UNIT 12 LESSON 2 AHA MOMENT（同步练习）-【学而思·PPT课件分层练习】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版）

Part 3　LESSON 2 AHA MOMENT 基础过关练 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.(2024浙江1月)As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 　　　　(百万) per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project.   2.We are now more positive about the 　　　　(结果) of the talks.  3.Teachers think highly of Alice because of her 　　　　(持续不断的) effort.   4.He complained that his boss was 　　　　(不懂的) about the business.  5.I have never met a more 　　　　(谦虚的), more genuine guy in my life than Tariq.  6.The foundation would like to　　　　(发起) programs for providing assistance for poor areas in Africa.  Ⅱ.选词填空(其中有一项多余) by coincidence; all of a sudden; work on; lead to; bury oneself in; be involved in 1.　　　　　　, a warm feeling of sympathy rose in my heart.  2.After losing contact for twenty years, they met again 　　　　　　 at a party.  3.　　　　　　 his homework, Tom didn't notice that I came into the classroom.  4.We all need to 　　　　　　 saving energy whether at work, at home, or at school.  5.Susan decided to 　　　　　　 the program at home because she didn't want her boss to know what she was doing.  Ⅲ.单句语法填空 1.　　　　　(subsequent), she'd be given more work and greater responsibilities.  2.The way the guests were treated in the hotel influenced their 　　　　　(evaluate) of the service.  3.A pedestrian (行人) suddenly emerged 　　　　　 the crossing, which frightened the driver into braking sharply.  4.I can introduce traditional Chinese painting to our distinguished guests 　　　　　(efficient) while offering them constructive guidance.  5.(2025广东联考月考)Finally, if you have a working device that you're no longer using, consider donating it 　　　　　 a school or charity.  6.Doctors were 　　　　　 the scene soon after the traffic accident, helping the injured passengers.  Ⅳ.完成句子 1.(2023全国乙)一旦我们找到了这个地方,在有限的时间内调试好灯光和摄像机是很有压力的。 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time.  2.(2021北京)音乐长久地被认为是许多人的一种愉快的消遣。(be+过去分词+动词不定式) Music has long 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 an enjoyable pastime for many people.  3.“幸运的是,妈妈给了我6美元。否则我就得一路步行去学校了。”他想。 “Luckily, Mom gave me $6. Otherwise 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 all the way to school,” he thought.(读后续写—心理描写)   4.The actual chip is no bigger than a postage stamp. (句型转换) →The actual chip is 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 a postage stamp.  能力提升练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 (2025浙江省R6联盟阶段性联考) In a pioneering achievement, scientists have successfully transformed light into a “supersolid”, a state of matter that exhibits characteristics of both solids and liquids in the meantime. This remarkable discovery, published in the journal Science, paves the way for novel advancements in condensed-matter(凝聚物质的) physics. A supersolid is a unique state of matter governed by the principles of quantum mechanics. In this state, particles form an organized crystal structure like a solid, yet they can move freely and fluidly like a liquid without stickiness. The lack of stickiness means that supersolids can quickly “pipe themselves out of any container”. Ordinary solids are typically static and do not move on their own. However, supersolids possess the ability to change direction and density based on particle interactions while still keeping an orderly network structure. The formation of supersolids requires extremely low temperatures, usually close to absolute zero(minus 459.67 degrees Fahrenheit or minus 273.15 degrees Celsius). While supersolids have been previously created from atomic gases, the recent research employed a novel mechanism involving “polariton(极化子)” systems. Polaritons are multiple particles formed by the strong coupling of light and quasiparticles(准粒子) through electromagnetic interactions. These polaritons can condense into the lowest possible energy state, similar to certain atomic gases. Namely, light is combined with matter, and together, they can be condensed into a supersolid. The study of supersolids is crucial because it allows us to observe the effects of tiny interactions between particles without the interference of temperature. By examining the behavior and characteristics of supersolids, we gain insights into the fundamental ways in which atoms and particles are organized. This knowledge helps us understand the world at a basic level. With further research and development, supersolids hold great potential for various applications. They could be used in quantum computing, superconductors, frictionless oils, and potentially many other applications that we have yet to imagine. The creation of a supersolid from light represents a significant leap forward in this field. 1.What is a supersolid according to the passage? A.A state of matter that exists only at extremely high temperatures. B.A state of matter that is both solid and liquid at the same time. C.A state of matter that is completely solid without liquid properties. D.A state of matter that is completely liquid without solid properties. 2.What is one of the unique characteristics of supersolids compared to ordinary solids? A.Supersolids can move on their own. B.Supersolids are always in a liquid state. C.Supersolids require high temperatures to form. D.Supersolids cannot change direction or density. 3.What is the role of polaritons in creating the supersolids in paragraph 4? A.Polaritons provide the necessary heat to form the supersolid. B.Polaritons allow light to be condensed into a supersolid state. C.Polaritons are used to create a stronger electromagnetic field. D.Polaritons are used to increase the stickiness of the supersolid. 4.What is the passage mainly about? A.The importance of further research into supersolids. B.The process of transforming light into a supersolid. C.The features and potential applications of supersolids. D.The history and potential value of supersolid research. Ⅱ.七选五 　　A scientist is a person who explores and examines aspects of a certain field to better understand how they function. The process of exploration follows a strict set of rules known as the scientific method. 　1　  The primary duty of a scientist in any field is to do research. 　2　 A scientist who specializes in microbiology could study germs, while a scientist who studies the atmosphere could research the pattern of the wind.  Apart from devoting themselves to the research, a scientist can also work for employers. 　3　 Besides, universities and some governmental organizations also require scientists to teach and research. Some scientists are able to get research funds independently or participate in a funded scientific project and spend their time working toward a clear goal.  　4　 This usually means getting a PhD in the chosen field. In many cases, it also means finding work opportunities during school. They can provide the person with practical experience. Many scientists regularly publish their findings or notes of their work.  Some scientists, such as a doctor, might require official certificates(证书). 　5　 The requirements and duties of scientists are as broad and various as the areas which they study.  A.Being a scientist requires a very good education. B.In different fields, their research can be different. C.Others might only need membership in an association. D.A scientist may make use of the results of others' research. E.The purpose of science is to produce useful models of reality. F.There are large companies that hire scientists to help with their products. G.The method ensures that new discoveries are factual and not just theories. 1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　  Ⅲ.完形填空 (2024河北石家庄期中) Sarkar is a nanotechnologist (纳米技术专家) and assistant professor at MIT. She is conducting her research on brain diseases that 　1　 the minds of millions of people worldwide.  Born in Kolkata, India, Sarkar credits both of her parents as early 　2　. Her courage as a researcher comes from her 　3　, who as a young woman went against the social norm (常态) in her village by 　4　 to fund her own education. Meanwhile, Sarkar's father 　5　 her interest in engineering. Sarkar recalls her father finding time for his 　6　. He would fashion devices to make home life more 　7　, including an electricity-free washing machine. “That got me very 　8　 in science and technology,” Sarkar says.  After 　9　 a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Dhanbad, Sarkar 　10　 California to study nanoelectronics. There, she tested new ways to 　11　 nanodevices that could reduce the amount of 　12　 consumed by computers and other everyday electronics. 　13　, she made a breakthrough by developing an outstanding nanodevice.  Along the way, Sarkar became fascinated by the 　14　, which she calls “the lowest energy computer”. She hopes to put nanodevices between human neurons (神经细胞) to improve the computing speed of the processor in our brains. “Our brains are 　15　, but we could be better than what we are,” she says.  1.A.enrich　　　B.read C.affect　　　D.poison 2.A.birds　　　B.researchers C.failures　　　D.inspirations 3.A.aunt　　　B.mother C.sister　　　D.grandmother 4.A.working　　　B.pretending C.refusing　　　D.waiting 5.A.protected　　　B.switched C.stimulated　　　D.supported 6.A.job　　　B.holiday C.discomfort　　　D.passion 7.A.complex　　　B.convenient C.peaceful　　　D.meaningful 8.A.interested　　　B.honest C.lucky　　　D.disappointed 9.A.starting　　　B.earning C.needing　　　D.introducing 10.A.adapted to　　　B.related to C.headed to　　　D.belonged to 11.A.create　　　B.fix C.operate　　　D.sell 12.A.water　　　B.money C.power　　　D.time 13.A.Unfortunately　　　B.Immediately C.Obviously　　　D.Eventually 14.A.computer　　　B.brain C.exercise　　　D.fashion 15.A.empty　　　B.busy C.relaxed　　　D.remarkable 答案与分层梯度式解析 Part 3　LESSON 2 AHA MOMENT 基础过关练 Ⅰ.1.million　2.outcome　3.constant　4.clueless　5.humble　6.launch Ⅱ.1.All of a sudden　2.by coincidence　3.Burying himself in　4.be involved in　5.work on Ⅲ.1.Subsequently　考查副词。空格处位于句首,有逗号与后面的内容隔开,且提示词为形容词,故判断此处应用副词作状语,修饰整个句子。故填Subsequently。句意:随后,她将被赋予更多的工作和更大的责任。 2.evaluation　考查名词。空格处前有形容词性物主代词their修饰,空格处应用名词。故填evaluation。句意:客人在酒店受到的对待方式影响了他们对服务的评价。 3.from　考查介词。emerge常与介词from搭配,emerge from...意为“从……出现”。故填from。句意:一个行人突然从十字路口出现,吓得司机急忙刹车。 4.efficiently　考查副词。句意:我可以向我们的贵宾高效地介绍中国画,同时为他们提供建设性的指导。设空处修饰动词introduce,应用副词作状语,故填efficiently。 5.to　考查介词。句意:最后,如果你拥有一台仍能运转但你不再使用的设备,不妨考虑将其捐赠给学校或慈善机构。donate sth. to...为固定搭配,意为“向……捐赠某物”。故填to。 6.on　考查介词。句意:交通事故发生后不久医生就到了现场,帮助受伤的乘客。介词短语on the scene为固定搭配,意为“在现场”。故填on。 Ⅳ.1.Once we found the place　2.been considered to be 3.I'd have to walk　4.as small as 能力提升练 Ⅰ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了超固体这一独特的物质状态,包括它的定义、特性、形成条件、形成机制,以及研究它的重要性和其在诸多领域的潜在应用等。 【高频词汇】　1.pioneering adj.开创性的,先驱性的　2.principle n.原则;原理;行为准则　3.absolute adj.绝对的　4.crucial adj.至关重要的;关键性的　5.gain insights into...深入了解…… 【熟词生义】　novel 熟义:n.小说　生义:adj.新颖的;与众不同的;珍奇的 【差距词汇】 　1.supersolid n.超固体　2.quantum mechanics量子力学　3.frictionless adj.无摩擦的 1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In a pioneering achievement, scientists have successfully transformed light into a ‘supersolid’, a state of matter that exhibits characteristics of both solids and liquids in the meantime.”可知,超固体是一种同时具备固体和液体特性的物质状态,故选B。 2.A　推理判断题。由第三段中的“Ordinary solids are typically static and do not move on their own. However, supersolids possess the ability to change direction and density based on particle interactions while still keeping an orderly network structure.”可知,普通固体通常静止且不会自行移动,而超固体可基于粒子相互作用自行改变方向和密度,这是超固体相较于普通固体独有的特性,故选A。 3.B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Namely, light is combined with matter, and together, they can be condensed into a supersolid.”以及“‘polariton’ systems”可知,极化子能使光与物质结合并凝聚成超固体状态,故选B。 4.C　主旨大意题。文章介绍了超固体的定义、特性,阐述了其形成条件及形成机制,最后提到其研究的重要性以及在多个领域的潜在应用,整体围绕超固体的特点和潜在应用展开,C项符合文意,故选C。A项侧重强调进一步研究的重要性,过于片面;B项只聚焦转化过程,不全面;D项中的“历史”方面文中未重点体现。 Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了科学家的核心职责、工作形态和准入条件等。 【高频词汇】　1.function v.起作用;正常工作;运转 n.功能　2.specialize v.专门研究(或从事);专攻　3.fund n.资金;基金;专款 vt.资助;为……提供资金 4.opportunity n.机会　5.regularly adv.经常;有规律地　6.requirement n.必要条件 长难句 原句　A scientist who specializes in microbiology could study germs, while a scientist who studies the atmosphere could research the pattern of the wind. 分析　本句为并列复合句。while意为“而,然而”,表示对比,连接两个并列分句;两个分句中的who都引导定语从句,分别修饰先行词A scientist和a scientist。 译文　专门研究微生物学的科学家可以研究细菌,而研究大气的科学家可以研究风的模式。 1.G　细节句。上文提到探索过程中需要遵循科学方法,G项“The method ensures that new discoveries are factual and not just theories.”中的“The method”和上文中的“method”相呼应,因此G项承接上文,符合语境。故选G。 2.B　过渡句。根据上文“The primary duty of a scientist in any field is to do research.”和下文“A scientist who specializes in microbiology could study germs, while a scientist who studies the atmosphere could research the pattern of the wind.”可知,在不同领域的科学家研究的东西不一样;B项“In different fields, their research can be different.”正好说明这一点,承上启下,符合语境。故选B。 3.F　细节句。上文提到科学家可以受雇于他人,F项“There are large companies that hire scientists to help with their products.”中的“hire scientists”和上文中的“work for employers”相呼应,因此F项承接上文,符合语境。故选F。 4.A　主旨句。空格处位于段首,故推测为本段的主旨句。下文“This usually means getting a PhD in the chosen field. In many cases, it also means finding work opportunities during school.”讲了科学家和教育之间的联系,A项“Being a scientist requires a very good education.”说明了成为科学家需要良好的教育,引领下文,符合语境。故选A。 5.C　细节句。上文提到一些科学家可能需要正式证书,C项“Others might only need membership in an association.”中的“Others”和上文中的“Some scientists”相呼应,“need”和“require”相呼应,“membership in an association”和“official certificates”相呼应,因此C项承接上文,符合语境。故选C。 Ⅲ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了纳米技术专家Sarkar的成长经历及其所取得的成就。 【高频词汇】　1.assistant adj.助理的;副的 n.助理　2.professor n.教授　3.recall v.回想起,使想到　4.consume v.消耗　5.breakthrough n.突破 【熟词生义】　1.credit 熟义:n.学分　生义:v.认为……属(某种类或性质)　2.fashion 熟义:n.时尚　生义:v.制作 1.C　根据空前的“brain diseases”并结合选项可知,此处指脑部疾病侵袭全世界数百万人的大脑。enrich使丰富;read阅读;affect侵袭;poison毒害。故选C项 2.D　根据下文“Her courage as a researcher comes from her 　3　, who as a young woman went against the social norm in her village by 　4　 to fund her own education.”以及“Meanwhile, Sarkar's father 　5　 her interest in engineering.”可知,她母亲打破常规为自己提供教育资金,她父亲让她对工程学产生兴趣,由此可推断,此处指她认为父母是早期鼓舞她的人。bird鸟;researcher研究者;failure失败的人;inspiration鼓舞人心的人。故选D。  3.B　根据上文“Born in Kolkata, India, Sarkar credits both of her parents as early 　2　.”和下文“who as a young woman...”可知,此处说的是母亲。aunt姑妈;mother母亲;sister姐,妹;grandmother祖母。故选B。  4.A　根据下文“to fund her own education”可知,母亲要为自己提供教育资金,结合选项可知“力争”符合语境。work力争;pretend假装;refuse拒绝;wait等待。故选A。 5.C　根据上文“Born in Kolkata, India, Sarkar credits both of her parents as early 　2　.”可知,此处指她的父亲激发了她对工程学的兴趣。protect保护;switch改变,转变;stimulate激发;support支持。故选C。  6.D　此处是Sarkar回忆父亲是如何让她对工程学产生兴趣的,根据空后的“fashion devices to make home life more 　7　, including an electricity-free washing machine”并结合选项可知“酷爱”符合语境。job工作;holiday假期;discomfort不适;passion酷爱。故选D。  7.B　根据下文“including an electricity-free washing machine”可知,父亲制作了很多设备,包括一台免电洗衣机,由此可推断,此处指制作的这些设备能使家庭生活更方便。complex复杂的;convenient方便的;peaceful平静的;meaningful有意义的。故选B。 8.A　根据上文“Meanwhile, Sarkar's father 　5　 her interest in engineering.”可知,此处指Sarkar回忆父亲是如何让她对工程学感兴趣的。interested感兴趣的;honest诚实的;lucky幸运的;disappointed失望的。故选A。  9.B　根据下文“Sarkar 　10　 California to study nanoelectronics”可知,Sarkar去加州学习纳米电子学,由此可推断,此处指Sarkar从印度理工学院获得电气工程学士学位后。start开始;earn获得;need需要;introduce介绍。故选B。  10.C　根据上文“After 　9　 a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Dhanbad”和下文“California to study nanoelectronics”可知,Sarkar在印度理工学院获得电气工程学士学位后去了加州学习纳米电子学,所以此处应为“前往”。adapt to适应;relate to与……相关;head to朝……前进;belong to属于。故选C。  11.A　根据上文“There, she tested new ways”可知,Sarkar在加州测试新方法,由此可推断,此处应为“制造”纳米设备。create创造;fix修理;operate操作;sell售卖。故选A。 12.C　根据下文“consumed by computers and other everyday electronics”可知,电脑和其他的日常电子产品应该是耗电的,所以此处指制造出可以减少计算机和其他日常电子产品消耗的“电”量的纳米设备。water水;money金钱;power电;time时间。故选C。 13.D　根据语境及下文“she made a breakthrough by developing an outstanding nanodevice”可知,她研发出了一种出色的纳米器件,取得了突破,此处应是经过不懈努力后,“最终”取得了突破。unfortunately不幸地;immediately立刻;obviously显而易见地;eventually最终。故选D。 14.B　根据下文“She hopes to put nanodevices between human neurons to improve the computing speed of the processor in our brains.”可知,她希望把纳米装置放在人类神经元之间,以提高我们大脑处理器的计算速度,根据空后的“which she calls ‘the lowest energy computer'”可知,被她称为“最低能耗的计算机”应该是大脑,所以此处指她开始对“大脑”感兴趣。computer电脑;brain大脑;exercise练习;fashion时尚。故选B。 15.D　根据下文“but we could be better than what we are”可知,我们的大脑是“非凡的”,我们可以比我们现在更好。empty空的;busy忙的;relaxed放松的;remarkable非凡的。故选D。 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $