阅读理解二（推理判断、词句猜测）-2026年重庆市（高职分类考试）《英语45分钟训练卷》第14卷（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：2026年重庆市（高职分类考试）《英语45分钟训练卷》，由16份专题训练卷与4份综合训练卷组成。试卷通过具象化拆解核心考点、搭建系统知识网络、场景化训练强调知识应用，从而做到降低学习门槛、巩固知识体系、强化实战能力，全方位适配学生备考需求。 本试卷是2026年重庆市（高职分类考试）《英语45分钟训练卷》的第14卷，为题型专题训练卷。 。 2026年重庆市（高职分类考试）《英语45分钟训练卷》 第14卷 题型专题训练卷 考试时间：45分钟 满分：100分 一、阅读理解 (共40小题；每小题2.5分，满分100分) （1） When I was in high school, I had a history teacher who made a profound impact on my life. Mr. Thompson was not like any other teacher I had ever known. He didn‘t just stand at the front of the classroom and lecture from a textbook. Instead, he brought history to life. He would dress up as historical figures and speak to us as if he were actually that person. One day he was Thomas Jefferson, debating the merits of the Constitution; the next, he was Winston Churchill, rallying us against the threat of Nazi Germany. His classes were electric. Students who usually slept through other classes were on the edge of their seats, eager to ask questions and engage in debates. Mr. Thompson made us feel like we were part of history, not just passive observers. He once told us, “History isn‘t about memorizing dates and names. It’s about understanding people, their motivations, and the consequences of their actions.” Years later, I realize that Mr. Thompson taught me more than just history. He taught me how to think critically, how to see the world from different perspectives, and how to be passionate about learning. I often wonder if he knows how many lives he touched. I suspect he does. 1.What can be inferred about other teachers at the author‘s school? A. They were more popular than Mr. Thompson. B. They mainly taught in a traditional, lecture-based way. C. They often dressed up as historical figures. D. They focused on developing students’ critical thinking. 2.Why were students “on the edge of their seats” (Paragraph 2)? A. They were physically uncomfortable. B. They were bored by the lecture. C. They were extremely interested and engaged. D. They were waiting for the class to end. 3.What can be inferred about Mr. Thompson‘s teaching philosophy? A. Rote memorization is the key to learning history. B. Students should be passive receivers of knowledge. C. History should be experienced, not just memorized. D. Historical facts are more important than human motivations. 4.What does the author mean by saying “I suspect he does” in the last sentence? A. The author doubts Mr. Thompson‘s awareness. B. Mr. Thompson probably knows his impact on students. C. The author plans to tell Mr. Thompson about his impact. D. Mr. Thompson wonders how many lives he touched. 5.What is the main purpose of this passage? A. To describe the life of a great historical figure. B. To argue for the importance of studying history. C. To share a personal story about an influential teacher. D. To compare different teaching methods in high school. （2） In recent years, the term “phubbing” has entered our vocabulary. It describes the act of snubbing someone in a social setting by looking at your phone instead of paying attention to them. Imagine you are at a dinner table with friends, and while you are trying to tell a story, they are scrolling through Instagram or checking emails. You, my friend, are being “phubbed.” While it may seem like a harmless, modern habit, studies are beginning to show that phubbing can have serious consequences for relationships. A 2015 study found that phubbing had a negative effect on the quality of a couple‘s relationship, leading to increased conflict and lower levels of relationship satisfaction. The person being ignored feels devalued and unimportant, as if their presence doesn’t matter as much as a digital notification. The problem is particularly acute among younger generations, who have grown up with smartphones. For them, the boundary between the online world and the offline world is often blurred. However, the need for genuine human connection remains as strong as ever. When that need is consistently unmet due to a partner‘s smartphone addiction, it can create a deep sense of loneliness and resentment. So, the next time you’re with someone, try putting your phone away. That notification can wait. The person sitting in front of you, however, deserves your full, undivided attention. After all, a little eye contact can go a long way. 6.The word “phubbing” in Paragraph 1 is created by combining which two concepts? A. Phone and ignoring. B. Physical and rubbing. C. Public and snubbing. D. Photo and dubbing. 7.What can be inferred about the impact of phubbing on a relationship? A. It can strengthen the bond between partners. B. It is a harmless habit that people will get used to. C. It can lead to feelings of being undervalued. D. It mainly affects younger generations. 8.What does the author imply about younger generations and smartphones? A. They are better at balancing online and offline life. B. They have a weaker need for genuine human connection. C. They may not clearly distinguish between virtual and real life. D. They are the only group affected by the phubbing phenomenon. 9.The phrase “a little eye contact can go a long way” in the last sentence suggests that ______. A. eye contact can help you see farther B. small acts of attention can greatly improve relationships C. looking at someone‘s eyes is a long journey D. it’s better to avoid eye contact with strangers 10.What is the author‘s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To criticize the smartphone industry. B. To coin a new English term. C. To raise awareness about the negative effects of phubbing. D. To compare online and offline communication. （3） For decades, environmentalists have urged us to “think globally, act locally.” The idea is that while global problems like climate change can seem overwhelming, our individual actions—recycling, reducing energy use—can collectively make a difference. But is this message still effective? Some critics now argue that it places too much responsibility on the individual and lets big corporations off the hook. Consider the issue of plastic pollution. We are constantly told to use reusable bags and avoid plastic straws. While these are positive steps, they distract from the fact that just a handful of companies are responsible for a massive percentage of the world‘s plastic waste. These corporations have the resources to redesign packaging and invest in new technologies, yet they often choose not to, instead funding public awareness campaigns that shift the blame onto consumers. This isn’t to say that individual actions are meaningless. They are not. They send a powerful signal to the market and can build momentum for larger change. However, focusing solely on individual responsibility can create a sense of guilt and hopelessness when people feel their efforts are dwarfed by the scale of the problem. A more effective approach might be to channel that individual energy into collective action—advocating for policy changes, supporting sustainable businesses, and holding corporations accountable. 11.The phrase “lets big corporations off the hook” in Paragraph 1 most probably means ______. A. helps big corporations to grow B. allows big corporations to avoid responsibility C. encourages big corporations to compete D. forces big corporations to change 12.What can be inferred about the plastic pollution problem? A. Individual actions like using reusable bags are ineffective. B. Consumers are solely to blame for the pollution. C. A few large companies contribute significantly to the waste. D. Corporations are actively redesigning their packaging. 13.Why do corporations fund public awareness campaigns, according to the author? A. To genuinely educate the public about pollution. B. To make consumers feel guilty about their actions. C. To redirect the focus away from corporate responsibility. D. To compete with other companies in the market. 14.What is the author‘s attitude towards individual actions? A. They are useless and should be abandoned. B. They are valuable but not a complete solution. C. They are the most important factor in change. D. They are harmful if not done perfectly. 15.What does the author suggest as a more effective solution to environmental problems? A. Relying on individual efforts like recycling. B. Ignoring the problem as it’s too overwhelming. C. Combining personal actions with policy advocacy. D. Letting corporations handle the issue on their own. （4） I was cycling home late one evening when I noticed a figure ahead. As I got closer, I saw it was an elderly woman, struggling to carry two heavy bags of groceries. She would take a few steps, stop to rest, and then continue. Without much thought, I stopped my bike and asked if she needed help. She looked at me, a little surprised, and then a warm smile spread across her face. “That would be lovely, dear,” she said. I took her bags and walked with her. It was only a ten-minute walk to her apartment, but in that time, we talked. She told me about her husband, who had passed away two years ago, and how she still cooked for two out of habit. She talked about her children, who lived in another city and were too busy to visit often. When we reached her door, she thanked me and insisted on giving me a homemade cookie from one of her bags. As I cycled away, I felt an unexpected warmth in my heart. I had only given up ten minutes of my time, but the look of gratitude on her face and the connection we made in that short walk was priceless. It struck me that in our busy, digital world, we often overlook the simple power of human kindness. 16. Why did the woman look “a little surprised” when the author offered to help? A. She was afraid of strangers at night. B. She didn‘t expect a stranger to stop and offer help. C. She thought the author wanted to steal her groceries. D. She recognized the author from somewhere. 17. What can be inferred about the woman‘s life? A. She is living a happy and fulfilling life. B. She is well taken care of by her children. C. She is likely feeling lonely after her husband‘s death. D. She has many friends in her neighborhood. 18. The phrase “struck me” in the last paragraph most probably means ______. A. hit me physically B. surprised me C. suddenly occurred to me D. disappointed me 19. What did the author gain from this experience? A. A free cookie. B. A sense of pride for doing a good deed. C. A valuable insight into human connection. D. A new friend to visit regularly. 20. What is the central theme of this story? A. The importance of helping the elderly. B. The dangers of cycling alone at night. C. The rewarding nature of small acts of kindness. D. The busy life of modern city dwellers. （5） Have you ever noticed that a smell can suddenly bring back a flood of memories? The scent of a particular perfume might remind you of your grandmother, or the smell of freshly baked bread might transport you back to your childhood kitchen. This phenomenon, where smells trigger vivid, often emotional, memories, is known as the “Proust phenomenon,” named after the French author Marcel Proust, who wrote extensively about it in his novel In Search of Lost Time. Why are smell memories so powerful? The answer lies in the architecture of our brain. Unlike our other senses (sight, sound, touch, taste), which send information through a “relay station” called the thalamus before it reaches the memory and emotion centers, the sense of smell has a direct pathway. When we inhale an odor, the sensory information goes straight to the olfactory bulb, which is intimately connected to two key brain regions: the amygdala, which processes emotion, and the hippocampus, which is crucial for forming new memories. This direct connection means that smells are processed almost instantly in the areas of the brain responsible for emotion and memory. This is why a scent can trigger a memory and the accompanying feeling so much faster and more intensely than, say, a photograph or a song. The memory isn‘t just recalled; it’s re-experienced on an emotional level. 21.The “Proust phenomenon” refers to the experience of ______. A. reading Proust‘s novel B. having memories triggered by smells C. forgetting a familiar scent D. writing about childhood memories 22.What can be inferred about the thalamus? A. It is directly connected to the olfactory bulb. B. It plays no role in processing the sense of smell. C. It processes information for most senses except smell. D. It is the center for emotion and memory in the brain. 23.Why are smell memories more “intense” than other types of memories? A. Because smells are stronger than sights or sounds. B. Because smell information bypasses the thalamus and goes straight to emotion centers. C. Because the hippocampus is only activated by smells. D. Because we remember smells from when we were babies. 24.The word “accompanying” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ______. A. related B. conflicting C. distant D. prior 25.What is the main idea of this passage? A. The sense of smell is less important than sight. B. Marcel Proust discovered the secret of memory. C. The brain processes smell differently, leading to powerful memories. D. We should use smells more often to improve our memory. （6） Algorithms are everywhere. They determine what we see on social media, what products we are recommended on Amazon, and even what news we read. These complex sets of instructions are designed to learn our preferences and show us content we are most likely to engage with. The goal, from a business perspective, is to keep us on their platforms for as long as possible. However, this personalization comes at a cost. By constantly showing us content that aligns with our existing beliefs and interests, algorithms can create what is known as a “filter bubble” or an “echo chamber.” We become isolated from information or opinions that challenge our worldview. We only see and hear what we already agree with, which can reinforce biases and make us less tolerant of differing perspectives. This has profound implications for society. In a democratic society, a healthy public discourse requires exposure to a variety of viewpoints. When algorithms insulate us from opposing ideas, it becomes easier to demonize those who think differently and harder to find common ground. The challenge, then, is to design algorithms that not only capture our attention but also expose us to the rich diversity of human thought. 26.What is the primary purpose of algorithms from a business perspective? A. To introduce users to new and challenging ideas. B. To maximize user engagement and time spent on the platform. C. To help users make more informed purchasing decisions. D. To create a balanced and diverse information environment. 27.The term “echo chamber” in Paragraph 2 refers to a situation where ______. A. people only encounter information that reflects their own views B. a room is designed to make sounds reverberate C. people are forced to listen to others‘ opinions D. algorithms fail to personalize content 28.What can be inferred about a society without diverse viewpoints? A. It is likely to be more peaceful and harmonious. B. It becomes easier for people to find common ground. C. Public discourse and democracy may be negatively affected. D. People will be more open to changing their minds. 29.The word “insulate” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ______. A. combine B. separate C. inform D. educate 30.What is the author‘s attitude towards the current state of algorithms? A. Completely satisfied. B. Indifferent. C. Concerned but hopeful for improvement. D. Strongly opposed without any solution. （7） My grandfather was an unexpected source of inspiration in my life. He was a man of few words, a farmer whose hands were rough from years of labor. I never heard him talk about dreams or ambitions. He just worked, day in and day out. I, on the other hand, was a dreamer, always with my head in the clouds, talking about the places I would go and the things I would do. One summer, during my high school years, I decided I wanted to build a treehouse. I had grand plans drawn up on paper, with multiple levels and a rope bridge. I showed my grandfather the plans, expecting praise for my creativity. He studied them for a long moment, then said, “It’s a good dream. Now, do you know how to cut a straight line?” His question stopped me cold. I didn’t. I had the vision, but none of the practical skills to make it a reality. That summer, my grandfather didn‘t talk about dreams. He taught me how to measure, how to saw, how to hammer a nail without bending it. He taught me that a dream without the skills to back it up is just a wish. By the end of the summer, we had built a simple, sturdy treehouse. It wasn’t the elaborate castle in my drawings, but it was real. And it was mine. 31.How did the author initially feel when showing his grandfather the treehouse plans? A. Nervous and uncertain. B. Proud and confident. C. Ashamed and embarrassed. D. Indifferent and bored. 32.What does the question “Now, do you know how to cut a straight line?” imply? A. The author‘s plans were too simple. B. The grandfather wanted to test the author‘s patience. C. The author lacked the necessary practical skills. D. The grandfather preferred a different design. 33.What can be inferred about the grandfather‘s teaching method? A. He preferred to lecture and give long speeches. B. He taught by doing and showing, not just talking. C. He believed in praising children for their creativity. D. He thought dreams were more important than skills. 34.What does the author mean by saying the treehouse was “real” in the last sentence? A. It was exactly the same as in his drawings. B. It was physically present and built with his own hands. C. It looked like a real castle. D. It was more beautiful than he imagined. 35.What is the central message of this story? A. Grandfathers are always the best teachers. B. Building a treehouse is a valuable experience. C. Dreams must be supported by practical skills to become reality. D. It‘s better to have simple dreams than grand ones. （8） When we think about communication, we often focus on words. However, experts suggest that a significant portion of our communication is non-verbal. This includes body language, facial expressions, eye contact, posture, and even the physical distance we maintain from others. These unspoken signals can often convey more meaning than the words we speak, and they are crucial for understanding the full message. The interpretation of non-verbal cues, however, is not universal. What is considered polite or rude can vary dramatically from one culture to another. For example, in many Western cultures, direct eye contact is seen as a sign of confidence, honesty, and attentiveness. Avoiding eye contact might be interpreted as being dishonest, shy, or uninterested. In contrast, in many East Asian cultures, such as Japan and Korea, prolonged direct eye contact, especially with a superior or an elder, can be perceived as a sign of disrespect, challenge, or aggression. It is more common to avert one‘s gaze as a sign of deference and politeness. A person who looks down when speaking to someone of higher status is showing proper respect. These differences can lead to misunderstandings in cross-cultural interactions. A Western businessperson might think their East Asian counterpart is untrustworthy because they won’t meet their eyes. Meanwhile, the East Asian businessperson might find their Western counterpart rude or aggressive for staring. Being aware of these differences is the first step towards more effective and respectful global communication. 36.What is the main point the author makes in the first paragraph? A. Words are the most important part of communication. B. Non-verbal communication is often overlooked. C. Non-verbal signals play a vital role in conveying meaning. D. Body language is easy to interpret. 37.The word “universal” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______. A. same for everyone B. very important C. difficult to understand D. changing over time 38.In Japan, why might a person avoid eye contact with a superior? A. To show that they are shy. B. To indicate they are not interested. C. To demonstrate respect and politeness. D. To challenge the superior‘s authority. 39.What can be inferred about the Western businessperson‘s interpretation of an East Asian‘s behavior? A. It is usually accurate and well-informed. B. It might be based on their own cultural norms. C. They are always aware of cultural differences. D. They will adapt their behavior immediately. 40.What is the author‘s purpose in writing this passage? A. To argue that Western communication is superior. B. To explain why East Asians are shy. C. To highlight cultural differences in non-verbal communication. D. To teach readers how to avoid eye contact. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 编写说明：2026年重庆市（高职分类考试）《英语45分钟训练卷》，由16份专题训练卷与4份综合训练卷组成。试卷通过具象化拆解核心考点、搭建系统知识网络、场景化训练强调知识应用，从而做到降低学习门槛、巩固知识体系、强化实战能力，全方位适配学生备考需求。 本试卷是2026年重庆市（高职分类考试）《英语45分钟训练卷》的第14卷，为题型专题训练卷。 。 2026年重庆市（高职分类考试）《英语45分钟训练卷》 第14卷 题型专题训练卷 考试时间：45分钟 满分：100分 一、阅读理解 (共40小题；每小题2.5分，满分100分) （1） When I was in high school, I had a history teacher who made a profound impact on my life. Mr. Thompson was not like any other teacher I had ever known. He didn‘t just stand at the front of the classroom and lecture from a textbook. Instead, he brought history to life. He would dress up as historical figures and speak to us as if he were actually that person. One day he was Thomas Jefferson, debating the merits of the Constitution; the next, he was Winston Churchill, rallying us against the threat of Nazi Germany. His classes were electric. Students who usually slept through other classes were on the edge of their seats, eager to ask questions and engage in debates. Mr. Thompson made us feel like we were part of history, not just passive observers. He once told us, “History isn‘t about memorizing dates and names. It’s about understanding people, their motivations, and the consequences of their actions.” Years later, I realize that Mr. Thompson taught me more than just history. He taught me how to think critically, how to see the world from different perspectives, and how to be passionate about learning. I often wonder if he knows how many lives he touched. I suspect he does. 1.What can be inferred about other teachers at the author‘s school? A. They were more popular than Mr. Thompson. B. They mainly taught in a traditional, lecture-based way. C. They often dressed up as historical figures. D. They focused on developing students’ critical thinking. 【答案】B 【解析】考点:推理判断题（对比推断）。 根据第一段“He didn‘t just stand at the front of the classroom and lecture from a textbook.”以及第二段“Students who usually slept through other classes...”可以推断，其他老师的教学方式与Mr. Thompson不同，很可能是传统的、照本宣科的讲授式。A项文中未比较受欢迎程度；C项是Mr. Thompson的个人做法；D项是Mr. Thompson的教学成果，不是其他老师的特点。 2.Why were students “on the edge of their seats” (Paragraph 2)? A. They were physically uncomfortable. B. They were bored by the lecture. C. They were extremely interested and engaged. D. They were waiting for the class to end. 【答案】C 【解析】考点:词句猜测题（短语猜测）。 “on the edge of their seats”字面意思是“坐在座位边缘”，结合上下文“His classes were electric”和“eager to ask questions and engage in debates”可知，这里形容学生们非常投入、兴致勃勃，而不是身体不适或无聊。A、B、D项均与语境相反。 3.What can be inferred about Mr. Thompson‘s teaching philosophy? A. Rote memorization is the key to learning history. B. Students should be passive receivers of knowledge. C. History should be experienced, not just memorized. D. Historical facts are more important than human motivations. 【答案】C 【解析】考点:推理判断题（观点态度推断）。 根据第二段Mr. Thompson的原话“History isn‘t about memorizing dates and names. It’s about understanding people...”以及他扮演历史人物的教学方式可知，他主张让学生去“体验”历史，而不是死记硬背。A、B、D项均与他的观点相反。 4.What does the author mean by saying “I suspect he does” in the last sentence? A. The author doubts Mr. Thompson‘s awareness. B. Mr. Thompson probably knows his impact on students. C. The author plans to tell Mr. Thompson about his impact. D. Mr. Thompson wonders how many lives he touched. 【答案】B 【解析】考点:词句猜测题（句子含义猜测）。 前一句说“I often wonder if he knows how many lives he touched.”（我常想他是否知道自己影响了多少生命。）最后一句“I suspect he does.”（我猜想他知道。）这里的“does”指代“knows”。这表达了作者的一种推测，认为Mr. Thompson很可能清楚自己对学生的影响。A项“怀疑”与“suspect”（猜想）含义不符；C项文中未提；D项主语是Mr. Thompson，而原句主语是“I”。 5.What is the main purpose of this passage? A. To describe the life of a great historical figure. B. To argue for the importance of studying history. C. To share a personal story about an influential teacher. D. To compare different teaching methods in high school. 【答案】C 【解析】考点:推理判断题（写作目的推断）。 文章从头到尾都是作者在回忆自己高中时的一位历史老师，讲述他的教学方式以及对作者产生的深远影响。因此，主要目的是分享一个关于有影响力的老师的个人故事。A项描述历史人物，文中虽然有扮演历史人物，但不是主角；B项论证学历史的重要性，是文章的一部分内容，但不是核心目的；D项比较教学方法，文中虽有提及，但不是重点。 （2） In recent years, the term “phubbing” has entered our vocabulary. It describes the act of snubbing someone in a social setting by looking at your phone instead of paying attention to them. Imagine you are at a dinner table with friends, and while you are trying to tell a story, they are scrolling through Instagram or checking emails. You, my friend, are being “phubbed.” While it may seem like a harmless, modern habit, studies are beginning to show that phubbing can have serious consequences for relationships. A 2015 study found that phubbing had a negative effect on the quality of a couple‘s relationship, leading to increased conflict and lower levels of relationship satisfaction. The person being ignored feels devalued and unimportant, as if their presence doesn’t matter as much as a digital notification. The problem is particularly acute among younger generations, who have grown up with smartphones. For them, the boundary between the online world and the offline world is often blurred. However, the need for genuine human connection remains as strong as ever. When that need is consistently unmet due to a partner‘s smartphone addiction, it can create a deep sense of loneliness and resentment. So, the next time you’re with someone, try putting your phone away. That notification can wait. The person sitting in front of you, however, deserves your full, undivided attention. After all, a little eye contact can go a long way. 6.The word “phubbing” in Paragraph 1 is created by combining which two concepts? A. Phone and ignoring. B. Physical and rubbing. C. Public and snubbing. D. Photo and dubbing. 【答案】A 【解析】考点:词句猜测题（构词法猜测）。 根据第一段对“phubbing”的定义：“describes the act of snubbing someone... by looking at your phone”，可以推断这个词是由“phone”（电话/手机）和“snubbing”（冷落）两个词组合而成的，即“phone + snubbing”。A项中的“ignoring”是“snubbing”的近义词。 7.What can be inferred about the impact of phubbing on a relationship? A. It can strengthen the bond between partners. B. It is a harmless habit that people will get used to. C. It can lead to feelings of being undervalued. D. It mainly affects younger generations. 【答案】C 【解析】考点:推理判断题（因果推断）。 根据第二段“The person being ignored feels devalued and unimportant”可知，被冷落的一方会感到自己不被重视。A项与原文“negative effect”相反；B项与原文“serious consequences”相反；D项说“mainly affects”（主要影响），而原文只说问题在年轻一代中“particularly acute”（尤为突出），但并未说主要影响他们。 8.What does the author imply about younger generations and smartphones? A. They are better at balancing online and offline life. B. They have a weaker need for genuine human connection. C. They may not clearly distinguish between virtual and real life. D. They are the only group affected by the phubbing phenomenon. 【答案】C 【解析】考点:推理判断题（隐含意义推断）。 根据第三段“For them, the boundary between the online world and the offline world is often blurred.”可知，年轻一代常常模糊了线上和线下的界限。A项与原文意思相反；B项与“the need for genuine human connection remains as strong as ever”相反；D项“only group”过于绝对。 9.The phrase “a little eye contact can go a long way” in the last sentence suggests that ______. A. eye contact can help you see farther B. small acts of attention can greatly improve relationships C. looking at someone‘s eyes is a long journey D. it’s better to avoid eye contact with strangers 【答案】B 【解析】考点:词句猜测题（习语猜测）。 “go a long way”是一个习语，意思是“大有帮助，起很大作用”。结合前文建议“put your phone away”、“deserves your full, undivided attention”，这句话的意思是：一点点眼神交流（代表关注）可以对人际关系产生很大的积极影响。A、C是字面意思的曲解；D项与文意相反。 10.What is the author‘s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To criticize the smartphone industry. B. To coin a new English term. C. To raise awareness about the negative effects of phubbing. D. To compare online and offline communication. 【答案】C 【解析】考点:推理判断题（写作目的推断）。 文章先介绍了“phubbing”这个词，然后阐述其对人际关系的负面影响，最后呼吁人们放下手机，关注眼前人。因此，主要目的是让人们意识到“低头冷落”这种行为的危害。A项批评手机行业，范围太大；B项创造新词，只是引入话题的方式；D项比较线上线下交流，不是重点。 （3） For decades, environmentalists have urged us to “think globally, act locally.” The idea is that while global problems like climate change can seem overwhelming, our individual actions—recycling, reducing energy use—can collectively make a difference. But is this message still effective? Some critics now argue that it places too much responsibility on the individual and lets big corporations off the hook. Consider the issue of plastic pollution. We are constantly told to use reusable bags and avoid plastic straws. While these are positive steps, they distract from the fact that just a handful of companies are responsible for a massive percentage of the world‘s plastic waste. These corporations have the resources to redesign packaging and invest in new technologies, yet they often choose not to, instead funding public awareness campaigns that shift the blame onto consumers. This isn’t to say that individual actions are meaningless. They are not. They send a powerful signal to the market and can build momentum for larger change. However, focusing solely on individual responsibility can create a sense of guilt and hopelessness when people feel their efforts are dwarfed by the scale of the problem. A more effective approach might be to channel that individual energy into collective action—advocating for policy changes, supporting sustainable businesses, and holding corporations accountable. 11.The phrase “lets big corporations off the hook” in Paragraph 1 most probably means ______. A. helps big corporations to grow B. allows big corporations to avoid responsibility C. encourages big corporations to compete D. forces big corporations to change 【答案】B 【解析】考点:词句猜测题（习语猜测）。 “let someone off the hook”是一个习语，字面意思是“把某人从钩子上放下来”，引申为“让某人摆脱困境/责任”。结合上下文，批评者认为“think globally, act locally”的理念把太多责任推给个人，从而让大公司得以推卸责任。A、C、D项均不符合习语含义和上下文逻辑。 12.What can be inferred about the plastic pollution problem? A. Individual actions like using reusable bags are ineffective. B. Consumers are solely to blame for the pollution. C. A few large companies contribute significantly to the waste. D. Corporations are actively redesigning their packaging. 【答案】C 【解析】考点:推理判断题（细节推断）。 根据第二段“just a handful of companies are responsible for a massive percentage of the world‘s plastic waste”可知，少数大公司对全球塑料垃圾负有主要责任。A项过于绝对，作者认为个人行为并非毫无意义；B项与原文“shift the blame onto consumers”相悖，说明消费者不是唯一责任方；D项与“often choose not to”相反。 13.Why do corporations fund public awareness campaigns, according to the author? A. To genuinely educate the public about pollution. B. To make consumers feel guilty about their actions. C. To redirect the focus away from corporate responsibility. D. To compete with other companies in the market. 【答案】C 【解析】考点:推理判断题（目的推断）。 根据第二段最后一句“yet they often choose not to, instead funding public awareness campaigns that shift the blame onto consumers.”可知，这些公司这么做的目的是将责任转移到消费者身上。A项“真诚地教育公众”与作者批判的语气不符；B项让消费者感到内疚是手段，不是最终目的；D项市场竞争，文中未提。 14.What is the author‘s attitude towards individual actions? A. They are useless and should be abandoned. B. They are valuable but not a complete solution. C. They are the most important factor in change. D. They are harmful if not done perfectly. 【答案】B 【解析】考点:推理判断题（观点态度推断）。 第三段开头作者明确表示“This isn’t to say that individual actions are meaningless. They are not.”，肯定了个人行为的意义。但随后又指出“focusing solely on individual responsibility can create a sense of guilt”，并建议将其转化为集体行动。因此，作者认为个人行为有价值，但仅靠个人是不够的。A、C、D项均与作者观点不符。 15.What does the author suggest as a more effective solution to environmental problems? A. Relying on individual efforts like recycling. B. Ignoring the problem as it’s too overwhelming. C. Combining personal actions with policy advocacy. D. Letting corporations handle the issue on their own. 【答案】C 【解析】考点:推理判断题（建议推断）。 根据文章最后一句“A more effective approach might be to channel that individual energy into collective action—advocating for policy changes, supporting sustainable businesses, and holding corporations accountable.”可知，作者建议将个人力量转化为集体行动，包括倡导政策改变等。A项只强调个人；B项忽视问题；D项让公司自己处理，均与作者建议不符。 （4） I was cycling home late one evening when I noticed a figure ahead. As I got closer, I saw it was an elderly woman, struggling to carry two heavy bags of groceries. She would take a few steps, stop to rest, and then continue. Without much thought, I stopped my bike and asked if she needed help. She looked at me, a little surprised, and then a warm smile spread across her face. “That would be lovely, dear,” she said. I took her bags and walked with her. It was only a ten-minute walk to her apartment, but in that time, we talked. She told me about her husband, who had passed away two years ago, and how she still cooked for two out of habit. She talked about her children, who lived in another city and were too busy to visit often. When we reached her door, she thanked me and insisted on giving me a homemade cookie from one of her bags. As I cycled away, I felt an unexpected warmth in my heart. I had only given up ten minutes of my time, but the look of gratitude on her face and the connection we made in that short walk was priceless. It struck me that in our busy, digital world, we often overlook the simple power of human kindness. 16. Why did the woman look “a little surprised” when the author offered to help? A. She was afraid of strangers at night. B. She didn‘t expect a stranger to stop and offer help. C. She thought the author wanted to steal her groceries. D. She recognized the author from somewhere. 【答案】B 【解析】考点:推理判断题（人物心理推断）。 结合上下文，一个老人晚上独自拎着重物，这时一个陌生人停下来主动帮忙。她感到“a little surprised”，是因为这种来自陌生人的善意在现代社会中可能不常见，她没想到会有人主动帮忙。A项“害怕”、C项“认为要偷东西”、D项“认出来”在文中均无依据。 17. What can be inferred about the woman‘s life? A. She is living a happy and fulfilling life. B. She is well taken care of by her children. C. She is likely feeling lonely after her husband‘s death. D. She has many friends in her neighborhood. 【答案】C 【解析】考点:推理判断题（生活状态推断）。 根据第三段，她提到丈夫两年前去世，她仍然习惯做两人份的饭，孩子们在另一个城市，太忙不常来看她。这些细节都暗示了她可能感到孤独。A项“快乐充实”与“丈夫去世”、“孩子不常来”不符；B项“被孩子照顾得很好”与“孩子太忙”不符；D项“有很多朋友”文中未提。 18. The phrase “struck me” in the last paragraph most probably means ______. A. hit me physically B. surprised me C. suddenly occurred to me D. disappointed me 【答案】C 【解析】考点:词句猜测题（短语猜测）。 “It struck me that...”是一个常用句型，意为“我突然想到/意识到...”。根据上下文，作者在帮助老人后，内心有了一种感悟，意识到我们常常忽略了善良的力量。A项是字面意思“打我”；B项“让我惊讶”语气不符；D项“让我失望”与文意相反。 19. What did the author gain from this experience? A. A free cookie. B. A sense of pride for doing a good deed. C. A valuable insight into human connection. D. A new friend to visit regularly. 【答案】C 【解析】考点:推理判断题（结果推断）。 最后一段提到，作者感到“the connection we made... was priceless”，并意识到“the simple power of human kindness”。这说明他获得了一种关于人与人之间连接的宝贵感悟。A项饼干是物质上的，不是核心收获；B项自豪感文中未提；D项定期拜访，文中没有说他们会再见面。 20. What is the central theme of this story? A. The importance of helping the elderly. B. The dangers of cycling alone at night. C. The rewarding nature of small acts of kindness. D. The busy life of modern city dwellers. 【答案】C 【解析】考点:推理判断题（主旨大意推断）。 故事的核心是作者一个小小的善举（帮忙拎包）给自己和他人带来的积极感受，以及从中领悟到的道理。A项帮助老人是故事的表象，不是主题；B项夜间骑行的危险，文中未提；D项现代城市生活是背景，不是主题。 （5） Have you ever noticed that a smell can suddenly bring back a flood of memories? The scent of a particular perfume might remind you of your grandmother, or the smell of freshly baked bread might transport you back to your childhood kitchen. This phenomenon, where smells trigger vivid, often emotional, memories, is known as the “Proust phenomenon,” named after the French author Marcel Proust, who wrote extensively about it in his novel In Search of Lost Time. Why are smell memories so powerful? The answer lies in the architecture of our brain. Unlike our other senses (sight, sound, touch, taste), which send information through a “relay station” called the thalamus before it reaches the memory and emotion centers, the sense of smell has a direct pathway. When we inhale an odor, the sensory information goes straight to the olfactory bulb, which is intimately connected to two key brain regions: the amygdala, which processes emotion, and the hippocampus, which is crucial for forming new memories. This direct connection means that smells are processed almost instantly in the areas of the brain responsible for emotion and memory. This is why a scent can trigger a memory and the accompanying feeling so much faster and more intensely than, say, a photograph or a song. The memory isn‘t just recalled; it’s re-experienced on an emotional level. 21.The “Proust phenomenon” refers to the experience of ______. A. reading Proust‘s novel B. having memories triggered by smells C. forgetting a familiar scent D. writing about childhood memories 【答案】B 【解析】考点:词句猜测题（术语理解）。 根据第一段对“Proust phenomenon”的定义：“where smells trigger vivid, often emotional, memories”，可知它指的是气味触发记忆的现象。A项读普鲁斯特的小说，是名字的来源，但不是现象本身；C、D项文中未提。 22.What can be inferred about the thalamus? A. It is directly connected to the olfactory bulb. B. It plays no role in processing the sense of smell. C. It processes information for most senses except smell. D. It is the center for emotion and memory in the brain. 【答案】C 【解析】考点:推理判断题（细节推断）。 根据第二段“Unlike our other senses..., which send information through a ‘relay station‘ called the thalamus... the sense of smell has a direct pathway.”可知，其他感官的信息需要通过丘脑，而嗅觉不需要。这说明丘脑处理除嗅觉外的大部分感官信息。A项嗅觉信号直达嗅球，与丘脑无关；B项丘脑对嗅觉“不起作用”表述不准确，更准确的推断是C项；D项杏仁核和海马体是情感和记忆中心，不是丘脑。 23.Why are smell memories more “intense” than other types of memories? A. Because smells are stronger than sights or sounds. B. Because smell information bypasses the thalamus and goes straight to emotion centers. C. Because the hippocampus is only activated by smells. D. Because we remember smells from when we were babies. 【答案】B 【解析】考点:推理判断题（因果推断）。 根据第二、三段，气味记忆之所以强烈，是因为嗅觉信息绕过了丘脑，直接到达处理情感（杏仁核）和记忆（海马体）的大脑区域。A项“气味更浓”是错误归因；C项“海马体只被气味激活”过于绝对；D项“婴儿时期记忆”文中未提。 24.The word “accompanying” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ______. A. related B. conflicting C. distant D. prior 【答案】A 【解析】考点:词句猜测题（单词猜测）。 “accompanying feeling”指的是伴随着记忆而来的情感。accompanying意为“伴随的，相关的”。A项related（相关的）最接近。B项冲突的、C项遥远的、D项在先的，均不符合语境。 25.What is the main idea of this passage? A. The sense of smell is less important than sight. B. Marcel Proust discovered the secret of memory. C. The brain processes smell differently, leading to powerful memories. D. We should use smells more often to improve our memory. 【答案】C 【解析】考点:推理判断题（主旨大意推断）。 文章解释了为什么气味能触发强烈记忆，核心原因在于大脑对气味的独特处理方式。A项比较重要性，文中未提；B项普鲁斯特发现了记忆的秘密，表述不准确，他只是描述了现象；D项利用气味改善记忆，文中没有提出建议。 （6） Algorithms are everywhere. They determine what we see on social media, what products we are recommended on Amazon, and even what news we read. These complex sets of instructions are designed to learn our preferences and show us content we are most likely to engage with. The goal, from a business perspective, is to keep us on their platforms for as long as possible. However, this personalization comes at a cost. By constantly showing us content that aligns with our existing beliefs and interests, algorithms can create what is known as a “filter bubble” or an “echo chamber.” We become isolated from information or opinions that challenge our worldview. We only see and hear what we already agree with, which can reinforce biases and make us less tolerant of differing perspectives. This has profound implications for society. In a democratic society, a healthy public discourse requires exposure to a variety of viewpoints. When algorithms insulate us from opposing ideas, it becomes easier to demonize those who think differently and harder to find common ground. The challenge, then, is to design algorithms that not only capture our attention but also expose us to the rich diversity of human thought. 26.What is the primary purpose of algorithms from a business perspective? A. To introduce users to new and challenging ideas. B. To maximize user engagement and time spent on the platform. C. To help users make more informed purchasing decisions. D. To create a balanced and diverse information environment. 【答案】B 【解析】考点:推理判断题（目的推断）。 根据第一段最后一句“The goal, from a business perspective, is to keep us on their platforms for as long as possible.”可知，商业视角下的目标是让用户尽可能长时间地停留在平台上。A项介绍新想法、D项创造平衡环境，是理想状态，但不是商业目标；C项帮助购买决策，是手段，不是根本目的。 27.The term “echo chamber” in Paragraph 2 refers to a situation where ______. A. people only encounter information that reflects their own views B. a room is designed to make sounds reverberate C. people are forced to listen to others‘ opinions D. algorithms fail to personalize content 【答案】A 【解析】考点:词句猜测题（术语猜测）。 第二段先定义“filter bubble”，然后用“or”引出“echo chamber”，说明它们是并列概念。后文解释这种状态是“We become isolated from information or opinions that challenge our worldview. We only see and hear what we already agree with.”因此，“echo chamber”（回音室）指的是人们只接触与自己观点一致的信息的环境。B项是字面意思；C、D项与定义相反。 28.What can be inferred about a society without diverse viewpoints? A. It is likely to be more peaceful and harmonious. B. It becomes easier for people to find common ground. C. Public discourse and democracy may be negatively affected. D. People will be more open to changing their minds. 【答案】C 【解析】考点:推理判断题（影响推断）。 根据第三段“This has profound implications for society... it becomes easier to demonize those who think differently and harder to find common ground.”可以推断，缺乏多元观点会对公共话语和民主产生负面影响。A项“更和平”、B项“更容易找到共同点”、D项“更愿意改变想法”均与原文观点相反。 29.The word “insulate” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ______. A. combine B. separate C. inform D. educate 【答案】B 【解析】考点:词句猜测题（单词猜测）。 “insulate”本意是“使绝缘，使隔离”。结合上下文“When algorithms insulate us from opposing ideas”，意思是算法将我们与对立观点隔离开来。因此，与separate（分离，隔开）意思最接近。A项结合、C项告知、D项教育，均不符合。 30.What is the author‘s attitude towards the current state of algorithms? A. Completely satisfied. B. Indifferent. C. Concerned but hopeful for improvement. D. Strongly opposed without any solution. 【答案】C 【解析】考点:推理判断题（观点态度推断）。 作者指出了算法的问题（创造“过滤气泡”），但最后一句提到“The challenge, then, is to design algorithms that... expose us to the rich diversity...”说明作者对此表示担忧（concerned），但认为有改进的空间和方向（hopeful for improvement）。A项完全满意、B项漠不关心、D项强烈反对且无解决方案，均不符合。 （7） My grandfather was an unexpected source of inspiration in my life. He was a man of few words, a farmer whose hands were rough from years of labor. I never heard him talk about dreams or ambitions. He just worked, day in and day out. I, on the other hand, was a dreamer, always with my head in the clouds, talking about the places I would go and the things I would do. One summer, during my high school years, I decided I wanted to build a treehouse. I had grand plans drawn up on paper, with multiple levels and a rope bridge. I showed my grandfather the plans, expecting praise for my creativity. He studied them for a long moment, then said, “It’s a good dream. Now, do you know how to cut a straight line?” His question stopped me cold. I didn’t. I had the vision, but none of the practical skills to make it a reality. That summer, my grandfather didn‘t talk about dreams. He taught me how to measure, how to saw, how to hammer a nail without bending it. He taught me that a dream without the skills to back it up is just a wish. By the end of the summer, we had built a simple, sturdy treehouse. It wasn’t the elaborate castle in my drawings, but it was real. And it was mine. 31.How did the author initially feel when showing his grandfather the treehouse plans? A. Nervous and uncertain. B. Proud and confident. C. Ashamed and embarrassed. D. Indifferent and bored. 【答案】B 【解析】考点:推理判断题（人物心理推断）。 根据第二段“I showed my grandfather the plans, expecting praise for my creativity.”可知，作者当时是期待得到赞扬的，这说明他对自己充满信心，且感到自豪。A项紧张、C项羞愧、D项冷漠，均与“expecting praise”不符。 32.What does the question “Now, do you know how to cut a straight line?” imply? A. The author‘s plans were too simple. B. The grandfather wanted to test the author‘s patience. C. The author lacked the necessary practical skills. D. The grandfather preferred a different design. 【答案】C 【解析】考点:词句猜测题（隐含意义猜测）。 祖父的问题看似简单，却点出了作者计划的盲点：只有宏大的想法，却没有最基本的手工技能。这个问题揭示了作者缺乏实现梦想所需的实际操作能力。A项计划太简单、B项测试耐心、D项喜欢不同设计，均不符合语境。 33.What can be inferred about the grandfather‘s teaching method? A. He preferred to lecture and give long speeches. B. He taught by doing and showing, not just talking. C. He believed in praising children for their creativity. D. He thought dreams were more important than skills. 【答案】B 【解析】考点:推理判断题（人物特征推断）。 第三段提到“He taught me how to measure, how to saw, how to hammer a nail...”，说明祖父是通过实际行动和示范来教导作者的。A项长篇大论，与“man of few words”不符；C项赞扬创造力，文中祖父并未赞扬；D项认为梦想比技能重要，与祖父“dream without skills is just a wish”的观点相反。 34.What does the author mean by saying the treehouse was “real” in the last sentence? A. It was exactly the same as in his drawings. B. It was physically present and built with his own hands. C. It looked like a real castle. D. It was more beautiful than he imagined. 【答案】B 【解析】考点:词句猜测题（词义理解）。 作者将亲手建造的树屋与当初纸上不切实际的幻想做对比。虽然它没有图纸上那么华丽，但它是实实在在的、通过自己的努力和技能建造出来的。因此，“real”指的是它的真实存在，是梦想通过实践转化为了现实。A项与图纸一样，文中说“wasn‘t the elaborate castle”；C、D项文中未提。 35.What is the central message of this story? A. Grandfathers are always the best teachers. B. Building a treehouse is a valuable experience. C. Dreams must be supported by practical skills to become reality. D. It‘s better to have simple dreams than grand ones. 【答案】C 【解析】考点:推理判断题（主旨大意推断）。 故事的核心是作者从“只会做梦”到“学会技能并实现梦想”的转变，以及祖父教给他的道理：没有技能支撑的梦想只是空想。A项过于宽泛；B项只是故事的表层；D项提倡简单的梦想，与主题不符。 （8） When we think about communication, we often focus on words. However, experts suggest that a significant portion of our communication is non-verbal. This includes body language, facial expressions, eye contact, posture, and even the physical distance we maintain from others. These unspoken signals can often convey more meaning than the words we speak, and they are crucial for understanding the full message. The interpretation of non-verbal cues, however, is not universal. What is considered polite or rude can vary dramatically from one culture to another. For example, in many Western cultures, direct eye contact is seen as a sign of confidence, honesty, and attentiveness. Avoiding eye contact might be interpreted as being dishonest, shy, or uninterested. In contrast, in many East Asian cultures, such as Japan and Korea, prolonged direct eye contact, especially with a superior or an elder, can be perceived as a sign of disrespect, challenge, or aggression. It is more common to avert one‘s gaze as a sign of deference and politeness. A person who looks down when speaking to someone of higher status is showing proper respect. These differences can lead to misunderstandings in cross-cultural interactions. A Western businessperson might think their East Asian counterpart is untrustworthy because they won’t meet their eyes. Meanwhile, the East Asian businessperson might find their Western counterpart rude or aggressive for staring. Being aware of these differences is the first step towards more effective and respectful global communication. 36.What is the main point the author makes in the first paragraph? A. Words are the most important part of communication. B. Non-verbal communication is often overlooked. C. Non-verbal signals play a vital role in conveying meaning. D. Body language is easy to interpret. 【答案】C 【解析】考点:推理判断题（段落大意推断）。 第一段指出非语言沟通占很大比例，能传达比语言更多的信息，是理解完整信息的关键。因此，主要观点是“非语言信号在传达意义方面起着至关重要的作用”。A项与原文“more than the words”相反；B项被忽视，文中说“we often focus on words”但并未说非语言沟通被忽视；D项容易解读，与后文文化差异内容不符。 37.The word “universal” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______. A. same for everyone B. very important C. difficult to understand D. changing over time 【答案】A 【解析】考点:词句猜测题（单词猜测）。 第二段开头说非语言线索的解读“is not universal”，后文通过东西方对眼神接触的不同理解来举例说明。因此，“universal”在此处意为“普遍的，全世界一致的”。A项“对每个人来说都一样”最接近。B项重要的、C项难懂的、D项随时间变化的，均不符合。 38.In Japan, why might a person avoid eye contact with a superior? A. To show that they are shy. B. To indicate they are not interested. C. To demonstrate respect and politeness. D. To challenge the superior‘s authority. 【答案】C 【解析】考点:细节理解题。 根据第三段“It is more common to avert one‘s gaze as a sign of deference and politeness.”可知，在日本文化中，避免眼神接触是表示尊重和礼貌。A项害羞、B项不感兴趣、D项挑战权威，是西方文化可能误解的解读，而非日本文化的本意。 39.What can be inferred about the Western businessperson‘s interpretation of an East Asian‘s behavior? A. It is usually accurate and well-informed. B. It might be based on their own cultural norms. C. They are always aware of cultural differences. D. They will adapt their behavior immediately. 【答案】B 【解析】考点:推理判断题（原因推断）。 根据最后一段，西方商人可能会因为对方不进行眼神接触而认为对方不可信，这是因为他们用自己文化中“眼神接触=诚实”的标准去衡量对方的行为。这说明他们的解读是基于自身的文化规范。A项“准确”错误，这其实是误解；C项“总是意识到”错误；D项“立即调整”文中未提。 40.What is the author‘s purpose in writing this passage? A. To argue that Western communication is superior. B. To explain why East Asians are shy. C. To highlight cultural differences in non-verbal communication. D. To teach readers how to avoid eye contact. 【答案】C 【解析】考点:推理判断题（写作目的推断）。 文章从非语言沟通的重要性入手，重点举例说明东西方在眼神接触这一非语言行为上的文化差异，以及这些差异可能导致误解。因此，主要目的是强调非语言沟通中的文化差异。A项鼓吹西方优越，无依据；B项解释东亚人害羞，是对东亚文化的误解；D项教人避免眼神接触，是片面做法，不是目的。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $