课时作业02 Unit 2 Grammar and usage（译林版2020高一必修三）2025-2026学年度课堂复习帮

课时作业02 Grammar and usage (Unit 2 Natural disasters ) 01 基础练 02 提升练 03 培优练 _ 单词拼写 1． He and his ________ (全体工作人员) began throwing furniture out of the window. 2． Everyone was in s_________ (震惊), thinking the world must be coming to an end. 3．My phone’s p________ is running dangerously low and I have to charge it immediately! 4．The local government has set up a special f__________ (基金) to support the development of rural education. 5．We need to check the ________ (供应) of drinking water before we start the hiking trip. 6．The activity will take place in the c________ (会议) hall of our school library at 7:00 pm next Friday. 7．He s________ on the wet floor, his feet shooting forward before he managed to grab the railing. 8. I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to d_______ less-used things, and it worked.  9. His threats __________ (惊吓) them out of carrying out the plan. 10. He donated thousands of pounds to ___________ (慈善机构). 【答案】1. staff 2. shock 3. power 4. fund 5. supply 6. conference 7. slid 8. donate 9. scared 10. charity 选词填空 come to exist  profit from  in contrast to  run out  (be) made up of  bring up under threat  at a glance  in favor of  run out of  reach out  bring out 1．With time , we had to make an instant decision. 2．I recognized my childhood friend in the crowd , even though we hadn’t met for years. 3．Because of deforestation, many rare animals losing habitats are now . 4． the best in every student, teachers design various activities for them to show their strengths. 5．The three leading food delivery platforms the price wars before the market policies came into effect, earning great consumer attention and brand popularity. 6．Andy for his textbook on the shelf when he accidentally knocked over the ink bottle. 7．A healthy lifestyle, a balanced diet, regular exercise and sufficient sleep, plays an important role in maintaining our physical health. 8．From my point of view, printed books offer readers the quiet feel of paper, e-books that can be easily interrupted by phone messages. 9．How this ancient custom when our ancestors first settled down in the valley remains a mystery. 10．People voiced their opinions transforming the old industrial zone into a new ecological park, aiming to improve the city’s environmental quality. 【答案】1．running out 2．at a glance 3．under threat 4．To bring out 5．had profited from/profited from 6．was reaching out 7．made up of 8．in contrast to 9．came to exist 10．in favor of 完成句子 1．The research team plans further testing to _______  _______ ______________ (排除潜在风险), especially for people with health conditions like allergies.   2．We spent half an hour waiting for the bus and now we have to move fast ________ (弥补，补偿) the lost time. 3．I only need a few words to _________ (消除距离) between us. 4．A committee was established to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and ________ ________ ________ (防止……损失) of cultural relics. 5．Experts say that couples ________ (主动分担家务 share) tend to have stronger relationships and lower stress levels. 6．Some animals have a remarkable ability to ________ ________ (适应) changing environment. 7．Many companies ________________ (遭受了有技能的员工的短缺) due to the COVID-19 since 2019. 8．My mom hugged me and told me that there are always right ways ________________ (去得到我想要的东西). 9．______ (为了庆祝他们的友谊), they planned a surprise party for each other. 10．________ (配备, 使有能力) its medical students with hands-on surgical experience, the university built a state-of-the-art laboratory. 【答案】1. rule out potential risks 2. to make up for 3. bridge the gap 4. prevent the loss 5. who take the initiative to share housework 6. adapt/ adjust to 7. have suffered from a shortage of skilled staff 8. to get what I want 9. To celebrate their friendship 10. To equip 单句语法填空 Ⅰ词汇 1．Everyone (shock) by the news of his victory, the whole school celebrated wildly. 【答案】shocked 【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意：每个人都对他获胜的消息感到震惊，全校都疯狂地庆祝。逗号后是主句，逗号前是独立主格结构作状语，Everyone和shock之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词表被动。故填shocked。 2．When the people present at the meeting heard the noise, they were nearly (scare) to death. 【答案】scared 【详解】考查形容词。句意：出席会议的人听到那声音，都吓得要命。空处应填形容词作表语，be scared to death“吓得要死”，故填scared。 3．Nature is very (power) so we’d better respect it. 【答案】powerful 【详解】考查形容词。句意：大自然的力量非常强大，所以我们应当对其予以尊重。作表语，用形容词powerful。故填powerful。 4．The company supplies fine products its customers. 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：这家公司向客户提供优良的产品。supply sth to sb“向某人提供某物”，故填to。 5．What happens when food and medical (supply) run low? 【答案】supplies 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：当食物和医疗物资供应不足时会发生什么？空处需用名词与food并列，作when引导的时间状语从句的主语；supply表示“物资，供应品”时，是可数名词，此处表示泛指，需用其复数形式supplies。故填supplies。 6．Citizens are encouraged to old clothes to help families in need, and every makes a difference. (donate) 【答案】 donate donation 【详解】考查动词和名词。句意：市民们被鼓励捐赠旧衣物以帮助有需要的家庭，每一笔捐赠都意义非凡。encourage somebody to do something“鼓励某人做某事”是固定搭配，所以第一个空格处应该用动词原形donate。根据第二个空格前的every和空格后的makes可知，第二个空格处应该用单数名词donation，作主语。故填①donate；②donation。 Ⅱ语法(动词不定形式作定语和结果状语) 1．Jane sang so well as (come) out first in the singing competition. 【答案】to come 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：Jane 唱得如此好，以至于在歌唱比赛中得了第一名。句型so… as to do…表示“如此……以至于……”。故填to come。 2．She expressed her wish (speak) to the manager. 【答案】to speak 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她表达了想和经理谈话的愿望。名词wish后常接不定式作后置定语。故填to speak。 3．Wendy is always the first one (arrive) at school. 【答案】to arrive 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：温迪总是第一个到学校的人。此处one由序数词修饰，后跟不定式作后置定语。故填to arrive。 4．They set out (explore) the jungle, where they will recognize the worth of the mysterious natural world.【答案】to explore 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们出发去探索丛林，在那里他们将认识到神秘的自然世界的价值。“set out to do sth.”是固定短语，意为“出发去做某事，着手做某事”，空处应用动词不定式形式to explore。故填to explore。 5．Wendy is always the first one (arrive) at school. 【答案】to arrive 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Wendy总是第一个到校。one前面有序数词first修饰，此处应用动词不定式作后置定语，故填to arrive。 6．The captain can always find a way (encourage) his team members. 【答案】to encourage 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：队长总能找到办法鼓励队员。此处为固定短语a way to do sth. 意为“做某事的方法”，其中不定式作后置定语修饰名词way。故填to encourage。 7．I called the hotel in advance (confirm) my reservation and the pick-up service for my upcoming trip. 【答案】to confirm 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我提前给酒店打了电话，以确认我的预订情况以及我即将出行时的接送服务事宜。此处confirm作目的状语，用不定式。故填to confirm。 8．Paper cuttings are also used at weddings and other celebrations (express) good wishes. 【答案】to express 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：剪纸也会用于婚礼及其他庆典活动，以此传递美好祝愿。本句已有谓语are used，且空处没有连词，所以空处为非谓语动词，此处表示目的，需用express“表达”的不定式形式，作目的状语。故填to express。 9．The spokesperson expects the bridge (become) a sightseeing spot and attract more than a million visitors a year. 【答案】to become/will become 【详解】考查宾语从句/非谓语动词。句意：这位发言人预计这座桥将会成为一个观光景点，每年吸引超过一百万名游客前来参观。expect sb/sth to do sth为固定短语，表示“预计某人/某物做某事”，所以空处可用动词不定式形式；或者空处可作为expects之后省略that引导的宾语从句的谓语，从句描述将来的动作，使用一般将来时，即will become。故填to become/will become。 10．Artisans use different techniques, such as twisting, coiling, and tying (create) unique shapes. 【答案】to create 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：工匠们运用不同的技法，比如捻接、盘绕和捆绑等，来塑造出独特的形状。此处create作目的状语用不定式。故填to create。 句型转换 1．The footballer has a dream. He wants to play for a top team. (Join the sentences using the to-infinitive form.) ______________________________ 【答案】The footballer has a dream to play for a top team. 【详解】考查动词不定式作定语。句意：这位足球运动员有一个梦想，他想为顶级球队效力。分析两个句子可知，前一个句子说的是他有一个梦想，后一个句子说的是梦想的内容，共同部分是“梦想”，可将“他想为顶级球队效力”作为定语修饰“a dream”，用动词不定式“to play for a top team”作后置定语，说明“梦想”的具体内容。故改写为：The footballer has a dream to play for a top team. 2．Whether we can finish the task on time depends on the weather. (改写为简单句或其他句式) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Our ability to finish the task on time depends on the weather. 【详解】考查主语从句。原句句意：我们是否能按时完成任务取决于天气。原句为主从复合句，连接词Whether引导主语从句，表示“我们是否能按时完成任务”，可改为名词短语Our ability to finish the task on time，其中不定式作后置定语，表示“我们按时完成任务的能力”，其他部分不变。故改为：Our ability to finish the task on time depends on the weather. 3．Frank became the first one in this team who was admitted into the national team.  (用不定式改写) Frank became the first one in this team _________ _________ _________ into the national team. 【答案】 to be admitted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：弗兰克成为了这支球队中第一个进入国家队的球员。admit和one是被动关系，且one前有序数词修饰，应用动词不定式的被动式作后置定语，故填①to②be③adimtted。 4．The next train which is going to arrive is Shanghai-bound. (同义句转换) →___________________________________________________________ 【答案】The next train to arrive is Shanghai-bound. 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：下一班到达的列车是开往上海的。原句使用的是which引导的定语从句修饰先行词the next train，同时句子使用的是一般将来时。此处可以将定语从句替换为不定式结构，表示即将发生的事作后置定语。故答案为The next train to arrive is Shanghai-bound. 5．In 2012, Liu Yang became China’s first female astronaut who travelled into space. (用不定式改写) In 2012, Liu Yang became China’s first female astronaut ___________ ___________ ___________ __________ 【答案】 to travel into space 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：2012年，刘洋成为中国第一位进入太空的女航天员。分析句子结构可知，原句为定语从句，改写后的句子中，名词前有序数词时，应该替换为不定式形式作定语，定语从句中的动作为travel into space，转换为不定式应为to travel into space。故填①to②travel③into④space。 6．We arrived at the stadium. We found that the game had been cancelled. (Join the sentences using the to-infinitive form.) ______________________________ 【答案】We arrived at the stadium only to find that the game had been cancelled. 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们赶到体育场却发现比赛已经取消了。要求用“to + 动词原形”的形式将这些句子连接起来，此处可用only to do sth.，不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。故改为We arrived at the stadium only to find that the game had been cancelled. 7．The ball is small enough. It fits into most sports bags. (Join the sentences using the to-infinitive form.) ______________________________ 【答案】The ball is small enough to fit into most sports bags. 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个球小得足以放进大多数运动包里。此处要求将这些句子用“to+动词原形”的形式合并句子，可用be enough to do sth.短语，不定式作结果状语，故答案为The ball is small enough to fit into most sports bags. 8．The rules of the game are so simple. They make the game easy to play. (Join the sentences using the to-infinitive form.) ______________________________ 【答案】The rules of the game are simple enough to make the game easy to play. 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个游戏的规则非常简单。它们使得这个游戏很容易玩。第二个句子描述的是第一个句子中“规则简单”所带来的结果或效果。合并句子时，需要表达出这种因果关系。可以使用enough to结构，它表示“足够……以至于……”。将so simple替换为simple enough，并加上不定式to make，作结果状语。故答案为The rules of the game are simple enough to make the game easy to play. 9．She spent hours preparing her presentation, and then she found that the projector in the meeting room didn’t work. (用非谓语动词改写句子) ____________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】She spent hours preparing her presentation, only to find that the projector in the meeting room didn’t work.【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她花了好几个小时精心准备她的演示文稿，结果却发现会议室里的投影仪无法正常工作。此处用不定式作结果状语，表示一种始料未及的结果，常译为“结果却只……”用only to do sth.，故改为She spent hours preparing her presentation, only to find that the projector in the meeting room didn’t work. 10．He hurried to the station, but was told the train had left. (改为被动语态) →He hurried to the station, only __________. 【答案】to be told the train had left 【详解】考查不定式的被动语态。句意：他匆匆去了车站，但被告知火车已经离开了。only to do sth.，表示出乎意料的结果，是不定式作状语，tell(告诉)和主语he之间是被动关系，应用不定式的被动语态，故填to be told the train had left。 结合中文提示用不定式作定语和结果状语补全句子 　As we all know, natural disasters happen every year. They are destructive, which cause many deaths and injuries. After a terrible disaster, people return their home only 1. (发现一切被破坏了).People should learn 2. (保护自己的一些方法) to increase chances 3. (存活) in disasters. When a disaster occurs, the first thing 4. (要做)is to keep your head. Otherwise, you may be too scared to 5.__________ (采取适当的措施) to escape. With more knowledge of disasters, people 6. (有能力应对) emergency properly.  【答案】1. to find everything destroyed 2. some ways to protect themselves 3. to survive 4. to do 5. take proper steps 6. have the ability to deal with 阅读理解 A （2025-2026学年内蒙古杭锦后旗奋斗中学高一下学期开学测试英语试题） Local government and firefighters in the United States are always managing to look for new and creative methods to help keep wildfires under control. Especially during the hot and dry summer months, thousands of wildfires spread through forests every year. The city of West Sacramento in North California has found a creative secret weapon (秘密武器) to help address this problem. The secret weapon, believe it or not, is goats (山羊)! In their wake, the dangerous fires cause loss of life, and cause damage to land and neighboring communities. By thinking out of the box, the decision to use goats for fire prevention has proven (证明) to be a success. These friendly animals have been helping the city with wildfire prevention by eating the dry grass and dead trees. When the goats eat the things that are likely to catch fire, they stop the problem before it grows! Wildfires can happen naturally, when dry plants catch fire because of the sun’s heat. However, most wildfires are caused by human carelessness. The best way to fight the fires and lessen the damage is to try to clear away the things that encourage the fire’s spread, in this case the dry grass, trees and plants. If the things that are most likely to catch fire are gone, the fire is less likely to spread. This is a very environmentally friendly solution on many levels, and super effective as well. The loveable goats are able to reach difficult areas that grass cutters would not be able to reach. Firefighters and government officials could not be happier with the results. West Sacramento public information officer, Paul Hosely, said that about 400 of these goats can clear an area of about two acres per day. They even fertilize (使肥沃) the area, a natural and free side effect of eating all those dry plants. Although this effort is costly, it has paid off. A few weeks ago, a fire near the Oakland Zoo spread quickly. Fire breaks made by the goats helped stop it from growing and spreading, and kept the people in the area and their properties (财产) safe. 1．What does the underlined part “this problem” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．The shortage of firefighters in the U. S. B．Loss of life caused by extreme weather. C．The growth of wildfires across wooded areas. D．Damage to land caused by some wild animals. 2．How do goats help West Sacramento? A．By fertilizing gardens. B．By creating fire breaks. C．By warning of possible danger. D．By controlling overgrown grass. 3．How does the author show the solution’s effectiveness in paragraph5? A．By using experts’ words. B．By providing examples. C．By showing differences. D．By describing a process. 4．The author used the event near the Oakland Zoo to show _________. A．the side effect of the mentioned solution B．the popularity of the mentioned solution C．the high cost of the mentioned solution D．the success of the mentioned solution 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。说明了美国加州西萨克拉门托市用山羊吃掉易燃的干草枯木，形成防火带，环保高效，成功阻止野火蔓延，是预防野火的创新方法。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Especially during the hot and dry summer months, thousands of wildfires spread through forests every year.(尤其是在炎热干燥的夏季，每年都有成千上万的森林火灾在森林中蔓延开来)”可知，第一段讲美国每年夏天都有大量野火在森林蔓延，西萨克拉门托市找到秘密武器（山羊）来解决this problem，指代的就是森林地区野火频发、扩散的问题。故划线词指的是“林区范围内野火的蔓延情况”。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“These friendly animals have been helping the city with wildfire prevention by eating the dry grass and dead trees.(这些友好的动物通过吞食干燥的草和枯树，为这座城市提供了防火方面的帮助)”可知，山羊通过开辟防火隔离带为西萨克拉门托市做出贡献。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“West Sacramento public information officer, Paul Hosely, said that about 400 of these goats can clear an area of about two acres per day.(西萨克拉门托市的公共信息官员保罗·霍塞利表示，这些山羊每天大约能清理两英亩左右的区域)”可知，作者通过引用专家的话展示该解决方案的有效性。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Although this effort is costly, it has paid off. A few weeks ago, a fire near the Oakland Zoo spread quickly. Fire breaks made by the goats helped stop it from growing and spreading, and kept the people in the area and their properties (财产) safe.(尽管这项举措成本高昂，但最终还是取得了成效。几周前，奥克兰动物园附近发生了一场大火，火势迅速蔓延。而这些由山羊搭建的防火屏障帮助阻止了火势的扩大和蔓延，使该区域的居民及其财产得以安全)”可知，作者以奥克兰动物园附近发生的这一事件为例，来展示所提及解决方案的成效。故选D。 B （2025-2026学年湖南长沙市珺琟高级中学上学期期末考试高二年级英语学科试题） A tsunami is a series of large ocean waves caused by underwater earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or landslides. Unlike normal ocean waves, which are driven by wind, tsunamis are powered by the movement of the Earth’s crust. These waves can travel across entire oceans at speeds of up to 800 kilometers per hour — faster than a jet plane. In deep water, tsunamis are usually less than one meter high, making them almost impossible to detect. However, as they approach shallow coastal areas, they slow down and grow in height, sometimes reaching 30 meters or more. The word “tsunami” comes from the Japanese words “tsu” (harbor) and “nami” (wave). Japan has a long history of tsunamis and is one of the most tsunami-prone countries in the world. The 2011 Tohoku tsunami, caused by a 9.0-magnitude earthquake off the coast of Japan, was one of the deadliest tsunamis in history. It killed more than 15,000 people, destroyed thousands of buildings, and triggered a nuclear disaster at the Fukushima Daiichi power plant. Tsunamis are difficult to predict, but scientists have developed early warning systems to help reduce their impact. These systems use seismometers to detect underwater earthquakes and ocean buoys to measure changes in sea level. When a tsunami is detected, warnings are sent to coastal communities, giving people time to evacuate to higher ground. However, these systems are not perfect. In some cases, tsunamis can arrive within minutes, leaving little time for warnings to be issued and people to escape. There are also steps that individuals can take to stay safe during a tsunami. First, learn the warning signs: a sudden rise or fall in sea level, a loud roar from the ocean, or the sudden appearance of a large area of exposed seabed. Second, have an emergency plan: know the nearest high ground and the best route to get there. Third, if you are told to evacuate, do so immediately. Do not wait to see the tsunami, and do not go to the coast to watch it. Finally, after a tsunami, be careful of aftershocks, which can cause additional waves, and stay away from damaged buildings and flooded areas. 5．What is the main cause of tsunamis? A．Strong winds over the ocean. B．The movement of the Earth’s crust. C．The rise and fall of sea level. D．Aftershocks of earthquakes. 6．Why are tsunamis hard to detect in deep water? A．They travel at a very low speed. B．They are driven by wind power. C．Their height is usually less than one meter. D．They are hidden by normal ocean waves. 7．What does the underlined word “evacuate” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．To move to a safe place. B．To stay in the original place. C．To build a strong shelter. D．To collect emergency supplies. 8．Which of the following is a warning sign of a tsunami? A．A sudden decrease in wind speed. B．A loud noise from the sky. C．A sudden rise in sea level. D．A heavy rain that lasts for days. 【答案】5．B 6．C 7．A 8．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海啸的成因、特点、相关历史事件，以及海啸的预警系统和个人避险措施。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A tsunami is a series of large ocean waves caused by underwater earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or landslides. Unlike normal ocean waves, which are driven by wind, tsunamis are powered by the movement of the Earth’s crust.(海啸是由水下地震、火山爆发或山体滑坡引起的一系列大型海浪。与由风驱动的普通海浪不同，海啸是由地壳运动提供动力的)”可知，海啸的主要动力来源是地壳运动，其成因（地震、火山爆发等）本质也是地壳运动相关，因此海啸的主要成因是地壳运动。故选B项。 6．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In deep water, tsunamis are usually less than one meter high, making them almost impossible to detect.(在深水中，海啸的高度通常不到一米，这使得它们几乎无法被探测到)”可知，海啸在深水中难以被探测到的原因是其高度通常不到一米，不易被发现。故选C项。 7．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“When a tsunami is detected, warnings are sent to coastal communities, giving people time to evacuate to higher ground.(当检测到海啸时，警报会发送到沿海社区，让人们有时间evacuate到高地)”可知，海啸来临时，人们需要前往高地躲避危险，由此猜测evacuate意为“撤离、转移到安全地带”，与To move to a safe place意思相近。故选A项。 8．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“First, learn the warning signs: a sudden rise or fall in sea level, a loud roar from the ocean, or the sudden appearance of a large area of exposed seabed.(首先，了解预警信号：海平面的突然上升或下降、来自海洋的巨大咆哮，或大面积裸露海床的突然出现)”可知，海平面的突然上升是海啸的预警信号之一。故选C项。 七选五 （2025-2026学年河南洛阳市第一学期期末考试高一英语试题） How to Survive a Disaster Disasters can strike at any moment. If you learn the right survival skills and stay calm, you can make a big difference between life and death. Survival requires calmness, quick thinking, careful preparation and following basic safety rules. 1 Preparation is the first step toward survival. First, know all the emergency exits and safe places around you. Then, prepare an emergency kit (急救箱) consisting of necessary things like bottled water, canned food, a flashlight with extra batteries, a basic first-aid kit, a whistle (哨子) to call for help and a phone charger. 2 Remember to replace old food and water and add useful things based on your needs. 3 Fear is your biggest enemy in a disaster. It can make you lose your judgment and do dangerous things. If you are trapped, use a whistle or flashlight to signal for help instead of shouting loudly, which will only waste your energy and make you feel more tired. After the disaster ends and everything seems quiet, don’t rush back to damaged buildings right away. 4 Go to a safe place that the government sets up and wait for their instructions instead. Listen to the radio or TV for updates on safety and rescue work, and wait until it’s announced safe to go back home. In short, surviving a disaster depends on good preparation, calmness when danger comes and following safety rules strictly. By getting well-prepared and knowing what to do, you can protect yourself and your loved ones. 5 After all, being ready for the unexpected is the best way. A．There are things you can prepare for your phone. B．Besides, you can help reduce the harm the disaster brings. C．In a disaster, staying calm is the most important thing of all. D．These can greatly help you get through a disaster without harm. E．Keep it in an easy-to-reach place and update it every six months. F．If an earthquake hits, drop to the ground at once and hide under a strong table. G．They may still fall suddenly or have hidden dangers, which can cause more accidents. 【答案】1．D 2．E 3．C 4．G 5．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍灾难生存方法：提前准备应急物品，灾难中保持冷静、正确求救，灾后不贸然返回危险建筑。做好准备、保持冷静、遵守规则，就能保护自己并减少灾害损失。 1．根据上文“Disasters can strike at any moment. If you learn the right survival skills and stay calm, you can make a big difference between life and death. Survival requires calmness, quick thinking, careful preparation and following basic safety rules.(灾难随时都可能降临。如果你掌握了正确的生存技能并且保持冷静，就能在生死之间产生重大影响。生存需要冷静、敏捷的思维、周全的准备以及遵循基本的安全规则)”可知，前一句提到生存需要冷静、快速反应、准备、遵守规则。D选项“这些能极大帮你平安度过灾难”承接上文总结作用，符合语境，故选D。 2．根据上文“Then, prepare an emergency kit (急救箱) consisting of necessary things like bottled water, canned food, a flashlight with extra batteries, a basic first-aid kit, a whistle (哨子) to call for help and a phone charger.(然后，准备一个应急包，里面应包含诸如瓶装水、罐装食品、带有备用电池的手电筒、基本的急救包、用于呼救的哨子以及手机充电器等必需物品)”可知，前一句讲准备急救箱里的物品。E选项“放在易取处，每6个月更新” 是对急救箱的补充说明，符合语境，故选E。 3．根据后文“Fear is your biggest enemy in a disaster. It can make you lose your judgment and do dangerous things. If you are trapped, use a whistle or flashlight to signal for help instead of shouting loudly, which will only waste your energy and make you feel more tired.(在灾难中，恐惧是你的最大敌人。它会让你失去判断力，做出危险的行为。如果你被困住，应使用哨子或手电筒发出求救信号，而不要大声呼喊，因为那样只会浪费你的体力，让你更加疲惫)”可知，本段核心是恐惧是最大敌人，要冷静、不浪费体力。C选项“灾难中保持冷静最重要”作为段落主题句，符合语境，故选C。 4．根据上文“After the disaster ends and everything seems quiet, don’t rush back to damaged buildings right away.(灾难结束，一切似乎都恢复平静之后，不要急于立刻返回那些受损的建筑物那里)”可知，前一句提到不要立刻回到受损建筑。G选项“它们可能突然倒塌或有隐患，造成更多事故”解释为什么不能回去，符合语境，故选G。 5．根据上文“By getting well-prepared and knowing what to do, you can protect yourself and your loved ones.(做好充分准备并清楚该怎么做，就能保护好自己以及所爱的人)”可知，前一句提到你可以保护自己和家人。B选项“此外，你还能帮助减少灾难带来的伤害” 承接并升华意义，符合语境，故选B。 语法填空 （2025-2026学年福建省龙岩市高一第一学期2月期末英语试题） Strange things happened in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For days, the water in village wells rose and fell repeatedly. Deep cracks appeared on well walls, and at least one well let out some 1 (smell) gas. Mice fled the fields searching for shelters, and fish jumped out of the water. At around 3 a.m. on 28 July 1976, bright lights 2 (see) in the sky outside Tangshan. At 3:42 a.m., the ground started shaking violently. It felt as if the world was coming to 3 end. Eleven kilometres beneath the city, one of the deadliest earthquakes of the 20th century struck, a quake 4 caused damage even 150 kilometres away in Beijing. A massive crack cut through houses, roads and waterways. In a minute, the city 5 (lie) in ruins. Two-thirds of the residents 6 (live) there lost their lives or got injured. Survivors saw nothing but ruins everywhere. Water, food and electricity were 7 (extreme) hard to obtain. Yet hope remained. The army sent 150,000 soldiers 8 (rescue) those trapped and bury the dead. Over 10,000 doctors and nurses offered medical care, and shelters were built for homeless survivors. 9 joint efforts, Tangshan gradually recovered, and it stands as a new city today. Its rebirth shows the 10 (wise) and courage of the Chinese people. 【答案】1．smelly 2．were seen 3．an 4．that/which 5．lay 6．living 7．extremely 8．to rescue 9．With 10．Wisdom 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了1976年唐山大地震前的异常征兆、地震造成的巨大破坏，以及震后救援重建和唐山的重生，展现了中国人民的智慧与勇气。 1．考查形容词。句意：井壁上出现了深深的裂缝，至少有一口井冒出了一些难闻的气体。此处修饰名词gas，应用smell的形容词形式smelly，表示“有臭味的，难闻的”。故填smelly。 2．考查时态和语态。句意：1976年7月28日凌晨3点左右，唐山城外的天空中可以看到明亮的光。主语bright lights与see为被动关系，事情发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词用were。故填were seen。 3．考查冠词。句意：感觉好像世界末日到了。come to an end为固定搭配，意为“结束，终结”，end是以元音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词an。故填an。 4．考查定语从句。句意：在这座城市下方11公里处，发生了20世纪最致命的地震之一，这场地震甚至对150公里外的北京也造成了破坏。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为a quake，指物，从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 5．考查时态。句意：一分钟之内，这座城市变成了一片废墟。空处作谓语，讲述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，lie“处于，位于”的过去式为lay。故填lay。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：住在那里的三分之二的居民失去了生命或受伤。空处作后置定语，修饰名词residents，residents和live之间是主动关系，应用现在分词living作后置定语。故填living。 7．考查副词。句意：水、食物和电力极其难以获得。此处修饰形容词hard，应用extreme的副词形式extremely。故填extremely。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：军队派出15万名士兵救援被困人员并掩埋死者。空处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to rescue。 9．考查介词。句意：在共同努力下，唐山逐渐恢复，如今已是一座崭新的城市。with joint efforts为固定搭配，意为“在共同努力下”。句首单词首字母大写，故填With。 10．考查名词。句意：它的重生展现了中国人民的智慧和勇气。空处和courage并列，作shows的宾语，应用名词wisdom“智慧”，不可数名词。故填wisdom。 ( 1 / 13 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 课时作业02 Grammar and usage (Unit 2 Natural disasters ) 01 基础练 02 提升练 03 培优练 _ 单词拼写 1． He and his ________ (全体工作人员) began throwing furniture out of the window. 2． Everyone was in s_________ (震惊), thinking the world must be coming to an end. 3．My phone’s p________ is running dangerously low and I have to charge it immediately! 4．The local government has set up a special f__________ (基金) to support the development of rural education. 5．We need to check the ________ (供应) of drinking water before we start the hiking trip. 6．The activity will take place in the c________ (会议) hall of our school library at 7:00 pm next Friday. 7．He s________ on the wet floor, his feet shooting forward before he managed to grab the railing. 8. I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to d_______ less-used things, and it worked.  9. His threats __________ (惊吓) them out of carrying out the plan. 10. He donated thousands of pounds to ___________ (慈善机构). 选词填空 come to exist  profit from  in contrast to  run out  (be) made up of  bring up under threat  at a glance  in favor of  run out of  reach out  bring out 1．With time , we had to make an instant decision. 2．I recognized my childhood friend in the crowd , even though we hadn’t met for years. 3．Because of deforestation, many rare animals losing habitats are now . 4． the best in every student, teachers design various activities for them to show their strengths. 5．The three leading food delivery platforms the price wars before the market policies came into effect, earning great consumer attention and brand popularity. 6．Andy for his textbook on the shelf when he accidentally knocked over the ink bottle. 7．A healthy lifestyle, a balanced diet, regular exercise and sufficient sleep, plays an important role in maintaining our physical health. 8．From my point of view, printed books offer readers the quiet feel of paper, e-books that can be easily interrupted by phone messages. 9．How this ancient custom when our ancestors first settled down in the valley remains a mystery. 10．People voiced their opinions transforming the old industrial zone into a new ecological park, aiming to improve the city’s environmental quality. 完成句子 1．The research team plans further testing to _______  _______ ______________ (排除潜在风险), especially for people with health conditions like allergies.   2．We spent half an hour waiting for the bus and now we have to move fast ________ (弥补，补偿) the lost time. 3．I only need a few words to _________ (消除距离) between us. 4．A committee was established to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and ________ ________ ________ (防止……损失) of cultural relics. 5．Experts say that couples ________ (主动分担家务 share) tend to have stronger relationships and lower stress levels. 6．Some animals have a remarkable ability to ________ ________ (适应) changing environment. 7．Many companies ________________ (遭受了有技能的员工的短缺) due to the COVID-19 since 2019. 8．My mom hugged me and told me that there are always right ways ________________ (去得到我想要的东西). 9．______ (为了庆祝他们的友谊), they planned a surprise party for each other. 10．________ (配备, 使有能力) its medical students with hands-on surgical experience, the university built a state-of-the-art laboratory. 单句语法填空 Ⅰ词汇 1．Everyone (shock) by the news of his victory, the whole school celebrated wildly. 2．When the people present at the meeting heard the noise, they were nearly (scare) to death. 3．Nature is very (power) so we’d better respect it. 4．The company supplies fine products its customers. 5．What happens when food and medical (supply) run low? 6．Citizens are encouraged to old clothes to help families in need, and every makes a difference. (donate) Ⅱ语法(动词不定形式作定语和结果状语) 1．Jane sang so well as (come) out first in the singing competition. 2．She expressed her wish (speak) to the manager. 3．Wendy is always the first one (arrive) at school. 4．They set out (explore) the jungle, where they will recognize the worth of the mysterious natural world. 5．Wendy is always the first one (arrive) at school. 6．The captain can always find a way (encourage) his team members. 7．I called the hotel in advance (confirm) my reservation and the pick-up service for my upcoming trip. 8．Paper cuttings are also used at weddings and other celebrations (express) good wishes. 9．The spokesperson expects the bridge (become) a sightseeing spot and attract more than a million visitors a year. 10．Artisans use different techniques, such as twisting, coiling, and tying (create) unique shapes. 句型转换 1．The footballer has a dream. He wants to play for a top team. (Join the sentences using the to-infinitive form.) ______________________________ 2．Whether we can finish the task on time depends on the weather. (改写为简单句或其他句式) ________________________________________________________________ 3．Frank became the first one in this team who was admitted into the national team.  (用不定式改写) Frank became the first one in this team _________ _________ _________ into the national team. 4．The next train which is going to arrive is Shanghai-bound. (同义句转换) →___________________________________________________________ 5．In 2012, Liu Yang became China’s first female astronaut who travelled into space. (用不定式改写) In 2012, Liu Yang became China’s first female astronaut ___________ ___________ ___________ __________ 6．We arrived at the stadium. We found that the game had been cancelled. (Join the sentences using the to-infinitive form.) ______________________________ 7．The ball is small enough. It fits into most sports bags. (Join the sentences using the to-infinitive form.) ______________________________ 8．The rules of the game are so simple. They make the game easy to play. (Join the sentences using the to-infinitive form.) ______________________________ 9．She spent hours preparing her presentation, and then she found that the projector in the meeting room didn’t work. (用非谓语动词改写句子) ____________________________________________________________________________________________10．He hurried to the station, but was told the train had left. (改为被动语态) →He hurried to the station, only __________. 结合中文提示用不定式作定语和结果状语补全句子 As we all know, natural disasters happen every year. They are destructive, which cause many deaths and injuries. After a terrible disaster, people return their home only 1. (发现一切被破坏了).People should learn 2. (保护自己的一些方法) to increase chances 3. (存活) in disasters. When a disaster occurs, the first thing 4. (要做)is to keep your head. Otherwise, you may be too scared to 5.__________ (采取适当的措施) to escape. With more knowledge of disasters, people 6. (有能力应对) emergency properly.  阅读理解 A （2025-2026学年内蒙古杭锦后旗奋斗中学高一下学期开学测试英语试题） Local government and firefighters in the United States are always managing to look for new and creative methods to help keep wildfires under control. Especially during the hot and dry summer months, thousands of wildfires spread through forests every year. The city of West Sacramento in North California has found a creative secret weapon (秘密武器) to help address this problem. The secret weapon, believe it or not, is goats (山羊)! In their wake, the dangerous fires cause loss of life, and cause damage to land and neighboring communities. By thinking out of the box, the decision to use goats for fire prevention has proven (证明) to be a success. These friendly animals have been helping the city with wildfire prevention by eating the dry grass and dead trees. When the goats eat the things that are likely to catch fire, they stop the problem before it grows! Wildfires can happen naturally, when dry plants catch fire because of the sun’s heat. However, most wildfires are caused by human carelessness. The best way to fight the fires and lessen the damage is to try to clear away the things that encourage the fire’s spread, in this case the dry grass, trees and plants. If the things that are most likely to catch fire are gone, the fire is less likely to spread. This is a very environmentally friendly solution on many levels, and super effective as well. The loveable goats are able to reach difficult areas that grass cutters would not be able to reach. Firefighters and government officials could not be happier with the results. West Sacramento public information officer, Paul Hosely, said that about 400 of these goats can clear an area of about two acres per day. They even fertilize (使肥沃) the area, a natural and free side effect of eating all those dry plants. Although this effort is costly, it has paid off. A few weeks ago, a fire near the Oakland Zoo spread quickly. Fire breaks made by the goats helped stop it from growing and spreading, and kept the people in the area and their properties (财产) safe. 1．What does the underlined part “this problem” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．The shortage of firefighters in the U. S. B．Loss of life caused by extreme weather. C．The growth of wildfires across wooded areas. D．Damage to land caused by some wild animals. 2．How do goats help West Sacramento? A．By fertilizing gardens. B．By creating fire breaks. C．By warning of possible danger. D．By controlling overgrown grass. 3．How does the author show the solution’s effectiveness in paragraph5? A．By using experts’ words. B．By providing examples. C．By showing differences. D．By describing a process. 4．The author used the event near the Oakland Zoo to show _________. A．the side effect of the mentioned solution B．the popularity of the mentioned solution C．the high cost of the mentioned solution D．the success of the mentioned solution B （2025-2026学年湖南长沙市珺琟高级中学上学期期末考试高二年级英语学科试题） A tsunami is a series of large ocean waves caused by underwater earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or landslides. Unlike normal ocean waves, which are driven by wind, tsunamis are powered by the movement of the Earth’s crust. These waves can travel across entire oceans at speeds of up to 800 kilometers per hour — faster than a jet plane. In deep water, tsunamis are usually less than one meter high, making them almost impossible to detect. However, as they approach shallow coastal areas, they slow down and grow in height, sometimes reaching 30 meters or more. The word “tsunami” comes from the Japanese words “tsu” (harbor) and “nami” (wave). Japan has a long history of tsunamis and is one of the most tsunami-prone countries in the world. The 2011 Tohoku tsunami, caused by a 9.0-magnitude earthquake off the coast of Japan, was one of the deadliest tsunamis in history. It killed more than 15,000 people, destroyed thousands of buildings, and triggered a nuclear disaster at the Fukushima Daiichi power plant. Tsunamis are difficult to predict, but scientists have developed early warning systems to help reduce their impact. These systems use seismometers to detect underwater earthquakes and ocean buoys to measure changes in sea level. When a tsunami is detected, warnings are sent to coastal communities, giving people time to evacuate to higher ground. However, these systems are not perfect. In some cases, tsunamis can arrive within minutes, leaving little time for warnings to be issued and people to escape. There are also steps that individuals can take to stay safe during a tsunami. First, learn the warning signs: a sudden rise or fall in sea level, a loud roar from the ocean, or the sudden appearance of a large area of exposed seabed. Second, have an emergency plan: know the nearest high ground and the best route to get there. Third, if you are told to evacuate, do so immediately. Do not wait to see the tsunami, and do not go to the coast to watch it. Finally, after a tsunami, be careful of aftershocks, which can cause additional waves, and stay away from damaged buildings and flooded areas. 5．What is the main cause of tsunamis? A．Strong winds over the ocean. B．The movement of the Earth’s crust. C．The rise and fall of sea level. D．Aftershocks of earthquakes. 6．Why are tsunamis hard to detect in deep water? A．They travel at a very low speed. B．They are driven by wind power. C．Their height is usually less than one meter. D．They are hidden by normal ocean waves. 7．What does the underlined word “evacuate” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．To move to a safe place. B．To stay in the original place. C．To build a strong shelter. D．To collect emergency supplies. 8．Which of the following is a warning sign of a tsunami? A．A sudden decrease in wind speed. B．A loud noise from the sky. C．A sudden rise in sea level. D．A heavy rain that lasts for days. 七选五 （2025-2026学年河南洛阳市第一学期期末考试高一英语试题） How to Survive a Disaster Disasters can strike at any moment. If you learn the right survival skills and stay calm, you can make a big difference between life and death. Survival requires calmness, quick thinking, careful preparation and following basic safety rules. 1 Preparation is the first step toward survival. First, know all the emergency exits and safe places around you. Then, prepare an emergency kit (急救箱) consisting of necessary things like bottled water, canned food, a flashlight with extra batteries, a basic first-aid kit, a whistle (哨子) to call for help and a phone charger. 2 Remember to replace old food and water and add useful things based on your needs. 3 Fear is your biggest enemy in a disaster. It can make you lose your judgment and do dangerous things. If you are trapped, use a whistle or flashlight to signal for help instead of shouting loudly, which will only waste your energy and make you feel more tired. After the disaster ends and everything seems quiet, don’t rush back to damaged buildings right away. 4 Go to a safe place that the government sets up and wait for their instructions instead. Listen to the radio or TV for updates on safety and rescue work, and wait until it’s announced safe to go back home. In short, surviving a disaster depends on good preparation, calmness when danger comes and following safety rules strictly. By getting well-prepared and knowing what to do, you can protect yourself and your loved ones. 5 After all, being ready for the unexpected is the best way. A．There are things you can prepare for your phone. B．Besides, you can help reduce the harm the disaster brings. C．In a disaster, staying calm is the most important thing of all. D．These can greatly help you get through a disaster without harm. E．Keep it in an easy-to-reach place and update it every six months. F．If an earthquake hits, drop to the ground at once and hide under a strong table. G．They may still fall suddenly or have hidden dangers, which can cause more accidents. 语法填空 （2025-2026学年福建省龙岩市高一第一学期2月期末英语试题） Strange things happened in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For days, the water in village wells rose and fell repeatedly. Deep cracks appeared on well walls, and at least one well let out some 1 (smell) gas. Mice fled the fields searching for shelters, and fish jumped out of the water. At around 3 a.m. on 28 July 1976, bright lights 2 (see) in the sky outside Tangshan. At 3:42 a.m., the ground started shaking violently. It felt as if the world was coming to 3 end. Eleven kilometres beneath the city, one of the deadliest earthquakes of the 20th century struck, a quake 4 caused damage even 150 kilometres away in Beijing. A massive crack cut through houses, roads and waterways. In a minute, the city 5 (lie) in ruins. Two-thirds of the residents 6 (live) there lost their lives or got injured. Survivors saw nothing but ruins everywhere. Water, food and electricity were 7 (extreme) hard to obtain. Yet hope remained. The army sent 150,000 soldiers 8 (rescue) those trapped and bury the dead. Over 10,000 doctors and nurses offered medical care, and shelters were built for homeless survivors. 9 joint efforts, Tangshan gradually recovered, and it stands as a new city today. Its rebirth shows the 10 (wise) and courage of the Chinese people. ( 5 / 7 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $