UNIT 1 Part 1 Reading and Thinking（同步练习）-【学而思·PPT课件分层练习】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（人教版）

UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION Part 1　Reading and Thinking 基础过关练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.(2025安徽滁州期中)I felt my waist had gotten smaller and that my arms had gotten stronger, and I was no longer 　　　　　(guilt) after having a piece of cake or a drink.  2.(2023北京)This track record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism, such as 　　　　　(declare) of the field's doubtful scientific value.  3.His mother was ill, and to make matters worse, he himself was dismissed 　　　　　 his post 　　　　　 frequent absences.  4.Suffering from the severe headache, Kate canceled her conference in the afternoon and made an 　　　　　(appoint) with a doctor.  5.Applicants began flooding into teacher training programs, not because the 　　　　　(salary) were so high but because respect made the job desirable.  6.In view of the present crisis, it is absurd 　　　　　(imagine) that the recovery will be quick and easy.  7.(2025山东潍坊月考)In addition to desperate poverty and strong winds blowing dust everywhere, the locals had to live in the extremely hot climate with 　　　　　(ridiculous) huge crowds.  8.The job's 　　　　　(bonus) include flexible working hours and the opportunity to attend international conferences, making it highly attractive to young professionals.   9.The match had just begun when the heavens opened, so the match 　　　　　(suspend).  10.(易错题)The look on his face suggested he 　　　　　(be) unhappy, so I suggested he 　　　　　(go) camping with us.  Ⅱ.选词填空(其中有一项多余) test out;in time;more like;or rather;in contrast To help the old people, a new household robot is being 1.　　　　　　 in the lab. It is not a robot in the traditional sense. 2.　　　　　　, it is superior to the former generations of robots. It is 3.　　　　　　 a human than an unconscious machine—even its skin is soft, 4.　　　　　　, warm as well as soft.   Ⅲ.完成句子 1.社交机器人更像是同伴,而不是工具。 Social robots are much 　　　　 　　　　 companions 　　　　 tools.  2.老房子外面,一位老人站在那里,泪水从他眼里涌出。(完全倒装) Outside the old house, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, tears welling up in his eyes.(读后续写—场景描写)  3.他们彼此告别,不知道他们再也不会见面了。(be to do结构) They said goodbye to each other, not knowing that they 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 again.  4.(2025新课标Ⅰ写作)虽然我们的大部分时间都花在提升学业成绩上,但我们仍需要适当地与同学互动,从而增进彼此的了解。(让步状语从句,spend) 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 improving our academic performance, we need to interact properly with our classmates, thus strengthening mutual understanding.  能力提升练 Ⅰ.课文语法填空 A household robot called Tony was to be tested out in Larry's house. Though Claire, Larry's wife, didn't like 　1　 idea in the beginning, she was persuaded to let the robot 　2　(company) her while her husband was away on a business trip. The robot looked like a tall and handsome man with smooth hair. Though his facial 　3　(express) never changed, the robot was 　4　(gift)with a charming deep voice. At the sight of Tony, Claire felt alarmed because he seemed 　5　(much) like a human than a machine. So when Tony offered to help her get dressed, Claire felt more than embarrassed.   However, Tony gradually won Claire's trust. He took good care of Claire and even managed to rescue her 　6　 she fell off the ladder. He also helped Claire realize her dream by 　7　(make) her home more elegant, giving her a new haircut and improving her makeup. He advised her to throw a party and expected all the guests who 　8　(invite) would be filled with admiration when they saw her house was 　9　(complete) transformed. And Tony said he was so attached 　10　 her that he was unwilling to leave her.  1.　　　　　　　2.　　　　　　　3.　　　　　　　4.　　　　　　　5.　　　　　　  6.　　　　　　　7.　　　　　　　8.　　　　　　　9.　　　　　　　10.　　　　　　   Ⅱ.语法填空 (2025广东清远八校联盟月考) DeepSeek: Bridging the Gap Between Humans and AI DeepSeek, 　1　 innovative AI research lab established in 2023, is dedicated to developing advanced machine learning systems, 　2　 can understand human language more naturally. Their latest breakthrough, 　3　(declare) last month, involves a neural network capable of generating coherent essays in seconds.  The technology, applied on a daily basis to education and content creation, 　4　(draw) widespread attention recently. “Our goal is 　5　(enable) users to focus on creativity rather than repetitive tasks—a bonus for both professionals and students,” said Dr. Li, the lab's director. Whereas, ethical 　6　(concern) have been raised regarding the potential misuse of such tools.  Acting as collaborative partners, DeepSeek's systems are designed to work 　7　(close) with humans and are more like helpers. For instance, 　8　 the process of writing a research paper, AI might suggest relevant sources while 　9　(allow) the author to retain full editorial control. This approach 　10　(emphasize) the importance of balancing automation and human input, which turns out to be a crucial factor in shaping the future of AI-human interaction.  1.　　　　　　　2.　　　　　　　3.　　　　　　　4.　　　　　　　5.　　　　　　  6.　　　　　　　7.　　　　　　　8.　　　　　　　9.　　　　　　　10.　　　　　　   Ⅲ.阅读理解 A (2025江苏苏州期中) Human history is full of horse stories in which horses guide cowboys home on foggy nights and carry injured soldiers through battle zones. Such wise and highly trained horses made Eakta Jain, a computer scientist and roboticist, think of robots. “A horse that can take a rider home on its own shows the highest level of autonomy(自主),” Jain says. “You trust it with your life.” She was inspired to learn how that trust formed and if it could help improve human-robot interactions. For a year, Jain immersed herself in the horse world. She watched classes in horse training and she also talked with students, instructors, trainers and horse owners. Along the way, Jain even learned to ride. Horses learn signals from their trainers on how to comfortably interact with people. People, too, must learn their part. Riders must learn what a horse wants or feels based on its behavior, and what signals to use to direct horses to perform in desired ways. Jain found some similarities, here, to working with robots. People must learn how to direct robots to do specific tasks. They must also learn what to do when robots don't perform as planned. The goal is to program robots that will respond predictably to input from people. But like horses, autonomous robots should also be able to respond on their own as conditions change. For example, a self-driving car must stop to avoid hitting something, even if some human mistakenly tells it to keep going. Trainers and riders work with horses to build respect. Horses show that respect by matching their pace to a human or giving someone who is leading them a safe degree of personal space. Trainers begin their work with a horse by getting it to show signs of respect in basic interactions, Jain says. Later, trainers will develop more complex interactions. Gradually, a horse's respect can grow into trust. But that trust is not a given. What would it mean for robots and people to respect and trust each other? For now, she adds, this is largely an alien field. But she's looking to build a path. 1.What drew Eakta Jain's attention to horses?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A.Horse-human interdependence.　　 B.The long history of horse training. C.Horses' amazing performance.　　 D.Her horse-riding experience. 2.What are the autonomous robots designed to do? A.Perform tasks in a desired way.　　 B.Comfortably interact with humans. C.Follow instructions from humans.　　 D.Make independent and wise decisions. 3.What will Jain's future research most probably focus on? A.Functional limitations of robots.　　 B.Trust between robots and humans. C.The path toward higher robot efficiency.　　 D.Similarities between horses and robots. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Lessons from Random Events of Human-Horse Relationships B.Recipes for Harmonious Human-Animal Interactions C.The Vital Role of Trust in Human-Robot Partnerships D.Horses as the Inspiration for Human-Robot Interactions B (2024吉林通化模拟) The Wandering Earth Ⅱ, a science-fiction movie, has aroused hot debate among galaxy scientists and science-fiction writers, both in China and overseas. Among them, John Gribbin, a UK science writer, speaks highly of rising science education in China and says that that's what makes science fiction prosper. “It is very important in this technological age for people to understand the fundamentals of science, and then popular science writing can inform them of the world around them,” he says. “This is a bit like music. Even if you are not a great musician, if you know a little bit, you gain a superior appreciation of great music.” Zhou Binghong, a researcher at the China Academy of Space Technology, holds a similar view. “The more scientific knowledge one gains, the more questions he or she will have about how the world runs. This leaves them wanting to know more, especially youngsters.” Both episodes of The Wandering Earth include quite a few imaginary technologies that need basic scientific knowledge to understand. In the latest one, for example, what arouses most fierce discussions among the public is a “space elevator” that enables astronauts to complete their trips to space by taking an elevator instead of a rocket. On various platforms, there are discussions about whether such an elevator is possible. If it were possible, what materials would be used? For Zhou, such discussions themselves mean the public has a taste for science. He says, “Interest marks the first step toward creativity. Who knows who will emerge as an engineer of such an elevator in 50 years' time?” Impressed by the progress of science-related industries in China, Gribbin says that “it is going from strength to strength” and that “China is one of the leading countries for scientific research and technological development, and the Chinese people are naturally interested in the developments.” 5.What leads to the popularity of science fiction according to Paragraph 1? A.The charm of science.　　 B.The attraction of literature. C.The popularity of the film.　　 D.The development of science education. 6.Why does the author mention the music in Paragraph 2? A.To stress music is necessary in science. B.To tell readers why music appreciation is important. C.To show the relationship between music and science. D.To indicate the importance of learning scientific knowledge. 7.Which is the function of the “space elevator” in The Wandering EarthⅡ? A.It helps control the rocket.　　 B.It sends astronauts into space. C.It enables astronauts to walk in space.　　 D.It maintains astronauts' safety in space. 8.Which of the following can be the best title for this text? A.Putting Science into Fiction　　 B.Fiction Gaining in Popularity C.Science Planting Seeds of Hope　　 D.A Leading Country for Scientific Research 答案与分层梯度式解析 Part 1　Reading and Thinking 基础过关练 Ⅰ.1.guilty　考查形容词。 设空处位于系动词was后,作表语,应用形容词,故填guilty。句意:我感觉自己的腰变细了,手臂变强壮了,而且吃一块蛋糕或喝一杯饮料后,我不再感到内疚了。 2.declaration(s)　考查名词(复数)。结合空前的such as及空后的介词of可知此空应填入名词,declare的名词形式为declaration,意为“宣告,声明”,既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词,空前没有表示数量的限定词,所以设空处可用不可数名词或可数名词复数,故填declaration(s)。句意:这一记录使人工生命成为批评的成熟目标,例如宣布该领域的科学价值令人怀疑。 3.from;for　考查介词。句意:他母亲病了,更糟的是,他自己也因经常缺勤而被解雇了。dismiss sb. from his/her post for...意为“因……解雇某人”,此处为其被动语态sb.+be dismissed from his/her post for...。 4.appointment　考查名词。make an appointment with sb.意为“和某人约定”。故填appointment。句意:由于头痛严重,凯特取消了下午的会议,并与医生预约去看病。 5.salaries　考查名词复数。salary 为可数名词,由 were 可知设空处应用复数形式,故填salaries。句意:申请者开始大量涌入教师培训项目,不是因为薪资很高,而是因为尊重让这个职业变得令人向往。 6.to imagine　考查不定式。 此处是“it is+adj.+to do sth.”句型,其中it为形式主语,不定式短语是真正的主语。故填to imagine。句意:鉴于目前的危机,认为复苏会快速且容易是荒谬的。 7.ridiculously　考查副词。“　　　(ridiculous) huge”为形容词短语,修饰后面的名词 crowds,故用副词作状语,故填ridiculously。句意:除了极度的贫穷和到处吹尘土的大风,当地人还不得不生活在极端炎热的气候中,那里人多得离谱。  8.bonuses　考查名词复数。根据句子结构可知,设空处需填名词作主语,根据谓语动词include可知主语为复数形式。bonus在此处意为“额外好处”,为可数名词,其复数形式为bonuses。故填bonuses。句意:这份工作的额外好处包括灵活的工作时间和参加国际会议的机会,这使其对年轻的专业人士极具吸引力。 9.was suspended　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:比赛刚刚开始就下起了倾盆大雨,所以比赛暂停了。本句为so连接的并列复合句,后面的分句中the match为主语,所以设空处为谓语,根据语境可知这里讲的是过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,且the match与suspend之间为被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态,the match为单数意义,故填was suspended。the heavens opened意为“下起了倾盆大雨”。 10.was;go　考查suggest后宾语从句的谓语动词形式。句意:他脸上的表情表明他不高兴,所以我建议他和我们一起去野营。第一个suggested意为“表明;显示”,后面的宾语从句用陈述语气,从句时态受主句时态的影响,故填was;第二个suggested意为“建议”,后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气,即谓语用“should+动词原形”结构,其中should可以省略,故填go。 易错归因　　本题第二空学生容易受he的影响填goes,或受suggested时态的影响填went。要注意suggest后接宾语从句时,要根据表达的意义首先确定是否使用虚拟语气。 Ⅱ.1.tested out　2.In contrast　3.more like　4.or rather Ⅲ.1.more like;than　2.there stood an old/elderly man 3.were never/not to meet　4.Even though most of our time is spent 能力提升练 Ⅰ.1.the　考查冠词。句意:虽然拉里的妻子克莱尔一开始不喜欢这个主意,但她还是被说服在她的丈夫出差期间让这个机器人陪伴她。“这个主意”在上文(即第一句话)出现了,所以设空处表特指,应使用定冠词the。 2.accompany　考查动词。句意同上。let sb./sth. do sth.意为“让某人/某物做某事”,此处应填动词,所给词company为名词,意为“陪伴”,其动词形式为accompany。故填accompany。 3.expression　考查名词。句意:虽然这个机器人的面部表情从未改变,但他有迷人的低沉的嗓音。从句缺少主语,且设空处被形容词facial修饰,所以填名词expression。 4.gifted　考查形容词。be gifted with...意为“具有……(令人愉快的东西)”。 5.more　考查比较级。句意:克莱尔一看到托尼就感到恐慌,因为他看起来更像是一个人而不是一台机器。根据后面的than判断设空处填比较级形式。more like意为“更像是”。 6.when　考查连词。这里指当她从梯子上摔下来时,他成功地救了她,故用连词when表示“当……的时候”。 7.making　考查动名词。介词by后面接动名词作宾语,表示“通过做某事”。by后面有and连接的三个并列的动名词短语作宾语。 8.were invited　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:他建议她举办一个聚会,期待所有被邀请的客人看到她的房子被彻底改变时都会充满羡慕。根据句意可知此处应该用被动语态,who代替guests在从句中作主语,为复数概念,且此处介绍过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,所以填were invited。 9.completely　考查副词。句意同上。修饰was transformed应该用副词形式。故填completely。 10.to　考查介词。句意:托尼说他非常依恋她,以至于他不愿意离开她。be attached to意为“喜欢……;依恋……”。故填to。 Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了DeepSeek的应用和功能定位。 【高频词汇】　1.be dedicated to...专心致志于…… 2.breakthrough n.突破;重大进展　3.(be)capable of doing...有能力做……　4.potential adj.可能的,潜在的 5.misuse n.误用;滥用　6.input n.输入;投入资源(指时间、知识、思想等);投入 【差距词汇】　1.coherent adj.连贯的,合乎逻辑的,有条理的　2.ethical adj.伦理的;道德的　3.collaborative adj.协作的;合作的　4.retain v.持有,保留 1.an　考查冠词。句意:DeepSeek 是一个于2023年成立的创新型人工智能研究实验室,致力于开发先进的机器学习系统,这些系统能够更自然地理解人类语言。lab为可数名词,此处表示泛指,且innovative是发音以元音音素开头的单词。故填an。 2.which　考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为machine learning systems,指物,设空处在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 3.declared　考查过去分词。句意:他们上个月公布的最新突破涉及一个能够在几秒钟内生成连贯文章的神经网络。句中已有谓语involves,所以设空处应用非谓语动词。 提示词declare与前面的breakthrough之间是被动关系,所以设空处用过去分词。故填declared。 4.has drawn　考查时态和主谓一致。句意:这项每天都应用于教育和内容创作的技术最近引起了广泛关注。设空处为句子的谓语,根据时间状语recently可知,此处应用现在完成时,主语为The technology且与draw为主动关系。故填has drawn。 5.to enable　考查不定式。句意:我们的目标是让用户能够专注于创造力,而不是重复性任务——这对专业人士和学生来说都是一个意外收获。设空处为表语,表示主语goal的具体内容,应用动词不定式。故填to enable。 6.concerns　考查名词复数。句意:然而,关于此类工具可能的误用已经引发了道德方面的担忧。concern在此处意为“担忧”,根据谓语have been raised可知应用其复数形式。故填concerns。 7.closely　考查副词。句意:DeepSeek 的系统充当协作伙伴,被设计用来与人类密切合作,更像是帮手。分析句子可知,设空处修饰动词work,表示“密切合作”,故填副词closely。 知识辨析　　close用作副词,意为“接近,不远地”,强调空间或时间上的接近;closely意为“仔细地,严密地;密切地”,表示抽象概念,与具体时间或空间无关。 8.in　考查介词。句意:例如,在写研究论文的过程中,人工智能可能会推荐相关的原始资料,同时允许作者保留完全的编辑控制权。in the process of为固定短语,意为“在……过程中”。故填in。 9.allowing　考查现在分词。根据语境及空前的while可知,设空处作时间状语,句子主语AI与提示词allow之间是主动关系,故用现在分词作状语。故填allowing。 知识拓展　　现在分词作状语时,根据需要前面可以加上when、while等词,以使意思表达更明确。 10.emphasizes　考查时态和主谓一致。句意:这种方法强调了平衡自动化和人类投入的重要性……。句子为客观评述,应用一般现在时,主语This approach 为第三人称单数且与emphasize为主动关系。故填emphasizes。 Ⅲ. A ◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章以马与驯马师、骑手之间的互动类比机器人与人类的互动,探讨未来人机信任的构建方向。 【高频词汇】　1.on one's own独立地;独自　2.immerse oneself in某人沉浸于　3.interact with与……互动/交流　4.based on...根据……　5.direct v.指示;指导;监督 6.similarity n.类似之处;相似性　7.respond to对……作出回应/反应　8.mistakenly adv.错误地　9.complex adj.复杂的;难懂的　10.largely adv.在很大程度上;主要地 长难句 perform in desired ways.  译文:骑马者必须根据马的行为了解其需求或感受,并学会使用何种信号指导马按被期望的方式行动。 1.C　细节理解题。根据第一段前两句可知,马的故事贯穿人类历史,比如马在雾夜里引导牛仔回家、驮受伤的士兵穿越战区,这些聪明且训练有素的马激发了Eakta Jain对机器人的思考。因此,是马惊人的表现吸引了Eakta Jain的注意。 故选C。 2.D　细节理解题。根据第三段的“The goal is to program robots...respond on their own as conditions change.”可知,自主机器人不仅要对人类输入的信息做出可预测的响应,还要像马一样能根据环境变化自主做出反应,后文举了自动驾驶汽车自主避障的例子。D项“做出独立且明智的决策”体现了“自主”的核心要求。故选D。 3.B　推理判断题。最后一段提到,机器人与人类之间的尊重和信任目前在很大程度上仍是陌生的领域,而Jain正在力求构建路径。这表明她未来的研究重点很可能是“人机信任(Trust between robots and humans)”。故选B。 4.D　主旨大意题。 Para. 1 Jain受马的启发思考如何提升人与机器人的互动 Para. 2 Jain投入一年时间深入马的世界,看驯马课程、与相关人员交流并学习骑马 Para. 3 & Para. 4 用人马互动类比人与机器人的互动 Para. 5 人与机器人的互动目前在很大程度上仍是陌生的领域,正在被探索 根据文章结构可知,D项“马作为人与机器人互动的灵感”能够概括文章主旨。故选D。 B ◎语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕科学教育与科幻小说的关系进行了阐释。 【高频词汇】　1.speak highly of高度赞扬/评价 2.fundamental n.基本原理 adj.基本的;十分重大的 3.episode n.一集,一节　4.emerge v.出现;露出 5.leading adj.领先的;一流的 5.D　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“其中,英国科学作家约翰·格里宾高度评价了中国不断发展的科学教育,并表示那是使科幻小说繁荣的原因。”可知,科学教育的发展是科幻小说受欢迎的原因。故选D。 6.D　推理判断题。第二段第一句提到了解科学的基本原理非常重要。后面接着提到了这有点像音乐,阐述了懂一点音乐对于音乐欣赏的作用。由此可推知,第二段是以对音乐的欣赏为例说明学习科学知识的重要性。故选D。 7.B　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“例如,在最近的一部中,引起公众最多的激烈讨论的是‘太空电梯’,它使航天员乘坐电梯而不是火箭完成他们的太空之旅。”可知,太空电梯的功能是送航天员去太空。故选B。 8.A　主旨大意题。文章第一段最后一句“其中,英国科学作家约翰·格里宾高度评价了中国不断发展的科学教育,并表示那是使科幻小说繁荣的原因。”点出了科学教育与科幻小说繁荣之间的关系,后面几段具体论证了这种关系。由此可知,A项“把科学融入小说”适合作为本文最佳标题。故选A。 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $