第10卷 被动语态、虚拟语气-2026年福建省（学业水平考试）《英语45分钟训练卷》（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：2026年福建省（学业水平考试）《英语45分钟训练卷》，由15份专题训练卷与5份综合训练卷组成。试卷通过具象化拆解核心考点、搭建系统知识网络、场景化训练强调知识应用，从而做到降低学习门槛、巩固知识体系、强化实战能力，全方位适配学生备考需求。 本试卷是2026年福建省（学业水平考试）《英语45分钟训练卷》的第10卷，知识点包括被动语态、虚拟语气。 2026年福建省（学业水平考试）《英语45分钟训练卷》 第10卷 句法知识（被动语态、虚拟语气） 考试时间：45分钟 满分：100分 班级 姓名 学号 成绩 1、 单项选择 (共40小题；每小题2.5分，满分100分) （1）被动语态 1．The letter ______ by my brother just now. A．writes B．wrote C．was written 【答案】C 【详解】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：这封信是我哥哥刚才写的。“the letter”和“write”是被动关系（信被写），且“just now”（刚才）表示一般过去时，所以用一般过去时的被动语态“was written”。故选C。 2．The new bridge ______ next year. A．will build B．will be built C．built 【答案】B 【详解】考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：这座新桥明年将会被建造。“the new bridge”和“build”是被动关系（桥被建），且“next year”（明年）表示一般将来时，所以用一般将来时的被动语态“will be built”。故选B。 3．English ______ in many countries around the world. A．speaks B．is spoken C．spoke 【答案】B 【详解】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：英语在世界上很多国家被使用。“English”和“speak”是被动关系（英语被说），本句描述客观事实用一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态“is spoken”。故选B。 4．The classroom ______ by the students every afternoon. A．cleans B．is cleaned C．cleaned 【答案】B 【详解】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：教室每天下午被学生们打扫。“the classroom”和“clean”是被动关系（教室被打扫），且“every afternoon”（每天下午）表示一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态“is cleaned”。故选B。 5．This book ______ by Lu Xun many years ago. A．is written B．was written C．wrote 【答案】B 【详解】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：这本书是鲁迅很多年前写的。“this book”和“write”是被动关系（书被写），且“many years ago”（很多年前）表示一般过去时，所以用一般过去时的被动语态“was written”。故选B。 6．The flowers ______ by my mother every morning. A．are watered B．water C．watered 【答案】A 【详解】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：这些花每天早上被我妈妈浇水。“the flowers”和“water”是被动关系（花被浇水），且“every morning”（每天早上）表示一般现在时，复数主语用一般现在时的被动语态“are watered”。故选A。 7．A new hospital ______ in our city now. A．is being built B．builds C．is building 【答案】A 【详解】考查现在进行时的被动语态。句意：我们城市现在正在建一所新医院。“a new hospital”和“build”是被动关系（医院被建），且“now”（现在）表示现在进行时，所以用现在进行时的被动语态“is being built”。故选A。 8．The problem ______ by the teacher yesterday. A．is explained B．was explained C．explained 【答案】B 【详解】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：这个问题昨天被老师讲解了。“the problem”和“explain”是被动关系（问题被讲解），且“yesterday”（昨天）表示一般过去时，所以用一般过去时的被动语态“was explained”。故选B。 9．The windows ______ already ______ by Tom. A．have; cleaned B．have; been cleaned C．are; cleaned 【答案】B 【详解】考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意：窗户已经被汤姆擦干净了。“the windows”和“clean”是被动关系（窗户被擦），且“already”（已经）表示现在完成时，所以用现在完成时的被动语态“have been cleaned”。故选B。 10．The meeting ______ till next Monday. A．will put off B．will be put off C．puts off 【答案】B 【详解】考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：会议将会被推迟到下周一。“the meeting”和“put off”是被动关系（会议被推迟），且“next Monday”（下周一）表示一般将来时，所以用一般将来时的被动语态“will be put off”。故选B。 11．Rice ______ in the south of China. A．grows B．is grown C．grew 【答案】B 【详解】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：水稻在中国南方被种植。“rice”和“grow”是被动关系（水稻被种植），本句描述客观事实用一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态“is grown”。故选B。 12．The little boy ______ by his mother just now. A．is taken care of B．was taken care of C．took care of 【答案】B 【详解】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：这个小男孩刚才被他妈妈照顾着。“the little boy”和“take care of”是被动关系（男孩被照顾），且“just now”（刚才）表示一般过去时，所以用一般过去时的被动语态“was taken care of”。故选B。 13．The work ______ in two hours. A．will finish B．will be finished C．finished 【答案】B 【详解】考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：这项工作将会在两小时内被完成。“the work”和“finish”是被动关系（工作被完成），且“in two hours”（两小时内）表示一般将来时，所以用一般将来时的被动语态“will be finished”。故选B。 14．These photos ______ by my sister in the park last Sunday. A．are taken B．were taken C．took 【答案】B 【详解】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：这些照片是我姐姐上周日在公园拍的。“these photos”和“take”是被动关系（照片被拍），且“last Sunday”（上周日）表示一般过去时，复数主语用一般过去时的被动语态“were taken”。故选B。 15．The door ______ by Tom at the moment. A．is being opened B．opens C．is opening 【答案】A 【详解】考查现在进行时的被动语态。句意：汤姆此刻正在开这扇门。“the door”和“open”是被动关系（门被开），且“at the moment”（此刻）表示现在进行时，所以用现在进行时的被动语态“is being opened”。故选A。 16．This song ______ by many young people now. A．is sung B．sings C．sang 【答案】A 【详解】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：这首歌现在被很多年轻人传唱。“this song”和“sing”是被动关系（歌被唱），且“now”表示现在的状态，用一般现在时的被动语态“is sung”。故选A。 17．The old man ______ by a kind girl yesterday. A．is helped B．was helped C．helped 【答案】B 【详解】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：这位老人昨天被一个善良的女孩帮助了。“the old man”和“help”是被动关系（老人被帮助），且“yesterday”（昨天）表示一般过去时，所以用一般过去时的被动语态“was helped”。故选B。 18．The homework ______ by the students before dinner. A．has been finished B．has finished C．finished 【答案】A 【详解】考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意：学生们在晚饭前已经完成了作业。“the homework”和“finish”是被动关系（作业被完成），且本句强调过去动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时的被动语态“has been finished”。故选A。 19．A new film ______ in the cinema next week. A．will show B．will be shown C．showed 【答案】B 【详解】考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：一部新电影下周将会在电影院上映。“a new film”和“show”是被动关系（电影被放映），且“next week”（下周）表示一般将来时，所以用一般将来时的被动语态“will be shown”。故选B。 20．The rules ______ by all the students in our school. A．must follow B．must be followed C．followed 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词的被动语态。句意：我们学校的所有学生都必须遵守这些规则。“the rules”和“follow”是被动关系（规则被遵守），情态动词must后接被动语态的结构为“must be + 动词过去分词”，即“must be followed”。故选B。 （2）虚拟语气 21．If I ______ you, I would study hard. A．am B．was C．were 【答案】C 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我是你，我会努力学习。本句是对现在事实的虚拟，if从句用一般过去时，be动词统一用were，主句用“would + 动词原形”。故选C。 22．If it ______ tomorrow, we would stay at home. A．rains B．rained C．will rain 【答案】B 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里。本句是对将来事实的虚拟，if从句用一般过去时，主句用“would + 动词原形”。故选B。 23．I wish I ______ a bird. A．am B．was C．were 【答案】C 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我希望我是一只鸟。wish后接宾语从句表示对现在事实的虚拟，从句用一般过去时，be动词统一用were。故选C。 24．If he ______ here, he would help us. A．is B．was C．were 【答案】C 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他在这，他会帮我们。本句是对现在事实的虚拟，if从句用一般过去时，be动词统一用were，主句用“would + 动词原形”。故选C。 25．She suggested that we ______ early. A．start B．started C．will start 【答案】A 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：她建议我们早点出发。suggest表示“建议”时，后接的宾语从句用虚拟语气，结构为“(should) + 动词原形”，should可省略，即用start。故选A。 26．If I ______ more time, I would read more books. A．have B．had C．will have 【答案】B 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我有更多时间，我会读更多书。本句是对现在事实的虚拟，if从句用一般过去时，主句用“would + 动词原形”。故选B。 27．It's time that we ______ to bed. A．go B．went C．will go 【答案】B 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：到我们睡觉的时间了。“It's time that...”后接的从句用虚拟语气，从句用一般过去时，即went。故选B。 28．If we ______ the bus, we would have arrived on time. A．caught B．had caught C．catch 【答案】B 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们赶上了公交车，我们就能按时到了。本句是对过去事实的虚拟，if从句用过去完成时，主句用“would have + 动词过去分词”。故选B。 29．He insisted that he ______ right. A．is B．was C．be 【答案】C 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：他坚持认为自己是对的。insist表示“坚持要求/主张”时，后接的宾语从句用虚拟语气，结构为“(should) + 动词原形”，should可省略，即用be。故选C。 30．If she ______ hard, she would have passed the exam. A．studied B．had studied C．studies 【答案】B 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果她努力学习了，她就会通过考试了。本句是对过去事实的虚拟，if从句用过去完成时，主句用“would have + 动词过去分词”。故选B。 31．I wish I ______ yesterday. A．came B．had come C．will come 【答案】B 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我希望我昨天来了。wish后接宾语从句表示对过去事实的虚拟，从句用过去完成时，即had come。故选B。 32．If there ______ no water, people would die. A．is B．was C．were 【答案】C 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果没有水，人们就会死去。本句是对现在事实的虚拟，if从句用一般过去时，be动词统一用were，主句用“would + 动词原形”。故选C。 33．The teacher demanded that we ______ our homework on time. A．hand in B．handed in C．will hand in 【答案】A 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：老师要求我们按时交作业。demand表示“要求”时，后接的宾语从句用虚拟语气，结构为“(should) + 动词原形”，should可省略，即用hand in。故选A。 34．If I ______ the news, I would have told you. A．heard B．had heard C．hear 【答案】B 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我听到了这个消息，我就会告诉你了。本句是对过去事实的虚拟，if从句用过去完成时，主句用“would have + 动词过去分词”。故选B。 35．I wish I ______ English well. A．speak B．spoke C．will speak 【答案】B 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我希望我英语说得好。wish后接宾语从句表示对现在事实的虚拟，从句用一般过去时，即spoke。故选B。 36．If you ______ more carefully, you wouldn't make mistakes. A．are B．were C．will be 【答案】B 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你更细心一点，你就不会犯错了。本句是对现在事实的虚拟，if从句用一般过去时，主句用“would + 动词原形（否定式）”。故选B。 37．It's necessary that he ______ the task at once. A．finish B．finished C．finishes 【答案】A 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：他立刻完成这项任务是有必要的。“It's necessary that...”后接的从句用虚拟语气，结构为“(should) + 动词原形”，should可省略，即用finish。故选A。 38．If they ______ the plan, they would have succeeded. A．followed B．had followed C．follow 【答案】B 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们按照计划做了，他们就会成功了。本句是对过去事实的虚拟，if从句用过去完成时，主句用“would have + 动词过去分词”。故选B。 39．She wishes she ______ to the party last night. A．went B．had gone C．will go 【答案】B 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：她希望她昨晚去了那个派对。wish后接宾语从句表示对过去事实的虚拟，从句用过去完成时，即had gone。故选B。 40．If I ______ tomorrow, I would go with you. A．am free B．was free C．were free 【答案】C 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我明天有空，我就和你一起去。本句是对将来事实的虚拟，if从句用一般过去时，be动词统一用were，主句用“would + 动词原形”。故选C。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 编写说明：2026年福建省（学业水平考试）《英语45分钟训练卷》，由15份专题训练卷与5份综合训练卷组成。试卷通过具象化拆解核心考点、搭建系统知识网络、场景化训练强调知识应用，从而做到降低学习门槛、巩固知识体系、强化实战能力，全方位适配学生备考需求。 本试卷是2026年福建省（学业水平考试）《英语45分钟训练卷》的第10卷，知识点包括被动语态、虚拟语气。 2026年福建省（学业水平考试）《英语45分钟训练卷》 第10卷 句法知识（被动语态、虚拟语气） 考试时间：45分钟 满分：100分 班级 姓名 学号 成绩 1、 单项选择 (共40小题；每小题2.5分，满分100分) （1）被动语态 1．The letter ______ by my brother just now. A．writes B．wrote C．was written 2．The new bridge ______ next year. A．will build B．will be built C．built 3．English ______ in many countries around the world. A．speaks B．is spoken C．spoke 4．The classroom ______ by the students every afternoon. A．cleans B．is cleaned C．cleaned 5．This book ______ by Lu Xun many years ago. A．is written B．was written C．wrote 6．The flowers ______ by my mother every morning. A．are watered B．water C．watered 7．A new hospital ______ in our city now. A．is being built B．builds C．is building 8．The problem ______ by the teacher yesterday. A．is explained B．was explained C．explained 9．The windows ______ already ______ by Tom. A．have; cleaned B．have; been cleaned C．are; cleaned 10．The meeting ______ till next Monday. A．will put off B．will be put off C．puts off 11．Rice ______ in the south of China. A．grows B．is grown C．grew 12．The little boy ______ by his mother just now. A．is taken care of B．was taken care of C．took care of 13．The work ______ in two hours. A．will finish B．will be finished C．finished 14．These photos ______ by my sister in the park last Sunday. A．are taken B．were taken C．took 15．The door ______ by Tom at the moment. A．is being opened B．opens C．is opening 16．This song ______ by many young people now. A．is sung B．sings C．sang 17．The old man ______ by a kind girl yesterday. A．is helped B．was helped C．helped 18．The homework ______ by the students before dinner. A．has been finished B．has finished C．finished 19．A new film ______ in the cinema next week. A．will show B．will be shown C．showed 20．The rules ______ by all the students in our school. A．must follow B．must be followed C．followed （2）虚拟语气 21．If I ______ you, I would study hard. A．am B．was C．were 22．If it ______ tomorrow, we would stay at home. A．rains B．rained C．will rain 23．I wish I ______ a bird. A．am B．was C．were 24．If he ______ here, he would help us. A．is B．was C．were 25．She suggested that we ______ early. A．start B．started C．will start 26．If I ______ more time, I would read more books. A．have B．had C．will have 27．It's time that we ______ to bed. A．go B．went C．will go 28．If we ______ the bus, we would have arrived on time. A．caught B．had caught C．catch 29．He insisted that he ______ right. A．is B．was C．be 30．If she ______ hard, she would have passed the exam. A．studied B．had studied C．studies 31．I wish I ______ yesterday. A．came B．had come C．will come 32．If there ______ no water, people would die. A．is B．was C．were 33．The teacher demanded that we ______ our homework on time. A．hand in B．handed in C．will hand in 34．If I ______ the news, I would have told you. A．heard B．had heard C．hear 35．I wish I ______ English well. A．speak B．spoke C．will speak 36．If you ______ more carefully, you wouldn't make mistakes. A．are B．were C．will be 37．It's necessary that he ______ the task at once. A．finish B．finished C．finishes 38．If they ______ the plan, they would have succeeded. A．followed B．had followed C．follow 39．She wishes she ______ to the party last night. A．went B．had gone C．will go 40．If I ______ tomorrow, I would go with you. A．am free B．was free C．were free 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $