专题11 阅读理解（说明文） - 【陕西省职教单招】五年（2021-2025）英语真题分类汇编（原卷版+解析版）

【陕西省职教单招】五年（2021-2025）英语真题分类汇编 专题11 阅读理解（说明文） 1.信息提取与事实确认能力：学生需具备从说明文中准确提取并理解事实性信息的能力，包括数据、时间、地点、过程、特征、原因、结果等具体细节，并能根据题目要求进行定位、比对或计算。 2.逻辑结构与信息归纳能力：学生应能把握说明文的组织结构（如总分、因果、对比、分类等），理解段落之间的逻辑关系，并能够归纳段落大意或全文主旨，明确作者说明的核心内容或观点。 3.概念理解与术语推断能力：学生需能够理解文中涉及的专业术语、抽象概念或文化现象，能通过上下文推断生词或短语的含义，并理解其在文中的具体指代或作用，确保对说明对象的准确理解。 2025年 Tea and coffee are two of the most popular drinks in the world. However, people usually like one more than the other. These drinks also have very different uses. Tea drinking started in China over 4, 000 years ago. Tea is made from leaves. These days, some people drink tea for health, using it to help with stress (压力) or losing weight. However, most people in tea-drinking countries think of tea as more than just a healthy drink. In fact, tea drinking in some countries is a part of the culture. In Turkey (土耳其) , tea is always there when people meet. Whether in someone’s home or a company, tea is always offered as a way of welcomes. In the UK, homes and offices usually have tea time. Tea and other dishes are served at tea time in the afternoon. It is a way of relaxing with friends or co-workers (同事) . Coffee came much later than tea, just over 1, 000 years ago. Coffee is made from beans. Something in the coffee beans makes a person feel active. Most people do not drink coffee to relax. Instead, they drink coffee to get going. Many people drink coffee in the morning to help them wake up. Others will also drink coffee during short breaks in the afternoon to keep going through the working day. Some people may visit coffee shops just to meet and talk with friends. However, many people in coffee shops drink coffee while working on their computers. Is tea or coffee more common in your country? Between the two, which do you like to drink more? 36. Where did tea drinking start? A. In India. B. In China. C. In Turkey. D. In the UK. 37. We can learn from Paragraph 2 that people in the UK ________. A. drink tea to get fat B. offer tea to say goodbye C. think of tea as a bad drink D. have tea to relax themselves 38. What is coffee made from? A. Leaves. B. Sugar. C. Dishes. D. Beans. 39. Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraph 3? A. Coffee came much earlier than tea. B Many people drink coffee to wake up. C. Many people work on their computers in coffee shops. D. Some people meet and talk with friends in coffee shops. 40. What is the best title of the passage? A. The Smells of Tea and Coffee B. The Prices of Tea and Coffee C. The Different Cultures of Tea and Coffee D. The Different Ways of Making Tea and Coffee 【答案】36. B 37. D 38. D 39. A 40. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了茶和咖啡这两种流行饮品的起源、文化差异及不同用途。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Tea drinking started in China over 4, 000 years ago. (饮茶始于4000多年前的中国。)”可知，饮茶是从中国开始的。故选B。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“In the UK, homes and offices usually have tea time. Tea and other dishes are served at tea time in the afternoon. It is a way of relaxing with friends or co-workers. (在英国，家庭和办公室通常都有喝茶时间。下午的茶点时间供应茶和其他菜肴。这是和朋友或同事一起放松的一种方式。)”可知，英国人喝茶来放松他们自己。故选D。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Coffee is made from beans. (咖啡是由咖啡豆制成的。)”可知，咖啡是由咖啡豆制成的。故选D。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Coffee came much later than tea, just over 1, 000 years ago. (咖啡的出现比茶晚得多，只有1000多年前。)”可知，咖啡的出现比茶晚得多。A选项的表述“Coffee came much earlier than tea. (咖啡的出现比茶早得多。)”错误。故选A。 【40题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，全文主要围绕茶和咖啡的文化差异展开，包括它们的起源、材料、饮用习惯和文化意义。因此，最佳标题应体现这两种饮品的文化差异。故选C。 2023年 Now it is the best time for Hong Kong shopping lovers, as most shops are having their seasonal sales. With the same amount of money, people can buy more goods in the city. Women, young and old, can hardly resist the temptation (抵制诱惑) of this shopping paradise (乐园) at this time of year. Lovers will surely have an exciting Christmas and New Year’s Eve celebration at Times Square or in the western style bars. Spending your holiday in Hong Kong will be easy too, as several package tours are available from CZL Travel Service, with four-day tours for less than 1,500 yuan. Tour Package 1 (3,200 yuan): a 4-day tour including three nights’ accommodation (住宿), helicopter flight, night ferry (游船) tour of Victoria Harbor and shuttle bus to the park to view the city at night. Tour Package 2 (1,880 yuan): a 4-day shopping tour including three nights’ accommodation, tour to Golden Beach and Vexork Museum, shuttle bus to the Peak and shopping malls. Tour Package 3 (1,480 yuan): a 4-day DIY tour including three nights’ accommodation in a four-star hotel and total freedom to do what you want and to go where you wish. 41. This advertisement is made by ________. A. a travel service B. a tour guide C. a shopping mall D. a hotel 42. According to the text, if you want to visit Victoria Harbor at night, you can choose Tour Package ________. A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 1 and 2 43. If you are a shopping lover and you want to go to Golden Beach, you can choose Tour Package ________. A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 1 and 3 44. According to the text, if you want to plan your tour by yourself, you can choose Tour Package ________. A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 2 and 3 45 The tour packages are designed ________. A. at Christmas B. on New Year’s Day C. before Christmas and New Year’s Day D. between Christmas and New Year’s Day 【答案】41. A 42. A 43. B 44. C 45. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了香港旅游的吸引点和三种旅行套餐的价格及服务。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Spending your holiday in Hong Kong will be easy too, as several package tours are available from CZL Travel Service, with four-day tours for less than 1,500 yuan. (在香港度假也会很简单，CZL旅游服务提供多种旅行套餐，四日游不到1500元。)”可知，这是CZL旅游服务公司做的香港游广告。故选A。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Tour Package 1 (3,200 yuan): a 4-day tour including three nights’ accommodation, helicopter flight, night ferry tour of Victoria Harbor and shuttle bus to the park to view the city at night. (旅行套餐1 (3200元)：四日游，包含三晚住宿，直升机飞行，维多利亚港夜游和夜间至公园城市观光的接驳车。)”可知，想要夜游维多利亚港，可以选择套餐1。故选A。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Tour Package 2 (1,880 yuan): a 4-day shopping tour including three nights’ accommodation, tour to Golden Beach and Vexork Museum, shuttle bus to the Peak and shopping malls. (旅行套餐2 (1880元)：四日购物游，包含三晚住宿，参观黄金沙滩和Vexork博物馆，至山顶和购物城接驳车。)”可知，想要去黄金沙滩，可以选择套餐2。故选B。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Tour Package 3 (1,480 yuan): a 4-day DIY tour including three nights’ accommodation in a four-star hotel and total freedom to do what you want and to go where you wish. (旅行套餐3 (1480元)：四日自由行，包含三晚四星酒店住宿，你想做什么、去哪里全部自由。)”可知，想要自助游，可以选择套餐3。故选C。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Lovers will surely have an exciting Christmas and New Year’s Eve celebration at Times Square or in the western style bars. (情侣们一定能在时代广场或西式酒吧里拥有一个令人激动的圣诞节和元旦庆典。)”可知，根据旅游套餐，人们可以在香港度过圣诞和元旦，可推断旅游套餐应是在圣诞和元旦之前设计推出的。故选C。 Everyone has his own way of saying things and his own special expressions. Many American everyday expressions are from colors. Red is a hot color. Americans often use it to express “heat”. They may say they are red hot about something unfair. When they’re red hot, they are very angry about something. Fast loud music is popular with many people. They may say the music is red hot. Pink is a pale red color. People sometimes say they’re in the pink when they are in good health The expression was first used in America at the beginning of the 20th century. It probably came from many babies who were born with a nice pink color showing good health. Blue is a cool color. The traditional blues music in the USA is the opposite of red hot music. Blues is slow and sad. Green is the color of grass or leaves. It is natural for trees and grass. But it’s an unnatural color for humans. A person who is sick may say he feels a little green. A passenger on a boat who is feeling very sick may look green. 46. According to the passage, many Americans may use“red hot”to express their_________. A. happiness B. kindness C. anger D. health 47. According to the passage, some Americans use“pink”to express the meaning of being healthy, probably because_________. A. it’s a traditional expression B. their ancestors did so many years ago C. the color of pink is lighter than the color of red D. many healthy babies were born with a pink color 48. What’s the opposite of the red hot music? A. Loud music B. Fast music. C. Traditional music. D. Blues music. 49. Which of the following colors is used by some Americans to describe the sick? A. Red. B. Green. C. Pink. D. Blue. 50 The author introduces_________colors related to everyday expressions in the passage. A. two B. three C. four D. five 【答案】46. C 47. D 48. D 49. B 50. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在美国人日常表达中，不同的颜色词汇表达了不同的含义。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“When they’re red hot, they are very angry about something. (当他们红热时，他们对一些事情很愤怒。)”可知，很多美国人用红热来表示愤怒。故选C。 【47题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“It probably came from many babies who were born with a nice pink color showing good health. (可能是因为很多刚出生的婴儿都是好看健康的粉红色。)”可知，美国人用粉红表示健康，是因为健康的婴儿是粉色肌肤。故选D。 【48题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“The traditional blues music in the USA is the opposite of red hot music. (美国传统的布鲁斯音乐与红热音乐相反。)”可知，与红热音乐相反的是布鲁斯音乐。故选D。 【49题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“A person who is sick may say he feels a little green. (一个生病的人可能会说他有点儿绿。)”可知，美国人用绿色来描述生病恶心。故选B。 【50题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Red is a hot color. (红色是火热的颜色。)”，第三段“Pink is a pale red color. (粉红是淡红色。)”，第四段“Blue is a cool color. (蓝色是冷静的颜色。)”和第五段“Green is the color of grass or leaves. (绿色是绿草的颜色。)”可知，作者共介绍了四个与日常表达相关的颜色。故选C。 After a day of work and play, the body needs rest. Enough sleep is necessary for good health. In sleep, the body recovers from the activities of the previous day. The rest that you get while sleeping enables your body to prepare itself for the next day. There are four levels of sleep, each being a little deeper than the one before. As you sleep, your muscles relax little by little. Your heartbeats more slowly, and your brain slows down. After you reach the fourth level, your body shifts back and forth from one level of sleep to another Although your mind slows down, from time to time you will dream. Scientists who study sleep say that when dreaming occurs, your eyeballs begin to move more quickly (although your eyelids are closed). This stage of sleep is called REM, which stands for Rapid Eye Movement. If you have trouble falling asleep, some people recommend that you breathe deeply. Other people believe that drinking warm milk will help make you drowsy. There is also an old suggestion that counting sheep will help you fall asleep. 51. We can learn from the text that not getting enough sleep might cause people to ________. A. feel very nervous B. breathe quickly C. dream more often D. have poor health 52. According to Para. 3, during REM, _________. A. you move restlessly B. your eyeballs move more quickly C. your mind stops working D. you start to dream 53. The underlined word“drowsy” in the last paragraph means “________” in Chinese. A. 醒的 B. 生病的 C. 昏昏欲睡的 D. 无聊的 54. One of the ways mentioned in the passage to fall asleep easily is to _________. A. breathe deeply B. drink cold milk C. get up and run D. look for some sheep 55. This passage is mainly about _________. A. rest B. sleep C. health D. dream 【答案】51. D 52. B 53. C 54. A 55. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了睡眠的几个阶段、睡眠的重要性以及缺乏睡眠可能带来的健康问题。 【51题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Enough sleep is necessary for good health. (充足的睡眠对身体健康是必要的)”，可知如果缺乏睡眠，就会有健康的问题。故选D。 【52题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“This stage of sleep is called REM, which stands for Rapid Eye Movement.(这个睡眠阶段被称为REM，即快速眼动。)”可知，在REM状态，眼球转动的很快。故选B。 【53题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段“Other people believe that drinking warm milk will help make you drowsy. There is also an old suggestion that counting sheep will help you fall asleep. (另一些人认为喝热牛奶会让你昏昏欲睡。还有一个古老的说法是，数羊有助于入睡。)”可知，喝热牛奶应是有助于睡眠，故这个单词是“昏昏欲睡”的意思。故选C。 【54题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“If you have trouble falling asleep, some people recommend that you breathe deeply. (如果你难以入睡，有些人建议你深呼吸。)”可知，容易入睡的方法是深呼吸。故选A。 【55题详解】 主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了睡眠的几个阶段、睡眠的重要性以及缺乏睡眠可能带来的健康问题。故选B。 2022年 We don’t have beds in the space shuttle (航天飞机), but we do have sleeping bags. During the day, when we are working, we leave the bags tied to the wall, out of the way. At bedtime, we untie them and take them wherever we choose to sleep. On most space shuttle flights, everyone sleeps at the same time. No one has to stay awake to watch over the space shuttle; the computers in the shuttle and the engineers at the Control Office do that. If anything goes wrong, the computers ring an alarm and the engineers call us on the radio. On the space shuttle, sleeping time doesn’t mean night-time. During each ninety-minute orbit around the Earth, the sun “rises” and shines through our windows for about fifty minutes; then it “sets” as our shuttle takes us around the dark side of the Earth. To keep the sun out of our eyes, we wear black sleeping masks. It is surprisingly easy to fall asleep in the space shuttle. Astronauts (宇航员) sleep in their own ways. Some sleep upside down. Some right side up. When it’s time to sleep, I take my sleeping bag, my sleeping mask and my tape player with earphones, and float up to the flight deck. Then I crawl into the bag, and float in a sitting position just above a seat, right next to the window. Before I pull the mask down over my eyes, I relax for some time, listening to music and watching the Earth go by beneath me. 41. We can learn from the first paragraph that astronauts . A. tie their beds to the wall B. tie themselves to the wall C. sleep in their beds D. sleep in their sleeping bags 42. The underlined phrase “watch over” (in Para. 2) is closest in meaning to “ ”. A. take care of B. look out of C. take down D. look at 43. How long does it take for the space shuttle to go around the Earth? A. Fifteen minutes. B. Fifty minutes. C. Ninety minutes. D. Nineteen minutes. 44. During sleeping time, astronauts to keep the sun out of their eyes A. wear sleeping masks B. listen to music C. sleep upside down D. sleep sideways 45. This passage is mainly about . A. watching the Earth from the space shuttle B. working in the space shuttle C. traveling on the space shuttle D. sleeping in the space shuttle 【答案】41. D 42. A 43. C 44. A 45. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了宇航员在航天飞机中是如何睡觉的。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据“We don’t have beds in the space shuttle (航天飞机), but we do have sleeping bags. (我们在航天飞机上没有床，但是我们有睡袋。)”可知，宇航员睡在睡袋里。故选D。 【42题详解】 词义猜测题。A. take care of照顾；B. look out of从……朝外看；C. take down记录；D. look at看。根据“If anything goes wrong, the computers ring an alarm and the engineers call us on the radio. (如果出了什么问题，电脑就会发出警报，工程师就会通过无线电通知我们。)”可知，此处指的是没有人需要保持清醒来照顾航天飞机。故选A。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据“During each ninety-minute orbit around the Earth, the sun “rises” and shines through our windows for about fifty minutes; then it “sets” as our shuttle takes us around the dark side of the Earth. (在每90分钟绕地球公转的过程中，太阳升起并照进我们的窗户大约50分钟；然后，当我们的航天飞机带着我们绕着地球的黑暗面飞行时，它就落下了。)”可知，航天飞机绕地球一周需要90分钟。故选C。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据“To keep the sun out of our eyes, we wear black sleeping masks. (为了防止阳光照射到我们的眼睛里，我们戴着黑色的睡眠面罩。)”可知，在睡觉的时候，宇航员会戴上睡眠面罩，防止阳光照射到他们的眼睛。故选A。 【45题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文且根据文章每一段的中心词“sleeping (睡觉)”的可知，这篇文章主要讲了在航天飞机上宇航员如何解决睡觉问题。故选D。 2021年 Want to enjoy some extreme sports(极限运动)? Here are a number of the extreme sport clubs across the universities in the UK. Octopush(水中曲棍球) Oxford, York, Aberdeen and Warwick are only some of the universities that offer this rather unusual sport. Anyone who is able to swim can play. It is played by two teams of six players. Everyone wears a mask and carries a small wooden stick. Skiing and snowboarding Nearly every university in the UK has a skiing and snowboarding club. For example, Brumski & Board Club of Birmingham University has run for 30 years and has about 500 members. They hold Christmas and Easter ski trips every year and take part in competitions. Skateboarding Warwick University is home to the Longboarding Club. A longboard is two or three feet longer than a usual skateboard and has a wider wheel base. Instead of offering club T-shirts, the Longboarding Club lets its members have their own T-shirts. BASE jumping The University of Lincoln offers BASE jumping. In BASE jumping, players jump from fixed objects and use a parachute(降落伞)to break their fall. They go on weekly trips to Skydive Hibaldstow. 36. If a student wants to take part in Octopush, he or she should be able to _____. A. ski B. swim C. skate D. skydive 37. How many members are there in Brumski & Board Club? A. About 30. B. About 300. C. About 50. D. About 500. 38. A usual skateboard is _____ than a longboard. A. shorter B. longer C. wider D. bigger 39. Which university offers BASE jumping? A. Oxford. B. York. C. Lincoln. D. Warwick. 40. According to the passage, which of the following is the most common sport in UK universities? A Octopush. B. Snowboarding. C. Skateboarding. D. BASE jumping. 【答案】36. B 37. D 38. A 39. C 40. B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要介绍了英国大学里的几个极限运动俱乐部，包括水中曲棍球、滑雪和滑雪板运动、滑板和跳伞，并介绍了哪些大学里有这些运动的相关俱乐部。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Anyone who is able to swim can play. (任何会游泳的人都可以玩。)”可知，如果一个学生想参加水中曲棍球，他或她应该会游泳。故选B。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“For example, Brumski & Board Club of Birmingham University has run for 30 years and has about 500 members. (例如，伯明翰大学的Brumski & Board俱乐部已经运行了30年，有大约500名会员。)”可知，Brumski & Board俱乐部大概有500名会员。故选D。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“A longboard is two or three feet longer than a usual skateboard and has a wider wheel base. (长板比普通滑板长两到三英尺，轴距更宽。)”可知，普通的滑板比长板更短。故选A。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中“The University of Lincoln offers BASE jumping. (林肯大学提供定点跳伞。)”可知，林肯大学提供定点跳伞。故选C。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Nearly every university in the UK has a skiing and snowboarding club. (英国几乎每所大学都有滑雪和单板滑雪俱乐部。)”可知，滑雪和单板滑雪运动是英国大学里最常见的运动。故选B。 Almost every family buys at least one copy of a newspaper every day. Some people subscribe to as many as two or three different newspapers. But why do people read newspapers? Five hundred years ago, news of important happenings—battles lost or won, kings or rulers overthrown (推翻) or killed—took months and even years to travel from one country to another. The news passed by word of mouth and was never accurate. Today we can read in our newspapers about important events that occur in faraway countries on the same day they happen. Apart from supplying news from all over the world, newspapers give us a lot of other useful information. There are weather reports, radio, television and film guides, book reviews, stories, and, of course, advertisements. The bigger ones are put in by large companies to bring attention to their products. They pay the newspapers thousands of dollars for the advertising space, but it is worth the money, for news of their products goes into almost every home in the country. For those who produce newspapers, advertisements are also very important. Money earned from advertisements makes it possible for them to sell their newspapers at a low price and still make a profit. 41. According to the first paragraph, it is ________ for every family to buy newspapers. A. unusual B. common C. profitable D. useless 42. The underlined phrase “subscribe to” in the first paragraph means “________”. A. go to a newspaper stand B. publish their news stories C. pay to get a newspaper regularly D. become faithful readers 43. Five hundred years ago, ________. A. bad news traveled quickly and good news slowly B. few people cared about events that took place in faraway countries C. kings and rulers were often overthrown or killed D. news was passed from one person to another 44. The author seems to agree that money spent on advertisements is ________. A. wasted B. too much C. well spent D. worthless 45. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? A. Five hundred years ago, it took a long time for news to reach other countries. B. Newspaper advertisements turn people’s attention away from their products. C. The news that we read in newspapers is mainly about new products. D. When newspapers are sold at a low price, the newspaper producers will lose money. 【答案】41. B 42. C 43. D 44. C 45. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。通过对比过去和现在新闻传播的方式，以及介绍报纸所包含的内容和其盈利模式，对报纸的作用和价值进行了清晰的说明。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Almost every family buys at least one copy of a newspaper every day. (几乎每个家庭每天都会购买至少一份报纸。)”可知，每家每户购买报纸是很常见的事。故选B。 【42题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段“Almost every family buys at least one copy of a newspaper every day. Some people subscribe to as many as two or three different newspapers. (几乎每个家庭每天都会购买至少一份报纸。有些人甚至会订阅两三份不同的报纸。)”可知，此处的“subscribe to”和“buy”意思相近。故选C。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The news passed by word of mouth and was never accurate. (消息是通过口口相传而来，并且从来都不准确。)”可知，五百年前，消息从一个人传到另一个人。故选D。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“They pay the newspapers thousands of dollars for the advertising space, but it is worth the money, for news of their products goes into almost every home in the country. (他们向报纸支付数千美元的广告空间，但这是值得的，因为他们的产品消息几乎进入了全国每个家庭。)”可知，作者似乎同意花在广告上的钱是值得的。故选C。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Five hundred years ago, news of important happenings—battles lost or won, kings or rulers overthrown (推翻) or killed—took months and even years to travel from one country to another. (五百年前，重大事件的消息——战争的失败或胜利、国王或统治者的被推翻或被杀——需要数月甚至数年的时间才能从一个国家传到另一个国家。)”可知，五百年前，消息要花很长时间才能传到其他国家。故选A。 Do you love holidays but hate the increased weight that follows? You are not alone. Holidays are happy days with pleasure and delicious foods. Many people, however, are worried about the weight that comes along with these delicious foods. With proper planning, it is possible to control your weight. The idea is to enjoy the holidays but not to eat too much. You don’t have to turn away from the foods that you enjoy. The following suggestions may be of some help to you. Do not miss meals. Before you leave home for a feast(宴会), have a small, low-fat snack(小吃). This may help to keep you from getting too excited before delicious foods. Begin with clear soup and fruit or vegetables. A large glass of water before you eat may help you feel full. Use a small plate; a large plate will encourage you to have more than enough. Better not have high-fat foods. Dishes that look oily or creamy have much fat in them. Choose lean meat(瘦肉). Fill your plate with salad and green vegetables. If you have a sweet tooth, try mints(薄荷) and fruits. They don’t have fat content as cream and chocolate. Don’t let exercise take a break during the holidays. A 20-minute walk after a meal can help burn off excess calories. 51. Holidays are happy days with pleasure but they may _____. A. bring you weight problems B. bring you much trouble in your life C. make you worry about your foods D. make you hate delicious foods 52. In order to enjoy your holidays without putting on weight, you’d better _____. A. not accept invitations to feasts B. not eat the foods in high fat C. have water and vegetables only D. turn away from delicious foods 53. When you go to a feast, you should do the following EXCEPT _____. A. using a large plate B. beginning with clear soup C. having more vegetables D. drinking a large glass of water 54. According to the passage, _____ can stop you from putting on weight. A high fat foods B. cream and chocolate C. physical exercise D. calories of energy 55. The underlined word “excess” in the last paragraph means “_____” in Chinese. A. 少许的 B. 足够的 C. 大量的 D. 过多的 【答案】51. A 52. B 53. A 54. C 55. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。针对人们喜欢假日美食，但又怕发胖的问题，本文介绍了一些既能享受美食又不会增重的方法。 【51题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Many people, however, are worried about the weight that comes along with these delicious foods. (然而，许多人担心这些美味食物带来的体重。)”可知，假日会带来体重增加的问题。故选A。 【52题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“Better not have high-fat foods. Dishes that look oily or creamy have much fat in them. (最好不要吃高脂肪的食物。看起来油腻或奶油状的菜肴含有很多脂肪。)”可知，不要吃高脂肪食品。故选B。 【53题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Use a small plate; a large plate will encourage you to have more than enough. (用一个小盘子；大盘子会让你吃得更多。)”可知，当你去参加宴会时，不应该用大盘子。故选A。 【54题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Don’t let exercise take a break during the holidays. A 20-minute walk after a meal can help burn off excess calories . (假期里不要让运动中断。饭后散步20分钟可以帮助燃烧多余的热量。)”可知，锻炼是阻止你增加体重的必要部分。故选C。 【55题详解】 词句猜测题。根据“A 20-minute walk after a meal can help burn off excess calories. (饭后散步20分钟可以帮助燃烧多余的卡路里)”可知，散步可以帮助你燃烧掉过多的热量。故选D。 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 【陕西省职教单招】五年（2021-2025）英语真题分类汇编 专题11 阅读理解（说明文） 1.信息提取与事实确认能力：学生需具备从说明文中准确提取并理解事实性信息的能力，包括数据、时间、地点、过程、特征、原因、结果等具体细节，并能根据题目要求进行定位、比对或计算。 2.逻辑结构与信息归纳能力：学生应能把握说明文的组织结构（如总分、因果、对比、分类等），理解段落之间的逻辑关系，并能够归纳段落大意或全文主旨，明确作者说明的核心内容或观点。 3.概念理解与术语推断能力：学生需能够理解文中涉及的专业术语、抽象概念或文化现象，能通过上下文推断生词或短语的含义，并理解其在文中的具体指代或作用，确保对说明对象的准确理解。 2025年 Tea and coffee are two of the most popular drinks in the world. However, people usually like one more than the other. These drinks also have very different uses. Tea drinking started in China over 4, 000 years ago. Tea is made from leaves. These days, some people drink tea for health, using it to help with stress (压力) or losing weight. However, most people in tea-drinking countries think of tea as more than just a healthy drink. In fact, tea drinking in some countries is a part of the culture. In Turkey (土耳其) , tea is always there when people meet. Whether in someone’s home or a company, tea is always offered as a way of welcomes. In the UK, homes and offices usually have tea time. Tea and other dishes are served at tea time in the afternoon. It is a way of relaxing with friends or co-workers (同事) . Coffee came much later than tea, just over 1, 000 years ago. Coffee is made from beans. Something in the coffee beans makes a person feel active. Most people do not drink coffee to relax. Instead, they drink coffee to get going. Many people drink coffee in the morning to help them wake up. Others will also drink coffee during short breaks in the afternoon to keep going through the working day. Some people may visit coffee shops just to meet and talk with friends. However, many people in coffee shops drink coffee while working on their computers. Is tea or coffee more common in your country? Between the two, which do you like to drink more? 36. Where did tea drinking start? A. In India. B. In China. C. In Turkey. D. In the UK. 37. We can learn from Paragraph 2 that people in the UK ________. A. drink tea to get fat B. offer tea to say goodbye C. think of tea as a bad drink D. have tea to relax themselves 38. What is coffee made from? A. Leaves. B. Sugar. C. Dishes. D. Beans. 39. Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraph 3? A. Coffee came much earlier than tea. B Many people drink coffee to wake up. C. Many people work on their computers in coffee shops. D. Some people meet and talk with friends in coffee shops. 40. What is the best title of the passage? A. The Smells of Tea and Coffee B. The Prices of Tea and Coffee C. The Different Cultures of Tea and Coffee D. The Different Ways of Making Tea and Coffee 2023年 Now it is the best time for Hong Kong shopping lovers, as most shops are having their seasonal sales. With the same amount of money, people can buy more goods in the city. Women, young and old, can hardly resist the temptation (抵制诱惑) of this shopping paradise (乐园) at this time of year. Lovers will surely have an exciting Christmas and New Year’s Eve celebration at Times Square or in the western style bars. Spending your holiday in Hong Kong will be easy too, as several package tours are available from CZL Travel Service, with four-day tours for less than 1,500 yuan. Tour Package 1 (3,200 yuan): a 4-day tour including three nights’ accommodation (住宿), helicopter flight, night ferry (游船) tour of Victoria Harbor and shuttle bus to the park to view the city at night. Tour Package 2 (1,880 yuan): a 4-day shopping tour including three nights’ accommodation, tour to Golden Beach and Vexork Museum, shuttle bus to the Peak and shopping malls. Tour Package 3 (1,480 yuan): a 4-day DIY tour including three nights’ accommodation in a four-star hotel and total freedom to do what you want and to go where you wish. 41. This advertisement is made by ________. A. a travel service B. a tour guide C. a shopping mall D. a hotel 42. According to the text, if you want to visit Victoria Harbor at night, you can choose Tour Package ________. A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 1 and 2 43. If you are a shopping lover and you want to go to Golden Beach, you can choose Tour Package ________. A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 1 and 3 44. According to the text, if you want to plan your tour by yourself, you can choose Tour Package ________. A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 2 and 3 45 The tour packages are designed ________. A. at Christmas B. on New Year’s Day C. before Christmas and New Year’s Day D. between Christmas and New Year’s Day Everyone has his own way of saying things and his own special expressions. Many American everyday expressions are from colors. Red is a hot color. Americans often use it to express “heat”. They may say they are red hot about something unfair. When they’re red hot, they are very angry about something. Fast loud music is popular with many people. They may say the music is red hot. Pink is a pale red color. People sometimes say they’re in the pink when they are in good health The expression was first used in America at the beginning of the 20th century. It probably came from many babies who were born with a nice pink color showing good health. Blue is a cool color. The traditional blues music in the USA is the opposite of red hot music. Blues is slow and sad. Green is the color of grass or leaves. It is natural for trees and grass. But it’s an unnatural color for humans. A person who is sick may say he feels a little green. A passenger on a boat who is feeling very sick may look green. 46. According to the passage, many Americans may use“red hot”to express their_________. A. happiness B. kindness C. anger D. health 47. According to the passage, some Americans use“pink”to express the meaning of being healthy, probably because_________. A. it’s a traditional expression B. their ancestors did so many years ago C. the color of pink is lighter than the color of red D. many healthy babies were born with a pink color 48. What’s the opposite of the red hot music? A. Loud music B. Fast music. C. Traditional music. D. Blues music. 49. Which of the following colors is used by some Americans to describe the sick? A. Red. B. Green. C. Pink. D. Blue. 50 The author introduces_________colors related to everyday expressions in the passage. A. two B. three C. four D. five After a day of work and play, the body needs rest. Enough sleep is necessary for good health. In sleep, the body recovers from the activities of the previous day. The rest that you get while sleeping enables your body to prepare itself for the next day. There are four levels of sleep, each being a little deeper than the one before. As you sleep, your muscles relax little by little. Your heartbeats more slowly, and your brain slows down. After you reach the fourth level, your body shifts back and forth from one level of sleep to another Although your mind slows down, from time to time you will dream. Scientists who study sleep say that when dreaming occurs, your eyeballs begin to move more quickly (although your eyelids are closed). This stage of sleep is called REM, which stands for Rapid Eye Movement. If you have trouble falling asleep, some people recommend that you breathe deeply. Other people believe that drinking warm milk will help make you drowsy. There is also an old suggestion that counting sheep will help you fall asleep. 51. We can learn from the text that not getting enough sleep might cause people to ________. A. feel very nervous B. breathe quickly C. dream more often D. have poor health 52. According to Para. 3, during REM, _________. A. you move restlessly B. your eyeballs move more quickly C. your mind stops working D. you start to dream 53. The underlined word“drowsy” in the last paragraph means “________” in Chinese. A. 醒的 B. 生病的 C. 昏昏欲睡的 D. 无聊的 54. One of the ways mentioned in the passage to fall asleep easily is to _________. A. breathe deeply B. drink cold milk C. get up and run D. look for some sheep 55. This passage is mainly about _________. A. rest B. sleep C. health D. dream 2022年 We don’t have beds in the space shuttle (航天飞机), but we do have sleeping bags. During the day, when we are working, we leave the bags tied to the wall, out of the way. At bedtime, we untie them and take them wherever we choose to sleep. On most space shuttle flights, everyone sleeps at the same time. No one has to stay awake to watch over the space shuttle; the computers in the shuttle and the engineers at the Control Office do that. If anything goes wrong, the computers ring an alarm and the engineers call us on the radio. On the space shuttle, sleeping time doesn’t mean night-time. During each ninety-minute orbit around the Earth, the sun “rises” and shines through our windows for about fifty minutes; then it “sets” as our shuttle takes us around the dark side of the Earth. To keep the sun out of our eyes, we wear black sleeping masks. It is surprisingly easy to fall asleep in the space shuttle. Astronauts (宇航员) sleep in their own ways. Some sleep upside down. Some right side up. When it’s time to sleep, I take my sleeping bag, my sleeping mask and my tape player with earphones, and float up to the flight deck. Then I crawl into the bag, and float in a sitting position just above a seat, right next to the window. Before I pull the mask down over my eyes, I relax for some time, listening to music and watching the Earth go by beneath me. 41. We can learn from the first paragraph that astronauts . A. tie their beds to the wall B. tie themselves to the wall C. sleep in their beds D. sleep in their sleeping bags 42. The underlined phrase “watch over” (in Para. 2) is closest in meaning to “ ”. A. take care of B. look out of C. take down D. look at 43. How long does it take for the space shuttle to go around the Earth? A. Fifteen minutes. B. Fifty minutes. C. Ninety minutes. D. Nineteen minutes. 44. During sleeping time, astronauts to keep the sun out of their eyes A. wear sleeping masks B. listen to music C. sleep upside down D. sleep sideways 45. This passage is mainly about . A. watching the Earth from the space shuttle B. working in the space shuttle C. traveling on the space shuttle D. sleeping in the space shuttle 2021年 Want to enjoy some extreme sports(极限运动)? Here are a number of the extreme sport clubs across the universities in the UK. Octopush(水中曲棍球) Oxford, York, Aberdeen and Warwick are only some of the universities that offer this rather unusual sport. Anyone who is able to swim can play. It is played by two teams of six players. Everyone wears a mask and carries a small wooden stick. Skiing and snowboarding Nearly every university in the UK has a skiing and snowboarding club. For example, Brumski & Board Club of Birmingham University has run for 30 years and has about 500 members. They hold Christmas and Easter ski trips every year and take part in competitions. Skateboarding Warwick University is home to the Longboarding Club. A longboard is two or three feet longer than a usual skateboard and has a wider wheel base. Instead of offering club T-shirts, the Longboarding Club lets its members have their own T-shirts. BASE jumping The University of Lincoln offers BASE jumping. In BASE jumping, players jump from fixed objects and use a parachute(降落伞)to break their fall. They go on weekly trips to Skydive Hibaldstow. 36. If a student wants to take part in Octopush, he or she should be able to _____. A. ski B. swim C. skate D. skydive 37. How many members are there in Brumski & Board Club? A. About 30. B. About 300. C. About 50. D. About 500. 38. A usual skateboard is _____ than a longboard. A. shorter B. longer C. wider D. bigger 39. Which university offers BASE jumping? A. Oxford. B. York. C. Lincoln. D. Warwick. 40. According to the passage, which of the following is the most common sport in UK universities? A Octopush. B. Snowboarding. C. Skateboarding. D. BASE jumping. Almost every family buys at least one copy of a newspaper every day. Some people subscribe to as many as two or three different newspapers. But why do people read newspapers? Five hundred years ago, news of important happenings—battles lost or won, kings or rulers overthrown (推翻) or killed—took months and even years to travel from one country to another. The news passed by word of mouth and was never accurate. Today we can read in our newspapers about important events that occur in faraway countries on the same day they happen. Apart from supplying news from all over the world, newspapers give us a lot of other useful information. There are weather reports, radio, television and film guides, book reviews, stories, and, of course, advertisements. The bigger ones are put in by large companies to bring attention to their products. They pay the newspapers thousands of dollars for the advertising space, but it is worth the money, for news of their products goes into almost every home in the country. For those who produce newspapers, advertisements are also very important. Money earned from advertisements makes it possible for them to sell their newspapers at a low price and still make a profit. 41. According to the first paragraph, it is ________ for every family to buy newspapers. A. unusual B. common C. profitable D. useless 42. The underlined phrase “subscribe to” in the first paragraph means “________”. A. go to a newspaper stand B. publish their news stories C. pay to get a newspaper regularly D. become faithful readers 43. Five hundred years ago, ________. A. bad news traveled quickly and good news slowly B. few people cared about events that took place in faraway countries C. kings and rulers were often overthrown or killed D. news was passed from one person to another 44. The author seems to agree that money spent on advertisements is ________. A. wasted B. too much C. well spent D. worthless 45. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? A. Five hundred years ago, it took a long time for news to reach other countries. B. Newspaper advertisements turn people’s attention away from their products. C. The news that we read in newspapers is mainly about new products. D. When newspapers are sold at a low price, the newspaper producers will lose money. Do you love holidays but hate the increased weight that follows? You are not alone. Holidays are happy days with pleasure and delicious foods. Many people, however, are worried about the weight that comes along with these delicious foods. With proper planning, it is possible to control your weight. The idea is to enjoy the holidays but not to eat too much. You don’t have to turn away from the foods that you enjoy. The following suggestions may be of some help to you. Do not miss meals. Before you leave home for a feast(宴会), have a small, low-fat snack(小吃). This may help to keep you from getting too excited before delicious foods. Begin with clear soup and fruit or vegetables. A large glass of water before you eat may help you feel full. Use a small plate; a large plate will encourage you to have more than enough. Better not have high-fat foods. Dishes that look oily or creamy have much fat in them. Choose lean meat(瘦肉). Fill your plate with salad and green vegetables. If you have a sweet tooth, try mints(薄荷) and fruits. They don’t have fat content as cream and chocolate. Don’t let exercise take a break during the holidays. A 20-minute walk after a meal can help burn off excess calories. 51. Holidays are happy days with pleasure but they may _____. A. bring you weight problems B. bring you much trouble in your life C. make you worry about your foods D. make you hate delicious foods 52. In order to enjoy your holidays without putting on weight, you’d better _____. A. not accept invitations to feasts B. not eat the foods in high fat C. have water and vegetables only D. turn away from delicious foods 53. When you go to a feast, you should do the following EXCEPT _____. A. using a large plate B. beginning with clear soup C. having more vegetables D. drinking a large glass of water 54. According to the passage, _____ can stop you from putting on weight. A high fat foods B. cream and chocolate C. physical exercise D. calories of energy 55. The underlined word “excess” in the last paragraph means “_____” in Chinese. A. 少许的 B. 足够的 C. 大量的 D. 过多的 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $