UNIT 3 Part 1 Reading and Thinking（同步练习）-【学而思·PPT课件分层练习】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（人教版）

UNIT 3　SEA EXPLORATION Part 1　Reading and Thinking 基础过关练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.(2025广东佛山月考)He was born in India in 1869. Following the local custom, he got married at the age of 13. In 1888, he set sail 　　　　　 England, where he studied law for three years and became a lawyer.  2.The rescue team, 　　　　　 the command of the chief officer, worked tirelessly to search for survivors after the earthquake.  3.Some of the reviewers are writing positive reviews in return 　　　　　 payment or gifts from the maker.  4.　　　　　 a practical point of view, the most straightforward approach is to throw ourselves into the task 　　　　　 hand.  5.(2025河北保定期中)The conditions quickly worsened as strong winds and intense heat turned the fire into a deadly force, making a safe 　　　　　(withdraw) the only option.  6.(2025江苏苏州期末)The heartwarming tale of Gobi, a stray (走失的) dog with an extraordinary spirit, took a surprising twist, showcasing the emotional bond 　　　　　 humans and dogs.  7.The details of the Free Trade Agreement between the two countries have been under 　　　　　(negotiate) for several years.  8.(2021天津3月改编)China's National Highway 318, 　　　　(extend) over 5,000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu, is known as the “heavenly road” for its amazing views.  9.(2025新课标Ⅰ)Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, 　　　　　 always puts me in a cheerful mood.  10.(2023全国甲)With millions of people likely 　　　　　(take)on DIY projects over the coming weeks, new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done.  Ⅱ.完成句子 1.(2023全国甲写作)在那个时期,急需统一度量衡,以保证国家赋税收入。(urgent) In the phase, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 to unify weights and measures to guarantee the country's tax revenue.  2.不出所料,他赢得了冠军,作为短跑选手,他独领风骚。(as) 　　　　 　　　　, he won the championship and was 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 as a sprinter.  3.他脸上的笑容就像春日里的阳光那样灿烂。他决定尽他所能去帮助那些有需要的人。(what引导的宾语从句) The smile on his face was as brilliant as the sun on a spring day. He decided to do 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 in need.(读后续写—人物描写)  4.帐篷所剩无几,因此士兵把它们分发给有婴儿的家庭,以助力救援工作。(there be...left;distribute;benefit) 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, so the soldiers 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 the families with babies 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 rescue work. 能力提升练  Ⅰ.课文语法填空 Trade and curiosity often form the 　1　(found) of mankind's greatest achievements.  Marco Polo's tales inspired European explorers 　2　(search) for sea routes from west to east. But merchants and explorers from the East set sail many years before Columbus first 　3　(do). Apart from the Silk Road forming from China to other countries, a trading route across the sea was extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean, 　4　(centre) around Ceylon.  When it was the Ming Dynasty, it further developed relations with the regions to the west of China. Seven large 　5　(fleet) sailed west for trade and exploration, which were under the command of Zheng He. They set sail from the South China Sea and eventually 　6　 the east coast of Africa.  To reach out across the sea continues to be 　7　 strong wish now. The sea routes travelled by Zheng He in ancient times are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, 　8　 belongs to the Belt and Road Initiative.  China is also involved in other important projects with 　9　(it) friends across the sea. The need to trade 　10　 the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to cross the sea far into the future.  1.　　　　　　　2.　　　　　　　3.　　　　　　　4.　　　　　　　5.　　　　　　  6.　　　　　　　7.　　　　　　　8.　　　　　　　9.　　　　　　　10.　　　　　　   Ⅱ.语法填空 (2025河北衡水月考) China's ambitious underwater project marks a significant leap in deep-sea exploration technology. The nation is developing 　1　 research station 2,000 meters beneath the South China Sea, scheduled to become operational by 2030. This revolutionary facility, often 　2　(refer) to as the “deep-sea space station”, will match the combined complexity of three International Space Stations, 　3　(show) China's determination to lead the way in marine science and resource exploration.  The Chinese Academy of Sciences 　4　(receive) approval recently to start the construction of this revolutionary underwater infrastructure(基础设施). Positioned in the South China Sea, this station will explore an area filled 　5　 hydrothermal vents(热液喷口) that create unique ecosystems. These natural structures let out hot water full of minerals, creating conditions 　6　 more than 600 different species grow well even in extreme situations.  The engineering challenges of building at such a depth require innovative 　7　(solution). The station will incorporate a long-term life support system, enabling continuous monitoring of hydrothermal vents, ecological changes, 　8　 tectonic(地壳构造的) activity. This sustained observation capability represents a 　9　(technology) breakthrough in deep-sea research methods and survival techniques, similar to achievements demonstrated by engineers who have recently spent extended periods underwater using revolutionary breathing methods.  The facility will connect to an even 　10　(broad) infrastructure including an underwater fiber optic network for real-time data collection and communication.  1.　　　　　　　2.　　　　　　　3.　　　　　　　4.　　　　　　　5.　　　　　　 6.　　　　　　　7.　　　　　　　8.　　　　　　　9.　　　　　　　10.　　　　　　   Ⅲ.阅读理解 A (2024福建三明一中月考) Last Tuesday, a robotic ship called the Mayflower Autonomous Ship(MAS) set sail from Plymouth, England. The 15-meter ship will recreate the 1620 crossing of the Atlantic by the original Mayflower, which brought the first European settlers to what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts. But unlike the original Mayflower, there are no people on board. Everything about the ship is designed to run automatically. The ship is guided by an artificial intelligence(AI) system called the “AI Captain”. The MAS is a project run by an organization called ProMare along with IBM, aiming to test different kinds of technologies for collecting information about the sea. The new Mayflower's electric motor is powered by solar energy. The builders of the ship say they hope that it can be used in the future to travel and research parts of oceans that are too difficult or dangerous for people to reach. If this can be handled by machines, it could be a big advance in ocean research. Since the MAS didn't have to carry humans, its designers were free to think about how to make the best ship for the job. Apart from cameras and radar to help the ship guide itself, the ship is carrying different kinds of tools and sensors. It has special listening devices which can detect whales and dolphins and even a special “tongue” that can report back on the chemicals in the sea water. Last Friday morning, scientists tracking the ship noticed that it was going about half as fast as it should have. The AI Captain was working well, but there seemed to be something slowing the motor down. Since the ship had only covered 10% of the way across the Atlantic, the team decided to withdraw it to Plymouth so that they could fix the problem and send it out again. When the MAS finally does put out to sea again, it is expected to take about three weeks to cross the Atlantic Ocean. The top speed of the MAS is about 10 miles per hour. That may seem slow, but it's about 5 times faster than the original Mayflower, which took 66 days to make the journey. 1.What can be the ultimate mission of the MAS project?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A.Travelling across the Atlantic.　　 B.Developing new AI captain systems. C.Testing the new robotic ship of IBM.　　 D.Exploring the ocean with high technology. 2.What aspect of the MAS does the third paragraph tell us? A.Its operating system.　　B.Its working principle. C.Its functional equipment.　　D.Its design philosophy. 3.What caused the MAS to turn back during its voyage? A.The AI Captain sent wrong instructions. B.The electric motor got affected by something. C.The scientists wanted to change the ship's route. D.The ship needed to be serviced on a regular basis. 4.What could be the best title for the text? A.A Robotic Ship's Global Voyage　　 B.New Mayflower Crossing the Atlantic C.New Mayflower's Failed Mission　　 D.AI Captain System Guiding a Robotic Ship B (2025重庆市育才中学校开学考试) Scientists have recently discovered the world's largest known field of seagrass. They did it using videos shot by some extraordinary helpers. The work should help protect the seagrass, and also shows off a powerful way to explore the marine world. As the shelter for many sea creatures, the seagrass is a flowering plant that normally grows in the shallow waters near coasts. They grow thickly in patches, known as seagrass meadows(海草床), which help clean the ocean water. More importantly, they are called the “ocean lungs”. They help in the fight against the climate crisis. That's because they store huge amounts of carbon—the major source of global warming. Damaging these seagrass meadows can release the carbon again, making things worse. Considering the urgent need to protect seagrass meadows, scientists are eager to know about their size and number. However, they are hard to behold from above, because the water is either too deep or not clear enough. And the ocean is so huge that it's hard to study them by diving. So scientists decided to have tiger sharks help with the research. Tiger sharks are inborn fast swimmers, and spend a lot of time in seagrass meadows. Between 2016 and 2020, the researchers attached cameras and other trackers to the fins of seven tiger sharks, and then let them go again. The cameras were designed to fall off after hours and float to the surface. Tracking signals helped find the floating cameras and collect the videos the sharks had shot while traveling for miles. Moreover, other tools were used, and the researchers got satellite images as well as images taken by divers and boats. Putting all this information together, the scientists learned that the waters around the Bahamas are home to the largest seagrass meadow ever discovered. And it covers an area of at least 25,500 square miles, and could be as large as 35,500 square miles. Different from previous studies, the process discovers how useful large underwater animals can be for helping to learn more about life under the sea. Oliver Shipley, a scientist from the team, says animals like tiger sharks are going to take us to new places that we didn't know existed. 5.Why do seagrass meadows urgently need protection? A.Damaging them will worsen the climate crisis. B.They determine the cleanliness of ocean water. C.Sea creatures can't survive without their shelter. D.Their existence balances the underwater ecosystem. 6.How did tiger sharks help with the scientific research? A.By tracking signals scientists sent.　　 B.By bringing back cameras with videos. C.By carrying the recording equipment around.　　 D.By spending a lot of time in seagrass meadows. 7.What is the highlight of the research according to the text? A.Leading scientists.　　B.Advanced theories. C.Multiple experimental tools.　　D.Unusual research assistants. 8.What is the most suitable title for the text? A.Man and Nature Work Together　　 B.A Novel Way to Explore the Sea C.Seagrass: An Undervalued Plant　　 D.Ocean Lungs Measured by Natural Explorers 答案与分层梯度式解析 Part 1　Reading and Thinking 基础过关练 Ⅰ.1.for　考查介词。句意:他1869年出生于印度。按照当地习俗,他13岁就结了婚。1888年,他起航前往英国,在那里学习了三年法律,成为一名律师。set sail for...意为“起航前往……”,故填介词for。 2.under　考查介词。固定短语under the command of...意为“在……的指挥下”,故填under。句意:在首席官员的指挥下,救援队在地震后不知疲倦地设法搜寻幸存者。 3.for　考查介词。in return for为固定搭配,意为“作为对……的回报”。故填for。句意:一些评论家写正面的评论以换取制造者的报酬或礼物。 4.From;in/on/at　考查介词。from a/an...point of view表示“从……的角度看”;表示“手头的任务”用the task in/on/at hand。句意:从实际的角度来看,最简单的方法就是让我们自己投入到手头的任务中去。 5.withdrawal　考查名词。“making a safe 　　　(withdraw) the only option”为“make+宾语+宾补”结构,宾语为“a safe 　　　(withdraw)”,宾补为 the only option,设空处为宾语的中心词,根据前面的a可知,设空处应填名词单数,故填withdrawal,表示“撤退;撤离”。句意:情况迅速恶化,强风和高温将这场大火化作致命的力量,这使安全撤离成为唯一的选择。  6.between　考查介词。句意:Gobi是一只拥有非凡精神的流浪狗,它的暖心故事迎来了一个令人意外的转折,展现了人与狗之间的情感联系。the bond between...and...意为“……和……之间的联系/纽带”,故填介词between。 7.negotiation　考查名词。be under negotiation意为“在商谈/谈判中”,故填negotiation。句意:两国之间自由贸易协定的细节已经谈判了好几年。 8.extending　考查现在分词。分析句子成分可知,is known是句子的谓语,且空前没有连词,所以空格处应填非谓语动词。extend与句子主语China's National Highway 318之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词,故填extending。句意:中国的318国道从上海到樟木,延伸出五千多千米,因为它令人惊叹的景色而被誉为“天路”。 9.which　考查定语从句。句意:凯瑟琳脸上总是带着灿烂的笑容,这总能让我心情愉快。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句的内容,在从句中作主语,故填which。 10.to take　考查动词不定式。句意:随着数百万人在未来几周内可能要参加DIY项目,新的研究表明,超过一半的人计划充分利用漫长而温暖的夏日来完成工作。分析句子结构可知,设空处是with的复合结构中的一部分,作宾语补足语,表示将来要发生的动作,故填不定式to take。 Ⅱ.1.there was an urgent need　2.As expected;in a league of his own　3.what he could to help those　4.There were few tents left;distributed them to;for the benefit of 能力提升练 Ⅰ.1.foundation　考查名词。根据设空处前的the和设空处后的of可知,此处应填名词。此处指贸易和好奇心往往构成人类最伟大成就的基础。故填foundation。 2.to search　考查不定式。inspire sb. to do sth.意为“激励某人做某事”。故填to search。句意:马可·波罗的故事激励欧洲探险家寻找从西到东的海上航线。 3.did　考查动词的时态。 句意:但是,东方的商人和探险家的起航时间比哥伦布首次起航早很多年。根据本段语境可知,描述的事发生在过去,故填did。 4.centred/centring　考查非谓语动词。句意:除了从中国到其他国家的丝绸之路外,以锡兰为中心,一个横跨海洋的贸易路线沿着印度洋的海岸延伸。centre意为“以……为中心”时既可以作及物动词又可以作不及物动词,可用centre around...或centre...around...,因此作状语时,既可用过去分词也可用现在分词。 5.fleets　考查名词复数。 fleet意为“船队,舰队”,是可数名词,根据Seven可知,此处应用复数形式。故填fleets。 6.to　考查介词。set sail from...to...为固定搭配,意为“从……起航到……”,故填to。 7.a　考查冠词。句意:如今,跨海越洋仍然是一个强烈的愿望。wish意为“愿望”,是可数名词,此处泛指“一个强烈的愿望”,strong的发音以辅音音素开头,故填不定冠词a。 8.which　考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,前面为名词短语the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road,后面内容缺主语,结合语境可知,前面的名词短语即后面内容的主语,所以设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,故填which。句意:随着属于“一带一路”倡议的“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的提出,古代郑和航行过的海上航线再度受到关注。 9.its　考查形容词性物主代词。设空处后是名词,提示词是代词,所以用形容词性物主代词修饰名词。故填its。 10.and　考查连词。设空处前的“The need to trade”和设空处后的“the desire to enhance relationships”是两个并列的成分,所以用and连接。句意:贸易的需要和加强关系的愿望将促使中国跨海越洋,走向遥远的未来。 Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国正在南海2,000米深处建造的研究站,该站计划于2030年投入使用,其复杂性堪比三个国际空间站的总和,彰显了中国在海洋科学和资源勘探领域领先的决心。 【高频词汇】　1.schedule v.安排;为……安排时间 2.facility n.设施,设备;建筑　3.refer to...as...把……称作……　4.complexity n.复杂性　5.approval n.批准;同意　6.innovative adj.创新的　7.breakthrough n.突破;重大进展　8.demonstrate vt.展现;证明 【熟词生义】　match 熟义:n.火柴,比赛 v.般配　生义:v.与……相匹敌,与……不相上下 【差距词汇】　1.leap n.跳跃;激增　2.incorporate vt.包含 1.a　考查冠词。句意:中国正在南海2,000米深处建造一个研究站,计划于2030年投入使用。station为可数名词单数,此处泛指“一个研究站”,research的发音以辅音音素开头,故用不定冠词a。 2.referred　考查过去分词。句意:这一革命性设施常被称为“深海空间站”,其复杂性堪比三个国际空间站的总和,彰显了中国在海洋科学和资源勘探领域领先的决心。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语 will match,故此处应用非谓语动词;This revolutionary facility与refer to...as...之间为被动关系,应用过去分词作后置定语。故填referred。 3.showing　考查现在分词。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语 will match,故此处应用非谓语动词;句子主语This revolutionary facility与show 之间为主动关系,故应用现在分词作状语。故填showing。 4.has received　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:中国科学院最近已获准开始建造这一革命性的水下基础设施。根据recently和语境可知,“获得批准” 这一动作发生在过去,且对现在造成了影响(可以开始建造),应用现在完成时;主语The Chinese Academy of Sciences表示单数意义,助动词应用has。故填has received。 易错归因　　本题易受主语The Chinese Academy of Sciences形式的影响,认为主语是复数,从而误填have received。The Chinese Academy of Sciences意为“中国科学院”,表示单数意义。 知识拓展　　类似The Chinese Academy of Sciences以s结尾,但表示单数意义的短语,通常表示机构、组织或国家,如:the United Nations联合国;the United States美国;the Philippines菲律宾;the Netherlands荷兰。 5.with　考查介词。句意:该站位于南海,将探索一个布满热液喷口的区域,这些喷口造就了独特的生态系统。be filled with意为“充满……”,此处为过去分词短语作定语。故填with。 6.where　考查定语从句。句意:这些自然结构喷出富含矿物质的热水,为600多个不同物种创造了即使在极端情况下也能茁壮成长的条件。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,先行词为conditions,表示抽象的地点,关系词在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where。 7.solutions　考查名词复数。句意:在这样的深度建造所面临的工程挑战需要创新的解决方案。solution意为“解决方案”时为可数名词,空前无冠词修饰,结合语境可知此处应用复数形式,表示多种解决方案。故填solutions。 8.and　考查连词。句意:该站将配备一个长期的生命支持系统,能够持续监测热液喷口、生态变化和地壳构造活动。hydrothermal vents、ecological changes和tectonic activity为并列关系,都属于研究站要进行的监测内容,应用连词and连接。 9.technological　考查形容词。句意:这种持续观测能力代表了深海研究方法和生存技术方面的一个技术突破,类似于最近工程师们使用革命性呼吸方法在水下长时间停留所展现的成就。设空处作定语,应用形容词technological。 10.broader　考查形容词的比较级。句意:该设施将连接到一个更广泛的基础设施,它包括用于实时数据收集和信息交流的水下光纤网络。根据空前的even 可知,此处暗含比较的意思,应用形容词broad的比较级broader,表示“更广泛的”。 知识拓展　　常用于修饰形容词比较级的词:much(……得多);far/by far(远远,……得多);a lot/a great deal(……得多);even(甚至更);still(更);any(一点,丝毫);slightly(略微)。 Ⅲ. A ◎语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一艘名为五月花号的自动驾驶船横渡大西洋的情况,并介绍了它的功能配置以及遇到的困难。 【高频词汇】　1.original adj.起初的,原来的 2.automatically adv.自动地　3.handle v.操纵;处理 4.advance n.进步,进展　5.detect v.探测;查明,察觉 6.track v.追踪,跟踪 【熟词生义】　1.fix 熟义:vt.修理　生义:vt.解决 2.put out 熟义:扑灭　生义:起航;离港 3.service 熟义:n.服务　生义:vt.检修;保养 长难句 the 1620 crossing of the Atlantic by the original Mayflower, ( ).  译文:这艘15米长的船将重现1620年最初的五月花号横渡大西洋的航行,它将第一批欧洲殖民者带到了现在的马萨诸塞州的普利茅斯。 1.D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“aiming to test different kinds of technologies for collecting information about the sea”可知,MAS项目旨在测试收集海洋信息的不同技术,所以其终极使命可能是用高科技探索海洋。故选D。 2.C　细节理解题。根据第三段的关键信息“Apart from cameras and radar to help the ship guide itself...different kinds of tools and sensors...special listening devices...and even a special ‘tongue’ that can report back on the chemicals in the sea water.”可知,第三段提到了导航的摄像机和雷达,各种各样的工具和传感器,特殊的监听装置,甚至还有特殊的“舌头”,可以汇报海水中的化学物质,这些都是MAS的功能配置。故选C。A.它的操作系统;B.它的工作原理;D.它的设计哲学。 3.B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“but there seemed to be something slowing the motor down”和“the team decided to withdraw it to Plymouth so that they could fix the problem and send it out again”可知,马达被某些东西影响,减慢了航行速度,导致MAS返航进行修理。故选B。 4.B　主旨大意题。根据第一段内容及下文介绍可知,文章主要说明了被命名为五月花号的自动驾驶船横渡大西洋的情况,同时介绍了这艘船的功能配置以及遇到的困难。由此可知,B项“新五月花号横渡大西洋”最适合作为文章标题。故选B。 易错归因　　本题易误选D项,D项将AI Captain System作为一个信息重点,但该系统只是文中涉及的一个技术点,在文中占比很小,不是文章的重点。 B ◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家借助虎鲨作为“研究助手”,成功发现全球最大的海草床的过程,这一方法在海洋探索中具有重要意义。 【高频词汇】　1.shallow adj.浅的　2.release vt.释放;发布　3.urgent adj.紧急的;迫切的　4.eager adj.渴望的　5.attach v.把……固定　6.worsen v.(使)恶化;(使)变得更糟　7.highlight n.最精彩的部分 【熟词生义】　show off 熟义:炫耀　生义:展示,让人注意(令人骄傲的人或物) 【差距词汇】　inborn adj.天生的;生来的 长难句 learned 译文:综合所有这些信息,科学家们了解到巴哈马群岛周围的水域是迄今发现的最大的海草床的所在地。 5.A　细节理解题。题干中的“urgently need protection”与第三段首句中的“the urgent need to protect”为同义表达,第二段最后两句“That's because they store huge amounts of carbon...making things worse.”明确指出海草床能储存大量的碳——这是全球变暖的主要原因,而破坏海草床会释放碳,使情况更糟糕。故选A项“破坏它们会加剧气候危机”。 6.C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“the researchers attached cameras and other trackers to the fins of seven tiger sharks...collect the videos the sharks had shot while traveling for miles”可知,研究人员将摄像机和其他追踪器固定在虎鲨的鳍上,利用虎鲨在海里的活动拍摄视频。所以虎鲨是通过携带录制设备四处游动来帮助科学研究的。故选C。 7.D　推理判断题。最后一段强调该研究过程的独特之处(Different from...)在于利用大型水下动物帮助了解海洋生物,所以在这项研究中虎鲨作为“不寻常的研究助手(Unusual research assistants)”是亮点。故选D。 8.D　主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了科学家借助虎鲨作为“研究助手”,成功发现全球最大的海草床的过程。D项中的“Ocean Lungs(海洋之肺)”指代海草床,点明其生态价值;“Natural Explorers(自然探索者)”指代虎鲨,突出其作为研究助手的角色;“Measured by”体现研究过程(借助虎鲨测量海草床规模和数量)。故D项“由自然探索者测量的海洋之肺”最贴合文章主旨。故选D。 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $