Unit 2 Great inventions and discoveries（语法选择专练）英语新教材沪教版五四制八年级下册

Unit 2 Great inventions and discoveries（语法选择专练） 基础篇 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在各小题所给的三个选项中，选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 Our cities are busy and crowded. Sometimes they are not smart enough. As a teenager living in Dongguan, Guangdong, 13-year-old Wu Yuhang 1 this is a problem. “Crossing the streets can be 2 . Drivers can’t see traffic lights (交通灯) 3 their cars are behind a bus. Some careless people can’t 4 their eyes off their phones. I once saw a big board fall 5 in a big wind and cut a tree in half. That was terrible,” said Wu. “I’m trying to find ‘smart’ ways to solve these 6 .” To stop drivers from playing with their phones, Wu created a signal-blocking device (信号屏蔽装置) and put it at the crossing. He also 7 an assistant system (辅助系统) for traffic lights. Now it is much 8 for drivers to see traffic lights. Wu has a big plan for his future—to be 9 engineer. “China still has a long way to go in computer science. And I will try 10 best to make our cities smarter.” 1．A．think B．thinks C．thinking 2．A．dangerous B．dangerously C．danger 3．A．although B．unless C．when 4．A．keep B．to keep C．keeping 5．A．at B．on C．down 6．A．problem B．problems C．problem’s 7．A．will make B．make C．made 8．A．easy B．easier C．easiest 9．A．an B．a C．the 10．A．me B．my C．mine Passage 2 There are a number of animals that glow (发光) in some way—including several kinds of insects (昆虫) and fish. Some kinds of mushrooms (蘑菇) glow, too. 1 most plants don’t glow. Now scientists are working to change that. Now, researchers at 2 Russian company, working with the scientists from 3 countries have come up with a new method of creating (创造) glowing plants. The plants 4 glow as long as they are alive. Though mushrooms and plants glow very 5 , the scientists focused on an acid (酸) that was found in both plants and mushrooms. They added certain parts of the DNA from glowing mushrooms to ordinary tobacco (烟草) plants. In this way, the scientists 6 able to create plants that could make their own luciferin (荧光素) using this acid. The glow came from all parts of the plants—leaves, roots, and flowers. The scientists reported that the green 7 was about 10 times brighter (更亮的) than the light in earlier glowing plants. The glow was strong enough 8 easily recorded with an ordinary (普通的) camera, and it wasn’t bad 9 the health of the plants. The researchers believe that glowing plants can help scientists learn more about the way plats work. But the researchers don’t think the plants will just be used for science. They think many people may want glowing plants for 10 beauty. The scientists have already shown that a few common flowers can be made to glow, such as roses. 1．A．And B．But C．So 2．A．a B．an C．the 3．A．another B．other C．the other 4．A．need B．must C．can 5．A．difference B．different C．differently 6．A．is B．are C．were 7．A．lights B．light C．lights’ 8．A．be B．being C．to be 9．A．in B．with C．for 10．A．theirs B．them C．their Passage 3 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 The umbrella is a useful invention. It is a very common thing in 1 daily lives. It has a long history in China. There are many stories about the invention of the umbrella. 2 most popular one is about Lu Ban. One day, Lu Ban and his sister wanted to visit the West Lake, 3 it suddenly rained hard. The sister said, “It’s a pity that we can’t visit the West Lake on rainy days. Why not have a competition?” They decided 4 a way to solve the problem before sunrise tomorrow. Lu Ban thought it was easy. He said to himself, “I will build enough pavilions (亭子).” So he spent the whole night 5 ten pavilions around the lake. He thought he was sure to beat his sister. The next morning, when Lu Ban was talking proudly about his work, his sister 6 . She was holding something special in her hand. She opened it. It was round and made of silk and bamboo strips. It was light and beautiful. People could carry it 7 . Lu Ban was surprised and said, “You win. Your ‘pavilion’ is much 8 than mine.” That was the first umbrella. Later, paper with tung oil (桐油) was used instead 9 silk. The umbrella became common for people to use. 10 interesting the story was! 1．A．us B．our C．ours 2．A．A B．An C．The 3．A．because B．although C．but 4．A．to find B．finding C．find 5．A．build B．building C．to build 6．A．come B．comes C．came 7．A．easily B．easy C．easier 8．A．good B．well C．better 9．A．to B．of C．for 10．A．How B．What C．What a Passage 4 Huang Xuhua, a great scientist, is widely known as the “Father of China’s Nuclear Submarine (核潜艇).” He was born in Guangdong in 1926. He wanted 1 a doctor at first, but the war changed his mind. He decided to study shipbuilding to protect his country. In 1958, he received a secret call for a special project. He learned that China wanted to build its own nuclear submarine. At that time, China had a weak 2 and no experience in making such powerful weapons (武器), but he was confident that China could succeed. Huang and his team worked day and night and even gave up meeting their families 3 many years. This was one of the 4 times in his life. They faced many difficulties, but they 5 to their dream. With their hard work, they achieved their goal 6 —China’s first nuclear submarine was formally put into use in 1974. 7 great achievement (成就)! Huang Xuhua loved China deeply and gave his whole life to our country. He once said, “ 8 scientist should always put his country before his own interests.” Chinese people all respect him 9 his work made China stronger and safer. His story tells us that we can realize our dreams if we try 10 best. He encouraged all Chinese people to keep on working for the dream of a strong China. 1．A．to be B．is C．being 2．A．industry B．industries C．industry’s 3．A．with B．for C．to 4．A．hard B．harder C．hardest 5．A．stick B．stuck C．sticks 6．A．final B．finally C．finals 7．A．How B．How a C．What a 8．A．A B．An C．The 9．A．but B．so C．because 10．A．us B．our C．ourselves Passage 5 Stephen Hawking was a British scientist. Many people think he was one of the greatest scientists in the 1 century. In 2018, the world famous scientist 2 in Cambridge. Hawking is named the King of the Universe. He wrote books to help more people understand the universe much 3 . A Brief History of Time is one of 4 popular books. He also spent plenty of time 5 black holes. And he thought that the universe started with the Big Bang and would end in black holes 6 . Hawking lived a 7 life. When he studied at Oxford University, he became seriously ill. Without the help of machines, he was not able to speak or breathe. However, he went on working hard to become 8 excellent scientist. At first, he was very nervous. But later he found that there were lots of things he wanted 9 . Hawking’s unusual experience shows an important lesson 10 us, we should not lose hope, no matter how bad the situation is. 1．A．twenties B．twentieth C．twenty 2．A．die B．dies C．died 3．A．well B．best C．better 4．A．he B．his C．him 5．A．to study B．studying C．studied 6．A．slowly B．slower C．slow 7．A．hard B．hardly C．harder 8．A．a B．an C．the 9．A．to do B．do C．doing 10．A．for B．with C．against 提升篇 Passage 1 Do you know about computers? The computer is one of the most important inventions in the world. It 1 our lives in many ways. Before the computer was invented, people had to do 2 work by hand, such as calculating (计算) numbers and writing documents. It took them a long time 3 these tasks. 4 the development of computers, we can now do many things more 5 . We can use computers to search for information, communicate with others, play games and even do business. Computers also help scientists 6 research. They can analyze (分析) a number of things quickly. However, the computer also brings some problems. For example, many people spend too much time 7 computer games. It is bad for their eyes and health. Also, there are some problems with online safety. We need to be careful 8 using the computer. What’s more, we can’t overuse (过度使用) computers, or we 9 some basic skills. So, it’s important for us to use 10 computer properly. We know everything has two sides. 1．A．changes B．changed C．has changed 2．A．many B．lots of C．a lot 3．A．finish B．finishing C．to finish 4．A．Of B．With C．At 5．A．easy B．easily C．easier 6．A．do B．did C．doing 7．A．play B．playing C．to play 8．A．why B．what C．when 9．A．will lose B．are losing C．were losing 10．A．a B．an C．the Passage 2 The history of human progress is full of wonderful inventions. Among all of them, paper is one of 1 most important inventions. Without it, knowledge 2 spread so widely around the world in ancient times. In ancient China, people used to write on bamboo or silk. However, these materials were either too heavy 3 too expensive. Then, about two 4 years ago, a man named Cai Lun 5 improved the way of making paper from tree bark and old cloth. His invention was much lighter than any earlier writing material. Since then, paper 6 an important part of our lives. We use it for books, newspapers, and art. But does 7 know exactly how many trees we use for paper every year? The number is huge and it keeps growing. 8 we start using paper more wisely, our forests might disappear one day. That’s why scientists are now looking for new materials. Some say that electronic (电子的) paper will become even 9 in the future because it can be reused. Last week, our class visited a science museum. We saw a model of Cai Lun’s workshop there. It helped us understand how hard people worked in the past to bring us such a useful invention. 10 amazing invention paper is! It shows how human wisdom can change the world. 1．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 2．A．needn’t B．couldn’t C．shouldn’t D．mustn’t 3．A．or B．and C．but D．so 4．A．thousands B．thousand C．thousands of D．thousand of 5．A．successful B．more successful C．successfully D．more successfully 6．A．was B．is C．had been D．has been 7．A．anybody B．nobody C．somebody D．everybody 8．A．If B．Because C．Though D．Unless 9．A．popular B．more popular C．popularly D．more popularly 10．A．What B．What a C．What an D．How Passage 3 Making the Night Bright Before the late 19th century, when the sun went down, the world became dark. People relied on candles and gas lamps 1 . However, Thomas Edison, one of the greatest inventors in history, was determined to change this. He wanted to create an electric light that was safe and cheap enough for everyone. Edison did not invent the first light bulb, but he made the first practical one. 2 part was finding the right material for the filament (灯丝). He and his team tried thousands of different materials, from cotton to bamboo. They failed again and again. Yet, Edison didn’t give up. He said, “I haven’t failed. I’ve just found 10,000 ways 3 won’t work.” Finally, in 1879, he succeeded. A bulb using a carbon filament burned for 13.5 hours. It was a huge success. Soon, his invention 4 to the public. The news spread quickly in newspapers around the world. People were 5 that a small glass ball could turn night into day. Edison’s success teaches us a lesson about persistence (坚持). Giving up was never an option for him. He believed that genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration (汗水). Today, 6 we turn on a light, we should thank the man who lit up the world. 7 we have LED lights now, the principle remains the same. The light bulb is 8 important an invention that we cannot imagine life without it. It allows us to work and 9 long after sunset. It is truly 10 symbol of human intelligence. 1．A．seen B．seeing C．to see 2．A．The hardest B．Harder C．Hard 3．A．when B．where C．that 4．A．introduced B．was introduced C．introduces 5．A．to amaze B．amazing C．amazed 6．A．whenever B．whatever C．however 7．A．Although B．Because C．If 8．A．such B．too C．so 9．A．played B．playing C．play 10．A．/ B．a C．an Passage 4 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 Albert Einstein once said, “I have no special talents. I am only passionately curious.” The 1 inventions in history would be impossible without curiosity. Curiosity can bring new discoveries. Benjamin Franklin is 2 great example. He was drawn to electricity and had a deep curiosity about its nature. He did lots of research to try to understand it. For example, he flew a kite 3 a storm. His curiosity led him to invent the lightning rod. Since then, this simple rod 4 thousands of buildings from lightning fires. Curiosity can also make people brave. Just look at Wan Hu, the Ming Dynasty pioneer of space exploration. He was so curious about space that he invented a “flying chair”! He lost 5 life while testing this invention. 6 he failed, his dream has given ideas to many modern rocket scientists. But curiosity is more than just taking risks. It also drives people toward certain 7 . Zhang Heng, a Chinese scientist and 8 , was curious about the world: how did everything in the world move? Night after night he was watching the stars while others 9 . Finally, he drew China’s first star map and invented the first earthquake detector. His curiosity continues 10 scientists today. As Jacques Cousteau said, “What is a scientist after all? It is a curious man looking through a keyhole, the keyhole of nature, trying to know what’s going on.” Curiosity is the key. It opens one door after another for us to discover a new world. 1．A．great B．greater C．greatest 2．A．a B．an C．the 3．A．at B．opposite C．during 4．A．saved B．has saved C．will save 5．A．his B．him C．he 6．A．But B．Although C．Because 7．A．goals B．goal’s C．goal 8．A．invent B．invention C．inventor 9．A．slept B．were sleeping C．sleep 10．A．influence B．to influence C．influencing Passage 5 在每小题所给的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应的选项涂黑。 Yuan Longping, a world-famous Chinese scientist, has saved people without any magic. His success on hybrid rice (杂交水稻) has already fed 1 people in hunger. Yuan has spent all 2 life helping China feed nearly one-fifth of the world’s population with only about 7% of the world’s land. 3 great he is! Yuan was born on September 7, 1930. After graduating (毕业) from the Southwest Agriculture (农业) College, he worked 4 a teacher at an agriculture school in Hunan Province. About 60 years ago, some natural disasters hit China. Yuan saw many people lose their lives because of hunger every day. Since then, he 5 a lot of research on how to grow good rice. In 1964, he found a natural hybrid rice plant by accident. It had great advantages over others. Yuan was excited to see what he discovered. He then decided 6 this special plant. In 1973, he started to grow a kind of hybrid rice. It produced 20% more rice each unit than common ones. The next year, he made great progress. This progress made China become the world’s leader in rice production. In China, Yuan’s hybrid rice is grown in most rice fields. He is called the “Father of Hybrid Rice”. He has 7 dream. He hopes hybrid rice will grow as 8 as Chinese sorghum (高粱) one day! Sadly, he 9 of illness at 1:07 p.m. on May 22nd, 2021, at the age of 91. Many people think 10 it is a great loss (损失) to the world. 1．A．millions of B．million C．millions D．million of 2．A．him B．he C．his D．himself 3．A．How a B．How C．What D．What an 4．A．for B．in C．against D．as 5．A．has done B．will do C．does D．do 6．A．studying B．to study C．studied D．study 7．A．an B．the C．/ D．a 8．A．taller B．tallest C．tall D．the taller 9．A．died B．dies C．dead D．dying 10．A．what B．if C．whether D．that 2 / 23 1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Great inventions and discoveries（语法选择专练） 基础篇 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在各小题所给的三个选项中，选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 Our cities are busy and crowded. Sometimes they are not smart enough. As a teenager living in Dongguan, Guangdong, 13-year-old Wu Yuhang 1 this is a problem. “Crossing the streets can be 2 . Drivers can’t see traffic lights (交通灯) 3 their cars are behind a bus. Some careless people can’t 4 their eyes off their phones. I once saw a big board fall 5 in a big wind and cut a tree in half. That was terrible,” said Wu. “I’m trying to find ‘smart’ ways to solve these 6 .” To stop drivers from playing with their phones, Wu created a signal-blocking device (信号屏蔽装置) and put it at the crossing. He also 7 an assistant system (辅助系统) for traffic lights. Now it is much 8 for drivers to see traffic lights. Wu has a big plan for his future—to be 9 engineer. “China still has a long way to go in computer science. And I will try 10 best to make our cities smarter.” 1．A．think B．thinks C．thinking 2．A．dangerous B．dangerously C．danger 3．A．although B．unless C．when 4．A．keep B．to keep C．keeping 5．A．at B．on C．down 6．A．problem B．problems C．problem’s 7．A．will make B．make C．made 8．A．easy B．easier C．easiest 9．A．an B．a C．the 10．A．me B．my C．mine 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．C 8．B 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述的是一个13岁的青少年发明了一个辅助系统，能够让司机在路上更安全地行驶。 1．句意：作为一个住在广东东莞的青少年，13岁的吴宇航认为这是一个问题。 think认为；thinks是think的第三人称单数形式；thinking是think的现在分词形式。主语是13-year-old Wu Yuhang，所以谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式。故选B。 2．句意：过马路可能是危险的。 dangerous危险的，形容词；dangerously危险地，副词；danger危险，名词。根据“Crossing the streets can be…”可知，句子结构为主系表结构，应该填形容词作表语。故选A。 3．句意：当司机的车在公共汽车后面时，他们看不到红绿灯。 although尽管；unless除非；when当……时。根据“Drivers can’t see traffic lights (交通灯) …their cars are behind a bus.”可知，前后句表示的是时间关系。故选C。 4．句意：有些粗心大意的人目不转睛地看手机。 keep保持；to keep是keep的不定式；keeping是keep的现在分词形式。根据空格前的can’t可知，情态动词后面加动词原形。故选A。 5．句意：有一次，我看到一个大的木板在大风中掉下来，把树切成了两半。 at在；on在……上；down下来。根据“I once saw a big board fall … in a big wind and cut a tree in half.”可知，木板被风刮下来把树切成了两半。故选C。 6．句意：我正在努力寻找“智能”的方式解决这些问题。 problem问题；problems是problem的复数形式；problem’s是所有格形式。根据空前的these可知，此处应该填复数形式。故选B。 7．句意：他也为交通信号灯制作了一个辅助系统。 will make一般将来时；make一般现在时；made一般过去时。根据“To stop drivers from playing with their phones, Wu created a signal-blocking device (信号屏蔽装置) and put it at the crossing. He also…”可知，这是在描述他做过的事情，应该用一般过去时。故选C。 8．句意：现在对于司机来说，看交通信号灯更加容易了。 easy容易的；easier是比较级；easiest是最高级。根据“Now it is much … for drivers to see traffic lights.”可知，此处是现在与过去对比，看交通信号灯变得更容易，并且much后要加形容词的比较级形式。故选B。 9．句意：吴对于他的未来有一个大的计划——成为一名工程师。 an泛指一个，后加元音音素开头的单词；a泛指一个，后加辅音音素开头的单词；the表示特指。根据“to be … engineer”可知，此处泛指一个工程师，并且engineer是元音音素开头。故选A。 10．句意：而且我会尽我最大的努力让我的城市变得更加智能。 me我，宾格；my我的，形容词性物主代词；mine我的，名词性物主代词。try one’s best to do表示“尽某人最大努力去做”，所以填形容词性物主代词。故选B。 Passage 2 There are a number of animals that glow (发光) in some way—including several kinds of insects (昆虫) and fish. Some kinds of mushrooms (蘑菇) glow, too. 1 most plants don’t glow. Now scientists are working to change that. Now, researchers at 2 Russian company, working with the scientists from 3 countries have come up with a new method of creating (创造) glowing plants. The plants 4 glow as long as they are alive. Though mushrooms and plants glow very 5 , the scientists focused on an acid (酸) that was found in both plants and mushrooms. They added certain parts of the DNA from glowing mushrooms to ordinary tobacco (烟草) plants. In this way, the scientists 6 able to create plants that could make their own luciferin (荧光素) using this acid. The glow came from all parts of the plants—leaves, roots, and flowers. The scientists reported that the green 7 was about 10 times brighter (更亮的) than the light in earlier glowing plants. The glow was strong enough 8 easily recorded with an ordinary (普通的) camera, and it wasn’t bad 9 the health of the plants. The researchers believe that glowing plants can help scientists learn more about the way plats work. But the researchers don’t think the plants will just be used for science. They think many people may want glowing plants for 10 beauty. The scientists have already shown that a few common flowers can be made to glow, such as roses. 1．A．And B．But C．So 2．A．a B．an C．the 3．A．another B．other C．the other 4．A．need B．must C．can 5．A．difference B．different C．differently 6．A．is B．are C．were 7．A．lights B．light C．lights’ 8．A．be B．being C．to be 9．A．in B．with C．for 10．A．theirs B．them C．their 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．C 6．C 7．B 8．C 9．C 10．C 【导语】本文主要讲述科学家们研究出让植物发光的方法。 1．句意：但大多数植物不会发光。 And和；But但是；So因此。根据上文“There are a number of animals that glow (发光) in some way”及空后的“most plants don’t glow”的语境可知，此处句意发生了转折，B项符合。故选B。 2．句意：现在，一家俄罗斯公司的研究人员与其他国家的科学家合作，提出了一种创造发光植物的新方法。 a一个，不定冠词，泛指，用于辅音音素前；an一个，不定冠词，泛指，用于元音音素前；the这个，定冠词，表示特指。根据语境可知，此处表示泛指的含义，空后的“Russian”是以辅音音素开头的单词，用a。故选A。 3．句意：现在，一家俄罗斯公司的研究人员与其他国家的科学家合作，提出了一种创造)发光植物的新方法。 another三者或三者以上的另一个；other其他的，后常加名词复数；the other两者中的另一个。根据空后的“countries”为名词复数可知，此处用other。故选B。 4．句意：植物只要活着就可以发光。 need需要；must必须；can能够。根据“The plants…glow as long as they are alive.”的语境并结合选项可知，此处指植物只要活着就可以发光。故选C。 5．句意：尽管蘑菇和植物发出的光非常不同，但科学家们关注的是在植物和蘑菇中都发现的一种酸。 difference差异，名词；different不同的，形容词；differently不同地，副词。分析句子结构可知，此处用副词形式，作状语，修饰动词“glow”。故选C。 6．句意：通过这种方式，科学家们得以创造出能够利用这种酸制造自己的荧光素的植物。 is是，be动词的第三人称单数形式；are是，be的复数和第二人称单数现在时形式；were是，be的过去时复数和第二人称单数形式。根据上下文可知，此处指过去发生的事情，时态为一般过去时。故选C。 7．句意：科学家们报告说，绿色的光比早期发光植物的光亮10倍左右。 lights电灯；light光；lights’灯的。根据语境可知，此处不表示所属关系；分析句子结构可知，此处为从句主语，谓语为“was”可知，此处用light。故选B。 8．句意：这种光很强，可以用普通相机轻易地记录下来，而且对植物的健康也没有什么坏处。 be是，动词原形；being是，be的现在分词；to be是，不定式形式。be+adj.+enough to do sth.“足够……做某事”，固定词组。故选C。 9．句意：这种光很强，可以用普通相机轻易地记录下来，而且对植物的健康也没有什么坏处。 in在……里面；with和；for为了。be bad for…“对……有害”，固定词组。故选C。 10．句意：他们认为很多人想要发光的植物是因为它们的美丽。 theirs它们的，名词性物主代词；them它们，人称代词宾格；their它们的，形容词性物主代词。根据空后的名词“beauty”可知，此处用形容词性物主代词。故选C。 Passage 3 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 The umbrella is a useful invention. It is a very common thing in 1 daily lives. It has a long history in China. There are many stories about the invention of the umbrella. 2 most popular one is about Lu Ban. One day, Lu Ban and his sister wanted to visit the West Lake, 3 it suddenly rained hard. The sister said, “It’s a pity that we can’t visit the West Lake on rainy days. Why not have a competition?” They decided 4 a way to solve the problem before sunrise tomorrow. Lu Ban thought it was easy. He said to himself, “I will build enough pavilions (亭子).” So he spent the whole night 5 ten pavilions around the lake. He thought he was sure to beat his sister. The next morning, when Lu Ban was talking proudly about his work, his sister 6 . She was holding something special in her hand. She opened it. It was round and made of silk and bamboo strips. It was light and beautiful. People could carry it 7 . Lu Ban was surprised and said, “You win. Your ‘pavilion’ is much 8 than mine.” That was the first umbrella. Later, paper with tung oil (桐油) was used instead 9 silk. The umbrella became common for people to use. 10 interesting the story was! 1．A．us B．our C．ours 2．A．A B．An C．The 3．A．because B．although C．but 4．A．to find B．finding C．find 5．A．build B．building C．to build 6．A．come B．comes C．came 7．A．easily B．easy C．easier 8．A．good B．well C．better 9．A．to B．of C．for 10．A．How B．What C．What a 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国雨伞的发明传说。 1．句意：它在我们的日常生活中是一件非常普通的东西。 us我们，宾格；our我们的，形容词性物主代词；ours我们的，名词性物主代词。根据“It is a very common thing in...daily lives.”可知，形容词性物主代词修饰名词daily lives。故选B。 2．句意：最受欢迎的一个故事是关于鲁班的。 A不定冠词，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；An不定冠词，用于元音音素开头的单词前；The定冠词，表示特指。根据“...most popular one is about Lu Ban.”可知，定冠词用于形容词最高级前。故选C。 3．句意：一天，鲁班和他的妹妹想去西湖游玩，但是突然下起了大雨。 because因为，表原因；although虽然，表让步；but但是，表转折。根据“One day, Lu Ban and his sister wanted to visit the West Lake...it suddenly rained hard.”可知，想去游玩和下雨为转折关系。故选C。 4．句意：他们决定在明天日出前想出一个解决这个问题的办法。 to find找出，动词不定式；finding找出，动名词/现在分词；find找出，动词原形。根据“They decided...a way to solve the problem before sunrise tomorrow.”可知，decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，此处应用动词不定式。故选A。 5．句意：于是他花了一整晚的时间，在湖的周围建了十座亭子。 build建造，动词原形；building建造，动名词/现在分词；to build建造，动词不定式。根据“So he spent the whole night...ten pavilions around the lake. ”可知，spend some time (in) doing sth.“花费时间做某事”，此处应用动名词。故选B。 6．句意：第二天早上，当鲁班正骄傲地谈论他的作品时，他的妹妹来了。 come来，一般现在时态；comes来，一般现在时态，动词第三人称单数形式；came来，一般过去时态。根据“when Lu Ban was talking proudly about his work, his sister...”可知，从句用过去进行时，主句描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时。故选C。 7．句意：人们可以轻松地携带它。 easily容易地，副词；easy容易的，形容词；easier更容易的，形容词比较级。根据“People could carry it...”可知，此处应用副词修饰动词carry。故选A。 8．句意：你的“亭子”比我的好得多。 good好的，形容词原级；well好地，副词原级；better好的，比较级。根据“than”可知，此处应用比较级。故选C。 9．句意：后来，人们用涂了桐油的纸代替了丝绸。 to朝，向；of属于；for为了。根据“paper with tung oil was used instead...silk.”可知，instead of“代替，而不是”。故选B。 10．句意：这个故事是多么有趣啊！ How多么，How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语；What多么，What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语；What a多么……的一个，What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语。根据“...interesting the story was!”可知，此处为How引导的感叹句。故选A。 Passage 4 Huang Xuhua, a great scientist, is widely known as the “Father of China’s Nuclear Submarine (核潜艇).” He was born in Guangdong in 1926. He wanted 1 a doctor at first, but the war changed his mind. He decided to study shipbuilding to protect his country. In 1958, he received a secret call for a special project. He learned that China wanted to build its own nuclear submarine. At that time, China had a weak 2 and no experience in making such powerful weapons (武器), but he was confident that China could succeed. Huang and his team worked day and night and even gave up meeting their families 3 many years. This was one of the 4 times in his life. They faced many difficulties, but they 5 to their dream. With their hard work, they achieved their goal 6 —China’s first nuclear submarine was formally put into use in 1974. 7 great achievement (成就)! Huang Xuhua loved China deeply and gave his whole life to our country. He once said, “ 8 scientist should always put his country before his own interests.” Chinese people all respect him 9 his work made China stronger and safer. His story tells us that we can realize our dreams if we try 10 best. He encouraged all Chinese people to keep on working for the dream of a strong China. 1．A．to be B．is C．being 2．A．industry B．industries C．industry’s 3．A．with B．for C．to 4．A．hard B．harder C．hardest 5．A．stick B．stuck C．sticks 6．A．final B．finally C．finals 7．A．How B．How a C．What a 8．A．A B．An C．The 9．A．but B．so C．because 10．A．us B．our C．ourselves 【答案】 1．A 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．B 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．C 10．B 【导语】本文讲述“中国核潜艇之父”黄旭华放弃学医，投身核潜艇研制，为国奉献一生的事迹与崇高精神。 1．句意：起初他想要成为一名医生，但战争改变了他的想法。 to be动词不定式；is动词第三人称单数；being动名词/现在分词。根据“He wanted...a doctor at first”可知，want to do sth.表示“想要做某事”，此处指想要成为医生，故选A。 2．句意：那时，中国的工业很薄弱，而且没有制造这种威力强大的武器的经验，但他相信中国能够成功。 industry工业，单数名词；industries工业，复数名词；industry’s工业的，名词所有格。根据“China had a weak”可知，此处需要单数名词作宾语，指中国的工业基础薄弱，故选A。 3．句意：黄旭华和他的团队夜以继日地工作，甚至多年都放弃了与家人见面。 with和……一起；for后接一段时间；to到……。根据“many years”可知，此处需要用介词for来表示持续的时间，故选B。 4．句意：这是他一生中最艰难的时期之一。 hard艰难的，原级；harder更艰难的，比较级；hardest最艰难的，最高级。根据“This was one of the...times in his life.”可知，one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词，表示“最……之一”，此处指最艰难的时期，故选C。 5．句意：他们面临许多困难，但他们坚持自己的梦想。 stick坚持，动词原形；stuck坚持，动词过去式；sticks坚持，动词第三人称单数。根据前文“worked” “gave up”可知，文章用一般过去时叙述，此处谓语动词也用过去式，故选B。 6．句意：通过他们的努力，他们最终实现了目标——中国第一艘核潜艇于1974年正式投入使用。 final最终的，形容词；finally最终，副词；finals决赛，复数名词。根据“they achieved their goal”可知，此处需要副词修饰动词achieved，指最终实现目标，故选B。 7．句意：多么伟大的一项成就啊！ How引导感叹句修饰形容词或副词；How a表述错误；What a引导感叹句修饰单数可数名词。根据“great achievement”可知，achievement是单数可数名词，great以辅音音素开头，应用What a引导感叹句，故选C。 8．句意：他曾经说过：“一个科学家应该始终把国家置于自己的利益之上。” A不定冠词，表泛指，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；An不定冠词，表泛指，用于元音音素开头的单词前；The定冠词，表特指。根据“scientist should always put his country before his own interests”可知，此处表泛指“一个科学家”，scientist以辅音音素开头，应用A，故选A。 9．句意：中国人民都尊敬他，因为他的工作使中国变得更加强大和安全。 but但是，表转折；so所以，表结果；because因为，表原因。根据“Chinese people all respect him...his work made China stronger and safer.”可知，后文是解释人们尊敬他的原因，故选C。 10．句意：他的故事告诉我们，只要我们尽最大努力，就能实现我们的梦想。 us我们，人称代词宾格；our我们的，形容词性物主代词；ourselves我们自己，反身代词。根据“try...best”可知，此处是固定搭配try one’s best，表示“尽某人最大努力”，应用形容词性物主代词our，故选B。 Passage 5 Stephen Hawking was a British scientist. Many people think he was one of the greatest scientists in the 1 century. In 2018, the world famous scientist 2 in Cambridge. Hawking is named the King of the Universe. He wrote books to help more people understand the universe much 3 . A Brief History of Time is one of 4 popular books. He also spent plenty of time 5 black holes. And he thought that the universe started with the Big Bang and would end in black holes 6 . Hawking lived a 7 life. When he studied at Oxford University, he became seriously ill. Without the help of machines, he was not able to speak or breathe. However, he went on working hard to become 8 excellent scientist. At first, he was very nervous. But later he found that there were lots of things he wanted 9 . Hawking’s unusual experience shows an important lesson 10 us, we should not lose hope, no matter how bad the situation is. 1．A．twenties B．twentieth C．twenty 2．A．die B．dies C．died 3．A．well B．best C．better 4．A．he B．his C．him 5．A．to study B．studying C．studied 6．A．slowly B．slower C．slow 7．A．hard B．hardly C．harder 8．A．a B．an C．the 9．A．to do B．do C．doing 10．A．for B．with C．against 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．B 6．A 7．A 8．B 9．A 10．A 【导语】本文介绍了科学家史蒂芬霍金的故事。 1．句意：许多人认为他是二十世纪最伟大的科学家之一。 twenties二十，基数词的复数；twentieth第二十；twenty二十。根据“in the…century”可知，此处用序数词twentieth。故选B。 2．句意：2018年，这位世界著名科学家在剑桥去世。 die去世，动词原形；dies动词的三单式；died过去式。根据时间状语“In 2018”可知，此处是一般过去时，故谓语动词用其过去式。故选C。 3．句意：他写书帮助更多的人更好地了解宇宙。 well好地；best最好的，最高级；better更好的，比较级。much修饰比较级。故选C。 4．句意：《时间简史》是他的畅销书之一。 he他，主格；his他的；him他，宾格。空处修饰名词books，应该用形容词性物主代词his。故选B。 5．句意：他还花了大量时间研究黑洞。 to study学习，动词不定式；studying现在分词/动名词；studied过去式。spend time doing sth.“花费时间做某事”。故选B。 6．句意：他认为宇宙从大爆炸开始慢慢地在黑洞中结束。 slowly缓慢地，副词；slower更慢的，形容词的比较级；slow慢的，形容词。空处用副词修饰动词end。故选A。 7．句意：霍金过着艰苦的生活。 hard艰苦的；hardly几乎不；harder更困难的。根据“Hawking lived a…life.”可知，霍金过着艰苦的生活。故选A。 8．句意：然而，他继续努力工作，成为一名优秀的科学家。 a不定冠词，修饰以辅音音素开头的单词；an不定冠词，修饰以元音因素开头的单词；the定冠词。空处表示泛指，应该填不定冠词，excellent以元音音素开头，不定冠词an符合题意。故选B。 9．句意：但后来他发现有很多事情他想做。 to do做，动词不定式；do动词原形；doing现在分词/动名词。want to do sth.“想要做某事”。故选A。 10．句意：霍金不寻常的经历给我们上了重要的一课，不管情况有多糟糕，我们都不应该失去希望。 for为了，对于；with和；against对抗。根据“Hawking’s unusual experience shows an important lesson…us,”可知，霍金不寻常的经历对于我们来说，是重要的一课。故选A。 提升篇 Passage 1 Do you know about computers? The computer is one of the most important inventions in the world. It 1 our lives in many ways. Before the computer was invented, people had to do 2 work by hand, such as calculating (计算) numbers and writing documents. It took them a long time 3 these tasks. 4 the development of computers, we can now do many things more 5 . We can use computers to search for information, communicate with others, play games and even do business. Computers also help scientists 6 research. They can analyze (分析) a number of things quickly. However, the computer also brings some problems. For example, many people spend too much time 7 computer games. It is bad for their eyes and health. Also, there are some problems with online safety. We need to be careful 8 using the computer. What’s more, we can’t overuse (过度使用) computers, or we 9 some basic skills. So, it’s important for us to use 10 computer properly. We know everything has two sides. 1．A．changes B．changed C．has changed 2．A．many B．lots of C．a lot 3．A．finish B．finishing C．to finish 4．A．Of B．With C．At 5．A．easy B．easily C．easier 6．A．do B．did C．doing 7．A．play B．playing C．to play 8．A．why B．what C．when 9．A．will lose B．are losing C．were losing 10．A．a B．an C．the 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．B 6．A 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．C 【导语】本文介绍了计算机的重要性及其对人类生活的影响，同时也指出了过度使用计算机可能带来的问题。 1．句意：它在许多方面改变了我们的生活。 changes改变，动词第三人称单数；changed动词过去式或过去分词；has changed现在完成时。此处是强调计算机从过去到现在，已经在许多方面改变了我们的生活，句子用现在完成时。故选C。 2．句意：在计算机发明之前，人们必须手工完成许多工作，例如计算数字和书写文件。 many许多，修饰可数名词复数；lots of许多，修饰不可数名词或可数名词复数；a lot很，修饰形容词或副词。空后是不可数名词work，用lots of 修饰。故选B。 3．句意：完成这些任务花费了他们很长时间。 finish完成，动词原形；finishing动名词或现在分词；to finish动词不定式。it took sb+时间+to do sth“做某事花某人多少时间”，空处用不定式作真正主语。故选C。 4．句意：随着计算机的发展，我们现在可以更轻松地做许多事情。 Of……的；With随着；At在。with the development of“随着……的发展”。故选B。 5．句意：随着计算机的发展，我们现在可以更轻松地做许多事情。 easy轻松的，形容词；easily轻松地，副词；easier更轻松的，形容词比较级。此处修饰动词do，用副词形式。故选B。 6．句意：计算机也帮助科学家做研究。 do做，动词原形；did动词过去式；doing动名词或现在分词。help sb do sth“帮助某人做某事”。故选A。 7．句意：例如，许多人花太多时间玩电脑游戏。 play玩，动词原形；playing动名词或现在分词；to play动词不定式。spend time doing sth“花时间做某事”，空处用动名词。故选B。 8．句意：使用计算机时我们需要小心。 why为什么；what什么；when当……时。根据“We need to be careful ... using the computer.”可知，是指在使用计算机时需要小心。故选C。 9．句意：更重要的是，我们不能过度使用计算机，否则我们会失去一些基本技能。 will lose将失去，一般将来时；are losing现在进行时；were losing过去进行时。根据“we can’t overuse (过度使用) computers, or we ... some basic skills.”可知，是指不能过度使用计算机，否则将会失去一些基本技能，空处表示将来的结果，用一般将来时。故选A。 10．句意：因此，正确使用计算机对我们来说很重要。 a一个，表泛指，用于辅音音素开头单词前；an一个，表泛指，用于元音音素开头单词前；the表特指。此处是特指计算机这一发明，用定冠词。故选C。 Passage 2 The history of human progress is full of wonderful inventions. Among all of them, paper is one of 1 most important inventions. Without it, knowledge 2 spread so widely around the world in ancient times. In ancient China, people used to write on bamboo or silk. However, these materials were either too heavy 3 too expensive. Then, about two 4 years ago, a man named Cai Lun 5 improved the way of making paper from tree bark and old cloth. His invention was much lighter than any earlier writing material. Since then, paper 6 an important part of our lives. We use it for books, newspapers, and art. But does 7 know exactly how many trees we use for paper every year? The number is huge and it keeps growing. 8 we start using paper more wisely, our forests might disappear one day. That’s why scientists are now looking for new materials. Some say that electronic (电子的) paper will become even 9 in the future because it can be reused. Last week, our class visited a science museum. We saw a model of Cai Lun’s workshop there. It helped us understand how hard people worked in the past to bring us such a useful invention. 10 amazing invention paper is! It shows how human wisdom can change the world. 1．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 2．A．needn’t B．couldn’t C．shouldn’t D．mustn’t 3．A．or B．and C．but D．so 4．A．thousands B．thousand C．thousands of D．thousand of 5．A．successful B．more successful C．successfully D．more successfully 6．A．was B．is C．had been D．has been 7．A．anybody B．nobody C．somebody D．everybody 8．A．If B．Because C．Though D．Unless 9．A．popular B．more popular C．popularly D．more popularly 10．A．What B．What a C．What an D．How 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．D 7．A 8．D 9．B 10．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了纸作为人类最重要发明之一的历史，从蔡伦改进造纸术到纸在现代生活中的广泛应用，并指出过度用纸对森林的威胁以及电子纸等替代材料的未来。 1．句意：其中，纸是最重要的发明之一。 a一个，泛指，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，泛指，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the特指，用于最高级前；/零冠词。根据“most important”可知，最高级前需加定冠词“the”，“the”符合语境，故选C。 2．句意：没有它，古代的知识不可能在全世界广泛传播。 needn’t不必；couldn’t不可能；shouldn’t不应该；mustn’t禁止。根据“Without it, knowledge…spread so widely around the world in ancient times”可知，此处是虚拟语气，指没有纸的情况下知识“不可能”广泛传播，“couldn’t”符合语境，故选B。 3．句意：然而，这些材料要么太重，要么太贵。 or或者；and和；but但是；so所以。根据“either too heavy…too expensive”可知，“either…or…”是固定搭配，意为“要么……要么……”，“or”符合语境，故选A。 4．句意：大约两千年前，一个叫蔡伦的人成功地改进了用树皮和旧布造纸的方法。 thousands千，复数形式；thousand千，单数形式；thousands of成千上万的；thousand of表述错误。根据“two”可知，此处指具体数字“两千”，“thousand”用单数，“thousand”符合语境，故选B。 5．句意：大约两千年前，一个叫蔡伦的人成功地改进了用树皮和旧布造纸的方法。 successful成功的，形容词；more successful更成功的，形容词比较级；successfully成功地，副词；more successfully更成功地，副词比较级。根据“improved the way”可知，此处需用副词修饰动词“improved”，“successfully”符合语境，故选C。 6．句意：从那以后，纸一直是我们生活中重要的一部分。 was一般过去时；is一般现在时；had been过去完成时；has been现在完成时。根据“Since then”可知，since常与现在完成时连用，此处用现在完成时，“has been”符合语境，故选D。 7．句意：但是有人确切知道我们每年用多少树造纸吗？ anybody任何人，常用于疑问句或否定句；nobody没有人；somebody某人，常用于肯定句；everybody每个人。根据“But does…know exactly how many trees we use for paper every year?”可知，这是疑问句，此处用“anybody”，故选A。 8．句意：除非我们开始更明智地用纸，否则有一天我们的森林可能会消失。 If如果；Because因为；Though尽管；Unless除非。根据“…we start using paper more wisely, our forests might disappear one day”可知，此处指“除非”明智用纸，否则森林会消失，“Unless”符合语境，故选D。 9．句意：有人说电子纸在未来会更受欢迎，因为它可以重复使用。 popular受欢迎的，形容词；more popular更受欢迎的，形容词比较级；popularly受欢迎地，副词；more popularly更受欢迎地，副词比较级。根据“become even…”可知，此处需用形容词作表语，且“even”常修饰比较级，“more popular”符合语境，故选B。 10．句意：纸是多么了不起的发明啊！ What引导感叹句，修饰名词；What a修饰单数可数名词，辅音音素开头；What an修饰单数可数名词，元音音素开头；How引导感叹句，修饰形容词或副词。根据“amazing invention”可知，amazing是元音音素开头的形容词，invention是单数可数名词，此处用“What an”修饰，故选C。 Passage 3 Making the Night Bright Before the late 19th century, when the sun went down, the world became dark. People relied on candles and gas lamps 1 . However, Thomas Edison, one of the greatest inventors in history, was determined to change this. He wanted to create an electric light that was safe and cheap enough for everyone. Edison did not invent the first light bulb, but he made the first practical one. 2 part was finding the right material for the filament (灯丝). He and his team tried thousands of different materials, from cotton to bamboo. They failed again and again. Yet, Edison didn’t give up. He said, “I haven’t failed. I’ve just found 10,000 ways 3 won’t work.” Finally, in 1879, he succeeded. A bulb using a carbon filament burned for 13.5 hours. It was a huge success. Soon, his invention 4 to the public. The news spread quickly in newspapers around the world. People were 5 that a small glass ball could turn night into day. Edison’s success teaches us a lesson about persistence (坚持). Giving up was never an option for him. He believed that genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration (汗水). Today, 6 we turn on a light, we should thank the man who lit up the world. 7 we have LED lights now, the principle remains the same. The light bulb is 8 important an invention that we cannot imagine life without it. It allows us to work and 9 long after sunset. It is truly 10 symbol of human intelligence. 1．A．seen B．seeing C．to see 2．A．The hardest B．Harder C．Hard 3．A．when B．where C．that 4．A．introduced B．was introduced C．introduces 5．A．to amaze B．amazing C．amazed 6．A．whenever B．whatever C．however 7．A．Although B．Because C．If 8．A．such B．too C．so 9．A．played B．playing C．play 10．A．/ B．a C．an 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．A 8．C 9．C 10．B 【导语】本文讲述了爱迪生通过坚持不懈的努力发明了实用电灯泡，改变了人类夜间生活，并强调了坚持和智慧的重要性。 1．句意：人们依靠蜡烛和煤油灯来视物。 seen看见，过去分词；seeing看见，动名词或现在分词；to see看见，动词不定式。根据“relied on candles and gas lamps”可知，用蜡烛和煤油灯是为了看东西，此处用动词不定式表目的。故选C。 2．句意：最难的部分是找到合适的灯丝材料。 The hardest最难的；Harder更难的；Hard难的。根据“finding the right material for the filament (灯丝)”可知，找到合适的灯丝材料是其中最难的部分，用形容词的最高级。故选A。 3．句意：我只是找到了1万种行不通的方法。 when什么时候；where哪里；that那个。根据“ways…won’t work”可知，ways后接定语从句，用关系代词that指代先行词ways，并在从句中作主语。故选C。 4．句意：很快，他的发明被推广给民众。 introduced介绍，过去式或过去分词；was introduced被介绍，一般过去时的被动语态；introduces介绍，动词的三单形式。主语his invention与动词introduce存在被动关系，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。 5．句意：人们惊讶于一个玻璃球能将夜晚变为白昼。 to amaze使惊讶，动词不定式；amazing令人诧异的；amazed感到讶异的。根据“People were”可知，此处指人们的感受，用形容词amazed作表语。故选C。 6．句意：今天，我们每次开灯的时候，都应该感谢那位点亮世界的人。 whenever无论何时；whatever无论什么；however如何怎样。根据“we turn on a light”可知，此处强调开灯的时候，用whenever引导时间状语从句。故选A。 7．句意：尽管我们现在有LED灯，但原理是相同的。 Although尽管；Because因为；If如果。根据“we have LED lights now, the principle remains the same”可知，此处表示转折关系，用although引导让步状语从句。故选A。 8．句意：灯泡是如此重要的发明，我们无法想象没有它的生活。 such如此，后接名词；too也；so如此，后接形容词或副词。根据“is…important an invention that”可知，此处应用so+形容词+that引导结果状语从句。故选C。 9．句意：它让我们能在日落后长时间工作和玩乐。 played玩乐，过去式或过去分词；playing玩乐，动名词或现在分词；play玩乐，动词原形。根据“to work and”可知，and连接两个动词原形。故选C。 10．句意：它确实是人类智慧的象征。 /不填；a一，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一，用于元音音素开头的单词前。a symbol of“……的象征”。故选B。 Passage 4 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 Albert Einstein once said, “I have no special talents. I am only passionately curious.” The 1 inventions in history would be impossible without curiosity. Curiosity can bring new discoveries. Benjamin Franklin is 2 great example. He was drawn to electricity and had a deep curiosity about its nature. He did lots of research to try to understand it. For example, he flew a kite 3 a storm. His curiosity led him to invent the lightning rod. Since then, this simple rod 4 thousands of buildings from lightning fires. Curiosity can also make people brave. Just look at Wan Hu, the Ming Dynasty pioneer of space exploration. He was so curious about space that he invented a “flying chair”! He lost 5 life while testing this invention. 6 he failed, his dream has given ideas to many modern rocket scientists. But curiosity is more than just taking risks. It also drives people toward certain 7 . Zhang Heng, a Chinese scientist and 8 , was curious about the world: how did everything in the world move? Night after night he was watching the stars while others 9 . Finally, he drew China’s first star map and invented the first earthquake detector. His curiosity continues 10 scientists today. As Jacques Cousteau said, “What is a scientist after all? It is a curious man looking through a keyhole, the keyhole of nature, trying to know what’s going on.” Curiosity is the key. It opens one door after another for us to discover a new world. 1．A．great B．greater C．greatest 2．A．a B．an C．the 3．A．at B．opposite C．during 4．A．saved B．has saved C．will save 5．A．his B．him C．he 6．A．But B．Although C．Because 7．A．goals B．goal’s C．goal 8．A．invent B．invention C．inventor 9．A．slept B．were sleeping C．sleep 10．A．influence B．to influence C．influencing 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．B 【导语】本文以爱因斯坦的话开篇，借富兰克林、万户、张衡的事例，说明好奇心是发明创造的关键，推动探索与进步。 1．句意：没有好奇心，历史上最伟大的发明就不可能存在。 great极好的，形容词；greater更好的，形容词的比较级；greatest最好的，形容词的最高级。根据“in history”可知，此处表示多者以上范围最突出的事，所以使用最高级。故选C。 2．句意：本杰明·富兰克林就是一个很好的例子。 a一个，用于辅音音素前；an一个，用于元音音素前；the这/那，定冠词。根据“Benjamin Franklin is...great example.”可知，本杰明·富兰克林就是“一个”很好的例子。great以辅音音素/ɡ/开头，所以使用a。故选A。 3．句意：他在暴风雨中放风筝。 at在(某处/时刻)；opposite在……对面；during在……期间。根据“he flew a kite...a storm.”可知，他“在”暴风雨“期间”放风筝。故选C。 4．句意：从那以后，这个简单的避雷针已经拯救了成千上万座建筑物免遭闪电引发的火灾。 saved拯救，过去式/过去分词；has saved已经拯救，现在完成时；will save将会拯救，一般将来时。根据“Since”可知，此处使用现在完成时。故选B。 5．句意：他在测试这项发明时失去了他的生命。 his他的，形容词性/名词性物主代词；him他，宾格；he他，主格。根据“He lost...life while testing this invention.”可知，他在测试这项发明时失去了“他的”生命。此处需使用形容词性物主代词his，修饰后面的名词life。故选A。 6．句意：尽管他失败了，但他的梦想为许多现代火箭科学家提供了思路。 But但是；Although尽管；Because因为。根据“...he failed, his dream has given ideas to many modern rocket scientists.”可知，“尽管”他失败了，但他的梦想为许多现代火箭科学家提供了思路。故选B。 7．句意：它也推动人们朝着特定的目标前进。 goals目标，名词复数；goal’s目标的，名词单数所有格；goal目标，名词单数。根据“It also drives people toward certain...”可知，它也推动人们朝着特定的“目标”前进。此处目标不止一个，所以使用复数goals。故选A。 8．句意：中国科学家兼发明家张衡对世界充满好奇：世界上的万物是如何运动的？ invent发明，动词；invention发明/发明物，名词；inventor发明家，名词。根据“Zhang Heng, a Chinese scientist and...”可知，张衡是一个中国科学家和“发明家”。故选C。 9．句意：一夜又一夜，当别人入睡时，他在观测星空。 slept睡觉，过去式/过去分词；were sleeping正在睡觉，过去进行时；sleep睡觉，动词原形/名词。根据“he was watching the stars while others...”可知，while引导时间状语从句时，常用来对比两个同时发生的过去动作，主句用过去进行时was/were+doing，从句也需用过去进行时。故选B。 10．句意：他的好奇心继续影响着今天的科学家。 influence影响，动词原形/名词；to influence去影响，动词不定式；influencing影响，现在分词/动名词。continue to do sth.表示“(从过去的行为)延续到现在产生新的影响”，此处指张衡的好奇心对现今科学家产生影响(并非同一动作的持续)，因此用动词不定式to influence。故选B。 Passage 5 在每小题所给的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应的选项涂黑。 Yuan Longping, a world-famous Chinese scientist, has saved people without any magic. His success on hybrid rice (杂交水稻) has already fed 1 people in hunger. Yuan has spent all 2 life helping China feed nearly one-fifth of the world’s population with only about 7% of the world’s land. 3 great he is! Yuan was born on September 7, 1930. After graduating (毕业) from the Southwest Agriculture (农业) College, he worked 4 a teacher at an agriculture school in Hunan Province. About 60 years ago, some natural disasters hit China. Yuan saw many people lose their lives because of hunger every day. Since then, he 5 a lot of research on how to grow good rice. In 1964, he found a natural hybrid rice plant by accident. It had great advantages over others. Yuan was excited to see what he discovered. He then decided 6 this special plant. In 1973, he started to grow a kind of hybrid rice. It produced 20% more rice each unit than common ones. The next year, he made great progress. This progress made China become the world’s leader in rice production. In China, Yuan’s hybrid rice is grown in most rice fields. He is called the “Father of Hybrid Rice”. He has 7 dream. He hopes hybrid rice will grow as 8 as Chinese sorghum (高粱) one day! Sadly, he 9 of illness at 1:07 p.m. on May 22nd, 2021, at the age of 91. Many people think 10 it is a great loss (损失) to the world. 1．A．millions of B．million C．millions D．million of 2．A．him B．he C．his D．himself 3．A．How a B．How C．What D．What an 4．A．for B．in C．against D．as 5．A．has done B．will do C．does D．do 6．A．studying B．to study C．studied D．study 7．A．an B．the C．/ D．a 8．A．taller B．tallest C．tall D．the taller 9．A．died B．dies C．dead D．dying 10．A．what B．if C．whether D．that 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．D 【导语】本文介绍了“杂交水稻之父”——袁隆平的生平及其研发杂交水稻的起因和过程，他的研究成果不仅喂养了数百万饥饿的人，还让中国在水稻生产方面处于世界领先地位。 1．句意：他在杂交水稻上的成功已经养活了数百万饥饿的人。 millions of“数百万”，表达模糊数字；million“一百万”，常和基数词连用，表达具体数字；millions“数百万”，常和of连用；million of错误形式。由“fed…people in hunger” 应用millions of，表达模糊数字，故选A。 2．句意：袁一生都在帮助中国用世界7%的土地养活世界近五分之一的人口。 him“他”，宾格；he“他”，主格；his“他的”，形容词性物主代词；himself“他自己”，反身代词。空格处修饰名词“life”可知应用形容词性物主代词，故选C。 3．句意：他真了不起！ How a错误形式；How引导感叹句，后面跟形容词或副词，再加主谓；What引导感叹句，后面跟名词，再加主谓；What an后面跟可数名词单数，再加主谓。由“…great he is!”是“……形容词+主谓”结构，可知用How，故选B。 4．句意：从西南农业学院毕业后，他在湖南省一所农业学校当教师。 for“为了，给，对于”； in“在……里”；against“反对”；as“作为”。work as“当，担任”，固定短语。故选D。 5．句意：从那以后，他对如何种植优质水稻做了大量研究。 has done现在完成时；will do一般将来时；does一般现在时，主语三单；do一般现在时。由“Since then”可知此句用现在完成时，故选A。 6．句意：然后他决定研究这种特殊的植物。 studying现在分词；to study动词不定式；studied一般过去时；study一般现在时。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，固定短语，decide后面跟动词不定式作宾语。故选B。 7．句意：他有一个梦想。 an“一个/件……”，泛指，后面跟元音音素开头的可数名词单数；the“这（些），那（些）”，特指；a“一个/件……”，泛指，后面跟辅音音素开头的可数名词单数。本句表示泛指，意思为“一个梦想”，dream是辅音音素开头，应用a。故选D。 8．句意：他希望杂交水稻有一天能长得和中国高粱一样高！ taller“更高”，比较级；tallest“最高”，最高级；tall“高”，原级；the taller“两个中较高的那个”。此句是同级比较，其结构是as+形容词或副词原级+as，故选C。 9．句意：不幸的是，他于2021年5月22日下午1点07分因病去世，享年91岁。 died“死亡”，动词过去式，用于一般过去时；dies“死亡”，第三人称单数，用于一般现在时，三单形式；dead“死的”，形容词；dying“垂死的”，形容词。die of“死于……”，固定短语，由“at 1:07 p.m. on May 22nd, 2021”可知此句时态为一般过去时，故选A。 10．句意：许多人认为这是世界的巨大损失。 what“什么”，引导宾语从句时，在宾语从句作宾语、表语或主语；if“是否”，引导宾语从句；whether“是否”，引导宾语从句；that引导宾语从句，后面跟陈述句，that在宾语从句不占成分。“it is a great loss (损失) to the world”是个陈述句，不缺成分，可知用that引导此宾语从句。故选D。 2 / 23 1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $