Unit 8 Making a Difference单元语法精讲精练与单元话题写作指导-2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册

单元语法精讲精练 单元语法精讲 现在完成时 1. 现在完成时表示某一动作或状态已经持续多长时间或从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在。此类句子常与 for 和 since 连用, 但两者的用法和侧重点完全不同。 1. for 表示动作持续的“时间段”，为具体时长（如 3 years, 5 hours, a month） I have been a volunteer for 5 years. 我做志愿者已经5年了。 Linda has learned Chinese for a month. 琳达学汉语已经一个月了。 1. since 表示动作开始的“时间点”，为具体时间点（如 2018, last Monday, 8 o’clock）或“过去动作”（如 he left）。 She’s been a volunteer since 2022. 她从 2022 年就是一名志愿者了。 Mary has lived with her uncle since her parents died. 自从她父母去世后，玛丽就和她叔叔住在一起。 注意时态必须一致：for和since与现在完成时连用时，主句谓语动词必须是“延续性动词”（如live, work, study），不能用“非延续性动词”（如buy, leave, die）。 错误：I have bought this book for 2 years. (buy 是非延续性动词，无法持续 2 年) 正确：I have had this book for 2 years. (have 是延续性动词，表“拥有”的状态) 1. since 的特殊用法: since 后还能接“一般过去时的句子”, 表示 “从过去某个动作发生时开始”。 She has not called me since we argued last week. 自从上周我们吵架后，她就没给我打过电话。 1. have/has been to, have/has gone to 与 have/ has been in 的区别 1. have / has been to“到过,去过”。表示曾去过某地,而此时人已经不在那儿了。 1. have /has gone to “去了”, 表示现在人可能在去的途中或已经在那个地方了, 不在说话人处。 1. have / has been in“待在”, 常常和表示持续意义的时间状语连用。 3. 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如 yesterday、last night、three weeks ago、in 1990 等。而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系，它可以和上述表示过去的时间状语连用。Fu Xing has worked at a nursing home since last year. 付兴从去年年开始就在一家养老院工作。（她现在还在那里工作。） Fu Xing worked at a nursing home last year. 付兴去年在一家养老院工作。（不涉及她现在是否还在那里工作。） 单元语法精练 一、用 for 或 since 填空。 1. My family has kept this old photo album _________ more than 20 years. 1. The little girl has been able to ride a bike _________ she was 5 years old. 1. We haven’t had a family dinner together _________ last Spring Festival. 1. The library has been open to the public _________ 8 a.m. this morning. 1. Mr. Li has taught math at this school _________ 15 years. 1. I have used this blue pen _______ I bought it in the stationery shop last month. 1. They have been interested in collecting stamps _________ they were in middle school. 1. We have known each other _________ 3 months. 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. I ________ (visit) Beijing twice, and the first time I ________ (go) there was in 2018. 1. She ________ (learn) to play the piano for 3 years, but she ________ (start) taking lessons only because her mom encouraged her. 1. We _________ (live) in this apartment since 2020, and we _________ (move) here because it’s close to my dad’s office. 1. He first _________ (borrow) the book from the school library last month, and he _________ (read) this novel three times. 语法拓展训练——回归教材 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。（每空10分，满分100分） Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for inviting me to speak to you about Blue Sky Rescue today. Let me begin with my own story. Back in 2008, I was hiking in the mountains with some friends 1. ________ one of them fell and got a bad head injury. We had to find help quickly, so we called 2. ________ emergency number. It was already dark, and we couldn’t even see where we were. After some time, we heard dogs 3. ________ (bark) and the voices of the Blue Sky Rescue team. I nearly started crying. We were so thankful that they found us! I’ve never 4. _________ (forget) that day. Since then, I’ve wanted to help others too. I signed up with Blue Sky Rescue in 2009, and I’ve been a volunteer ever since. We’ve been to schools and other communities to teach children and adults how to stay safe and prepare for the worst. We’ve also rescued people during 5. _________ (emergency). We’ve provided medical aid and searched for 6. _________ (miss) people after natural disasters, like the 2013 earthquake in Ya’an and the typhoon in the Philippines in the same year. In 2023, we even helped in places as far away as Türkiye! Working as a volunteer has taught me many 7. _________ (practice) life-saving skills. It has also helped me understand the power of teamwork because it’s the key to successful rescues. Most 8 _________ . all, being a volunteer has taught me the value of every life. The work is difficult. It’s 9. ________ (volunteer), so we aren’t paid. We often go without food or sleep. But our goal has always been 10. ________ (save) as many people as we can. I’m just an ordinary person, but I’ll rush into danger, just like everyone else in Blue Sky Rescue. To the people we’ve saved and their loved ones, I know we’re their heroes. And that makes everything we do worth it. We want to do even more, but we can’t do it all alone. Will you join us as a volunteer? Together we can make a difference! 单元话题写作指导(Project) [单元话题分析] 本单元话题是“志愿和慈善”，写作上要求学生能够就做慈善或者志愿者活动的有关内容用英语的正确的时态表达出来。包括写自己做过的志愿活动经历，志愿者招募广告及报名参加志愿者活动的文章。 [话题写作指导] 话题词汇必备 单词必备 1.volunteer志愿做 1. organization 机构 1. charity慈善机构 4.youth青年 1. teamwork 团队合作 1. effort 努力 7.donate捐赠 8.elderly 年级较大的 1. talent 才能 10.advertisement广告 11.responsibility责任 1. actively 积极地 短语必备 1. sign up 报名 1. most of all 最主要的是 1. on the go 忙碌的 1. in need 处于贫困中 1. hand out 分发 1. be willing to do sth. 乐意做某事 1. make a difference有重要作用 1. sign up 报名 1. chat with sb. 与某人交谈 1. pass on 传递 1. suffer from 遭受 1. be interested in sth. 对某事感兴趣 话题句子必备 1. I am willing to volunteer to help others. 我乐意志愿帮助他人。 1. I am familiar with the arts: Chinese dance, calligraphy, music, etc. 我熟悉的艺术形式有中国舞、书法、音乐等。 1. We teach children about different sports and encourage them to exercise. 我们教孩子们不同的运动项目并鼓励他们锻炼。 1. If you are good at sport, or you have taught children to do sport before, please join us as a volunteer! 如果你擅长运动，或者你以前教孩子们运动，请加入我们做一名志愿者吧！ 1. It not only gives me a chance to do something helpful but also makes me understand the importance of love and responsibility. 它不仅给了我一个做有益之事的机会，还让我明白了爱与责任的重要性。 1. From this experience, I have realized a kind word and a bright smile can easily pass on love and warmth. 从这次经历中，我意识到一句友善的话语、一个灿烂的笑容，都能轻易传递爱与温暖。 [话题佳作欣赏] 话题范文必备 范文赏析 Hello, everyone! I am Li Hua. Today my topic is “Work as a Volunteer”. I am glad to share my volunteer story with you. Volunteering is really meaningful. It not only gives me a chance to do something helpful but also makes me understand the importance of love and responsibility. Last month, my friends and I volunteered at a nursing home. The moment we arrived, we noticed that many elderly people suffered from loneliness. So, we actively chatted with them, always keeping warm eye contact and wearing friendly smiles. Besides chatting, we taught them to do simple exercise and make beautiful paper cuttings. We brought joy and peace to their days and truly raised their spirits. From this experience, I have realized a kind word and a bright smile can easily pass on love and warmth. We can do some voluntary work to help people in need and live a more meaningful life! Thank you! ①开篇说明写作意图,紧扣主题,言简意赅,让读者一目了然。 ②短语的使用,让文章表达更地道、简洁且有层次感,避免句子生硬或冗长。 ③运用 teach sb. to do sth. 经典句型,体现作者扎实的英语文字功底。 ④本句用“to help...”和“(to) live...”两个并列的动词不定式作目的状语,明确点出“做志愿者工作”的两个价值——“帮助他人”和“让自己的生活更有意义”。 [话题写作训练] 假如你是Jim，你们学校正在招募志愿者来帮助第五小学的同学们在课后学习中文。请你根据下面的提示，写一篇招募启事，在校广播站广播。 内容包括：1. 你们需要多少志愿者？ 1. 志愿者的工作内容是什么？ 3.志愿者应该擅长什么？ 要求：1.语句通顺、符合逻辑，可适当发挥。 1. 词数 80—100，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 思路点拨 1. 时态：时态为一般现在时； 1. 人称：第一人称； 1. 框架结构： [写作练习] Dear students, Our school is now looking for volunteers to do the volunteer work. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ We’re here waiting for you. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $