Unit6语法专项动词不定式+后缀构词法-2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级上册

教学课件 译林英语八年级上册 Unit6 语法专项 +Word Power 动词不定式+后缀-ing/-ness/-ion构词法 全解精讲+分层练习 1 学习目标 掌握及物动词、不及物动词的定义、用法及句型差异 熟记连系动词分类，熟练运用主系表结构 理解后缀-y构词规则，掌握高频形容词转化 能完成判断、填空、句型转换、单选等多样题型 能在语境中综合运用本单元语法和词汇知识 语法核心一：动词分类 及物动词 vs 不及物动词 核心定义：根据是否需要宾语表达完整含义划分 及物动词（vt.）：含义不完整，必须接宾语才表意完整 不及物动词（vi.）：含义完整，无需宾语即可表达完整意思 兼类动词：部分动词可兼作及物和不及物，需结合语境判断 及物/不及物动词 句型结构表 动词类型 核心句型 句型解析 例句 及物动词 S + V + O（主语+谓语+宾语） 谓语动词需后接宾语补充含义 She likes reading storybooks. 不及物动词 S + V（主语+谓语） 谓语动词单独使用即可表意 The sun rises in the east. 兼类动词 及物：S+V+O；不及物：S+V 语境决定是否接宾语 及物：They play basketball. 不及物：They play outside. 及物动词 用法详解+高频词汇 常见高频及物动词：like、love、have、eat、drink、buy、visit、know 用法特征：后必须接名词、代词等作宾语，否则句子不完整 例句：He bought a new pen yesterday.（bought后接宾语a new pen） She knows the answer to the question.（knows后接宾语the answer） 注意：及物动词后可接名词、代词、不定式、动名词等作宾语 不及物动词 用法详解+高频词汇 常见高频不及物动词：arrive、sleep、walk、run、swim、come、go 用法特征：本身含义完整，无需宾语，可直接作谓语 例句：We walk to school every day.（walk后无宾语，句意完整） The train arrives at 8 o'clock.（arrive后接介词短语表地点，非直接宾语） 注意：不及物动词若需接宾语，需先加介词，再接宾语 兼类动词 用法详解+语境辨析 常见兼类动词：play、study、work、write、read 及物用法：后接宾语，明确动作对象 例句：She studies English hard.（study后接宾语English，及物） 不及物用法：后无宾语，动作对象不明确或无需说明 例句：She studies in the library.（study后无宾语，不及物） 辨析技巧：看动词后是否直接接名词/代词，直接接则为及物 语法核心二：连系动词与主系表结构 核心定义：连系动词（Linking Verb）无实际动作，仅连接主语和表语 表语作用：补充说明主语的状态、特征、身份或性质 主系表句型：S + V + P（主语 + 连系动词 + 表语） 表语形式：常由形容词、名词、介词短语等充当 连系动词分类+高频词汇表 分类 常见连系动词 例句 be动词类 am、is、are、was、were He is a student. / They were happy. 感官类 feel、look、smell、sound、taste The cake tastes delicious. / It sounds good. 变化类 become、get、grow、turn The leaves turn red. / He becomes stronger. 状态类 stay、keep、seem、remain She stays healthy. / It seems easy. 主系表结构 用法详解 1.表状态：主语 + 连系动词 + 形容词/介词短语 例句：The room is clean. / She is in the classroom. 2.表特征：主语 + 连系动词 + 形容词 例句：The flower looks beautiful. / The music sounds wonderful. 3.表身份：主语 + 连系动词 + 名词 例句：He is a doctor. / This is my book. 4.表变化：主语 + 连系动词 + 形容词/名词 例句：The weather gets warm. / She became a teacher. 连系动词 易错点辨析 1.连系动词后接形容词作表语，不可接副词 错误：The food tastes well.（well是副词） 正确：The food tastes good.（good是形容词） 2.部分动词既作连系动词也作实义动词，需结合语境判断 例句：He looks tired.（looks是连系动词，看起来） He looks at the blackboard.（looks是实义动词，看） Word Power 核心：后缀-y 构词法 核心规则：后缀-y加在名词后，构成形容词，表“具有……性质的”“充满……的” 构词特征：不改变词根核心含义，仅改变词性（名词→形容词） 部分特殊变化：以e结尾的名词，去e加-y（如noise→noisy） 适用场景：描述天气、状态、特征等，高频用于写作和口语 后缀-y 高频构词列表 名词 形容词 含义 例句 cloud（云） cloudy 多云的 Today is a cloudy day. wind（风） windy 多风的 Spring is usually windy. rain（雨） rainy 多雨的 Summer is hot and rainy. sun（太阳） sunny 晴朗的 It's sunny today. luck（运气） lucky 幸运的 She is a lucky girl. health（健康） healthy 健康的 Eating vegetables keeps us healthy. sleep（睡眠） sleepy 困倦的 He feels sleepy in class. noise（噪音） noisy 吵闹的 The classroom is noisy. 后缀-y 构词 特殊变化+注意事项 1.以重读闭音节结尾的名词，双写末尾辅音加-y（如fog→foggy） 2.以ie结尾的名词，变ie为y加-y（如lie→liey错误，正确为liary特殊变化，初中阶段重点记常见词） 3.注意词性区分：名词（sun）vs 形容词（sunny） 例句：The sun is bright.（sun名词）/ It's a sunny morning.（sunny形容词） 语法小练1：判断动词类型并分析句型 1.The children are playing. → 动词：（及物/不及物）；句型： 2.He feels happy today. → 动词：（行为/连系）；句型： 3.We visited our grandparents last week. → 动词：（及物/不及物）；句型： 4.The music sounds beautiful. → 动词：（行为/连系）；句型： 5.Birds fly in the sky. → 动词：（及物/不及物）；句型： playing（不及物) S+V feels（连系） S+V+P visited（及物） S+V+O sounds（连系） S+V+P fly（不及物） S+V 语法小练2：连系动词 填空 1.The sky ______________ (be) blue and clear. 2.The cake ______________ (taste) very delicious. 3.He ______________ (become) more confident after the competition. 4.The flowers ______________ (smell) sweet. 5.It ______________ (seem) difficult at first, but it's easy. 6.The leaves ______________ (turn) green in spring. is tastes became smell seems turn 词汇小练：后缀-y 构词 填空 1.It was a ______________ (rain) day, so we stayed at home. 2.The little boy is very ______________ (luck) to win the prize. 3.Don't be ______________ (noise) in the library. 4.She feels ______________ (sleep) because she stayed up late. 5.The ______________ (wind) weather made us feel cold. 6.Eating more fruits is ______________ (health) for us. rainy lucky noisy sleepy windy healthy 句型转换小练（一） 1.Winter arrives in November.（对划线部分提问） ______________ ______________ winter ______________? 2.The weather is cold and windy.（改为否定句） The weather ______________ ______________ cold and windy. 3.My sister likes spring best.（改为一般疑问句） ______________ ______________ sister ______________ spring best? 4.The flowers smell wonderful.（改为否定句） The flowers ______________ ______________ wonderful. When does arrive is not Does your like doesn't smell 句型转换小练（二） 1.They play football after school.（改为否定句） They ______________ ______________ football after school. 2.The leaves turn yellow in autumn.（对划线部分提问） ______________ ______________ the leaves ______________ yellow? 3.He is a tall boy.（改为主系表结构的一般疑问句） ______________ he a tall boy? 4.She walks to school every day.（改为否定句） She ______________ ______________ to school every day. don't play When do turn Is doesn't walk 单项选择小练（一） 从A、B、C、D中选出最佳答案 1.The sun ______________ brightly in the sky. A. shine B. shines C. shining D. shone 2.The food ______________ delicious. I want to eat more. A. taste B. tastes C. tasting D. tasted 3.They ______________ a new house in the city last year. A. buy B. buys C. bought D. buying B B C 4.It is a ______________ day. We can't go out for a picnic. A. rain B. rainy C. raining D. rained 5.The girl ______________ happy because she got a gift. A. feel B. feels C. felt D. feeling 6.He ______________ to the park with his friends every weekend. A. go B. goes C. going D. went B C B 单项选择小练（二） 从A、B、C、D中选出最佳答案 1.The temperature ______________ in summer. A. rise B. rises C. rising D. rose 2.The story ______________ interesting. All the children like it. A. sound B. sounds C. sounding D. sounded 3.My mother ______________ vegetables every morning. A. buy B. buys C. buying D. bought B B B 4.It's ______________ today. Let's fly kites. A. wind B. windy C. winding D. winded 5.She ______________ sad because she failed the exam. A. look B. looks C. looked D. looking 6.The students ______________ English hard every day. A. study B. studies C. studying D. studied B C A 短文填空小练 用括号内单词的正确形式填空 Today is a ______________ (sun) day. The birds ______________ (sing) in the tree. My family and I ______________ (go) to the park. The flowers ______________ (smell) sweet. We ______________ (have) a picnic there. Everyone ______________ (feel) happy. sing go smell have feels sunny 短文填空小练 Autumn is a beautiful season. The weather ______________ (get) cool. The leaves ______________ (turn) red and yellow. Birds ______________ (fly) to the south. People ______________ (like) autumn because it's ______________ (wind) but not cold. My father often ______________ (take) us to pick apples. The apples ______________ (taste) sweet. turn fly like windy takes taste gets 改错题小练 1.The music sounds wonderfully. 错误：______________ 改正：______________ 2.He arrive at school early every morning. 错误：______________ 改正：______________ 3.It is a sun day today. 错误：______________ 改正：______________ wonderfully wonderful arrive arrives sun sunny 4.She looks at tired after a long walk. 错误：______________ 改正：______________ 5.They plays football on the playground. 错误：______________ 改正：______________ 6.The food taste good. 错误：______________ 改正：______________ 去掉at plays play taste tastes 单元重点 易混点辨析 1.及物vs不及物动词：及物必须接宾语，不及物可单独作谓语 2.连系动词vs实义动词：连系动词后接形容词，实义动词后接副词修饰 3.后缀-y构词：名词+(-y)→形容词，部分需去e（noise→noisy） 4.主谓宾vs主系表：主谓宾表动作，主系表表状态/特征 5.动词三单：主语是第三人称单数时，动词需变相应形式 单元核心 知识梳理 1.动词分类：及物（S+V+O）、不及物（S+V）、兼类动词，结合语境判断 2.主系表结构：连系动词（be/感官/变化/状态类）+ 表语（形/名/介词短语） 3.构词法：名词+后缀-y→形容词，表“具有……性质”，高频描述天气和状态 4.核心考点：动词类型判断、主系表结构运用、后缀-y构词、动词三单变化 5.解题技巧：先判断动词类型/句型，再根据规则确定单词形式 教学课件 Unit6 语法专项 +Word Power 动词分类+基本句型+后缀-y构词法 Thank you for listening! 30 $