新人教版高一英语必修三 UNIT 4 Space Exploration Listening and Speaking & Listening and Talking （含答案解析）

新人教版高一英语必修三UNIT 4 Space Exploration Listening and Speaking & Listening and Talking 课时同步练习（附答案解析） Ⅰ. 语境词汇拼写 根据首字母、汉语提示写出单词的正确形式，每空一词。 1.The a_______ (宇航员) will spend six months in the China Space Station. 2.Every astronaut must learn safety p_______ (程序；步骤) before the space task. 3.Long space tasks require a sound m_______ (精神的；思想的) state for astronauts. 4.The small space tool is one c_______ (厘米) thick and easy to carry. 5.The new carrier r_______ (火箭) sent the satellite into the right path successfully. 6.Astronauts use special no-rinse s_______ (肥皂) to clean hands in space. 7.The soft t_______ (毛巾) is specially made for astronauts' daily cleaning. 8.They watched distant stars through a high-power t_______ (望远镜). 9.Astronauts heat food with a specially designed m_______ (微波炉) in the capsule. 10.Used t_______ (纸巾) must be sealed in special bags in the space station. 11.The station has advanced medical f_______ (设施；设备) for sudden accidents. 12.The students looked at the g_______ (地球仪) and talked about space tasks. Ⅱ. 单句语法填空 阅读下列句子，在空白处填入1个适当的单词，或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.The young astronaut is keen _______ sharing his real space experiences with students. 2.It takes years of training to master the _______ (intelligent) behind the space station's control system. 3.All astronauts must follow strict safety _______ (procedure) before and after each space task. 4.The Chinese space team worked day and night _______ (send) the rocket into orbit successfully. 5.Astronauts use _______ (special) designed tools to complete tasks in the weightless environment. 6.The China Space Station _______ (equip) with complete medical facilities since its completion. 7.Long space tasks can affect astronauts _______ (mental) as well as physically. 8.Scientists are trying to find a better way _______ (solve) the problem of reusing water in space. 9.Not only _______ the globe help students learn about our planet, but it also inspires their space interest. 10.The biggest challenge _______ astronauts face during long tasks is getting used to weightlessness. Ⅲ. 句型运用与完成句子 根据所给汉语提示，补全下列句子，每空词数不限。 1._______________________ (对于宇航员来说是一个巨大的挑战) to get used to the weightless environment in space. 2.Before the task, every astronaut must learn _______________________ (如何正确操作太空舱里的所有应急设施). 3.The teenager, who is crazy about space science, _______________________ (下定决心成为一名宇航员) when he graduates from university. 4._______________________ (我们不仅对空间站的生活充满好奇), but we also admire astronauts' courage to explore the unknown. 5.It was the great historic achievements of China's space station _______________________ (吸引了全球航天爱好者的广泛关注). Ⅳ. 阅读理解（B篇·科普人文类） 【命题说明】本文为高考全国卷B篇科普人文类题材，词数严格控制在320-350词，符合高考语篇长度要求；所有词汇均为新课标考纲内词汇；4道小题依次为细节理解题、词义猜测题、推理判断题、主旨大意题，全面覆盖高考阅读理解核心考查能力，干扰项设置严谨。 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Living on the International Space Station (ISS) might sound like a dream for space lovers, but it brings unexpected challenges, even for the simplest daily tasks. For astronauts, every minute in space is strictly planned, and even basic cleaning and living needs need specially made tools and strict rules. Unlike on Earth, you can’t let water run freely when washing hands. Astronauts use a small amount of water mixed with no-rinse soap, then dry themselves with a special soft towel. Brushing teeth needs more care: they have to swallow the toothpaste after brushing, because there’s no sink to spit it into. All used tissue is sealed in special waste bags to stop it from floating around and damaging the station’s delicate equipment. The ISS is equipped with basic living facilities, including a microwave for heating pre-cooked food, but no fridges. That means most of the food is dried or specially sealed to stay fresh for months. Astronauts can’t use regular cups either—they drink from sealed bags with straws, to stop liquid from floating everywhere in space. Astronauts also need to take good care of their mental health. Long-term tasks mean they are far away from family, living in a small space with the same team for 6 to 12 months. They have fixed video calls with loved ones, and can watch movies, read books, or look at the Earth through a high-power telescope in their limited free time. The golden rule on the ISS is to follow every standard rule carefully. Even a tiny mistake, like leaving a towel floating freely, could get stuck in the station’s air system and cause a serious accident. Every task, no matter how small, has clear rules to keep the astronauts safe and the station running smoothly. 1.What must astronauts do with used toothpaste according to the text? A. Wash it away with running water B. Seal it in a special waste bag C. Swallow it after brushing teeth D. Store it in a fixed small bottle 2.What does the underlined word "delicate" in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Easy to damage B. Very expensive C. Highly advanced D. Hard to operate 3.What can we infer from the text? A. Astronauts can enjoy fresh cold drinks and vegetables freely on the ISS. B. Strictly following standard rules is the key to safety on the space station. C. Astronauts have no chance to contact their family during long space tasks. D. The ISS has the same living facilities as common family homes on Earth. 4.What is the main idea of the text? A. The development of facilities on International Space Station B. Great challenges of sending humans into deep space exploration C. The daily life and strict safety rules for astronauts on the ISS D. The ways to keep astronauts healthy during long-term space travel 【答案解析】 Ⅰ. 语境词汇拼写 1.astronaut 2.procedures 3.mental 4.centimeter/centimetre 5.rocket 6.soap7.towel 8.telescope 9.microwave 10.tissue 11.facilities 12.globe Ⅱ. 单句语法填空 1.答案：on 【考点】固定短语及介词盲填 【解析】本题考查本单元核心固定短语be keen on（热衷于；喜爱），为高考常考固定搭配，介词on为唯一正确答案。 2.答案：intelligence 【考点】词性转换（形容词→名词，高考核心必考点） 【解析】空格前为定冠词the，定冠词后必须接名词作句子宾语，因此只能填所给形容词intelligent的名词形式intelligence。 3.答案：procedures 【考点】名词单复数（高考基础必考点） 【解析】procedure为可数名词，题干中before and after each task明确限定“每项任务前后的多套安全流程”，需用复数形式procedures。 4.答案：to send 【考点】非谓语动词（动词不定式作目的状语，本单元核心语法） 【解析】句中已有谓语动词worked，一个简单句不可出现两个并列谓语，空格处作目的状语，表“日夜工作的目的是成功发射火箭”，只能填不定式to send。 5.答案：specially 【考点】词性转换（形容词→副词，高考高频考点） 【解析】空格处修饰过去分词designed，需用副词修饰，副词形式为specially。 6.答案：has been equipped 【考点】动词的时态、语态与主谓一致（高考核心必考点） 【解析】根据时间状语since its completion，句子必须用现在完成时；主语The China Space Station与动词equip为被动关系（空间站被配备设施），需用被动语态；主语为第三人称单数，最终只能填has been equipped。 7.答案：mentally 【考点】词性转换（形容词→副词，高考高频考点） 【解析】空格处与physically并列，共同修饰动词affect，只有副词可以修饰动词，因此只能填所给形容词mental的副词形式mentally。 8.答案：to solve 【考点】非谓语动词（动词不定式作后置定语，本单元核心语法） 【解析】本题考查高考固定核心结构the way to do sth.（做某事的方法），不定式作后置定语修饰名词way，句中已有谓语动词are trying，不可出现第二个谓语，因此只能填to solve。 9.答案：does 【考点】倒装结构与助动词用法（高考高频考点） 【解析】Not only置于句首时，句子必须用部分倒装；主语the globe为第三人称单数，谓语动词help为实义动词，一般现在时中需借助助动词does完成倒装，does为正确答案。 10.答案：that 【考点】定语从句关系代词盲填（高考核心必考点） 【解析】空格处引导限制性定语从句，先行词The biggest challenge被形容词最高级biggest修饰，且先行词指物，关系代词在从句中作宾语，根据高考语法规范，先行词被最高级修饰时，关系代词只能用that，不可用which。 Ⅲ. 句型运用与完成句子 1.参考答案：It is a huge challenge for astronauts 【考点】高考高频核心句型：it作形式主语，真正主语为后面的不定式短语（本单元核心句型） 【解析】本句核心结构唯一，必须用it作形式主语，避免句子头重脚轻，为高考写作与语法填空必考句型。 2.参考答案：how to correctly operate all the emergency facilities in the space capsule 【考点】高考高频结构：疑问词+不定式作宾语（本单元核心句型） 【解析】本句核心结构为“疑问词how+不定式”作动词learn的宾语，为高考必考核心结构。 3.参考答案：is determined to become an astronaut 【考点】单元核心固定句型：be determined to do sth.（下定决心做某事） 【解析】本句核心固定短语唯一，主语the teenager为第三人称单数，be动词用is。 4.参考答案：Not only are we curious about the life on the space station 【考点】高考高频倒装结构：Not only置于句首的部分倒装 【解析】Not only置于句首时，句子必须用部分倒装，需将be动词are提前至主语we之前。 5.参考答案：that attracted the wide attention of space lovers around the globe 【考点】高考核心语法：it is/was...that...强调句型 【解析】本句为强调句，被强调部分为句子主语the great historic achievements of China's space station，此处强调句的固定结构用that连接。 Ⅳ. 阅读理解 1.答案：C 【考点】细节理解题（高考阅读理解必考题型） 【原文精准定位】第二段第三句：Brushing teeth needs more care: they have to swallow the toothpaste after brushing, because there’s no sink to spit it into. 【名师解析】C选项与原文表述完全一致，为唯一正确答案。A选项“用流水冲走”与原文第一段“不能让水自由流动”的表述完全相悖；B选项“密封在专用垃圾袋”是用过的纸巾的处理方式，属于偷换概念，与题干问题无关；D选项“储存在固定的小瓶子里”原文完全未提及，属于无中生有。 2.答案：A 【考点】词义猜测题（高考阅读理解必考题型） 【原文精准定位】第二段最后一句：All used tissue is sealed in special waste bags to stop it from floating around and damaging the station’s delicate equipment. 【名师解析】根据上下文语境，密封用过的纸巾是为了防止其漂浮并“损坏”空间站的设备，由此可推断，delicate此处意为“易损坏的、精密的”，与A选项Easy to damage含义完全一致，为唯一正确答案。B、C、D选项均无法与前文的damaging形成合理的逻辑关联，不符合高考词义猜测题“依托上下文语境解题”的核心原则。 3.答案：B 【高考考点】推理判断题（高考阅读理解区分度核心题型） 【原文精准定位】最后一段全段 【名师解析】根据原文最后一段“空间站的黄金准则是严格遵守每一项标准规则，哪怕是一个微小的失误，比如让毛巾随意漂浮，都可能卡在空间站的空气系统中，引发严重事故”，可合理推断出“严格遵守标准规则是空间站安全的核心”，B选项为唯一正确答案，完全符合高考推理判断题“基于原文、合理推断、不主观臆断”的解题原则。A选项“宇航员可在空间站自由享用新鲜冷饮和蔬菜”与原文第三段“空间站没有冰箱，大部分食物是脱水或特殊密封的”表述完全相悖；C选项“宇航员在长期太空任务中无法联系家人”与原文第四段“他们有固定的与亲人视频通话的时间”完全相反；D选项“空间站的生活设施与地球上普通家庭完全一致”与原文“所有设施均为特殊设计”的表述相悖，三项均为原文明确否定的内容。 4.答案：C 【高考考点】主旨大意题 【名师解析】全文围绕“国际空间站宇航员的生活”展开，依次介绍了宇航员在空间站的清洁、饮食、心理健康三大核心生活场景，最终落脚到空间站的安全规则，C选项完整覆盖全文核心内容，为唯一正确答案，符合高考主旨大意题“全面、不片面、不偏离主题”的解题要求。A选项仅覆盖“设施”一个片面细节，无法概括全文；B选项“深空探索的巨大挑战”偏离了“空间站宇航员日常生活”的核心主题；D选项仅覆盖“健康”一个细节，三项均无法概括全文主旨。 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $