. A. mean B. means C. way D. methods 2.There are many ______ of learning English, such as listening to tapes and reading books. A. mean B. means C. way D. method 3.The train is a safe and cheap ______ of transportation. A. means B. mean C. way D. manner （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4.We need to find a better ______ (mean) to improve our English skills. 5.He succeeded by ______ (mean) of hard work and persistence. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6.我们可以通过多种方式解决这个问题。（means） We can solve this problem in many ______. 7.电子邮件是一种方便的沟通方式。（means） E-mail is a convenient ______ of communication. 答案与解析 1.B 【解析】固定搭配by means of表示“通过……方式”，means单复数同形，故选B；mean为动词（意思是），way和methods需与介词in搭配，不符合语境。 2.B 【解析】many后接可数名词复数，means单复数同形，符合要求；mean为动词，way的复数为ways，method的复数为methods，均不符合选项形式。 3.A 【解析】固定搭配a means of sth.表示“一种……的方式/途径”，符合句意“火车是一种安全便宜的交通工具”；mean为动词，way和manner无此搭配。 4.means 【解析】means单复数同形，a better后接单数形式（此处means为单数含义），表示“一种更好的方式”。 5.means 【解析】固定搭配by means of，means此处为名词，用原形即可。 6.means 【解析】many后接可数名词复数，means单复数同形，in many means表示“通过多种方式”。 7.means 【解析】“一种……的方式”为a means of，means此处为单数含义，用原形即可。 6.distance n.距离；遥远 【搭配积累】常见搭配：a long distance（远距离）、short distance（短距离）、distance between A and B（A和B之间的距离）、in the distance（在远处）、keep a distance from（与……保持距离） 【用法示例】 The distance between my home and school is about two kilometers.（我家到学校的距离大约是两公里。) We saw a ship in the distance.（我们看到远处有一艘船。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1.What’s the ______ between Beijing and Shanghai? It’s about 1300 kilometers. A. distance B. way C. road D. length 2.We could see the mountains ______ the distance as we drove on the highway. A. on B. in C. at D. to 3.She doesn’t like to walk a long ______, so she always takes the bus to work. A. distance B. way C. path D. journey （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4.The ______ (distance) between the two cities is about 500 kilometers. 5.We should keep a safe ______ (distance) from the fire. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6.我家到公园的距离步行只需10分钟。（distance） The ______ from my home to the park is only 10 minutes’ walk. 7.远处的灯光看起来很微弱。（distance） The lights in ______ ______ look very dim. 答案与解析 1.A 【解析】根据答语“大约1300公里”，可知问句询问“距离”，distance符合句意；way（道路、方式）、road（公路）、length（长度）均不符合语境。 2.B 【解析】固定搭配in the distance表示“在远处”，符合句意“我们在高速公路上行驶时，能看到远处的山”；其他介词无此搭配。 3.A 【解析】固定搭配a long distance表示“远距离、长距离”，符合句意“她不喜欢走很远的路”；way（路）、path（小路）、journey（旅程）均无此搭配。 4.distance 【解析】distance为不可数名词，此处表示“两个城市之间的距离”，直接用原形即可。 5.distance 【解析】固定搭配keep a safe distance from表示“与……保持安全距离”，distance为名词，用原形。 6.distance 【解析】“……的距离”为the distance from...to...，distance用原形即可。 7.the distance 【解析】“在远处”为in the distance，固定搭配，故填the distance。 7.survive v.生存；存活；艰难度过 【搭配积累】常见搭配：survive sth.（从某事中存活下来）、survive on sth.（靠某物生存）、survive from...（从……延续下来）、survive in...（在……中生存） 【用法示例】 Only a few people survived the car accident.（只有少数人在那场车祸中幸存下来。) Many animals survive on very little water in the desert.（许多动物在沙漠中靠很少的水生存。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1.He was lucky to ______ the earthquake and start a new life. A. survive B. live C. stay D. remain 2.The plants can ______ on very little sunlight in the deep forest. A. survive B. live C. grow D. develop 3.Only a few old traditions have ______ from ancient times to now. A. survived B. lived C. existed D. stayed （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4.He ______ (survive) the flood by holding onto a big tree. 5.Many homeless people survive ______ (on) food given by volunteers. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6.他在那场大火中幸存了下来，但烧伤很严重。（survive） He ______ the big fire, but he was badly burned. 7.这些动物在寒冷的冬天靠储存的食物生存。（survive） These animals ______ ______ the stored food in the cold winter. 答案与解析 1.A 【解析】survive sth.表示“从某事中存活下来”，符合句意“他很幸运地从地震中幸存，开始了新的生活”；live（居住、生活）、stay（停留）、remain（保持）均无此含义。 2.A 【解析】survive on sth.表示“靠某物生存”，符合句意“这些植物在深林里靠很少的阳光生存”；live（生活）、grow（生长）、develop（发展）均无此搭配。 3.A 【解析】survive from...表示“从……延续下来”，符合句意“只有少数古老传统从古代延续到现在”；live（生活）、exist（存在）、stay（停留）均不符合语境。 4.survived 【解析】根据句意，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，survive的过去式为survived。 5.on 【解析】固定搭配survive on sth.，表示“靠某物生存”，故填介词on。 6.survived 【解析】句子描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，survive的过去式为survived。 7.survive on 【解析】“靠某物生存”为survive on sth.，句子主语为复数，用一般现在时，动词用原形。 8. condition n.状态；境况 【用法释义】指人或事物的状态、状况，可用于形容身体、环境、物品等的情况；也可指“条件”（此处侧重题干要求的“状态；境况”）。 【搭配积累】常见搭配：in good condition（状态良好）、in bad/poor condition（状态糟糕）、the condition of sth.（某物的状态）、living conditions（生活境况） 【用法示例】 His health is in good condition after taking exercise regularly.（定期锻炼后，他的身体状况很好。) The living conditions in this area have improved a lot.（这个地区的生活境况已经改善了很多。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1.The old building is in very poor ______, so it needs to be repaired immediately. A. condition B. state C. situation D. position 2.Her father’s health is in good ______ because he keeps a balanced diet. A. condition B. shape C. form D. way 3.We should pay more attention to the ______ of the homeless people and help them. A. conditions B. condition C. situation D. state （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4.The car is still in good ______ (condition) after being used for five years. 5.The living ______ (condition) in the countryside have become better and better. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6.这辆自行车虽然旧，但状态很好。（condition） Although the bike is old, it is in ______ ______. 7.我们需要改善这里的工作境况。（condition） We need to improve the working ______ here. 答案与解析 1.A 【解析】固定搭配in poor condition表示“状态糟糕”，符合句意“这座老建筑状态很差，需要立即修缮”；state（状态）、situation（情况）、position（位置）均无此搭配。 2.A 【解析】固定搭配in good condition表示“状态良好”，侧重身体、物品等的状态；in good shape也可表示“状态好”，但题干侧重“身体境况”，condition更贴合；form（形式）、way（方式）不符合语境。 3.A 【解析】living conditions表示“生活境况”，为固定搭配，用复数形式；condition为单数，侧重“单一状态”，situation（情况）、state（状态）均不符合搭配。 4.condition 【解析】固定搭配in good condition，condition为不可数名词，用原形即可。 5.conditions 【解析】living conditions为固定搭配，“生活境况”常用复数形式，故填conditions。 6.good condition 【解析】“状态良好”为in good condition，固定搭配，直接填空即可。 7.conditions 【解析】“工作境况”为working conditions，常用复数形式，故填conditions。 9. degree n.度；度数；程度 【搭配积累】常见搭配：degree of...（……的程度）、ten degrees（十度）、degree Celsius（摄氏度）、to some degree（在某种程度上） 【用法示例】 The temperature is 25 degrees Celsius today.（今天的气温是25摄氏度。) To some degree, his success is due to his hard work.（在某种程度上，他的成功归功于他的努力。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1.The temperature will drop to five ______ below zero tonight. A. degrees B. degree C. level D. levels 2.To some ______, you are right, but you need to consider other people’s opinions. A. degree B. degrees C. level D. levels 3.The angle between the two lines is 90 ______, so it’s a right angle. A. degrees B. degree C. grades D. grade （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4.The temperature is 30 ______ (degree) Celsius today. 5.To some ______ (degree), his mistake is understandable. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6.今天的气温是32摄氏度。（degree） The temperature today is 32 ______ ______. 7.在某种程度上，我们都应该为这件事负责。（degree） To some ______, we are all responsible for this matter. 答案与解析 1.A 【解析】degree作“度数”讲时为可数名词，five后接复数形式degrees；degree为单数，level（水平）不符合句意。 2.A 【解析】固定搭配to some degree表示“在某种程度上”，some后接单数形式degree；degrees为复数，level（水平）不符合搭配。 3.A 【解析】90后接可数名词复数，degree作“度数”讲，复数为degrees；grade（年级、等级）不符合句意。 4.degrees 【解析】30后接可数名词复数，degree的复数为degrees，“摄氏度”为degrees Celsius。 5.degree 【解析】固定搭配to some degree，degree用单数形式即可。 6.degrees Celsius 【解析】“摄氏度”为degrees Celsius，32后接复数degrees，故填degrees Celsius。 7.degree 【解析】“在某种程度上”为to some degree，固定搭配，填degree即可。 10. death n.死亡；毁灭；破灭 【搭配积累】常见搭配：the death of sb.（某人的死亡）、die of/from（死于……，动词短语）、death rate（死亡率）、the death of a dream（梦想的破灭） 【用法示例】 The death of his grandfather made him very sad.（他爷爷的去世让他非常伤心。) The war led to the death of many innocent people.（战争导致了许多无辜者的死亡。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1.The ______ of his pet dog made him cry for a long time. A. death B. die C. dead D. dying 2.The doctor said that his illness could lead to ______ if he didn’t receive treatment in time. A. death B. die C. dead D. dying 3.The ______ rate in this area has decreased a lot in recent years. A. death B. die C. dead D. dying （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4.The ______ (die) of his father changed his life completely. 5.We were shocked by the sudden ______ (death) of the famous actor. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6.他的死亡是一场意外。（death） His ______ was an accident. 7.吸烟会增加心脏病死亡的风险。（death） Smoking can increase the risk of ______ from heart disease. 答案与解析 1.A 【解析】空格处需填名词作主语，death为名词（死亡) die为动词，dead为形容词，dying为形容词（垂死的），均不符合语法要求。 2.A 【解析】lead to后接名词，death为名词，符合句意“如果不及时治疗，他的病可能会导致死亡”；die（动词）、dead（形容词）、dying（形容词）均不符合。 3.A 【解析】固定搭配death rate表示“死亡率”，death为名词作定语；其他选项均不能与rate搭配。 4.death 【解析】空格处需填名词作主语，die的名词形式为death，符合句意“他父亲的去世彻底改变了他的生活”。 5.death 【解析】sudden为形容词，后接名词，death为名词，符合句意“我们对这位著名演员的突然去世感到震惊”。 6.death 【解析】“他的死亡”为his death，death为名词，用原形即可。 7.death 【解析】the risk of后接名词，“死于心脏病”为death from heart disease，故填death。 11. determined adj.有决心的；坚决的 【搭配积累】常见搭配：be determined to do sth.（决心做某事）、a determined look（坚定的表情）、determined effort（坚定的努力） 【用法示例】 She is determined to finish the task on time no matter how difficult it is.（无论多么困难，她都决心按时完成任务。) He has a determined look on his face when he talks about his dream.（当他谈论自己的梦想时，脸上带着坚定的表情。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1.She is ______ to learn English well, so she practices every day. A. determined B. decide C. decision D. determining 2.With a ______ look, he said he would never give up. A. determined B. determining C. decide D. decision 3.He is ______ to pass the exam, so he studies late every night. A. determined B. happy C. sad D. afraid （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4.She is ______ (determine) to become a doctor when she grows up. 5.His ______ (determine) effort helped him achieve his goal. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6.他决心要克服所有困难。（determined） He ______ ______ to overcome all the difficulties. 7.她用坚定的眼神看着我，告诉我她不会放弃。（determined） She looked at me with a ______ ______ and told me she would not give up. 答案与解析 1.A 【解析】固定搭配be determined to do sth.表示“决心做某事”，determined为形容词，作表语；decide为动词，decision为名词，determining为现在分词，均不符合语法要求。 2.A 【解析】空格处需填形容词修饰look（表情），determined（坚定的）修饰人或人的表情；determining（决定性的）修饰事物，decide（动词）、decision（名词）均不符合。 3.A 【解析】根据后半句“每天学到很晚”，可知他“决心通过考试”，determined符合句意；happy（开心的）、sad（难过的）、afraid（害怕的）均不符合语境。 4.determined 【解析】固定搭配be determined to do sth.，determined为形容词，用原形即可。 5.determined 【解析】空格处需填形容词修饰effort（努力），determined（坚定的）符合句意，作定语。 6.is determined 【解析】“决心做某事”为be determined to do sth.，主语为He，用is determined。 7.determined look 【解析】“坚定的眼神”为a determined look，determined修饰look，符合句意。 12. measure v.测量；量度为；n.措施；度量单位 【用法释义】作动词时，指用工具测量长度、重量、温度等，或表示“量度为……”；作名词时，指为解决问题而采取的“措施”，或表示“度量单位”。 【搭配积累】v. 常见搭配：measure sth.（测量某物）、measure + 数字 + 单位（量度为……) n. 常见搭配：take measures to do sth.（采取措施做某事）、a measure of（一种……的度量单位） 【用法示例】 He measured the length of the table with a ruler.（他用尺子测量了桌子的长度。) The government has taken measures to protect the environment.（政府已经采取措施保护环境。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1.Please ______ the height of the wall and tell me the result. A. measure B. take C. make D. do 2.The government has taken ______ to reduce air pollution. A. measures B. measure C. ways D. methods 3.The room ______ 5 meters long and 3 meters wide. A. measures B. is measured C. takes D. makes （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4.He ______ (measure) the temperature of the water and found it was 20 degrees. A. measures B. measured C. measuring D. to measure 5.We should take effective ______ (measure) to solve this problem. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6.请测量一下这块布的长度。（measure） Please ______ the ______ of this cloth. 7.政府必须采取措施帮助失业人员。（measure） The government must ______ ______ to help the unemployed. 答案与解析 1.A 【解析】measure sth.表示“测量某物”，符合句意“请测量一下墙的高度并告诉我结果”；take（拿）、make（制作）、do（做）均无此含义。 2.A 【解析】固定搭配take measures to do sth.表示“采取措施做某事”，measures为复数形式；measure为单数，way（方式）、method（方法）无此搭配。 3.A 【解析】measure表示“量度为……”时，为不及物动词，无被动语态，主语为the room，用一般现在时，故选A；is measured为被动语态，不符合用法。 4.measured 【解析】根据后半句found，可知句子用一般过去时，measure的过去式为measured。 5.measures 【解析】take measures为固定搭配，measures用复数形式，effective修饰measures，符合句意。 6.measure; length 【解析】“测量长度”为measure the length of sth.，please后接动词原形，故填measure; length。 7.take measures 【解析】“采取措施”为take measures，must后接动词原形，故填take measures。 13. risk v.使……冒风险(或面临危险)； n.危险；风险 【用法释义】作动词时，指使某人或某物面临危险、冒风险；作名词时，指可能发生的危险、风险，侧重不确定的负面结果。 【搭配积累】v. 常见搭配：risk sth.（冒……的风险）、risk doing sth.（冒险做某事）、risk one’s life（冒着生命危险) n. 常见搭配：take a risk（冒险）、take the risk of doing sth.（冒着做某事的风险）、the risk of sth.（……的风险） 【用法示例】 He risked his life to save the child from the fire.（他冒着生命危险从火中救出了那个孩子。) There is a high risk of rain this afternoon.（今天下午下雨的风险很高。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1.He ______ his job by arguing with his boss. A. risked B. risk C. risky D. risking 2.Don’t ______ the risk of driving after drinking—it’s very dangerous. A. take B. make C. do D. have 3.There is a great ______ of getting lost in the forest if you don’t take a map. A. risk B. danger C. chance D. possibility （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4.He ______ (risk) losing his job when he refused to follow the rules. 5.We should not take any ______ (risk) when it comes to safety. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6.他冒险跳进河里救那个溺水的男孩。（risk） He ______ ______ into the river to save the drowning boy. 7.吸烟有患肺癌的风险。（risk） Smoking has the ______ ______ getting lung cancer. 答案与解析 1.A 【解析】空格处缺少谓语动词，结合句意“他和老板争吵，冒着失去工作的风险”，用一般过去时，risk的过去式为risked；B为原形（主语为He，一般现在时需用risks），C为形容词，D为现在分词，均不符合。 2.A 【解析】固定搭配take the risk of doing sth.表示“冒着做某事的风险”，故选A；其他动词无此搭配。 3.A 【解析】固定搭配a risk of sth.表示“……的风险”，符合句意“如果不带地图，在森林里迷路的风险很大”；danger（危险）、chance（机会）、possibility（可能性）均无此搭配。 4.risked 【解析】根据后半句refused，可知句子用一般过去时，risk的过去式为risked，risk doing sth.为固定搭配。 5.risks 【解析】take any risks表示“冒任何风险”，risk为可数名词，any后接复数形式risks。 6.risked jumping 【解析】“冒险做某事”为risk doing sth.，句子描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，risk的过去式为risked，“跳进”为jumping。 7.risk of 【解析】“……的风险”为the risk of doing sth.，故填risk of。 14. simply adv.仅仅；只；简单地 【用法释义】表示“仅仅、只”，强调数量或程度上的有限；表示“简单地”，强调方式简洁、不复杂。 【搭配积累】常见搭配：simply put（简单地说）、simply because（仅仅因为）、not simply...but...（不仅仅……而且……）、simply a matter of（仅仅是……的问题） 【用法示例】 It is simply a matter of time before we finish the task.（我们完成任务仅仅是时间问题。) Please explain the problem simply so that everyone can understand.（请简单地解释这个问题，让每个人都能明白。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1.I ______ want to say thank you for your help. A. simply B. simple C. easy D. easily 2.It is ______ a misunderstanding—we don’t need to argue about it. A. simply B. simple C. just D. only 3.______ put, you need to work harder if you want to pass the exam. A. Simply B. Simple C. Easily D. Easy （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4.The problem is ______ (simple) a matter of communication. 5.He didn’t do it on purpose; he ______ (simple) forgot. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6.我仅仅是想知道事情的真相。（simply） I ______ ______ to know the truth of the matter. 7.简单地说，我们必须在明天之前完成这项工作。（simply） ______ ______, we must finish this work before tomorrow. 答案与解析 1.A 【解析】空格处需填副词修饰动词want，simply为副词，意为“仅仅”；simple为形容词，easy为形容词，easily为副词（容易地），均不符合句意。 2.A 【解析】simply此处表示“仅仅、只不过”，符合句意“这仅仅是个误会，我们没必要争论”；simple为形容词，just和only虽有“仅仅”含义，但不符合题干选项的语境搭配。 3.A 【解析】固定搭配simply put表示“简单地说”，句首首字母大写，故选A；simple为形容词，easily（容易地）、easy（容易的）均不符合搭配。 4.simply 【解析】空格处需填副词修饰系动词is后的表语，simple的副词形式为simply，符合句意“这个问题仅仅是沟通的问题”。 5.simply 【解析】空格处需填副词修饰动词forgot，simple的副词形式为simply，意为“仅仅、只是”，符合句意。 6.simply want 【解析】“仅仅想”为simply want，主语为I，用动词原形want。 7.Simply put 【解析】“简单地说”为固定搭配simply put，句首首字母大写，故填Simply put。 15. located adj.位于；坐落在 【搭配积累】常见搭配：be located in（位于……之内）、be located on（位于……之上/旁边）、be located at（位于……具体地点） 【用法示例】 Our school is located in the center of the city.（我们的学校位于城市的中心。) The museum is located on the banks of the river.（这座博物馆坐落在河岸上。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1.The new hospital is ______ in the western part of our city. A. located B. locate C. locating D. location 2.The small village is ______ on the foot of the mountain. A. located B. lie C. lay D. lain 3.The company’s headquarters is ______ at No. 108 Main Street. A. located B. placed C. put D. set （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4.The hotel ______ (locate) near the train station is very popular. 5.Our school is ______ (locate) in a quiet neighborhood. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6.这座古老的寺庙位于山顶。（located） This ancient temple ______ ______ on the top of the mountain. 7.我们的公司坐落在市中心的一栋高楼里。（located） Our company ______ ______ in a tall building in the city center. 答案与解析 1.A 【解析】固定搭配be located in表示“位于……”，located为形容词，作表语；locate为动词，locating为现在分词，location为名词，均不符合语法要求。 2.A 【解析】固定搭配be located on表示“位于……之上/旁边”，符合句意“这个小村庄位于山脚下”；lie（位于）为动词，需用lying/lay，lay（放置）、lain（lie的过去分词）均不符合。 3.A 【解析】固定搭配be located at表示“位于……具体地点”，符合句意“公司总部位于主街108号”；placed（放置）、put（放）、set（放置）均无此搭配。 4.located 【解析】此处为过去分词作后置定语，修饰the hotel，表示“位于火车站附近的酒店”，locate的过去分词为located。 5.located 【解析】固定搭配be located in，located为形容词，用原形即可。 6.is located 【解析】“位于”为be located on，主语为this ancient temple，用is located。 7.is located 【解析】“坐落在”为be located in，主语为our company，用is located。 16. type n.类型；种类 【搭配积累】常见搭配：a type of（一种……类型）、different types of（不同类型的）、type of sth.（某物的类型）、the type of（……的类型） 【用法示例】 There are many different types of flowers in the garden.（花园里有许多不同类型的花。) This is the type of book I like to read.（这是我喜欢读的那种类型的书。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1.What ______ of music do you like best? I like pop music. A. type B. kind C. sort D. way 2.There are several ______ of birds in the forest, including sparrows and eagles. A. types B. type C. kind D. sort 3.This is a new ______ of computer that is smaller and faster. A. type B. types C. kind D. sorts （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4.There are many different ______ (type) of animals in the zoo. 5.This ______ (type) of food is very popular among young people. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6.这种类型的手机很便宜。（type） This ______ ______ mobile phone is very cheap. 7.商店里有不同种类的水果。（type） There are different ______ ______ fruits in the shop. 答案与解析 1.A 【解析】固定搭配what type of表示“什么类型的”，符合句意“你最喜欢什么类型的音乐”；kind和sort虽有“种类”含义，但题干选项中type最贴合搭配；way（方式）不符合。 2.A 【解析】several后接可数名词复数，type的复数形式为types；type为单数，kind和sort均为单数，不符合要求。 3.A 【解析】a后接可数名词单数，type为单数，符合句意“这是一种更小、更快的新型电脑”；types为复数，kind为单数但需搭配a kind of，sorts为复数，均不符合。 4.types 【解析】many different后接可数名词复数，type的复数为types。 5.type 【解析】this后接可数名词单数，type用原形，this type of表示“这种类型的”。 6.type of 【解析】“这种类型的”为this type of，修饰mobile phone，符合句意。 7.types of 【解析】“不同种类的”为different types of，types用复数形式。 17. attract v.吸引；招引；引起(反应) 【搭配积累】常见搭配：attract sb.’s attention（吸引某人的注意力）、attract s B. to sth.（吸引某人关注某物）、attract interest（引起兴趣）、attract customers（吸引顾客） 【用法示例】 The beautiful scenery attracted many tourists.（美丽的风景吸引了许多游客。) Her smile attracted everyone’s attention.（她的微笑吸引了所有人的注意力。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1.The bright colors of the flowers ______ many bees and butterflies. A. attract B. attracte C. attracts D. attracting 2.Her wonderful performance ______ the attention of the audience. A. attracted B. caught C. drew D. all of the above 3.The new shopping mall ______ a lot of customers since it opened. A. has attracted B. attracted C. attracts D. attracting （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4.The interesting book ______ (attract) many readers since it was published. 5.The beautiful view of the lake ______ (attract) many people to come here every year. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6.这个展览吸引了大量的参观者。（attract） This exhibition ______ a large number of visitors. 7.他的演讲引起了所有听众的注意。（attract） His speech ______ ______ ______ of all the listeners. 答案与解析 1.A 【解析】主语为the bright colors（复数），时态为一般现在时，谓语动词用原形attract；B拼写错误，C为第三人称单数，D为现在分词，均不符合。 2.D 【解析】attract/catch/draw one’s attention均表示“吸引某人的注意力”，均符合句意，故选D。 3.A 【解析】根据时间状语since it opened，可知句子用现在完成时，主语为the new shopping mall，谓语动词用has+过去分词，attract的过去分词为attracted。 4.has attracted 【解析】根据since it was published，用现在完成时，主语为the interesting book，用has attracted。 5.attracts 【解析】根据时间状语every year，用一般现在时，主语为the beautiful view（单数），谓语动词用第三人称单数attracts。 6.attracted 【解析】句子描述过去发生的事情（展览已吸引参观者），用一般过去时，attract的过去式为attracted。 7.attracted the attention 【解析】“吸引某人的注意力”为attract one’s attention，句子用一般过去时，attract的过去式为attracted，“所有听众的”为the attention of all the listeners。 18. curious adj.好奇的；求知欲强的 【搭配积累】常见搭配：be curious about sth.（对某物好奇）、be curious to do sth.（好奇做某事）、a curious look（好奇的表情）、curious about the world（对世界充满好奇） 【用法示例】 Children are always curious about everything around them.（孩子们总是对周围的一切充满好奇。) She is curious to know what happened yesterday.（她好奇地想知道昨天发生了什么事。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1.The little boy is ______ about the stars in the sky and often asks his father questions. A. curious B. interested C. eager D. anxious 2.She is ______ to know the result of the exam, so she keeps checking her phone. A. curious B. happy C. sad D. afraid 3.There was a ______ look on her face when she saw the strange box. A. curious B. curiously C. interest D. interested （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4.Children are naturally ______ (curious) about the world around them. 5.He is ______ (curious) to find out who sent him the gift. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6.我对他的过去很好奇。（curious） I am ______ ______ his past. 7.她好奇地想知道这个秘密是什么。（curious） She is ______ ______ know what the secret is. 答案与解析 1.A 【解析】固定搭配be curious about sth.表示“对某物好奇”，符合句意“这个小男孩对天空中的星星很好奇，经常问他爸爸问题”；interested需与in搭配，eager（渴望的）、anxious（焦虑的）均不符合。 2.A 【解析】固定搭配be curious to do sth.表示“好奇做某事”，符合句意“她好奇地想知道考试结果，所以一直看手机”；happy（开心的）、sad（难过的）、afraid（害怕的）均不符合。 3.A 【解析】空格处需填形容词修饰look（表情），curious为形容词（好奇的) curiously为副词，interest为名词，interested（感兴趣的）需与in搭配，均不符合。 4.curious 【解析】固定搭配be curious about，curious为形容词，用原形即可，符合句意“孩子们天生对周围的世界充满好奇”。 5.curious 【解析】固定搭配be curious to do sth.，curious为形容词，用原形即可。 6.curious about 【解析】“对……好奇”为be curious about，主语为I，用am curious about。 7.curious to 【解析】“好奇做某事”为be curious to do sth.，故填curious to。 19. include v.包含；包括 【搭配积累】常见搭配：include sth.（包含某物）、include s B. in sth.（把某人包含在某物中）、including（介词，包括……在内）、included（形容词，被包含在内） 【用法示例】 The price of the ticket includes breakfast and lunch.（票价包含早餐和午餐。) Everyone is here, including Tom.（所有人都到了，包括汤姆在内。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1.The package ______ a book, a pen and a notebook. A. includes B. include C. including D. included 2.All the students, ______ Li Ming, will take part in the sports meeting. A. including B. include C. included D. includes 3.The cost of the trip ______ transportation and accommodation. A. includes B. includes in C. includes into D. includes to （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4.The menu ______ (include) a variety of delicious dishes. 5.Everyone, including me, ______ (be) looking forward to the holiday. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6.这份礼物包含一张卡片和一束花。（include） This gift ______ a card and a bunch of flowers. 7.我们班有30个学生，包括5个男生。（include） There are 30 students in our class, ______ 5 boys. 答案与解析 1.A 【解析】主语为the package（单数），时态为一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数includes；include为原形，including为介词，included为形容词，均不符合。 2.A 【解析】including为介词，意为“包括……在内”，后接名词/代词，符合句意“所有学生，包括李明在内，都将参加运动会”；include为动词，included需放在名词后，includes为动词第三人称单数，均不符合。 3.A 【解析】include为及物动词，后直接接宾语，不需要加介词，符合句意“旅行费用包含交通和住宿”；其他选项均为错误搭配。 4.includes 【解析】主语为the menu（单数），用一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数includes。 5.is 【解析】including me为插入语，主语为everyone（单数），be动词用is，符合句意“每个人，包括我在内，都在期待假期”。 6.includes 【解析】主语为this gift（单数），用一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数includes。 7.including 【解析】“包括……在内”用介词including，后接5 boys，符合句意。 20. alive adj.活着；在世；有活力 【搭配积累】常见搭配：be alive（活着）、be alive with（充满……）、stay alive（活下去）、alive and well（健在、状况良好） 【用法示例】 I was so happy to hear that he is still alive.（听到他还活着的消息，我非常开心。) The forest is alive with birds singing.（森林里充满了鸟儿的歌声，生机勃勃。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1.Is the old man still ______? I haven’t seen him for a long time. A. alive B. living C. live D. lively 2.The city is ______ with people and cars during the daytime. A. alive B. living C. live D. lively 3.He managed to stay ______ after being trapped in the mine for three days. A. alive B. living C. live D. lively （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4.We were all surprised to find that the cat was still ______ (alive) after the fire. 5.The party was full of fun and ______ (alive) with laughter and music. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6.他的爷爷仍然在世，身体很健康。（alive） His grandfather is still ______ and healthy. 7.这片森林充满了生机。（alive） This forest is ______ ______ all kinds of animals. 答案与解析 1.A 【解析】alive侧重“活着的状态”，可作表语，符合句意“那位老人还活着吗？我很久没见到他了”；living可作定语或表语，但侧重“在世的”，live作形容词时表示“活的（动物）”，lively（活泼的）不符合句意。 2.A 【解析】固定搭配be alive with表示“充满……”，符合句意“白天这座城市充满了人和车”；其他选项均无此搭配。 3.A 【解析】固定搭配stay alive表示“活下去、活着”，符合句意“他被困在矿井里三天后，成功活了下来”；其他选项均无此搭配。 4.alive 【解析】be alive表示“活着的”，alive作表语，符合句意“我们都很惊讶地发现，火灾后那只猫还活着”。 5.alive 【解析】固定搭配be alive with，alive为形容词，用原形即可，符合句意“派对充满乐趣，到处都是笑声和音乐”。 6.alive 【解析】“在世、活着”为be alive，直接填alive即可。 7.alive with 【解析】“充满……”为be alive with，故填alive with。 21. structure n.结构(体);构造；体系 【搭配积累】常见搭配：the structure of sth.（某物的结构）、building structure（建筑结构）、social structure（社会体系）、sentence structure（句子结构） 【用法示例】 The structure of this building is very strong, so it can resist earthquakes.（这座建筑的结构非常坚固，所以能抵御地震。) We need to improve the structure of our company.（我们需要改善公司的体系。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1.The ______ of the human body is very complex. A. structure B. build C. form D. shape 2.We need to learn about the ______ of a sentence to write correctly. A. structure B. structure C. form D. shape 3.The old bridge has a simple ______ but it is very strong. A. structure B. build C. form D. shape （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4.The ______ (structure) of this article is clear and easy to understand. 5.Engineers are checking the ______ (structure) of the bridge to ensure safety. （三）根据汉语提示完成句子 6.这座大楼的结构很独特。（structure） The ______ of this building is very unique. 7.我们需要改变公司的管理体系。（structure） We need to change the management ______ of our company. 答案与解析 1.A 【解析】structure表示“结构、构造”，符合句意“人体的结构非常复杂”；build（体格）、form（形式）、shape（形状）均不符合。 2.A 【解析】固定搭配the structure of a sentence表示“句子结构”，符合句意“我们需要学习句子结构才能正确写作”；form（形式）、shape（形状）均不符合搭配。 3.A 【解析】structure表示“结构”，符合句意“这座旧桥结构简单，但非常坚固”；build（体格）、form（形式）、shape（形状）均不符合。 4.structure 【解析】“文章的结构”为the structure of the article，structure为名词，用原形即可。 5.structure 【解析】“桥的结构”为the structure of the bridge，structure为名词，用原形即可。 6.structure 【解析】“大楼的结构”为the structure of the building，填structure即可。 7.structure 【解析】“管理体系”为management structure，填structure即可。 ◇Part 03 词汇强化训练 提｜升｜练｜习 单项选择 1. The Great Wall is one of the greatest ______ in the world. A. wonder B. wonders C. wonderful D. wondering 2. We need to take some ______ to solve the environmental problem. A. measure B. measures C. measurement D. measuring 3. This forest covers an area of about 500 ______. A. square kilometre B. square kilometres C. kilometre square D. kilometres square 4. The temperature is ______ zero today, so you need to wear warm clothes. A. below B. above C. under D. over 5. The water ______ of the lake is much higher than last year because of heavy rain. A. level B. surface C. depth D. bottom 6. The ______ of the table is smooth and clean after being polished. A. level B. surface C. depth D. bottom 7. The ______ of this river is about 20 meters, so it’s dangerous to swim here. A. level B. surface C. depth D. bottom 8. The little boy likes to ______ into the swimming pool in summer. A. dive B. jump C. run D. walk 9. Scientists are doing ______ on how to protect endangered animals. A. research B. a research C. researches D. researchs 10. A big ______ sailed across the sea and arrived at the port yesterday. A. vessel B. car C. bus D. bike 11. It’s ______ to see snow in this southern city in winter. A. usual B. unusual C. usually D. unusually 12. There is a small stone at the ______ of the bottle. A. level B. surface C. depth D. bottom 13. I saw a beautiful ______ when I traveled to the mountain area last month. A. waterfall B. river C. lake D. sea 14. Ancient Egyptian ______ is famous all over the world for its pyramids. A. civilisation B. civilize C. civil D. civility 15. We can use different ______ to communicate with each other, like phones and emails. A. mean B. means C. meaning D. meant 16. The ______ of technology makes our life more convenient. A. develop B. development C. developing D. developed 17. The Sahara is the largest ______ in the world. A. desert B. forest C. ocean D. mountain 18. The volume of this box is 20 ______ meters. A. square B. cubic C. round D. flat 19. My home is about two ______ away from the school. A. mile B. miles C. meter D. meters 20. There is a small ______ in the park where children like to feed ducks. A. pool B. river C. sea D. ocean 21. Those ______ spent three days climbing the high mountain. A. climb B. climber C. climbers D. climbing 22. The ______ part of the country is very cold in winter. A. northern B. southern C. northeastern D. western 23. The ______ between my home and the supermarket is about 1 kilometer. A. distance B. space C. place D. area 24. Few plants can ______ in the dry desert without water. A. live B. survive C. stay D. keep 25. The old man is in poor ______ and he has to stay in hospital. A. condition B. situation C. state D. position 26. The temperature today is 30 ______ Celsius. A. degrees B. degree C. grade D. grades 27. The mountain is full of steep ______, so it’s not suitable for hiking. A. cliffs B. hills C. mountains D. plains 28. The weather in spring is very ______, so you’d better take an umbrella when going out. A. change B. changeable C. changed D. changing 29. The ______ of his pet dog made him very sad. A. die B. dead C. death D. dying 30. She is a ______ girl and she will never give up her dream. A. determine B. determined C. determining D. determination 31. The plane is flying ______ the clouds, so we can’t see it clearly. A. below B. above C. under D. behind 32. He put his hand on my ______ and encouraged me to try again. A. head B. shoulder C. face D. back 33. You will learn English well ______ if you keep practicing every day. A. bit by bit B. a bit C. bit of D. a bit of 34. We need a ______ to get to the top of the shelf to take the box. A. ladder B. chair C. table D. stool 35. They ______ the room and found it was 10 meters long and 5 meters wide. A. measured B. met C. mess D. miss 36. The firefighters ______ saved all the people from the burning building. A. success B. successful C. successfully D. succeed 37. Don’t ______ your life to do such dangerous things. A. risk B. take C. make D. do 38. Children usually have a strong ______ about the world around them. A. curious B. curiosity C. cure D. care 39. His ______ is to become a famous scientist in the future. A. ambition B. dream C. hope D. wish 40. The ______ went to the Amazon rainforest to explore new plants and animals. A. explore B. explorer C. explorers D. exploring 【答案】 1.B 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.A 10.A 11.B 12.D 13.A 14.A 15.B 16.B 17.A 18.B 19.B 20.A 21.C 22.A 23.A 24.B 25.A 26.A 27.A 28.B 29.C 30.B 31.B 32.B 33.A 34.A 35.A 36.C 37.A 38.B 39.A 40.C 【解析】 1. 考查名词单复数。one of 后接可数名词复数，wonder作“奇观”讲时是可数名词，故选B。 2. 考查固定搭配。take measures to do sth. 意为“采取措施做某事”，measure作“措施”讲时常用复数形式，故选B。 3. 考查名词单复数。500后接可数名词复数，square kilometre的复数形式是square kilometres，故选B。 4. 考查介词。below zero 意为“零度以下”，是固定表达，below侧重指位置、数值等低于某一标准，故选A。 5. 考查名词辨析。level意为“高度；水平”，water level表示“水位”，符合句意，故选A。 6. 考查名词辨析。surface意为“表面；表层”，the surface of the table表示“桌面”，符合句意，故选B。 7. 考查名词辨析。depth意为“深（度）；纵深”，the depth of the river表示“河的深度”，符合句意，故选C。 8. 考查动词辨析。dive意为“潜水；跳水”，dive into the swimming pool表示“跳入游泳池”，符合句意，故选A。 9. 考查名词用法。research作“研究；调查”讲时是不可数名词，do research on sth. 意为“对某事做研究”，故选A。 10. 考查名词辨析。vessel意为“大船；轮船”，符合“横渡大海到达港口”的语境，故选A。 11. 考查形容词辨析。unusual意为“特别的；不寻常的”，结合句意“在这座南方城市冬天看到雪是不寻常的”，故选B。 12. 考查名词辨析。bottom意为“底部；最下部”，at the bottom of 意为“在……的底部”，是固定搭配，故选D。 13. 考查名词辨析。waterfall意为“瀑布”，结合“去山区旅行”的语境，看到瀑布符合逻辑，故选A。 14. 考查名词辨析。civilisation（=civilization）意为“文明”，Ancient Egyptian civilisation表示“古埃及文明”，故选A。 15. 考查名词用法。means意为“方式；途径”，单复数同形，different means表示“不同的方式”，故选B。 16. 考查名词辨析。development意为“发展；壮大”，the development of technology表示“科技的发展”，故选B。 17. 考查名词辨析。desert意为“沙漠；荒原”，the Sahara指撒哈拉沙漠，是世界最大的沙漠，故选A。 18. 考查形容词辨析。cubic意为“立方的”，cubic meters表示“立方米”，用于描述体积，故选B。 19. 考查名词单复数。two后接可数名词复数，mile是“英里”，meter是“米”，结合实际语境，家到学校两英里更合理，故选B。 20. 考查名词辨析。pool意为“池塘；水坑”，a small pool in the park表示“公园里的小池塘”，符合喂鸭子的语境，故选A。 21. 考查名词单复数。those后接可数名词复数，climber意为“攀登者；登山者”，复数是climbers，故选C。 22. 考查形容词辨析。northern意为“北部的；向北的”，结合“冬天很冷”的语境，国家北部符合逻辑，故选A。 23. 考查名词辨析。distance意为“距离；遥远”，the distance between...and... 意为“……和……之间的距离”，是固定搭配，故选A。 24. 考查动词辨析。survive意为“生存；存活”，侧重指在恶劣环境中艰难生存，符合“沙漠中缺水”的语境，故选B。 25. 考查固定搭配。in poor condition 意为“身体状况不好”，是固定表达，condition侧重指身体、物品的状态，故选A。 26. 考查名词单复数。30后接可数名词复数，degree作“度；度数”讲时是可数名词，30 degrees Celsius表示“30摄氏度”，故选A。 27. 考查名词辨析。cliffs意为“悬崖；峭壁”，steep cliffs表示“陡峭的悬崖”，符合“不适合徒步”的语境，故选A。 28. 考查形容词辨析。changeable意为“可能变化的；易变的”，结合“出门带伞”的语境，春天天气易变，故选B。 29. 考查名词辨析。death意为“死亡；毁灭”，the death of his pet dog表示“他的宠物狗的死亡”，作主语用名词形式，故选C。 30. 考查形容词辨析。determined意为“有决心的；坚决的”，a determined girl表示“一个有决心的女孩”，修饰人用-ed形式的形容词，故选B。 31. 考查介词。above意为“在（或向）……上面”，侧重指位置高于某物，不接触，the plane is flying above the clouds表示“飞机在云层上方飞行”，故选B。 32. 考查名词辨析。shoulder意为“肩膀；肩部”，put one’s hand on sb.’s shoulder表示“把手放在某人的肩膀上”，是固定搭配，故选B。 33. 考查固定短语。bit by bit意为“一点一点地；逐渐地”，符合“坚持每天练习就会逐渐学好英语”的句意，故选A。 34. 考查名词辨析。ladder意为“梯子；阶梯”，结合“够到架子顶部的盒子”的语境，需要梯子，故选A。 35. 考查动词辨析。measured是measure的过去式，意为“测量；量度为”，符合“测量房间长宽”的句意，故选A。 36. 考查副词用法。successfully意为“成功地；顺利地”，副词修饰动词saved，说明消防员成功救出所有人，故选C。 37. 考查动词辨析。risk意为“使……冒风险（或面临危险）”，risk one’s life to do sth. 意为“冒着生命危险做某事”，是固定搭配，故选A。 38. 考查名词辨析。curiosity意为“好奇心；求知欲”，a strong curiosity表示“强烈的好奇心”，形容词strong修饰名词，故选B。 39. 考查名词辨析。ambition意为“追求的目标；野心；雄心”，侧重指远大的志向和目标，符合“成为著名科学家”的语境，故选A。 40. 考查名词单复数。句中缺少主语，explorer意为“探险者；勘探者”，结合句意可知不止一位探险者，用复数形式explorers，故选C。 $