Unit 8 Literature（重难词汇精练）英语北师大版选择性必修第三册

Unit 8 Literature重难词汇精练 词汇夯基·专项突破 1 题型一、词性转换 1 题型二、核心短语 2 题型三、一词多用 3 题型四、单句语法填空 4 题型五、单词拼写 10 题型六、完成句子 12 综合攻坚·能力跃升 14 题型一、阅读理解 14 题型二、应用文写作 15 题型一、词性转换 1.__________n. 小说；虚构→__________adj. 虚构的；小说的 2.__________n. 诗人→__________n. 诗→__________n. 诗歌；诗意 3.__________adj. 文学的→__________n. 文学；文献 4.__________adj. 空白的→__________adv. 空白地；无表情地 5.__________v. 相信；认为→__________n. 不信；怀疑→__________adj. 难以置信的 6.__________n. 罪；罪行→__________n. 罪犯 7.__________adj. 结冰的；冷冻的→__________v. 冻结；结冰→__________n. 霜；冻结 8.__________adj. 持续的；不间断的→__________v. 继续；延续→__________n. 继续；延续 9.__________adj. 暴力的；强烈的→__________n. 暴力；暴行→__________adv. 暴力地；猛烈地 10.__________adj. 无意识的；不省人事的→__________n. 意识→__________adj. 有意识的 11.__________n. 建造；建筑物→__________v. 建造；建设→__________adj. 建设性的 12.__________v. 原谅；宽恕→__________n. 原谅；宽恕 13.__________n. 毒药；毒素v. 毒害；下毒→__________adj. 有毒的 14.__________adj. 高尚的；崇高的 n. 贵族；高尚的人→__________adv. 高尚地 15.__________adj. 情感的；情绪的→__________n. 情感；情绪→__________adv. 情感上 16.__________n. 参与者；参加者→__________v. 参与；参加→__________n. 参与；参加 【答案】 1.fiction; fictional 2.poet; poem; poetry 3.literary; literature 4.blank; blankly 5.believe; disbelief; unbelievable 6.crime; criminal 7.frozen; freeze; frost 8.continuous; continue; continuation 9.violent; violence; violently 10.unconscious; consciousness; conscious 11.construction; construct; constructive 12.forgive; forgiveness 13.poison; poisonous 14.noble; nobly 15.emotional; emotion; emotionally 16.participant; participate; participation 题型二、核心短语 1.____________ 凝视；盯着看 2.____________ 溜走；悄悄离开 3.____________ 不信；怀疑地 4.____________ 犯罪；犯错误 5.____________ 一瞥；看一眼 6.____________ 延伸；绵延 7.____________ 陷入绝望；拼命 8.____________ 下沉；沉没 9.____________ 弹起；反弹 10.____________ 视…… 为理所当然 11.____________ 简言之；总之 12.____________ 充满；装满 13.____________ 坚持；固守 14.____________ 偶然遇见；碰见 15.____________ 结果是；证明是 16.____________ 为…… 报仇；报复 【答案】 1.stare at 2.slip away 3.in disbelief 4.commit a crime 5.at a glance 6.stretch out 7.in desperation 8.sink into 9.bounce off 10.take...for granted 11.in short 12.fill up with 13.hold on to 14.come across 15.turn out 16.take revenge for 题型三、一词多用 stare 1.She ____________ (stare) at the blackboard for a long time, but she didn't understand a word. 2.Under his cold ____________ (stare), she felt very nervous and didn't dare to speak. 3.The little boy stood there, ____________ (stare) at the strange animal in surprise. wander 1.We spent the whole afternoon ____________ (wander) around the old town and enjoying the scenery. 2.His mind ____________ (wander) when the teacher was speaking, so he missed the key points. 3.The ____________ (wander) traveler finally found his way back to the hotel. comfort 1.She found ____________ (comfort) in her mother's words. 2.The new sofa is very ____________ (comfort) to sit on. 3.I tried to ____________ (comfort) her after she failed the exam. 【答案】 stare v. 凝视；盯着看 /n. 凝视，目光 1.stared（v. 过去式，根据后文 didn't 可知用一般过去时，stare at 为固定搭配 “凝视”） 2.stare（n. 名词，形容词 cold 修饰名词，under one's stare 表示 “在某人的注视下”） 3.staring（现在分词作伴随状语，the little boy 与 stare 为主动关系，表 “站在那里，惊讶地盯着……”） wander v. 漫步，闲逛；走神 /n. 漫游者 1.wandering（动名词，spend time doing sth. 为固定搭配 “花费时间做某事”） 2.wandered（v. 过去式，根据后文 was speaking 可知用一般过去时，mind wander 表示 “走神，心不在焉”） 3.wandering（形容词，修饰名词 traveler，wandering traveler 表示 “漫游的旅行者，漂泊的旅人”） comfort n. 安慰；舒适 v. 安慰 1.comfort（n. 安慰，名词作宾语，find comfort in… 表示 “在…… 中找到安慰”） 2.comfortable（adj. 舒适的，形容词作表语，be comfortable to do sth. 表示 “做某事很舒适”） 3.comfort（v. 安慰，动词原形，try to do sth. 表示 “试图做某事”） 题型四、单句语法填空 1.__________ for success, he worked __________ day and night. (desperate) 2.He took time to __________ his shoes and always presented himself in a __________ manner. (polish) 3.Sarah went on an __________ in the mountains and proved herself to be __________. (adventure) 4.She found __________ in her friend's words and felt more __________ afterward. (comfort) 5.She was __________ of her responsibilities and worked to improve her __________ about environmental protection. (conscious) 6.Because of the __________ (violence) weather, the outdoor festival had to be cancelled at the last minute, disappointing thousands of attendees. 7.We are seeking __________ (continue) improvements, rather than great breakthroughs. 8.The __________ book had me so __________ that I forgot time. (absorb) 9.The actors' performances were __________ and even changed the mood of the audience __________. (drama) 10.The __________ novel was filled with various creatures and worlds. (fantasy) 11.The lake is __________, and the __________ temperatures are expected to continue. (freeze) 12.The __________ novel revealed a __________ secret that no one could have guessed. (mystery) 13.The news about his recovery was __________ and provided much-needed __________ for the team. (stimulate) 14.They plan to __________ a new building, which will be a major __________ project. (construct) 15.He __________ the story with vivid details and his __________ made the plot more attractive. (describe) 16.It is __________ that she loves poetry, and she __________ spends hours reading classic works every day. (evident) 17.She __________ the poem with feeling, and her __________ voice moved everyone present. (recite) 18.Her mind often __________ in class, and these __________ thoughts made her miss key knowledge. (wander) 19.I beg you to __________ my mistake, and I hope your __________ can save our friendship. (forgive) 20.The witch __________ the apple, and the __________ fruit made the princess fall into a deep sleep. (poison) 21.He made a __________ attempt to finish the task, and he looked at the clock __________ worrying about being late. (desperate) 22.The __________ of the new library will finish next month, and workers __________ it for over a year. (construct) 23.She has no clear __________ of that night, and she can't __________ even a single detail. (recollect) 24.The __________ to the riddle is unexpected, and we need wisdom __________ it. (solve) 25.He felt __________ living alone, and his deep __________ made him return to his hometown. (lonely) 26.The wind blew __________ last night, and the __________ of the storm destroyed many trees. (violent) 27.He fell off the bike and was __________; when he regained __________, he was in the hospital. (conscious) 28.His __________ for literature is obvious, and he __________ reads four or five books a month. (passionate) 29.The forest __________ for hundreds of miles, and its __________ land is home to various animals. (stretch) 30.The stars __________ brightly at night, and the __________ lights of the town look like little stars. (twinkle) 31.The writer __________ a new character for the sequel, and this __________ role adds more fun to the story. (create) 32.She looked at me with __________, and she __________ what I said at first sight. (disbelieve) 33.We need to __________ the importance of reading classic works, and this __________ will help students develop good habits. (emphasize) 34.She is an __________ person, and she can't control her __________ when reading sad stories. (emotion) 35.It's hard to __________ the beauty of the scene, and his rich __________ makes him a great writer. (imagine) 36.The __________ landscape in the novel is beautifully written, and it __________ readers to imagine the scene themselves. (charm) 37.She __________ the details of the literary work carefully, and her __________ helped us understand the theme better. (analyze) 38.The story has a __________ ending, and the events develop __________ from the middle part. (drama) 39.She felt great __________ after reading the sad novel, and her __________ expression made friends worry. (sorrow) 40.He sat there in a __________ mood, and he looked at the lake __________ thinking about the story's meaning. (pensive) 【答案】 1.答案：Desperate; desperately 考点：形容词作状语、副词修饰动词 句意：为了成功，他不顾一切地日夜工作。 解析：第一空用形容词 Desperate 作状语，说明主语 he 的状态；第二空用副词 desperately 修饰动词 worked。 2.答案：polish; polished 考点：动词原形、形容词作定语 句意：他花时间擦亮鞋子，总是以一种优雅得体的姿态出现。 解析：第一空在不定式符号 to 后用动词原形 polish；第二空用形容词 polished 作定语修饰 manner，意为 “优雅的、擦亮的”。 3.答案：adventure; adventurous 考点：名词、形容词作表语 句意：Sarah 去山里探险，证明了自己是富有冒险精神的。 解析：第一空用名词 adventure 作介词 on 的宾语；第二空用形容词 adventurous 作表语，描述 Sarah 的特质。 4.答案：comfort; comforted 考点：名词作宾语、形容词作表语 句意：她从朋友的话中得到了安慰，之后感觉更安心了。 解析：第一空用名词 comfort 作 found 的宾语；第二空用形容词 comforted（感到安慰的）作表语。 5.答案：conscious; consciousness 考点：形容词作表语、名词作宾语 句意：她意识到自己的责任，并努力提升对环境保护的认知。 解析：第一空用形容词 conscious 构成 be conscious of 短语；第二空用名词 consciousness 作 improve 的宾语。 6.答案：violent 考点：形容词作定语 句意：由于恶劣天气，户外节日在最后一刻不得不取消，令数千名参与者失望。 解析：用形容词 violent 修饰名词 weather，意为 “恶劣的、猛烈的”。 7.答案：continuous 考点：形容词作定语 句意：我们寻求持续的改进，而非重大突破。 解析：用形容词 continuous 修饰名词 improvements，意为 “持续的、不断的”。 8.答案：absorbing; absorbed 考点：形容词作定语、形容词作表语 句意：这本引人入胜的书让我全神贯注，以至于忘记了时间。 解析：第一空用 absorbing（令人全神贯注的）修饰 book；第二空用 absorbed（全神贯注的）作表语，描述 “我” 的状态。 9.答案：dramatic; dramatically 考点：形容词作表语、副词修饰动词 句意：演员的表演富有戏剧性，甚至极大地改变了观众的情绪。 解析：第一空用形容词 dramatic 作表语；第二空用副词 dramatically 修饰动词 changed。 10.答案：fantastic 考点：形容词作定语 句意：这部奇幻小说充满了各种各样的生物和世界。 解析：用 fantastic 修饰 novel意为 “奇幻的”。 11.答案：frozen; freezing 考点：形容词作表语、形容词作定语 句意：湖面结冰了，严寒的气温预计还会持续。 解析：第一空用 frozen（结冰的）作表语；第二空用 freezing（严寒的）修饰 temperatures。 12.答案：mysterious; mysterious 考点：形容词作定语 句意：这部悬疑小说揭示了一个无人能猜到的神秘秘密。 解析：两空都用形容词 mysterious，分别修饰 novel 和 secret。 13.答案：stimulating; stimulation 考点：形容词作表语、名词作宾语 句意：他康复的消息令人振奋，为团队提供了急需的激励。 解析：第一空用 stimulating（令人振奋的）作表语；第二空用名词 stimulation 作 provide 的宾语。 14.答案：construct; construction 考点：动词原形、名词作定语 句意：他们计划建造一座新大楼，这将是一个重大的建筑项目。 解析：第一空在不定式符号 to 后用动词原形 construct；第二空用名词 construction 作定语修饰 project。 15.答案：described; description 考点：动词过去式、名词作主语 句意：他用生动的细节描述了这个故事，他的描述让情节更具吸引力。 解析：第一空用动词过去式 described 作谓语；第二空用名词 description 作主语。 16.答案：evident; evidently 考点：形容词作表语、副词修饰动词 句意：很明显她热爱诗歌，她显然每天花数小时阅读经典作品。 解析：第一空用形容词 evident 作表语；第二空用副词 evidently 修饰动词 spends。 17.答案：recited; recitative 考点：动词过去式、形容词作定语 句意：她饱含感情地朗诵了这首诗，她那朗诵般的嗓音感动了在场的每个人。 解析：第一空用动词过去式 recited 作谓语；第二空用形容词 recitative 修饰 voice。 18.答案：wanders; wandering 考点：动词第三人称单数、形容词作定语 句意：她上课时经常走神，这些飘忽的思绪让她错过关键知识。 解析：第一空用动词第三人称单数 wanders 作谓语；第二空用形容词 wandering 修饰 thoughts。 19.答案：forgive; forgiveness 考点：动词原形、名词作主语 句意：我请求你原谅我的错误，希望你的宽恕能挽救我们的友谊。 解析：第一空在不定式符号 to 后用动词原形 forgive；第二空用名词 forgiveness 作主语。 20.答案：poisoned; poisonous 考点：动词过去式、形容词作定语 句意：女巫给苹果下了毒，这有毒的水果让公主陷入了沉睡。 解析：第一空用动词过去式 poisoned 作谓语；第二空用形容词 poisonous 修饰 fruit。 21.答案：desperate; desperately 考点：形容词作定语、副词修饰动词 句意：他不顾一切地试图完成任务，他绝望地看着时钟，担心迟到。 解析：第一空用形容词 desperate 修饰 attempt；第二空用副词 desperately 修饰动词短语 looked at。 22.答案：construction; have been constructing 考点：名词作主语、现在完成进行时 句意：新图书馆的建设将于下月完工，工人们已经建造了一年多。 解析：第一空用名词 construction 作主语；第二空用现在完成进行时 have been constructing 表示动作从过去持续到现在。 23.答案：recollection; recollect 考点：名词作宾语、动词原形 句意：她对那晚没有清晰的记忆，甚至回忆不起一个细节。 解析：第一空用名词 recollection 作 has 的宾语；第二空在情态动词 can't 后用动词原形 recollect。 24.答案：solution; to solve 考点：名词作主语、不定式作目的状语 句意：这个谜语的答案出人意料，我们需要智慧来解开它。 解析：第一空用名词 solution 作主语；第二空用不定式 to solve 作目的状语。 25.答案：lonely; loneliness 考点：形容词作表语、名词作宾语 句意：他独自生活感到孤独，深深的孤独感让他回到了家乡。 解析：第一空用形容词 lonely（感到孤独的）作表语；第二空用名词 loneliness 作宾语。 26.答案：violently; violence 考点：副词修饰动词、名词作主语 句意：昨晚风刮得很猛烈，风暴的猛烈程度摧毁了许多树木。 解析：第一空用副词 violently 修饰动词 blew；第二空用名词 violence 作主语。 27.答案：unconscious; consciousness 考点：形容词作表语、名词作宾语 句意：他从自行车上摔下来，失去了知觉；当他恢复意识时，已经在医院了。 解析：第一空用形容词 unconscious（失去知觉的）作表语；第二空用名词 consciousness 作 regain 的宾语。 28.答案：passion; passionately 考点：名词作主语、副词修饰动词 句意：他对文学的热情显而易见，他热情地每月读四五本书。 解析：第一空用名词 passion 作主语；第二空用副词 passionately 修饰动词 reads。 29.答案：stretches; stretched 考点：动词第三人称单数、形容词作定语 句意：这片森林绵延数百英里，其广袤的土地是各种动物的家园。 解析：第一空用动词第三人称单数 stretches 作谓语；第二空用形容词 stretched（延伸的、广袤的）修饰 land。 30.答案：twinkle; twinkling 考点：动词原形、形容词作定语 句意：星星在夜晚明亮地闪烁，城镇闪烁的灯光像小星星。 解析：第一空用动词原形 twinkle 作谓语；第二空用形容词 twinkling 修饰 lights。 31.答案：created; creative 考点：动词过去式、形容词作定语 句意：这位作家为续集创造了一个新角色，这个富有创意的角色为故事增添了更多乐趣。 解析：第一空用动词过去式 created 作谓语；第二空用形容词 creative 修饰 role。 32.答案：disbelief; disbelieved 考点：名词作宾语、动词过去式 句意：她难以置信地看着我，她第一眼就不相信我说的话。 解析：第一空用名词 disbelief 作 with 的宾语；第二空用动词过去式 disbelieved 作谓语。 33.答案：emphasize; emphasis 考点：动词原形、名词作主语 句意：我们需要强调阅读经典作品的重要性，这种强调将帮助学生养成良好习惯。 解析：第一空在 need to 后用动词原形 emphasize；第二空用名词 emphasis 作主语。 34.答案：emotional; emotions 考点：形容词作定语、名词作宾语 句意：她是一个情绪化的人，读悲伤的故事时无法控制自己的情绪。 解析：第一空用形容词 emotional 修饰 person；第二空用名词复数 emotions 作 control 的宾语。 35.答案：imagine; imagination 考点：动词原形、名词作主语 句意：很难想象这个场景的美，他丰富的想象力使他成为一位伟大的作家。 解析：第一空在不定式符号 to 后用动词原形 imagine；第二空用名词 imagination 作主语。 36.答案：charming; charms 考点：形容词作定语、动词第三人称单数 句意：小说中迷人的风景写得很美，它吸引读者自己去想象这个场景。 解析：第一空用形容词 charming 修饰 landscape；第二空用动词第三人称单数 charms 作谓语。 37.答案：analyzed; analytical 考点：动词过去式、形容词作定语 句意：她仔细分析了这部文学作品的细节，她的分析性分析帮助我们更好地理解主题。 解析：第一空用动词过去式 analyzed 作谓语；第二空用形容词 analytical 修饰 analysis。 38.答案：dramatic; dramatically 考点：形容词作定语、副词修饰动词 句意：这个故事有一个戏剧性的结局，事件从中部开始戏剧性地发展。 解析：第一空用形容词 dramatic 修饰 ending；第二空用副词 dramatically 修饰动词 develop。 39.答案：sorrow; sorrowful 考点：名词作宾语、形容词作定语 句意：读完这本悲伤的小说后，她感到极大的悲伤，她悲伤的表情让朋友们担心。 解析：第一空用名词 sorrow 作 felt 的宾语；第二空用形容词 sorrowful 修饰 expression。 40.答案：pensive; pensively 考点：形容词作定语、副词修饰动词 句意：他坐在那里，神情沉思，若有所思地看着湖面，思考着故事的意义。 解析：第一空用形容词 pensive 修饰 mood；第二空用副词 pensively 修饰动词短语 looked at。 题型五、单词拼写 1.I like reading ____________ (小说) in my spare time, especially detective stories. 2.He wrote a lot of ____________ (诗歌) about nature and life when he was young. 3.This book is a classic of English ____________ (文学) and it is worth reading. 4.She ____________ (凝视) at him in surprise, wondering what he meant. 5.He took a piece of ____________ (空白的) paper and began to write a letter. 6.Don't listen to his ____________ (胡说); he always tells lies. 7.He ____________ (滑倒) on the ice and fell down heavily. 8.She looked at me in ____________ (怀疑), not believing what I said. 9.Stealing and killing are serious ____________ (罪行) in every country. 10.The river is ____________ (结冰的) because the temperature is below zero. 11.They spent the weekend ____________ (徘徊) around the mountains and taking photos. 12.The forest ____________ (延伸) for hundreds of miles in the north of the city. 13.The lights of the city ____________ (闪烁) in the distance at night. 14.He took a quick ____________ (一瞥) at the newspaper and put it down. 15.The wind blew ____________ (猛烈地) and the trees shook violently. 16.The sunken ship ____________ (下沉) to the bottom of the sea many years ago. 17.He ____________ (抓住) my arm and told me the good news excitedly. 18.He hit his head on the wall and was knocked ____________ (不省人事的). 19.The ____________ (建造) of the new hospital started last month and will finish next year. 20.Please ____________ (原谅) me for being late; I missed the early bus. 21.The snake is very ____________ (有毒的) and its bite can kill a person in minutes. 22.He is a man of ____________ (高尚的) character and everyone respects him. 23.She couldn't control her ____________ (情绪) and burst into tears. 24.All the ____________ (参与者) must follow the rules of the game. 25.The ____________ (情节) of the story is very interesting and full of surprises. 【答案】 1.fiction句意：我喜欢在业余时间读小说，尤其是侦探小说。（fiction 表 “小说”，为不可数名词） 2.poems句意：他年轻时写了很多关于自然和生活的诗歌。（poem 表 “诗歌”，为可数名词，a lot of 后接复数） 3.literature句意：这本书是英国文学的经典之作，值得一读。（literature 表 “文学”，为不可数名词） 4.stared句意：她惊讶地盯着他，想知道他是什么意思。（stare at 固定搭配 “凝视”，结合语境用一般过去时） 5.blank句意：他拿起一张空白的纸，开始写信。（blank 形容词 “空白的”，修饰名词 paper） 6.nonsense句意：别听他胡说，他总是撒谎。（nonsense 表 “胡说，废话”，为不可数名词） 7.slipped句意：他在冰上滑倒，重重地摔了下去。（slip 动词 “滑倒”，结合 fell 可知用一般过去时） 8.disbelief句意：她怀疑地看着我，不相信我说的话。（in disbelief 固定搭配 “怀疑地”，介词后接名词） 9.crimes句意：偷窃和杀人在每个国家都是严重的罪行。（crime 表 “罪行”，为可数名词，结合主语用复数） 10.frozen句意：这条河结冰了，因为气温在零度以下。（frozen 形容词 “结冰的”，作表语描述河流状态） 11.wandering句意：他们周末在山里徘徊，拍了很多照片。（spend time doing sth 固定搭配，wander around“徘徊，闲逛”） 12.stretches句意：这片森林在城市的北部绵延数百英里。（stretch 动词 “延伸”，主语 the forest 为单数，用一般现在时第三人称单数） 13.twinkle句意：夜晚，城市的灯光在远处闪烁。（twinkle 动词 “闪烁”，主语 the lights 为复数，用一般现在时原形） 14.glance句意：他快速瞥了一眼报纸，然后把它放下了。（take a glance at 固定搭配 “瞥一眼……”） 15.violently句意：风刮得很猛烈，树剧烈地摇晃。（violently 副词 “猛烈地”，修饰动词 blew） 16.sank句意：这艘沉船多年前沉到了海底。（sink 动词 “下沉”，过去式为 sank，结合 many years ago 用一般过去时） 17.grabbed句意：他抓住我的胳膊，兴奋地告诉我这个好消息。（grab 动词 “抓住”，结合 told 可知用一般过去时） 18.unconscious句意：他的头撞到了墙上，被撞得不省人事。（knock unconscious 固定搭配 “撞得失去知觉”，unconscious 形容词作补语） 19.construction句意：这家新医院的建造工程上个月动工，将于明年完工。（construction 名词 “建造，施工”，the 后接名词作主语） 20.forgive句意：请原谅我迟到了，我错过了早班车。（forgive 动词 “原谅”，祈使句用动词原形，forgive sb for doing sth “原谅某人做某事”） 21.poisonous句意：这条蛇有剧毒，被它咬了几分钟就会致人死亡。（poisonous 形容词 “有毒的”，作表语描述蛇的特征） 22.noble句意：他是一个品格高尚的人，所有人都尊敬他。（noble 形容词 “高尚的”，修饰名词 character） 23.emotions句意：她无法控制自己的情绪，突然哭了起来。（emotion 表 “情绪”，为可数名词，此处用复数表泛指） 24.participants句意：所有参与者都必须遵守比赛规则。（participant 表 “参与者”，为可数名词，all 后接复数） 25.plot句意：这个故事的情节非常有趣，充满了惊喜。（plot 表 “情节”，此处特指这个故事的情节，用单数） 题型六、完成句子 1.他盯着窗外，陷入了沉思。 He ____________ ____________ the window and lost himself in thought. 2.不要把父母的付出视为理所当然，要学会感恩。 Don't ____________ your parents' efforts ____________ ____________; learn to be grateful. 3.他在绝望中大喊救命，但没有人回应。 He shouted for help ____________ ____________, but no one replied. 4.小船撞到了礁石，开始慢慢下沉。 The boat hit a rock and began to ____________ ____________ slowly. 5.她一眼就认出了多年未见的老朋友。 She recognized her old friend who she hadn't seen for years ____________ ____________ ____________. 6.这条路绵延数公里，一直通向远方的村庄。 The road ____________ ____________ for miles, leading to the village in the distance. 7.他抓住了这个难得的机会，最终获得了成功。 He ____________ ____________ ____________ the rare opportunity and finally achieved success. 8.听到这个消息，她难以置信地摇了摇头。 Hearing the news, she shook her head ____________ ____________. 9.他在湿滑的地板上滑倒了，摔伤了胳膊。 He ____________ ____________ the wet floor and hurt his arm. 10.我们应该原谅别人的错误，学会宽容。 We should ____________ others ____________ their mistakes and learn to be tolerant. 【答案】 1.stared at 2.take; for granted 3.in desperation 4.sink down 5.at a glance 6.stretches out 7.grabbed hold of 8.in disbelief 9.slipped on 10.forgive; for 题型一、阅读理解 When I assigned my 10th-grade students to write an essay titled "Why Literature Matters", I expected thoughtful reflections. Instead, I received a stack of flat, formulaic papers. Most wrote that literature was "useful for college applications" or "necessary for future jobs". The same students who crafted vivid fictional stories in creative writing class had suddenly lost their voices. I realized the problem was not their lack of ability, but the assignment itself. It forced them to view literature as a tool, rather than a connection. So I scrapped the essay and gave them a new task: write a letter from the perspective of a literary character they loved, explaining why their story mattered to the modern world. The transformation was remarkable. A quiet student wrote as Atticus Finch from To Kill a Mockingbird, arguing that "kindness in the face of prejudice is still a revolutionary act". Another, who struggled with anxiety, channeled Harry Potter to remind readers that "it’s okay to ask for help when darkness feels overwhelming". These letters were not just well-written; they were felt. What struck me most was that my students didn’t just analyze literature—they lived it. Literature, I realized, is not a dusty textbook chapter or a bullet point on a resume. It is a mirror that shows us our own humanity, and a window that lets us see into others’ lives. It builds empathy by allowing us to walk in someone else’s shoes, even if that someone is a fictional character. In an age of digital distraction and increasing division, this kind of empathy is more important than ever. Literature doesn’t just teach us to read; it teaches us to understand. It reminds us that, despite our differences, we all share the same hopes, fears, and dreams. That is the true power of literature—not to get us into college, but to get us into the hearts of others. 1.Why did the students’ first essays disappoint the author? A. They were too short and poorly structured. B. They failed to show genuine understanding of literature. C. They lacked creativity in character description. D. They were full of grammatical mistakes and typos. 2.The underlined word "scrapped" in Paragraph 2 probably means ________. A. revised B. postponed C. abandoned D. simplified 3.What can we infer from the students’ letters? A. They all chose characters from classic novels. B. They connected literary themes to real-life issues. C. They improved their writing skills significantly. D. They preferred writing letters to writing essays. 4.What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text? A. To introduce a new teaching method for literature. B. To complain about students’ declining interest in reading. C. To emphasize the empathy-building value of literature. D. To encourage students to read more classic literary works. 【答案】 1.B细节理解题（因果关系定位） 根据第一段关键信息 “Most wrote that literature was 'useful for college applications' or 'necessary for future jobs'” 和 “The same students who crafted vivid fictional stories... had suddenly lost their voices” 可知，学生将文学仅视为升学和求职的工具，未能展现对文学真正价值的理解，这与 B 选项表述一致。A、D 选项文中未提及；C 选项与原文 “crafted vivid fictional stories” 矛盾，故排除。 2.C词义猜测题（上下文逻辑推断） 根据划线词前的 “I realized the problem was... the assignment itself” 和后文中的 “gave them a new task” 可知，作者发现原作业存在问题，于是放弃了这篇作文，转而布置了新任务。“abandoned”（放弃）符合上下文逻辑；A 项 “修订”、B 项 “推迟”、D 项 “简化” 均无法体现 “更换全新任务” 的动作，故排除。 3.B推理判断题（基于细节的合理推断） 根据第三段例子可知，学生以阿蒂克斯・芬奇的身份探讨 “偏见与善良”，以哈利・波特的视角探讨 “焦虑与求助”，这些都是将文学作品的主题与当代现实问题相结合，由此可推断 B 选项正确。A 选项 “all” 表述绝对，文中未提及所有学生都选择经典小说角色；C 选项 “写作技巧显著提升” 并非作者强调的重点，属于过度推断；D 选项 “更喜欢写信” 文中未体现，故排除。 4.C主旨大意题（作者写作意图归纳） 文章最后两段是主旨核心，作者通过教学经历得出结论：“Literature... builds empathy by allowing us to walk in someone else’s shoes” 和 “In an age of... division, this kind of empathy is more important than ever”，明确强调了文学在培养同理心方面的核心价值，与 C 选项完全契合。A 选项 “介绍新教学方法” 是文章的引子，并非最终目的；B 选项 “抱怨学生阅读兴趣下降” 文中未体现；D 选项 “鼓励阅读经典” 是引申意义，并非作者写作的核心意图，故排除。 题型二、应用文写作 假定你是李华，你校英文报正在举办 “我最喜爱的文学作品” 征文活动，请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1.介绍你最喜爱的文学作品； 2.说明你喜欢它的原因； 3.谈谈它对你的影响。 注意：词数 80 左右，语言流畅，内容完整。 【答案】 My Favourite Literary Work My favourite literary work is The Last Leaf by O. Henry. It's a touching short story about three artists in Greenwich Village. I love it mainly because of its warm theme and surprising ending. The story shows the great power of kindness and love—Mr Behrman's sacrifice saves Johnsy's life. Besides, O. Henry's writing style is fascinating, with vivid descriptions and real characters. This story teaches me to be kind and optimistic. It makes me realize that love can always bring hope even in the hardest time. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于记叙文类英语作文，属于 “文学评论 + 个人感悟” 类写作，考查考生对文学作品的理解、观点表达和语言组织能力。 【详解】 1.词汇积累 喜欢的：favourite → beloved /cherished 感人的：touching → heartwarming /moving 迷人的：fascinating → captivating /engaging 生动的：vivid → vividly depicted /lifelike 意识到：realize → be aware of /come to realize 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I love it mainly because of its warm theme and surprising ending. 拓展句：The primary reason why I hold this story so dear is its heartwarming theme and the unexpected twist at the end, which lingers in my mind long after reading. 【点睛】 高分句型 1：It is love that can always bring hope even in the hardest time, which makes me realize the power of selflessness.（此处用 It is...that... 强调主语love，后接 which 引导的非限定性定语从句衔接前文，既保留原句核心含义，又通过强调句型提升语法复杂度）。 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 8 Literature重难词汇精练 词汇夯基·专项突破 1 题型一、词性转换 1 题型二、核心短语 2 题型三、一词多用 2 题型四、单句语法填空 2 题型五、单词拼写 4 题型六、完成句子 5 综合攻坚·能力跃升 6 题型一、阅读理解 6 题型二、应用文写作 7 题型一、词性转换 1.__________n. 小说；虚构→__________adj. 虚构的；小说的 2.__________n. 诗人→__________n. 诗→__________n. 诗歌；诗意 3.__________adj. 文学的→__________n. 文学；文献 4.__________adj. 空白的→__________adv. 空白地；无表情地 5.__________v. 相信；认为→__________n. 不信；怀疑→__________adj. 难以置信的 6.__________n. 罪；罪行→__________adj. 有罪的；犯罪的→__________n. 罪犯 7.__________adj. 结冰的；冷冻的→__________v. 冻结；结冰→__________n. 霜；冻结 8.__________adj. 持续的；不间断的→__________v. 继续；延续→__________n. 继续；延续 9.__________adj. 暴力的；强烈的→__________n. 暴力；暴行→__________adv. 暴力地；猛烈地 10.__________adj. 无意识的；不省人事的→__________n. 意识→__________adj. 有意识的 11.__________n. 建造；建筑物→__________v. 建造；建设→__________adj. 建设性的 12.__________v. 原谅；宽恕→__________n. 原谅；宽恕 13.__________n. 毒药；毒素v. 毒害；下毒→__________adj. 有毒的 14.__________adj. 高尚的；崇高的 n. 贵族；高尚的人→__________adv. 高尚地 15.__________adj. 情感的；情绪的→__________n. 情感；情绪→__________adv. 情感上 16.__________n. 参与者；参加者→__________v. 参与；参加→__________n. 参与；参加 题型二、核心短语 1.____________ 凝视；盯着看 2.____________ 溜走；悄悄离开 3.____________ 不信；怀疑地 4.____________ 犯罪；犯错误 5.____________ 一瞥；看一眼 6.____________ 延伸；绵延 7.____________ 陷入绝望；拼命 8.____________ 下沉；沉没 9.____________ 弹起；反弹 10.____________ 视…… 为理所当然 11.____________ 简言之；总之 12.____________ 充满；装满 13.____________ 坚持；固守 14.____________ 偶然遇见；碰见 15.____________ 结果是；证明是 16.____________ 为…… 报仇；报复 题型三、一词多用 stare 1.She ____________ (stare) at the blackboard for a long time, but she didn't understand a word. 2.Under his cold ____________ (stare), she felt very nervous and didn't dare to speak. 3.The little boy stood there, ____________ (stare) at the strange animal in surprise. wander 1.We spent the whole afternoon ____________ (wander) around the old town and enjoying the scenery. 2.His mind ____________ (wander) when the teacher was speaking, so he missed the key points. 3.The ____________ (wander) traveler finally found his way back to the hotel. comfort 1.She found ____________ (comfort) in her mother's words. 2.The new sofa is very ____________ (comfort) to sit on. 3.I tried to ____________ (comfort) her after she failed the exam. 题型四、单句语法填空 1.__________ for success, he worked __________ day and night. (desperate) 2.He took time to __________ his shoes and always presented himself in a __________ manner. (polish) 3.Sarah went on an __________ in the mountains and proved herself to be __________. (adventure) 4.She found __________ in her friend's words and felt more __________ afterward. (comfort) 5.She was __________ of her responsibilities and worked to improve her __________ about environmental protection. (conscious) 6.Because of the __________ (violence) weather, the outdoor festival had to be cancelled at the last minute, disappointing thousands of attendees. 7.We are seeking __________ (continue) improvements, rather than great breakthroughs. 8.The __________ book had me so __________ that I forgot time. (absorb) 9.The actors' performances were __________ and even changed the mood of the audience __________. (drama) 10.The __________ novel was filled with __________ creatures and worlds. (fantasy) 11.The lake is __________, and the __________ temperatures are expected to continue. (freeze) 12.The __________ novel revealed a __________ secret that no one could have guessed. (mystery) 13.The news about his recovery was __________ and provided much-needed __________ for the team. (stimulate) 14.They plan to __________ a new building, which will be a major __________ project. (construct) 15.He __________ the story with vivid details and his __________ made the plot more attractive. (describe) 16.It is __________ that she loves poetry, and she __________ spends hours reading classic works every day. (evident) 17.She __________ the poem with feeling, and her __________ voice moved everyone present. (recite) 18.Her mind often __________ in class, and these __________ thoughts made her miss key knowledge. (wander) 19.I beg you to __________ my mistake, and I hope your __________ can save our friendship. (forgive) 20.The witch __________ the apple, and the __________ fruit made the princess fall into a deep sleep. (poison) 21.He made a __________ attempt to finish the task, and he looked at the clock __________ worrying about being late. (desperate) 22.The __________ of the new library will finish next month, and workers __________ it for over a year. (construct) 23.She has no clear __________ of that night, and she can't __________ even a single detail. (recollect) 24.The __________ to the riddle is unexpected, and we need wisdom __________ it. (solve) 25.He felt __________ living alone, and his deep __________ made him return to his hometown. (lonely) 26.The wind blew __________ last night, and the __________ of the storm destroyed many trees. (violent) 27.He fell off the bike and was __________; when he regained __________, he was in the hospital. (conscious) 28.His __________ for literature is obvious, and he __________ reads four or five books a month. (passionate) 29.The forest __________ for hundreds of miles, and its __________ land is home to various animals. (stretch) 30.The stars __________ brightly at night, and the __________ lights of the town look like little stars. (twinkle) 31.The writer __________ a new character for the sequel, and this __________ role adds more fun to the story. (create) 32.She looked at me with __________, and she __________ what I said at first sight. (disbelieve) 33.We need to __________ the importance of reading classic works, and this __________ will help students develop good habits. (emphasize) 34.She is an __________ person, and she can't control her __________ when reading sad stories. (emotion) 35.It's hard to __________ the beauty of the scene, and his rich __________ makes him a great writer. (imagine) 36.The __________ landscape in the novel is beautifully written, and it __________ readers to imagine the scene themselves. (charm) 37.She __________ the details of the literary work carefully, and her __________ analysis helped us understand the theme better. (analyze) 38.The story has a __________ ending, and the events develop __________ from the middle part. (drama) 39.She felt great __________ after reading the sad novel, and her __________ expression made friends worry. (sorrow) 40.He sat there in a __________ mood, and he looked at the lake __________ thinking about the story's meaning. (pensive) 题型五、单词拼写 1.I like reading ____________ (小说) in my spare time, especially detective stories. 2.He wrote a lot of ____________ (诗歌) about nature and life when he was young. 3.This book is a classic of English ____________ (文学) and it is worth reading. 4.She ____________ (凝视) at him in surprise, wondering what he meant. 5.He took a piece of ____________ (空白的) paper and began to write a letter. 6.Don't listen to his ____________ (胡说); he always tells lies. 7.He ____________ (滑倒) on the ice and fell down heavily. 8.She looked at me in ____________ (怀疑), not believing what I said. 9.Stealing and killing are serious ____________ (罪行) in every country. 10.The river is ____________ (结冰的) because the temperature is below zero. 11.They spent the weekend ____________ (徘徊) around the mountains and taking photos. 12.The forest ____________ (延伸) for hundreds of miles in the north of the city. 13.The lights of the city ____________ (闪烁) in the distance at night. 14.He took a quick ____________ (一瞥) at the newspaper and put it down. 15.The wind blew ____________ (猛烈地) and the trees shook violently. 16.The sunken ship ____________ (下沉) to the bottom of the sea many years ago. 17.He ____________ (抓住) my arm and told me the good news excitedly. 18.He hit his head on the wall and was knocked ____________ (不省人事的). 19.The ____________ (建造) of the new hospital started last month and will finish next year. 20.Please ____________ (原谅) me for being late; I missed the early bus. 21.The snake is very ____________ (有毒的) and its bite can kill a person in minutes. 22.He is a man of ____________ (高尚的) character and everyone respects him. 23.She couldn't control her ____________ (情绪) and burst into tears. 24.All the ____________ (参与者) must follow the rules of the game. 25.The ____________ (情节) of the story is very interesting and full of surprises. 题型六、完成句子 1.他盯着窗外，陷入了沉思。 He ____________ ____________ the window and lost himself in thought. 2.不要把父母的付出视为理所当然，要学会感恩。 Don't ____________ your parents' efforts ____________ ____________; learn to be grateful. 3.他在绝望中大喊救命，但没有人回应。 He shouted for help ____________ ____________, but no one replied. 4.小船撞到了礁石，开始慢慢下沉。 The boat hit a rock and began to ____________ ____________ slowly. 5.她一眼就认出了多年未见的老朋友。 She recognized her old friend who she hadn't seen for years ____________ ____________ ____________. 6.这条路绵延数公里，一直通向远方的村庄。 The road ____________ ____________ for miles, leading to the village in the distance. 7.他抓住了这个难得的机会，最终获得了成功。 He ____________ ____________ ____________ the rare opportunity and finally achieved success. 8.听到这个消息，她难以置信地摇了摇头。 Hearing the news, she shook her head ____________ ____________. 9.他在湿滑的地板上滑倒了，摔伤了胳膊。 He ____________ ____________ the wet floor and hurt his arm. 10.我们应该原谅别人的错误，学会宽容。 We should ____________ others ____________ their mistakes and learn to be tolerant. 题型一、阅读理解 When I assigned my 10th-grade students to write an essay titled "Why Literature Matters", I expected thoughtful reflections. Instead, I received a stack of flat, formulaic papers. Most wrote that literature was "useful for college applications" or "necessary for future jobs". The same students who crafted vivid fictional stories in creative writing class had suddenly lost their voices. I realized the problem was not their lack of ability, but the assignment itself. It forced them to view literature as a tool, rather than a connection. So I scrapped the essay and gave them a new task: write a letter from the perspective of a literary character they loved, explaining why their story mattered to the modern world. The transformation was remarkable. A quiet student wrote as Atticus Finch from To Kill a Mockingbird, arguing that "kindness in the face of prejudice is still a revolutionary act". Another, who struggled with anxiety, channeled Harry Potter to remind readers that "it’s okay to ask for help when darkness feels overwhelming". These letters were not just well-written; they were felt. What struck me most was that my students didn’t just analyze literature—they lived it. Literature, I realized, is not a dusty textbook chapter or a bullet point on a resume. It is a mirror that shows us our own humanity, and a window that lets us see into others’ lives. It builds empathy by allowing us to walk in someone else’s shoes, even if that someone is a fictional character. In an age of digital distraction and increasing division, this kind of empathy is more important than ever. Literature doesn’t just teach us to read; it teaches us to understand. It reminds us that, despite our differences, we all share the same hopes, fears, and dreams. That is the true power of literature—not to get us into college, but to get us into the hearts of others. 1.Why did the students’ first essays disappoint the author? A. They were too short and poorly structured. B. They failed to show genuine understanding of literature. C. They lacked creativity in character description. D. They were full of grammatical mistakes and typos. 2.The underlined word "scrapped" in Paragraph 2 probably means ________. A. revised B. postponed C. abandoned D. simplified 3.What can we infer from the students’ letters? A. They all chose characters from classic novels. B. They connected literary themes to real-life issues. C. They improved their writing skills significantly. D. They preferred writing letters to writing essays. 4.What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text? A. To introduce a new teaching method for literature. B. To complain about students’ declining interest in reading. C. To emphasize the empathy-building value of literature. D. To encourage students to read more classic literary works. 题型二、应用文写作 假定你是李华，你校英文报正在举办 “我最喜爱的文学作品” 征文活动，请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1.介绍你最喜爱的文学作品； 2.说明你喜欢它的原因； 3.谈谈它对你的影响。 注意：词数 80 左右，语言流畅，内容完整。 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $