内容正文:
教学课件
译林英语八年级上册
Unit2 语法专项 +Word Power
全解精讲+分层练习
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学习目标
1. 掌握数量比较(more/fewer/less等)的核心用法及名词搭配规则
2. 熟练运用同级比较(as...as/not as/so...as)的肯定、否定结构
3. 理解后缀-ish/-ian/-ese/-n的构词含义,熟记高频国籍/语言词汇
4. 能完成填空、句型转换、单选、短文填空等多样题型
5. 能在语境中灵活运用本单元语法和词汇,提升语言运用能力
语法核心:数量比较(核心导入)
数量比较用于对比人/事物的数量多少,分“比较级”和“最高级”
关键:根据名词“可数/不可数”,选择对应的比较词
核心比较词:more(更多)、fewer(更少)、less(更少)
最高级:the most(最多)、the fewest(最少)、the least(最少)
易错点:可数名词与不可数名词的比较词搭配,不可混用
数量比较核心规则表格
含义 可数名词 不可数名词 关键提醒
比……多 more ... than more ... than 两者通用,后接than+比较对象
比……少 fewer ... than less ... than fewer仅接可数,less仅接不可数
最多 the most the most 三者及以上,需加范围状语
最少 the fewest the least 同上,注意定冠词the不可省
数量比较 用法详解(比较级)
1. more ... than:表“比……多”,可数、不可数名词均可搭配
例:She has more pens than her deskmate.(可数)
例:He drinks more milk than his brother.(不可数)
2. fewer ... than:仅接可数名词,表“比……少”
例:There are fewer trees in this park than that one.
3. less ... than:仅接不可数名词,表“比……少”
例:We have less time for rest than yesterday.
数量比较 用法详解(最高级)
1. the most:表“最多”,可数、不可数名词均可搭配,需接范围状语
例:This shop has the most customers in our town.(可数)
例:She has the most money of all her friends.(不可数)
2. the fewest:仅接可数名词,表“最少”,需接范围
例:He has the fewest books in our class.
3. the least:仅接不可数名词,表“最少”,需接范围
例:This bottle has the least water of the three.
数量比较 易错点拓展
1. 区分“可数名词”与“不可数名词”:能直接计数的为可数(pens, students)
不能直接计数的为不可数(water, time, money)
2. 易错搭配:不可数名词不能用fewer/the fewest(×),需用less/the least(√)
3. 最高级必须加定冠词the,且后面需接范围状语(in/of短语)
例:(×)She has most apples. (√)She has the most apples in our class.
4. more/less/fewer后直接接名词,无需加the(比较级无the)
数量比较 例句拓展(语境运用)
1. 可数名词比较:My school has more teachers than yours.
(我的学校比你的学校老师多。)
2. 不可数名词比较:I have less homework than my sister.
(我的作业比我姐姐的少。)
3. 可数名词最高级:This class has the fewest students in our grade.
4. 不可数名词最高级:He spends the least time on playing games.
语法核心:同级比较(核心导入)
同级比较用于表示两者“程度相同”或“程度不同”,仅用形容词/副词原级
核心结构:as ... as(肯定)、not as/so ... as(否定)
关键:as和as中间,必须用形容词/副词的原级,不可用比较级/最高级
否定形式中,as和so可互换,含义不变(not as ... as = not so ... as)
适用场景:对比两者的相同或不同程度,无“更……”“最……”含义
同级比较 肯定结构(as ... as)
结构:主语 + be/实义动词 + as + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 比较对象
含义:“……和……一样……”,强调两者程度相同
例1(形容词):Her schoolbag is as heavy as mine.
(她的书包和我的一样重。)
例2(副词):He runs as fast as his brother.
(他跑得和他哥哥一样快。)
注意:实义动词后用副词原级,be动词后用形容词原级
同级比较 否定结构(not as/so ... as)
结构:主语 + be/实义动词 + not as/so + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 比较对象
含义:“……不如……”,强调两者程度不同,前者不如后者
例1(形容词):This park is not as big as that one.
(这个公园不如那个公园大。)
例2(副词):She sings not so well as her sister.
(她唱得不如她姐姐好。)
注意:否定句中,as和so可互换,语气无明显差异
同级比较 易错点拓展
1. 易错点1:as...as中间用原级,不可用比较级(×)more tall(√)tall
2. 易错点2:否定句中,不可省略not,且不能加the
(×)This book is as not interesting as that one.(√)not as interesting
3. 拓展:as...as结构可加程度副词(nearly, almost)
例:She is nearly as tall as her mother.(她几乎和她妈妈一样高。)
4. 比较对象要一致,避免前后不一致(×)My bag is as big as you(√)as yours
同级比较 例句拓展(语境运用)
1. 学科对比:Maths is as important as English.(数学和英语一样重要。)
2. 人物对比:Lucy is as slim as Lily.(露西和莉莉一样苗条。)
3. 否定对比:His holiday is not as long as mine.(他的假期不如我的长。)
4. 副词对比:They walk as slowly as us.(他们走得和我们一样慢。)
5. 程度修饰:This dress is almost as beautiful as that one.
Word Power 核心:国家后缀构词法
后缀-ish/-ian/-ese/-n,均用于将“国家名词”转化为“国籍/语言”
转化后可作形容词(表“……的”)或名词(表“……人/……语”)
核心:不同国家对应固定后缀,无固定规律,需重点记忆
易错点:部分后缀拼写易混淆(如-ian/-ese),注意区分
拓展:部分国家后缀特殊(如Japan→Japanese),单独记忆
国家后缀核心规则表格
后缀 常见国家名词 对应国籍/语言(形容词/名词) 示例
-ish Spain, Sweden Spanish(西班牙的/西班牙语)、Swedish(瑞典的) speak Spanish(说西班牙语)
-ian Canada, America Canadian(加拿大的/加拿大人)、American(美国的) a Canadian teacher(加拿大老师)
-ese China, Vietnam Chinese(中国的/中文)、Vietnamese(越南的) Chinese food(中国食物)
-n Russia, Italy Russian(俄罗斯的/俄语)、Italian(意大利的) Italian food(意大利食物)
后缀 -ish/-ian 用法详解
1. 后缀 -ish:多对应欧洲部分国家,可表语言或国籍
例:Spain(西班牙)→ Spanish(西班牙语/西班牙人)
例:Sweden(瑞典)→ Swedish(瑞典的/瑞典人)
注意:Spanish可作名词(语言)或形容词,无复数变化
2. 后缀 -ian:使用最广泛,对应多数国家,表国籍/人
例:Canada(加拿大)→ Canadian(加拿大人/加拿大的)
例:Australia(澳大利亚)→ Australian(澳大利亚人)
后缀 -ese/-n 用法详解
1. 后缀 -ese:对应亚洲部分国家,可表语言、国籍,无复数变化
例:China(中国)→ Chinese(中文/中国人)
例:Vietnam(越南)→ Vietnamese(越南语/越南人)
拓展:Japan(日本)→ Japanese(日语/日本人),特殊后缀
2. 后缀 -n:对应部分欧洲国家,简洁易记
例:Russia(俄罗斯)→ Russian(俄语/俄罗斯人)
例:Italy(意大利)→ Italian(意大利语/意大利人)
Word Power 易错点与拓展
1. 易错点1:混淆后缀,如America→American(-ian),不可写Americaish
2. 易错点2:-ese后缀无复数,如a Chinese(一个中国人),two Chinese
3. 拓展:部分国家无对应后缀,如England→English(特殊变化)
4. 用法区分:作形容词修饰名词,作名词表人/语言
例:Chinese food(形容词);speak Chinese(名词,语言)
5. 记忆技巧:按后缀分类记忆,避免单独零散记忆
语法小练1:数量比较填空
用所给词的适当形式填空(more/fewer/less/the most/the fewest/the least)
1. There are ________ (many) flowers in the garden than in the yard.
2. He has ________ (few) friends than his brother.
3. We have ________ (little) rain this month than last month.
4. This shop sells ___________ (many) fruits of all the shops in the street.
5. She spends ________ (little) money on clothes than her sister.
6. This class has ____________ (few) students in our grade.
more
fewer
less
the most
less
the fewest
语法小练2:同级比较填空
用as/so填空,完成句子
1. Her bike is ________ fast as mine.
2. This story is not ________ interesting as that one.
3. He runs ________ slowly as his deskmate.
4. My bag is not ________ heavy ________ yours.
5. She is ________ tall as her mother.
6. This book is ________ useful as that dictionary.
as/so
as
as/so
as
as
as
as
词汇小练:国家后缀填空
根据国家名词,填写对应的国籍/语言词
1. China → ____________ (中文/中国人)
2. America → ____________ (美国人/美国的)
3. Spain → ____________ (西班牙语/西班牙的)
4. Russia → ____________ (俄语/俄罗斯人)
5. Japan → ____________ (日语/日本人)
6. Canada → ____________ (加拿大人/加拿大的)
7. Italy → ____________ (意大利语/意大利人)
Chinese
American
Spanish
Russian
Japanese
Canadian
Italian
句型转换小练(6题)
按要求改写句子,每空一词
1. He has more pens than me.(同义句)
I have ________ pens than him.
2. This park is as big as that one.(否定句)
This park is not ________ big ________ that one.
3. She has the most money in her family.(比较级)
She has more money than ________ ________ in her family.
4. There are fewer trees here than there.(同义句)
There are ________ trees here than there.
5. He runs as fast as Tom.(否定句)
He ________ run ________ fast as Tom.
6. This shop has the fewest customers.(比较级)
This shop has fewer customers than ________ ________ shop.
fewer
as/so as
anyone else
fewer
doesn’t as/so
any other
单项选择小练
从A、B、C、D中选出最佳答案
1. There are ________ apples in the basket than in the box.
A. many B. more C. most D. the most
2. This book is not ________ interesting as that one.
A. so B. more C. most D. the most
3. She has ________ time than her brother.
A. fewer B. less C. more few D. more less
B
A
B
4. He is ________ student in our class.
A. the most hard-working B. more hard-working
C. hard-working D. most hard-working
5. —Where is ________ food in the shop?
—The fruit section.
A. more B. the most C. fewer D. the fewest
6. She speaks ________ as her teacher.
A. so clearly B. as clearly C. more clearly D. most clearly
7. —What’s your nationality? I’m ________.
A. China B. Chinese C. America D. England
A
B
B
B
短文填空小练 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
My school has ________ (many) students than my old school. There are ________ (few) trees here than in my old school.Our classroom is as ________ (clean) as theirs.I have ________ (little) homework than my deskmate.My English teacher is from America. She is an ________ (America).She speaks ________ (China) very well. I think she is one of the ________ (good) teachers in our school.
more
fewer
clean
less
American
Chinese
best
短文填空小练 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
There are three shops near my home. Shop A has ________ (many) goods than Shop B.Shop C has ________ (few) customers than Shop A. Shop A sells ________ (much) fruit than the other two shops. So Shop A has ___________ (many) customers of all. The shopkeeper of Shop A is from Canada. He is a __________ (Canada).He can speak ________ (Spain) and English.His shop is as ________ (busy) as a big supermarket.I think his shop is the ________ (good) one near my home.
more
fewer
more
the most
Canadian
Spanish
busy
best
单元重点 易混点辨析
1. fewer VS less:fewer接可数名词,less接不可数名词,不可混用
2. as...as VS not as/so...as:前者肯定,后者否定,中间均用原级
3. 国家后缀:-ese无复数,-ian可加s(Canadians),-ish无复数
4. 最高级:必须加the,且接范围状语;比较级无the,接than+比较对象
5. 比较对象一致:避免“我的书包和你”这类错误,需用名词性物主代词
单元核心 知识梳理
1. 数量比较:根据名词可数/不可数,选择more/fewer/less及最高级形式
2. 同级比较:as...as(肯定)、not as/so...as(否定),中间用原级
3. 构词法:国家名词+后缀-ish/-ian/-ese/-n,表国籍/语言
4. 易错点:比较词搭配、后缀拼写、比较对象一致、最高级the的用法
5. 题型运用:掌握填空、句型转换、单选、短文填空的解题技巧
教学课件
Unit2 语法专项 +Word Power
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