专题01 名词与代词（专题专练）（天津专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

专题01 名词和代词 目录 第一部分 风向速递 洞察考向，感知前沿 第二部分 分层突破 固本培优，精准提分 A组·保分基础练 题型01名词和代词考点综合练（单句语法填空）（原创&最新模拟） 题型02名词和代词考点综合练（单项选择）（最新模拟&原创） B组·抢分能力练 题型03重难创新练（语法填空） 第三部分 真题验证 对标高考，感悟考法 1．【考查名词复数及固定搭配】（2025·天津市河北区高三期中）The local government has introduced a series of measures to protect the cultural relics, including repairing old buildings and collecting traditional ______ (craft) made by local artisans. 2．【考查不定代词】（2025·天津市和平区高三二模）—Do you have ______ specific plan for the coming winter vacation? —Not yet. But I’m going to spend ______ meaningful time with my family. A．a; aB．the; /C．a; /D．the; a 3．【考查指示代词】（2025·天津市南开区高三质量监测）The new bridge across the Haihe River is much wider than ______ built last decade, which greatly improves traffic conditions. A．it B．that C．those D．one 01名词核心考点练（单句语法填空） 1．With the development of digital technology, more and more people prefer online shopping for its convenience and various ______ (choose). 2．（2025·天津市红桥区高三月考）The ______ (discover) of new energy sources has greatly changed the pattern of global energy use. 3．To our surprise, the ______ (major) of the students in our class are in favor of the new school rule. 4．（2025·天津市滨海新区高三联考）The ______ (govern) has taken effective measures to deal with the environmental pollution in the industrial area. 5．As a ______ (music), she has composed many popular songs that are loved by young people. 6．（2025·天津市河东区高三二模）We need to improve our ______ (communicate) skills to get along better with people around us. 7．The ______ (long) of the Yangtze River is about 6,300 kilometers, making it the longest river in Asia. 8．（2025·天津市蓟州区高三学情调研）The ______ (safe) of students is the top priority for schools and parents. 9．There are many ______ (different) between Chinese and Western cultures, which leads to different lifestyles. 10．（2025·天津市宝坻区九校联考）The ______ (celebrate) of the school’s 100th anniversary will be held next month. 02代词核心考点练（单句语法填空） 1．—Who is knocking at the door? —It must be ______ from the delivery company. I ordered a package yesterday. 2．（2025·天津市第一中学高三月考）My sister has lost ______ favorite necklace, and she is looking for it everywhere. 3．The two books are both interesting, but I think ______ one is more suitable for children. 4．（2025·天津市第五十四中学高三月考）—Which of the two jackets do you prefer? —______. I think they are both too expensive. A．None B．Neither C．All D．Both 5．The old man lives alone, but he never feels lonely because his neighbors often help ______. 6．（2025·天津市南仓中学高三月考）______ is important for us to form good study habits during our high school years. 7．—Did you finish reading the novel? —No, I only read ______ of it. It’s too long. 8．（2025·天津市蓟州区第一中学高三调研）______ of the students in the class has a mobile phone, which helps them keep in touch with their parents. 9．The little girl is old enough to dress ______ now. Her parents are very proud of her. 10．（2025·天津市河北区高三质量检测）The weather in Tianjin is different from ______ in Guangzhou. It’s much drier in winter. 03 名词代词综合练（单项选择） 1．（2025·天津市新华中学高三模拟）—What do you think of the ______ of the new library? —It’s amazing. The design combines traditional and modern ______. A．work; styles B．construction; patterns C．building; forms D．structure; ways 2．______ is known to all, ______ proper use of digital devices can help improve our study efficiency. A．As; the B．It; the C．As; / D．It; / 3．（2025·天津市耀华中学高三检测）—I can’t find my English textbook. Have you seen it? —Is it ______ one with a red cover? I saw someone pick up ______ such book in the classroom just now. A．a; the B．the; a C．a; a D．the; the 4．The number of foreign tourists visiting Tianjin ______ increased greatly in recent years, and ______ of them are from Southeast Asia. A．has; two-thirds B．have; two-third C．has; two-third D．have; two-thirds 5．（2025·天津市十二区重点学校联考）______ makes the film so special is that it tells ______ moving story about ______ love between a mother and her son. A．What; a; the B．That; a; / C．What; the; the D．That; the; / 6．—Which do you think is more important, ______ wealth or ______ health? —Health, of course. Without ______ healthy body, you can’t enjoy ______ wealth you have. A．/; /; a; the B．the; the; a; / C．/; the; the; the D．the; /; the; / 7．（2025·天津市宝坻区九校联考）The manager asked ______ of the employees to finish ______ task before Friday, which made ______ quite stressed. A．every; their; them B．each; his; him C．every; his; him D．each; their; them 8．—I heard that ______ of the students in your class won the English competition. —Yes, ______ three students got the first prize, which made our teacher very happy. A．a number; the B．the number; / C．a number; / D．the number; the Passage 1（名词代词专练） （2025·天津名校高三联考改编）In modern society, people pay more and more attention to mental health. Many factors can affect a person’s mental state, such as work pressure, family relationships and ______ (person) experiences. It is important for everyone to find ways to relax ______. For example, some people like to listen to music, while ______ prefer to do sports. ______ is also helpful to share ______ feelings with friends or family members. When facing difficulties, we should not lose heart. Instead, we should believe in ______ and try our best to overcome them. In addition, participating in community activities can help us make new friends and enrich our ______ (life). All in all, taking care of our mental health is as important as taking care of our physical health. Passage 1（名词代词专练） Tianjin is a beautiful city with a long history. There are many famous scenic spots here, such as the Tianjin Eye, Ancient Culture Street and Five Great Avenues. Every year, thousands of ______ (tourist) from home and abroad come to visit ______. The local government has done a lot to protect the cultural heritage and improve the environment. ______ is worth mentioning that the food in Tianjin is very famous. ______ (dish) like Goubuli steamed buns and Mahua are loved by people of all ages. If you have the chance to come to Tianjin, you should try ______ all. Besides, the people in Tianjin are very friendly. They are always ready to help ______ who are in trouble. ______ (visit) Tianjin will be an unforgettable experience for ______. 一、单项选择 1．（2025·天津·高考真题）The children are encouraged to follow their natural , and learn about what interests them. A．curiosity B．balance C．defence D．limitation 2．（2023·天津·高考真题）The British romantic poet William Wordsworth grew up in the Lake District,which was a great ________ of inspiration for his poems. A．discovery B．form C．source D．symbol 3．（2023·天津·高考真题）The bottle is quite difficult to open; the _________ is to pour hot water on it first. A．focus B．target C．function D．trick 4．（2022·天津·高考真题）When people are depressed, some experience a loss of________ while others can’t stop eating. A．appetite B．power C．memory D．sight 5．（2021·天津·高考真题）In the lab, keeping things clean and organized can help provide a safer ________. A．system B．method C．investment D．environment 6．（2021·天津·高考真题）Great improvements in public health have been brought about by ________ in medical science. A．traditions B．advances C．pressures D．examples 7．（2020·天津·高考真题）His vivid descriptions of country life quickly became popular, which established his _____________as one of America's greatest writers. A．trust B．contact C．reputation D．theory 8．（2025·天津·高考真题）Equipped with modern facilities, today’s libraries differ greatly from________ of the past. A．that B．one C．those D．ones 9．（2023·天津·高考真题）I really want to go to a place for the summer vacation, ________ especially with beautiful scenery and unique culture. A．it B．that C．this D．one 10．（2019·天津·高考真题）A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than _________who are not. A．ones B．those C．these D．them 11．（2018·天津·高考真题）Professional skills are tools like a knife or a hammer. You need ______ to complete the things you want to do. A．it B．that C．them D．ones 12．（2015·天津·高考真题）The quality of education in this small school is better than ______ in some larger schools. A．that B．one C．it D．this 13．（2013·天津·高考真题）At our factory there are a few machines similar to ________ described in this magazine. A．them B．these C．those D．ones 10 / 11 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 名词和代词 目录 第一部分 风向速递 洞察考向，感知前沿 第二部分 分层突破 固本培优，精准提分 A组·保分基础练 题型01名词和代词考点综合练（单句语法填空）（原创&最新模拟） 题型02名词和代词考点综合练（单项选择）（最新模拟&原创） B组·抢分能力练 题型03重难创新练（语法填空） 第三部分 真题验证 对标高考，感悟考法 1．【考查名词复数及固定搭配】（2025·天津市河北区高三期中）The local government has introduced a series of measures to protect the cultural relics, including repairing old buildings and collecting traditional ______ (craft) made by local artisans. 【答案】crafts 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：当地政府推出了一系列保护文物的措施，包括修复古建筑和收集当地工匠制作的传统工艺品。craft表示“工艺品”时为可数名词，根据语境可知此处应用复数形式，故填crafts。 2．【考查不定代词】（2025·天津市和平区高三二模）—Do you have ______ specific plan for the coming winter vacation? —Not yet. But I’m going to spend ______ meaningful time with my family. A．a; aB．the; /C．a; /D．the; a 【答案】C 【解析】考查冠词和不定代词相关用法。第一空表示“一个具体的计划”，specific以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a；第二空time表示“时间”为不可数名词，前面不加冠词，meaningful作定语修饰time，故选C。 3．【考查指示代词】（2025·天津市南开区高三质量监测）The new bridge across the Haihe River is much wider than ______ built last decade, which greatly improves traffic conditions. A．it B．that C．those D．one 【答案】B 【解析】考查指示代词。句意：这座横跨海河的新桥比十年前建的那座宽得多，这极大地改善了交通状况。that指代前文提到的单数可数名词bridge，且有后置定语built last decade，表特指；it指代同名同物；those指代复数名词；one指代泛指的单数可数名词，故选B。 01名词核心考点练（单句语法填空） 1．With the development of digital technology, more and more people prefer online shopping for its convenience and various ______ (choose). 【答案】choices 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：随着数字技术的发展，越来越多的人喜欢网上购物，因为它方便且有各种各样的选择。various后接可数名词复数，choose的名词形式为choice，故填choices。 2．（2025·天津市红桥区高三月考）The ______ (discover) of new energy sources has greatly changed the pattern of global energy use. 【答案】discovery 【解析】考查名词。句意：新能源的发现极大地改变了全球能源使用格局。设空处作主语，应用名词形式，discover的名词为discovery，此处为单数概念，故填discovery。 3．To our surprise, the ______ (major) of the students in our class are in favor of the new school rule. 【答案】majority 【解析】考查名词。句意：令我们惊讶的是，我们班大多数学生都赞成新校规。the majority of为固定搭配，意为“大多数……”，故填majority。 4．（2025·天津市滨海新区高三联考）The ______ (govern) has taken effective measures to deal with the environmental pollution in the industrial area. 【答案】government 【解析】考查名词。句意：政府已采取有效措施处理工业区的环境污染。设空处作主语，应用名词形式，govern的名词为government，此处为单数概念，故填government。 5．As a ______ (music), she has composed many popular songs that are loved by young people. 【答案】musician 【解析】考查名词。句意：作为一名音乐家，她创作了许多受年轻人喜爱的流行歌曲。根据句意可知此处表示“音乐家”，music的名词形式为musician，前面有不定冠词a，故填musician。 6．（2025·天津市河东区高三二模）We need to improve our ______ (communicate) skills to get along better with people around us. 【答案】communication 【解析】考查名词。句意：我们需要提高沟通技巧，以便更好地与周围的人相处。设空处作定语修饰skills，应用名词形式，communicate的名词为communication，故填communication。 7．The ______ (long) of the Yangtze River is about 6,300 kilometers, making it the longest river in Asia. 【答案】length 【解析】考查名词。句意：长江的长度约为6300公里，是亚洲最长的河流。设空处作主语，应用名词形式，long的名词为length，故填length。 8．（2025·天津市蓟州区高三学情调研）The ______ (safe) of students is the top priority for schools and parents. 【答案】safety 【解析】考查名词。句意：学生的安全是学校和家长的首要任务。设空处作主语，应用名词形式，safe的名词为safety，故填safety。 9．There are many ______ (different) between Chinese and Western cultures, which leads to different lifestyles. 【答案】differences 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：中西方文化之间有许多差异，这导致了不同的生活方式。many后接可数名词复数，different的名词形式为difference，故填differences。 10．（2025·天津市宝坻区九校联考）The ______ (celebrate) of the school’s 100th anniversary will be held next month. 【答案】celebration 【解析】考查名词。句意：学校百年校庆将于下个月举行。设空处作主语，应用名词形式，celebrate的名词为celebration，此处为单数概念，故填celebration。 02代词核心考点练（单句语法填空） 1．—Who is knocking at the door? —It must be ______ from the delivery company. I ordered a package yesterday. 【答案】someone/somebody 【解析】考查不定代词。句意：——谁在敲门？——一定是快递公司的人。我昨天订了一个包裹。someone/somebody表示“某人”，符合语境，故填someone/somebody。 2．（2025·天津市第一中学高三月考）My sister has lost ______ favorite necklace, and she is looking for it everywhere. 【答案】her 【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：我姐姐弄丢了她最喜欢的项链，她正在到处找。设空处修饰名词necklace，应用形容词性物主代词，根据主语My sister可知填her。 3．The two books are both interesting, but I think ______ one is more suitable for children. 【答案】the latter 【解析】考查不定代词。句意：这两本书都很有趣，但我认为后者更适合孩子们。the latter表示“后者”，对应前面的two books，故填the latter。 4．（2025·天津市第五十四中学高三月考）—Which of the two jackets do you prefer? —______. I think they are both too expensive. A．None B．Neither C．All D．Both 【答案】B 【解析】考查不定代词。句意：——这两件夹克你更喜欢哪一件？——都不喜欢。我觉得它们都太贵了。neither表示“两者都不”，符合语境；none表示三者及以上都不；all表示三者及以上都；both表示两者都，故选B。 5．The old man lives alone, but he never feels lonely because his neighbors often help ______. 【答案】him 【解析】考查人称代词宾格。句意：这位老人独自生活，但他从不感到孤独，因为他的邻居们经常帮助他。设空处作help的宾语，应用宾格形式，故填him。 6．（2025·天津市南仓中学高三月考）______ is important for us to form good study habits during our high school years. 【答案】It 【解析】考查形式主语。句意：在高中阶段养成良好的学习习惯对我们来说很重要。It为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语to form good study habits，故填It。 7．—Did you finish reading the novel? —No, I only read ______ of it. It’s too long. 【答案】part 【解析】考查不定代词相关用法。句意：——你读完那本小说了吗？——没有，我只读了一部分。它太长了。part of表示“一部分”，符合语境，故填part。 8．（2025·天津市蓟州区第一中学高三调研）______ of the students in the class has a mobile phone, which helps them keep in touch with their parents. 【答案】Each 【解析】考查不定代词。句意：班里的每个学生都有一部手机，这有助于他们与父母保持联系。each of+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数，符合语境；every不能与of连用，故填Each。 9．The little girl is old enough to dress ______ now. Her parents are very proud of her. 【答案】herself 【解析】考查反身代词。句意：这个小女孩现在已经大到可以自己穿衣服了。她的父母为她感到非常骄傲。dress oneself表示“自己穿衣服”，根据主语The little girl可知填herself。 10．（2025·天津市河北区高三质量检测）The weather in Tianjin is different from ______ in Guangzhou. It’s much drier in winter. 【答案】that 【解析】考查指示代词。句意：天津的天气与广州的不同。冬天这里干燥得多。that指代前文提到的不可数名词weather，避免重复，故填that。 03 名词代词综合练（单项选择） 1．（2025·天津市新华中学高三模拟）—What do you think of the ______ of the new library? —It’s amazing. The design combines traditional and modern ______. A．work; styles B．construction; patterns C．building; forms D．structure; ways 【答案】B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：——你觉得新图书馆的建筑怎么样？——太令人惊叹了。这个设计融合了传统和现代的风格。第一空construction表示“建筑”；第二空pattern表示“风格，样式”，符合语境；work表示“作品”；style表示“风格”，但第一空building为可数名词，前面需加冠词；form表示“形式”；way表示“方式”，故选B。 2．______ is known to all, ______ proper use of digital devices can help improve our study efficiency. A．As; the B．It; the C．As; / D．It; / 【答案】A 【解析】考查定语从句和冠词。句意：众所周知，正确使用数字设备有助于提高我们的学习效率。第一空as引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如”；第二空the proper use of为固定搭配，表示“正确使用……”，故选A。 3．（2025·天津市耀华中学高三检测）—I can’t find my English textbook. Have you seen it? —Is it ______ one with a red cover? I saw someone pick up ______ such book in the classroom just now. A．a; the B．the; a C．a; a D．the; the 【答案】B 【解析】考查冠词和不定代词。句意：——我找不到我的英语课本了。你见过吗？——是那本红色封面的吗？我刚才看到有人在教室里捡起了一本这样的书。第一空表示特指“红色封面的课本”，用定冠词the；第二空表示泛指“一本这样的书”，such a+名词，故选B。 4．The number of foreign tourists visiting Tianjin ______ increased greatly in recent years, and ______ of them are from Southeast Asia. A．has; two-thirds B．have; two-third C．has; two-third D．have; two-thirds 【答案】A 【解析】考查主谓一致和分数表达。句意：近年来，来天津旅游的外国游客数量大幅增加，其中三分之二来自东南亚。the number of作主语，谓语动词用单数；分数的表达为分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于一时分母用复数，故选A。 5．（2025·天津市十二区重点学校联考）______ makes the film so special is that it tells ______ moving story about ______ love between a mother and her son. A．What; a; the B．That; a; / C．What; the; the D．That; the; / 【答案】A 【解析】考查名词性从句、冠词。句意：这部电影之所以特别，是因为它讲述了一个关于母子之间的爱的感人故事。第一空what引导主语从句，在从句中作主语；第二空表示“一个感人的故事”，moving以辅音音素开头，用a；第三空特指“母子之间的爱”，用the，故选A。 6．—Which do you think is more important, ______ wealth or ______ health? —Health, of course. Without ______ healthy body, you can’t enjoy ______ wealth you have. A．/; /; a; the B．the; the; a; / C．/; the; the; the D．the; /; the; / 【答案】A 【解析】考查冠词。句意：——你认为财富和健康哪个更重要？——当然是健康。没有一个健康的身体，你就无法享受你所拥有的财富。wealth和health为不可数名词，前面不加冠词；第三空表示“一个健康的身体”，用a；第四空特指“你所拥有的财富”，用the，故选A。 7．（2025·天津市宝坻区九校联考）The manager asked ______ of the employees to finish ______ task before Friday, which made ______ quite stressed. A．every; their; them B．each; his; him C．every; his; him D．each; their; them 【答案】D 【解析】考查不定代词和人称代词。句意：经理要求每位员工在周五前完成他们的任务，这让他们压力很大。each可与of连用，every不能；第二空指代employees，用their；第三空作make的宾语，用them，故选D。 8．—I heard that ______ of the students in your class won the English competition. —Yes, ______ three students got the first prize, which made our teacher very happy. A．a number; the B．the number; / C．a number; / D．the number; the 【答案】C 【解析】考查固定短语和冠词。句意：——我听说你们班有许多学生赢得了英语竞赛。——是的，三个学生获得了一等奖，这让我们的老师非常高兴。a number of表示“许多”，后接复数名词；three students表示泛指，前面不加冠词；the number of表示“……的数量”，不符合语境，故选C。 Passage 1（名词代词专练） （2025·天津名校高三联考改编）In modern society, people pay more and more attention to mental health. Many factors can affect a person’s mental state, such as work pressure, family relationships and ______ (person) experiences. It is important for everyone to find ways to relax ______. For example, some people like to listen to music, while ______ prefer to do sports. ______ is also helpful to share ______ feelings with friends or family members. When facing difficulties, we should not lose heart. Instead, we should believe in ______ and try our best to overcome them. In addition, participating in community activities can help us make new friends and enrich our ______ (life). All in all, taking care of our mental health is as important as taking care of our physical health. 1．personal 考查形容词。句意：许多因素会影响一个人的精神状态，比如工作压力、家庭关系和个人经历。设空处修饰名词experiences，应用形容词形式，故填personal。 2．oneself 考查反身代词。句意：对每个人来说，找到放松自己的方法很重要。relax oneself表示“放松自己”，根据everyone可知填oneself。 3．others 考查不定代词。句意：例如，有些人喜欢听音乐，而另一些人更喜欢做运动。others表示“另一些人”，与前面的some对应，故填others。 4．It 考查形式主语。句意：与朋友或家人分享自己的感受也很有帮助。It为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语，故填It。 5．our 考查形容词性物主代词。句意同上。设空处修饰名词feelings，根据语境可知填our。 6．ourselves 考查反身代词。句意：相反，我们应该相信自己，尽最大努力克服它们。believe in oneself表示“相信自己”，根据主语we可知填ourselves。 7．lives 考查名词复数。句意：此外，参加社区活动可以帮助我们结交新朋友，丰富我们的生活。life表示“生活”时为可数名词，根据our可知应用复数形式，故填lives。 Passage 1（名词代词专练） Tianjin is a beautiful city with a long history. There are many famous scenic spots here, such as the Tianjin Eye, Ancient Culture Street and Five Great Avenues. Every year, thousands of ______ (tourist) from home and abroad come to visit ______. The local government has done a lot to protect the cultural heritage and improve the environment. ______ is worth mentioning that the food in Tianjin is very famous. ______ (dish) like Goubuli steamed buns and Mahua are loved by people of all ages. If you have the chance to come to Tianjin, you should try ______ all. Besides, the people in Tianjin are very friendly. They are always ready to help ______ who are in trouble. ______ (visit) Tianjin will be an unforgettable experience for ______. 1．tourists 考查名词复数。句意：每年，成千上万的国内外游客来这里参观。thousands of后接可数名词复数，故填tourists。 2．it 考查代词。句意同上。it指代前文提到的Tianjin，故填it。 3．It 考查形式主语。句意：值得一提的是，天津的食物非常有名。It is worth mentioning that...为固定句型，it为形式主语，故填It。 4．Dishes 考查名词复数。句意：像狗不理包子和麻花这样的菜肴深受各个年龄段的人的喜爱。dish为可数名词，根据后面的are可知应用复数形式，故填Dishes。 5．them 考查人称代词宾格。句意：如果你有机会来天津，你应该都尝尝它们。设空处作try的宾语，指代前面的dishes，故填them。 6．those 考查不定代词。句意：他们总是愿意帮助那些有困难的人。those指代“那些人”，后面接定语从句who are in trouble，故填those。 7．Visiting 考查动名词。句意：参观天津对任何人来说都将是一次难忘的经历。设空处作主语，应用动名词形式，故填Visiting。 8．anyone/anybody 考查不定代词。句意同上。anyone/anybody表示“任何人”，符合语境，故填anyone/anybody。 一、单项选择 1．（2025·天津·高考真题）The children are encouraged to follow their natural , and learn about what interests them. A．curiosity B．balance C．defence D．limitation 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子们被鼓励去追随自己天生的好奇心，去探索他们感兴趣的事物。A. curiosity好奇心；B. balance平衡；C. defence防御；D. limitation限制。根据后文“and learn about what interests them”指鼓励孩子追随自己的好奇心。故选A。 2．（2023·天津·高考真题）The British romantic poet William Wordsworth grew up in the Lake District,which was a great ________ of inspiration for his poems. A．discovery B．form C．source D．symbol 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：英国浪漫主义诗人威廉·华兹华斯在湖区长大，湖区是他诗歌创作的重要源泉。A. discovery发现；B. form形式；C. source来源，源泉；D. symbol象征。由下文“of inspiration for his poems.”可知，湖区是他诗歌创作的重要源泉。故选C。 3．（2023·天津·高考真题）The bottle is quite difficult to open; the _________ is to pour hot water on it first. A．focus B．target C．function D．trick 【答案】D 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个瓶子很难打开；诀窍是先把热水倒在上面。A. focus焦点；B. target目标；C. function功能；D. trick诀窍。由“pour hot water on it first”可知，空格处应表达“诀窍”，故用trick，作主语。故选D。 4．（2022·天津·高考真题）When people are depressed, some experience a loss of________ while others can’t stop eating. A．appetite B．power C．memory D．sight 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当人们郁闷时，有些人会失去食欲，而有些人却忍不住暴饮暴食。A. appetite食欲；B. power权利；C. memory记忆；D. sight视力。结合后文while others can’t stop eating表示对比，可知，前文表意与暴饮暴食相反，即毫无食欲。A项符合句意。故选A项。 5．（2021·天津·高考真题）In the lab, keeping things clean and organized can help provide a safer ________. A．system B．method C．investment D．environment 【答案】D 【详解】考查名词。句意：在实验室里，保持物品的清洁和有序有助于提供一个更安全的环境。A. system体系，系统；B. method方法；C. investment投资；D. environment环境。根据常识可知，保持物品清洁有序可以创造更安全的实验环境（environment）。故选D项。 6．（2021·天津·高考真题）Great improvements in public health have been brought about by ________ in medical science. A．traditions B．advances C．pressures D．examples 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：医学的进步带来了公共健康的巨大改善。A. traditions传统；B. advances前进，进步；C. pressures压力；D. examples例子。根据上文“Great improvements in public health have been brought about”可知，公共健康的巨大改善是由医学的进步带来的，advances符合语境。故选B。 7．（2020·天津·高考真题）His vivid descriptions of country life quickly became popular, which established his _____________as one of America's greatest writers. A．trust B．contact C．reputation D．theory 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对乡村生活的生动描述迅速流行起来，这树立了他作为美国伟大作家之一的声誉。A. trust信任；B. contact联系；C. reputation声誉；D. theory理论。根据句意，尤其是greatest writers可知此处用reputation“声誉”符合语境，故选C项。 8．（2025·天津·高考真题）Equipped with modern facilities, today’s libraries differ greatly from________ of the past. A．that B．one C．those D．ones 【答案】C 【详解】考查代词辨析。句意：如今的图书馆配备了现代化的设施，与过去的图书馆相比有了很大的不同。A. that那个；B. one一个；C. those那些；D. ones泛指复数可数名词。指代前文的复数名词“libraries”，为特指用those。故选C。 9．（2023·天津·高考真题）I really want to go to a place for the summer vacation, ________ especially with beautiful scenery and unique culture. A．it B．that C．this D．one 【答案】D 【详解】考查代词辨析。句意：我真的很想去一个地方过暑假，一个特别美丽的风景和独特的文化。A. it它；B. that那个；C. this这个；D. one一个。分析句子，此处表示泛指过暑假的地方，one指代的刚提到过的同一类人或物。故选D。 10．（2019·天津·高考真题）A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than _________who are not. A．ones B．those C．these D．them 【答案】B 【详解】考查代词。句意：一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。空格处代词与the students是对应关系，可以用the ones或者those替代。“them”指代的是前边提到的复数名词，不能与the students形成对应关系。“these”一般不用定语从句修饰。故选B。 11．（2018·天津·高考真题）Professional skills are tools like a knife or a hammer. You need ______ to complete the things you want to do. A．it B．that C．them D．ones 【答案】C 【详解】考查代词。句意：专业技能是像刀或锤子这样的工具。你需要它们来完成你想做的事情。分析句子可知，them代指前文的tools。故选C项。 12．（2015·天津·高考真题）The quality of education in this small school is better than ______ in some larger schools. A．that B．one C．it D．this 【答案】A 【详解】考查代词。句意：这所小学校的教育质量要好于一些大学校。句中代词代指不可数名词the quality of education，故用代词that。代词it和one都代指可数名词单数。故选A。代词it, one和that都可指代前面提到的名词。一般说来，it指代同名同物；one与that则指代同名异物，但one为泛指，相当于a／an＋名词，只可代指可数名词；that为特指，相当于the＋名词，可以代指不可数名词。one既可代替事物，也可代替人，that只能代替事物而不能代替人。掌握好这些知识就不难选出答案。 13．（2013·天津·高考真题）At our factory there are a few machines similar to ________ described in this magazine. A．them B．these C．those D．ones 【答案】C 【详解】考查代词。句意：在我们厂里，有一些机器类似于杂志里描述的那些机器。句中比较的是machines，是复数名词，可用those或ones代替。再根据空格后的过去分词短语作后置定语修饰这一代词，知表示的是特指，故用those。ones表示的是泛指。故选C项。 1 / 25 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $