Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility 高考真题练（同步练习）-【学而思·PPT课件分层练习】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（译林版）

高考真题练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 (2023新课标Ⅰ,B) When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine. The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge(污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge. He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. “Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.” 1.What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs? A.He was fond of traveling.　　　　　B.He enjoyed being alone. C.He had an inquiring mind.　　　　　D.He longed to be a doctor. 2.Why did John put the sludge into the tanks? A.To feed the animals.　　　　　B.To build an ecosystem. C.To protect the plants.　　　　　D.To test the eco-machine. 3.What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou? A.To review John’s research plans.　　　　　 B.To show an application of John’s idea. C.To compare John’s different jobs.　　　　　 D.To erase doubts about John’s invention. 4.What is the basis for John’s work? A.Nature can repair itself.　　　　　B.Organisms need water to survive. C.Life on Earth is diverse.　　　　　D.Most tiny creatures live in groups. 高考词汇站 派生/合成词汇 1.dirt n.污物,尘土→　　　　adj.肮脏的  2.harm vt.& n.伤害→　　　　adj.有害的  3.combine vt.& vi.(使)组合,联合→ 　　　　n.结合  4.ecology n.生态→ecological adj.　　　  5.invent v.发明→ 　　　　n.发明者,发明家  6.eco-machine n.　　　  7.fiberglass n.　　　  8.ecosystem n.　　　  9.greenhouse-like adj.　　　  10.relationship n.　　　  11.self-repair n.　　　  熟词生义 12.trap v.　　　　　13.clear adj. 　　　　　14.life n.　　　　　15.treat v.　　　　  Ⅱ.七选五 (2025新课标Ⅱ) Unexpected Benefits of Volunteering as a Family Are you looking for a way to bring your family together? Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults? 　1　 You may know the “feel-good” emotions that come with helping others, but there are even more unexpected ways volunteering will positively affect the whole family.  •You’ll feel like you have more time. People often feel they are too busy to volunteer. Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. 　2　  •You can live longer if you volunteer regularly. 　3　 Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age. Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives.  •　4　  Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence. These effects aren’t just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen’s well-being in the years to come. •You’ll have more time with family. Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal. 　5　 Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way. And, there are tasks for every age and ability, so all your children can feel proud of their work.  A.Helping the community lowers rates of depression. B.Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need. C.Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers. D.Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice. E.For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits. F.You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn’t know about before. G.Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day. 1.　　　　　　2.　　　　　　3.　　　　　　4.　　　　　　5.　　　　　　   高考词汇站 派生/合成词汇 1.expect v.预料;期待→　　　　 adj.预料的→　　　　 adj.想不到的,意外的  2.depress v.使抑郁,使沮丧→　　　　n.抑郁,沮丧  3.feel-good adj.　　　  4.self-confidence n.　　　  5.short-term adj.　　　  6.well-being n.　　　  7.lifelong adj.　　　  熟词生义 8.cause n.　　　  Ⅲ.完形填空 (2023新课标Ⅰ) On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have 　1　 the course earlier than she did. Her 　2　 came because she was carrying a 　3　 across the finish line.  As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 　4　 when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She 　5　 to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with 　6　. She couldn’t. Bailey then 　7　 to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 　8　 attention.  Once there, Lenoue was 　9　 and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme 　10　 to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.  As for Bailey, she is more 　11　 about why her act is considered a big 　12　.“She was just crying. I couldn’t 　13　 her,” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”  Although the two young women were strangers before the 　14　, they’ve since become friends. Neither won the race, but the 　15　 of human kindness won the day.  1.A.designed　　　　　B.followed C.changed　　　　　D.finished 2.A.delay　　　　　B.chance C.trouble　　　　　D.excuse 3.A.judge　　　　　B.volunteer C.classmate　　　　　D.competitor 4.A.race　　　　　B.school C.town　　　　　D.training 5.A.agreed　　　　　B.returned C.stopped　　　　　D.promised 6.A.courage　　　　　B.aid C.patience　　　　　D.advice 7.A.went away　　　　　B.stood up C.stepped aside　　　　　D.bent down 8.A.medical　　　　　B.public C.constant　　　　　D.equal 9.A.interrupted　　　　　B.assessed C.identified　　　　　D.appreciated 10.A.hunger　　　　　B.pain C.cold　　　　　D.tiredness 11.A.worried　　　　　B.ashamed C.confused　　　　　D.discouraged 12.A.game　　　　　B.problem C.lesson　　　　　D.deal 13.A.leave　　　　　B.cure C.bother　　　　　D.understand 14.A.ride　　　　　B.test C.meet　　　　　D.show 15.A.secret　　　　　B.display C.benefit　　　　　D.exchange 高考词汇站 派生/合成词汇 1.injure v.伤害,使受伤→　　　　n.伤害  2.report v.报道→　　　　n.记者  3.strange adj.陌生的;奇怪的→　　　　n.陌生人  4.kind adj.体贴的,友好的→　　　　n.善良,体贴  5.checkpoint n.　　　  熟词生义 6.fellow adj.　　　  7.attention n.　　  8.meet n.　　  Ⅳ.读后续写 (2024新课标Ⅰ) 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I met Gunter on a cold, wet and unforgettable evening in September. I had planned to fly to Vienna and take a bus to Prague for a conference. Due to a big storm, my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half. I touched down in Vienna just 30 minutes before the departure of the last bus to Prague. The moment I got off the plane, I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought. That was when I met Gunter. I told him where I was going, but he said he hadn’t heard of the bus station. I thought my pronunciation was the problem, so I explained again more slowly, but he still looked confused. When I was about to give up, Gunter fished out his little phone and rang up a friend. After a heated discussion that lasted for what seemed like a century, Gunter put his phone down and started the car. Finally, with just two minutes to spare we rolled into the bus station. Thankfully, there was a long queue(队列) still waiting to board the bus. Gunter parked the taxi behind the bus, turned around, and looked at me with a big smile on his face. “We made it,” he said. Just then I realised that I had zero cash in my wallet. I flashed him an apologetic smile as I pulled out my Portuguese bankcard. He tried it several times, but the card machine just did not play along. A feeling of helplessness washed over me as I saw the bus queue thinning out. At this moment, Gunter pointed towards the waiting hall of the bus station. There, at the entrance, was a cash machine. I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the machine, and popped my card in, only to read the message:“Out of order. Sorry.” 注意:续写词数应为150个左右。 　　I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  高考词汇站 派生/合成词汇 1.forgettable adj.易被忘记的→　　　　 adj.难以忘怀的  2.pronounce v.发音,读音→ 　　　　n.发音  3.confuse vt.使困惑,把……弄糊涂;混淆→　　　　adj.困惑的,糊涂的  4.discuss v.讨论→　　　　n.讨论  5.thankful adj.感谢的,感激的→　　　　adv.幸亏;感激地  6.apology n.道歉→　　　　adj.道歉的,愧疚的  7.helpless adj.无助的→　　　　n.无助  8.enter v.进入→　　　　n.入口  9.airport n.　　　  10.bankcard n.　　　  熟词生义 11.last v.　　　  答案与分层梯度式解析 高考真题练 Ⅰ.◎语篇解读　本文是记叙文,主要讲述了约翰·托德(John Todd)自孩童时代起就对自然生态感兴趣,致力于此方面的研究并将所得应用于实践的经历。 1.C　推理判断题。根据第一段中的explore、started to wonder和第二段中的studying、went back to observing、asking questions可以推断出,约翰自孩童时代就喜欢探究和质疑。故选C。inquiring意为“爱探索的,好奇的”。 2.D　推理判断题。本题问的是约翰把污泥放进水箱的目的。根据第二段最后一句可知,约翰决定建造一个生态机器(eco-machine)。第三段主要讲述了约翰的实验过程(把污泥放进水箱里并观察)。第四段描述实验结果——这个生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成食物吃了。由此可推断出,约翰把污泥放进水箱的目的是测试他研制的生态机器。故选D。 3.B　推理判断题。根据题干关键词Fuzhou可定位到第五段。根据“John has taken on many big jobs”可知,约翰已经承担了很多大型工作。紧接着通过他的发明应用于南伯灵顿和福州的例子来说明他的想法在实践中的应用(application)。故选B。 4.A　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”可知约翰的研究依据是自然可以进行自我修复。故选A。 【高考词汇站】　1.dirty　2.harmful　3.combination 4.生态的　5.inventor　6.生态机器　7.玻璃纤维　8.生态系统　9.像温室一样的　10.关系,联系　11.自行修复　12.吸收,留存　13.透明的　14.生物,活物 15.(利用化学物质或反应)处理 Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了全家一起做志愿服务的意想不到的好处。 1.B　本段是照应标题“全家一起做志愿服务的意想不到的好处”的开篇段。前两句提到你是否想找到大人和小孩都能参与的能让一家人亲近的方式,后一句具体阐述做志愿服务有你可能知道的助人为乐的好处,也有更多你意想不到的对全家人的好处,因此设空处需要起到承上启下的作用。B 项(一家人做志愿服务刚好可能是你所需要的那种方式)能够照应标题,回答前文的问题,同时引出后文。故选 B。 2.G　上一句提到为社区事业投入时间实际上会让你感觉自己有更多的时间。根据本段标题(你将会感觉有了更多的时间)可知, 本段阐述的内容与“时间”有关,G 项中的each day符合语境。故选G。 3.E　设空处位于段首,考虑为段落中心句。本段主要阐述的是“定期做志愿服务能活得更长”。空后举例说明55岁及以上的参加志愿活动的人获得的健康方面的好处,adults为提示词,所以设空处一定出现了相应的原词或同义表达。E项中的For adults符合语境,E项(对成年人来说,做志愿服务能够提供显著的身体健康方面的好处)能表达段落主旨。故选 E。 4.C　设空处在小标题位置,考虑为段落主旨句。本段第一句提到了“major positive effects”并举例说明;第二句提到了“to affect a teen’s well-being”,两句均围绕“积极的影响”阐述。C项中的effect与段中的effects和affect吻合,teenagers与段中的teenage和teen为同义复现,C项(做志愿服务对孩子和青少年来说有终身的影响)能够很好地概括本段的主旨。故选C。 5.F　前一句提出家庭成员会有特别的经历,后一句再次提到something unique,也就是说,设空处需要体现出其他成员以前不知道的“unique”之意。最后一句中的“all your children can feel proud of their work”表明与孩子有关。F项(你甚至可能会得知你的孩子拥有你以前不知道的天赋)符合语境。故选 F。 【高考词汇站】　1.expected;unexpected　2.depression　3.使人愉悦的　4.自信　 5.短期的　6.健康　7.终身的 8.事业 Ⅲ.◎语篇解读　本文是记叙文,主要讲述了一名越野赛跑运动员在比赛中将受伤的运动员背至终点后又背她去就医的故事。 1.D　根据首句中的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”以及下文中“Bailey then 　7　 to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line”可知,此处表示Melanie Bailey本可以早一点完成(finished)比赛。  2.A　结合第1题解析可知,Melanie Bailey因为背Lenoue完成比赛导致她延误到达终点的时间。delay意为“延误”。 3.D　根据下文中的“help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue”可知,Lenoue也是比赛选手(competitor)。 4.A　根据a cross-country race、the course、the finish line以及her fellow runner等可知,Melanie Bailey和Danielle Lenoue都在参加比赛。所以,此处表示Melanie Bailey在比赛(race)途中跑到超过三分之二的时候遇到了因疼痛而哭泣的Danielle Lenoue。 5.C　Danielle Lenoue在Melanie Bailey前面因疼痛而哭泣,所以,Melanie Bailey停下来(stopped)帮助Danielle Lenoue。 6.B　Bailey扶着Lenoue,想看她是否能在有帮助(aid)的情况下往前走。 7.D　此处表示Bailey弯下腰(bent down)让Lenoue爬上她的后背,然后背着她到终点。 8.A　根据设空处所在句子以及下文中的“make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help”可知,Bailey背着Lenoue到达终点后,又背着她走了300英尺去治疗。medical attention意为“治疗”。 9.B　此处表示Lenoue的伤势得到评估(assessed),然后被送到医院。 10.B　根据上文中的“began crying in pain”可知,如果没有Bailey的帮助,Lenoue就得强忍剧痛(pain)走到救援站。pain是原词复现。 11.C　根据下文Bailey所说的“I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”可知,Bailey认为自己只是做了应该做的事,但是人们却认为她的行为非常了不起,这让她有些困惑(confused)。 12.D　参见第11题解析。a big deal意为“一件了不起的事情”。 13.A　Lenoue因为疼痛难忍在那里哭泣,Bailey不忍丢下(leave)她。 14.C　Melanie Bailey和Danielle Lenoue在这次比赛(meet)之前并不认识。 15.B　虽然Melanie Bailey和Danielle Lenoue都未赢得比赛,但是Melanie Bailey的行为是人性的善良的展现(display),它赢得了当天的胜利。 【高考词汇站】　1.injury　2.reporter　3.stranger 4.kindness　5.检查站　6.同类的,同伴的　7.照料 8.体育比赛 Ⅳ.One possible version: I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news. Gunter’s eyes widened as I explained the futile attempt at the cash machine. Meanwhile, when I glanced at the gradually thinning queue in the distance, a sense of anxiety dominated my heart. It was then that an ambitious idea that I’d offer to pay the fare when I returned four days later occurred to me. Hearing my intention and realizing the anxious tone in my voice, Gunter stared at me for one moment. Eventually, his serious face softened with empathy, a silent acknowledgment of my proposal. Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised. When he recognized my voice, his hearty laugh echoed through the phone. After exchanging warm greetings, we decided to meet at where he dropped me off last time. While seeing each other only for a second time, we instantly embraced like long-lost friends on the spot. Actually, it was out of his expectation, for he wasn’t sure if I would show up. Nevertheless, the faith in humanity convinced him of the power of trust. In my heart, never would such a good deed fade. 【高考词汇站】　1.unforgettable　2.pronunciation 3.confused　4.discussion　5.thankfully　6.apologetic　7.helplessness　8.entrance　9.机场　10.银行卡 11.持续 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $