Unit 4 History and Traditions 词汇讲解课件-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第二册

Unit 4 History and Tradition Words and Expressions 1 Quote:A people without the knowledge of their past history,origin and culture is like a tree without roots. ----Marcus Garvey 一个不了解自己的历史、起源和文化的民族，就如同一颗没有根的树。 一、词性转换 1.puzzle n.谜;智力游戏;疑问 vt.迷惑;使困惑→puzzling adj.令人迷惑的→puzzled adj.困惑的;迷惑不解的 2.belong vi.应在(某处);适应→belonging n.[U]归属(感);[pl.]动产,财物 3.defend v.防御;保卫→defence n.防御;保卫→defensive adj.防御的;保护的 4.legal adj.法律的;合法的→illegal adj.不合法的→legally adv.法律上地 5.surround vt.围绕;包围→surrounding adj.周围的;附近的→surroundings n.环境 6.evident adj.明显的→evidence n.证据;证明 7.achieve vt.达到;实现→achievement n.成就;成绩;达到 8.locate vt.确定……的准确地点;找出……的位置→located adj.坐落于;位于→location n.地方;地点;位置 9.fascinate v.使……入迷,迷住→fascinated adj.着迷的→fascinating adj.极有吸引力的;迷人的 10.announce vt.宣布;通知;声称→announcement n.宣布;通知→announcer n.广播员;解说员 11.sure adj.肯定的,必定的,必然的,确信的→ensure vt.保证;确保;担保 12.generous adj.慷慨的;大方的;丰富的→generosity n.慷慨;大方 13.eager adj.热切的;渴望的→eagerly adv.热心地;急切地→eagerness n.热切;渴望 14.greet vt.问候;迎接→greeting n.问候;致意 15.strike vt.撞击,碰;打击 vi.打动;攻击 n.罢工→striking adj.引人注目的;显著的 16.crowd n.人群;一群人;民众 vt.挤满;使……拥挤→crowded adj.拥挤的 1. puzzle n.谜；智力游戏；疑问; vt. /vi迷惑；使困惑vi 对…苦苦思索(puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的puzzled adj.d 感到困惑的 puzzlement n. 迷惑，困惑 ) be in a puzzle (about) 对(……)感到困惑不解 a puzzle to sb. 对某人来说是个谜 puzzle over 仔细琢磨，冥思苦想 be puzzled with/about 对……迷惑不解 I am in a puzzle about the matter. = I am puzzled with the matter.我对这事迷惑不解。 The man is puzzling over why she has changed her mind. 这个人正在苦苦思索她为什么改变了主意。 【练习】 1. I find the question ________ (puzzle). 2. He looked _________ (puzzle), so I repeated the question. 3. He frowned in________ (puzzle). puzzling puzzled_ puzzlelment 2. join...to... 把……和……连接或联结起来 connect...to/with/and... 把……与……连接起来（具体含义） join the army/club 参军/参加俱乐部(成为…的一员) join in 参加(活动、小型比赛) 参加某一活动 join sb. in doing sth. 和某人一起做某事 join up with sb 与某人汇合 3. break away（from sb. /sth.） 脱离；背叛；逃脱 Eg: He has broken away from the habit of being late.他已经改掉了迟到的习惯。 break off 中断；折断 break out 突然发生，（战争，斗殴、疾病等）爆发 break out laughing/ crying break through 突破 break up 破碎；分解；解散；（关系）破裂 break down（机器等）出故障；身体垮掉；精神崩溃；分解；（会谈）失败 break in 破门而入；打断，插嘴(不及物) break into 破门而入；突然……起来（及物） break into laughter/tears 【练习】 a. If you go on working like that, you will ____________sooner or later. b. A fire ____________in this hotel last night and three people were killed. c. With so many problems unsettled, a few countries wanted to ________ from the Union. d. In my opinion, marriage based on money is likely to ___________. break down broke out break away break up e. It takes hundreds of years for plastic to _________, but much less time for paper. f. Thieves________ last night and stole some money. g. Thieves ________ the bank last night and stole some money. break down broke in broke into 4. result in 造成；导致 result from 因为…；起因于…. as a result 结果 as a result of 因为… 表示“造成；导致”的单词和短语有：cause, lead to; contribute to, bring about 等 The member’s mistake resulted in his final failure. =This final failure resulted from the member’s mistake. 5. belong to属于 belong to 不能用于被动语态及进行时态。to 是介词，后面可跟名词或代词作宾语。 belongings n.（pl.）所有物；财产，财物（表达此意时必须用复数） personal belongings 个人财物，私人用品 The old house _________ (belong to) Mr Li needs reparing. The knife, which is very sharp,_________to Tom. belonging to belongs 6. as well as 同(一样也);和;还 不但……而且……，连接并列成分。 ①在句型“A as well as/ together with/ along with/ with/ rather than B＋谓语动词＋其他”中，谓语动词和A保持一致， The man, as well as his three children,____(be)going out for hiking this weekend. ②除……之外”，相当于 besides/ in addition to/apart from/aside from。后常接名词或动名词，尤其是当其位于句首时。 As well as knowing some Russian，she speaks English very well. 除了懂一些俄语外，她英语说得也不错。即“就远原则” ③as well as 可用于同级比较，意为“和......一样好” Anna sang as well as the famous singer.安娜唱得和那位著名的歌手一样好。 ④as well 也; 又; 还（相当于too，用于肯定句句末，其前不用逗号） He was selected to participate in the Olympic Games as well.他也被选去参加奥运会。 ⑤may/might as well “还是……为好; 不妨……”。 It's raining hard. We may as well go home. 雨太大了，我们最好还是回家吧。 单句填空 (1)I can speak fluent English and I can speak French_____well. (2)Amy, as well as her brothers,________(give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. (3)Since you will know the matter sooner or later, I might as well_________(tell) you now. as was given tell 7. defence (defense-defend-defensive) n. 防御；保卫 defend vt保卫;防守;辩护 defend...from/against... 保护…免受…… defend oneself against... 为自己辩护 1.He gave his life ________ his country. 他为保卫祖国而献出了生命。 2.This medicine helps the body defend itself ________ some kinds of infections. 这种药有助于身体防御一些种类的传染病。 in defence of from/against 8. legal adj. 法律的；合法的 legal rights 合法权利 illegal adj. 非法的，违法的 legally 合法地 9. surround vt. 围绕；包围 surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的 surroundings n. 环境（复数） she works in pleasant surroundings. The village is surrounded by/with mountains. 1.The ________ (surround) villages have been included into the growing city. 2.I found myself ___________(surround) by a group of children full of curiosity. 3. ___________(surround) by the clear waters, this forest provides visitors with a wonderful chance to see some endangered birds in the wild. 4.They live in a beautiful village, with many trees and flowers ____________(surround) it. 5. She felt like a fish out of water in the unfamiliar _____________. surrounding surrounded Surrounded surrounding surroundings 10. evidence n. 证据，证明 (不可数名词，其后常接同位语从句) There is evidence that... 有证据表明…… evident adj. 清楚的；显然的(clear, obvious, apparent) evidently 明显地 It is evident that... 很明显…… 【练习】 1. All the scientific evidence _________(show) that increasing use of chemicals in farming ______(be) damaging our health. 2. ______ ______ _____ _______(有证据表明）the ship sank in a bomb attack. 3. _____ _____ _____(很明显）the man is highly thought in the company. shows is_ There is evidence that It is evident that 11. achievement n. ［C］成就；成绩；功绩；［U］达到，完成 achieve vt 实现；取得，达到 achieve one’s goal/dream 达到目标 / 实现梦想 achieve success/victory/standard 获得成功 / 获得胜利 / 达到标准 12.location n. 地方；地点；位置 locate vt. 坐落于；位于；找出……的位置I can’t locate it. located adj. 处于；位于；坐落在 The store has a new location. 这家商店换了个新地方。 be located in 位于…. 此类词组可以把be去掉，剩下部分位于句首做状语，也可以做后置定语或宾语补足语。 ________(locate) in a deep valley, the village has attracted a lot of visitors. 这个村子位于一个深谷中，已经吸引了很多游客。 Located 13. battle n. & v. (1) n. 战役；搏斗 war 指战争总体； battle 指war中的战斗/战役 fight 指具体的人与人之间或动物之间的争斗（也有fight against Covid-19/poverty） struggle:指长时间激烈的争斗，多指肉体/精神上的战斗。 We have had two world wars in this century. They were wounded in the battle.他们在战斗中受了伤。 His life was a hard struggle with sickness. 他一生跟疾病作了艰苦的斗争。 (2) vi. & vt. 搏斗；奋斗 He battled with/against cancer for many months. 他与癌症斗争了好多个月。 14. fascinating adj 极有吸引力的，迷人的 fascinated adj.入迷了的，极感兴趣的 be fascinated by 被….吸引 fascinate vt 深深吸引；迷住 fascination n. 魅力；极大的吸引力 hold a fascination for 对….有极大的吸引力 Eg：I found his experience in Yunnan very fascinating. 我发现他云南的经历很吸引人 15. keep your eyes open（for） 留心；留意 keep an eye on 照看 keep at it 坚持干，继续苦干 keep up 保持；继续 keep up with 跟上；保持同步；和……保持联系 keep back 阻止；隐瞒 keep away（from）避免接近（……） keep sb. from doing... 阻止某人做…… keep off 使……不接近 keep on 继续 keep fit 保持健康 keep one’s promise 履行诺言 keep in touch with 与……保持联系 16.charge n. & v. n. 主管，掌管；费用，收费；指控，控告;充电 take charge of接管，掌管 in charge of 主管，负责 in the charge of 由某人负责/主管=in one’s charge 由…负责/掌管 charge sb.with sth=accuse sb.of doing sth 控告某人某事 free of charge 免费 charge sb. money for sth. 为某事向某人收取费用 一句多译 我接管这家公司。 I am in charge of the company. I take charge of the company. The company is in my charge. 17. announce vt. 宣布；通知；声称 announcement n. 宣告，宣布；通知 make an announcement 宣布通告 announcer n. 播音员,广播员 It _________ (announce)that new speed restrictions would be introduced. was announced 18. amount n. 金额；数量 （1）大量 ① Large amounts of money__________(spend) on the bridge. ② A large amount of energy _________ (release) when the volcano erupted. (2) the amount of... ...的数量 (谓单) The amount of fat they eat decreases gradually. (3)amount to 合计，达到；等于，相当于 (stand at 达到) were spent was released 【翻译】On April 24th, the final death toll of the Covid-19 in the USA amounted to 1,018,316. ____________________________________________________。 What you just said amounts to a plain refusal. (相当于) （plain明白的；朴素的；普通的）____________________________________________________。 在4月24号，美国新冠导致的最终死亡数量达到1,018,316. 你刚刚所说的相当于拒绝。 19.approach v. &n. approachable adj. 和蔼可亲的，可接近的 (1). 方法；途径 the approach to sth / doing sth (2). 靠近；临近 With the Spring festival_approaching（approach），many shops are selling flowers and gifts.=with the approach of the Spring… (3). 着手处理 What's the best way of approaching this problem? 完成句子 (1)________________________________,many cold-blooded animals are coming out to hunt food. 随着春天的临近，许多冷血动物将出来觅食。 (2)Everyone has their own approach______________________________________每个人都有自己的处理这件事情的方法。 (3)We will be exploring_________________________________________________我们将探索收集信息的不同方法。 With spring approaching to dealing with the matter different approaches to gathering information 20. ensure vt.保证；确保；担保（=make sure） 21. generous adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的 generously adv. 慷慨地，大方地 generosity n. 慷慨，大方 mean adj. 吝啬的，小气的［反义词］ 22. position 1)n. 位置；姿态；职位；处境，状况 apply for a position The position of manager is still open. 经理职位依然空缺。 The table is out of position. You’d better remove it. He got into a position ______ he had to give up his dream. 注：当先行词是position且在定语从句中做状语时，后面的定语从句用where 引导 (2) vt 安装；安置；使处于 He had the printer _______ near the desk. positioned where 23. eager adj.热切的；渴望的 (eagerly) be eager for sth 渴望得到某物 be eager to do sth 渴望/急于做某事 in one’s eagerness to do 急于做某事 be anxious for sth. 渴望得到某物 be anxious to do sth. 急切地做某事 24. greet vt. 问候，迎接，（和某人）打招呼；对……作出反应 greet sb. with... 以……方式和某人打招呼; 用某物迎接某人 be greeted by sth. .....扑面而来 Eg：When she opened the door, she was greeted by a scene of utter confusion. greeting n. 问候，招呼 【C】 send/offer（one’s）greetings to sb. 向某人问好 I.单句填空 (1) Whenever I met her, she greeted me_____a sweet smile. (2)At yesterday's party, the performance of the host, intended to please the audience and draw their attention,_______(greet) with a cold silence, however. II.完成句子 (3)Please_______________(代我问候)your parents. with was greeted send my greetings to 25. striking adj 引人注目的；显著的 Vt. strike 打;击；罢工；突然想到 be struck by 被…撞击/击中 It strikes/struck sb that …某人突然想到=it hit sb that=it occurs/occurred to sb that 26. custom n. 风俗；习俗；习惯 It is the custom（for sb.）to do sth.（某人）做某事是习俗。 custom 的复数形式还可以表示“海关”：customs officers 海关官员。 27. crowd n. & v. (1)n. 人群；一群人；民众 a crowd of/crowds of 一群；许多 (2)v. 挤满；使……拥挤 crowd into... 挤进；涌进 crowd in（on sb. ）（想法、问题等）涌上（某人心头），涌入（某人脑海） e.g.The happy memory of getting along with my best friend crowded in on me. 我与最好的朋友相处的快乐会议涌上心头。 crowed adj 拥挤的 be crowded with 充满……=be packed / filled with/be full of 【练习】The crowd crowded _____ the stadium which was crowded _____ audience _into with $