内容正文:
小升初英语专题总复习(浙江专用)
专题03 词汇知识
词汇知识思维导图
考点一
名词(浙江考纲核心)
· 名词分类:
专有名词(首字母大写,如Zhejiang、Tom);普通名词分可数名词(有单复数)和不可数名词(无复数,表物质/抽象概念)。
· 可数名词单复数变化:
1. 规则变化:
① 一般加-s(book→books);
② s/x/ch/sh结尾加-es(bus→buses);
③ 辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i加-es(baby→babies);
④ f/fe结尾,变f/fe为v加-es(knife→knives);
⑤ 有生命o结尾加-es(tomato→tomatoes),无生命o结尾加-s(zoo→zoos)。
2. 不规则变化(高频易错):child→children、foot→feet、tooth→teeth、mouse→mice、man→men、woman→women、sheep→sheep。
· 不可数名词:
常见如water、rice、bread、milk、food、news;不可直接加a/an,用some/much/a little修饰,谓语用单数;表数量用“数词+量词+of”(a piece of bread)。
· 名词所有格:
①有生命:单数加’s(Tom’s bag)、复数s结尾加’(the boys’ room)、不规则复数加’s(children’s toys);
②无生命:of所有格(the window of the room)。
考点再现
一、写出下列名词的复数形式:
(1)baby __________ (2)knife __________ (3)child __________
(4)tomato __________ (5)sheep __________
二、选出下列句子中划线单词的正确形式
( )There are three ______ in the classroom.
A. child B. children C. childs D. childrens
三、判断下列句子是否正确(正确写T,错误写F):
( )(1)I have a rice for breakfast. ( )(2)This is Lucy and Lily's room.
过关训练
一、写出下列名词的复数形式:
(1)leaf __________ (2)city __________ (3)mouse __________
(4)woman __________ (5)photo __________
二、选出下列单词中复数形式错误的一项 ( )
A. teeth B. babies C. busies D. books
三、根据句意用所给名词的适当形式填空:
(1)There are many __________(tree)in the park.
(2)I’d like some __________(bread)and two __________(egg).
(3)These are the __________(student)desks.
考点二
动词(小升初高频)
· 动词分类:
实义动词(有具体含义,eat/run/play)、情态动词(can/may/must/should,后接动词原形)、be动词(am/is/are/was/were)。
· 实义动词核心变化(浙江必考):
1. 一般现在时三单:
①一般加-s(play→plays);
②s/x/ch/sh/o结尾加-es(go→goes、watch→watches);
③辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i加-es(study→studies)。
2. 过去式/过去分词:
①规则变化加-ed(clean→cleaned);
②不规则变化(核心必背):go→went→gone、eat→ate→eaten、see→saw→seen、do→did→done、take→took→taken、run→ran→run。
3. 现在分词(-ing形式):
①一般加-ing(read→reading);
②不发音e结尾去e加-ing(write→writing);
③重读闭音节结尾,双写末尾辅音加-ing(run→running、swim→swimming)。
· 情态动词用法:否定式直接加not(can’t/mustn’t),疑问句将情态动词提前,无三单变化。考点再现
一、写出下列动词的三单、过去式、现在分词形式:
(1)play: 三单________________ 过去式________________ 现在分词________________
(2)go: 三单________________ 过去式________________ 现在分词________________
(3)study:三单________________ 过去式________________ 现在分词________________
二、选出下列句子中划线动词的正确形式( )
He often ___________ football after school.
A. Play B. plays C. played D. playing
三、用所给动词的适当形式填空:
(1)I ___________(eat)a big apple yesterday.
(2)She ___________(write)a letter now.
(3)We ___________(can)swim in the river.
过关训练
一、写出下列不规则动词的过去式和过去分词:
(1)see: 过去式________________ 过去分词________________
(2)do: 过去式________________ 过去分词________________
(3)take: 过去式________________ 过去分词________________
二、选出下列句子中划线动词的错误选项,并改正:
(1)She go to school at 7:30 every morning. ( )___________
(2)They are read books in the library now. ( )___________
三、用所给动词的适当形式填空:
(1)My mother ___________(cook)dinner every evening.
(2)He ___________(not go)to school yesterday.
(3)Look! The children ___________(run)on the playground.
考点三
形容词与副词(易错考点)
· 词性区分:形容词修饰名词/代词,放名词前或系动词后(a nice bag、She is happy);副词修饰动词/形容词/其他副词,放动词后或形容词前(run fast、very happy)。
· 等级变化(原级/比较级/最高级):
1. 规则变化:
①一般加-er/-est(tall→taller→tallest);
②e结尾加-r/-st(late→later→latest);
③辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i加-er/-est(happy→happier→happiest);
④重读闭音节双写末尾辅音加-er/-est(thin→thinner→thinnest)。
2. 不规则变化(核心必背):
good/well→better→best bad/badly→worse→worst
many/much→more→most little→less→least
· 用法:比较级表两者比较,后接than;最高级表三者及以上,前加the,后常接in/of短语。
考点再现
一、写出下列词的比较级和最高级:
(1)tall: 比较级______________ 最高级______________
(2)happy: 比较级______________ 最高级______________
(3)good: 比较级______________ 最高级______________
二、选出下列句子中划线部分的正确形式( )
This book is ______ than that one.
A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting D. the most interesting
三、用所给词的适当形式填空:
(1)She sings ______________(good)than her sister.
(2)This is the ______________(big)apple in the basket.
(3)He runs ______________(fast)every day.
过关训练
一、写出下列词的比较级和最高级:
(1)thin:比较级_________________ 最高级_________________
(2)well:比较级_________________ 最高级_________________
(3)late: 比较级_________________ 最高级_________________
二、选出下列句子中错误的一项,并改正:
(1)My brother is tall than me. ( )_________________
(2)This is the more delicious food I have ever eaten. ( )_________________
三、用所给词的适当形式填空:
(1)Tom is _________________(happy)today because he got a good grade.
(2)She runs _________________(slowly)than her friend.
(3)This is the _________________(bad)day for me this year.
考点四
词汇辨析与固定搭配(浙江高频)
· 易混词汇辨析(小升初常考):
1. 动词:look(看,强调动作,look at)/ see(看见,强调结果)/ watch(观看,专注看,watch TV);say(说,接具体内容)/ speak(说,接语言,speak English)/ talk(谈论,talk to/with sb)。
2. 介词:in(年/月/季节/上午下午,in 2026/in summer)/ on(具体日期/星期,on Monday/on June 1st)/ at(具体时间点,at 7 o’clock);for(时间段,for two hours)/ of(…的)。
3. 限定词:many(接可数名词复数)/ much(接不可数名词)/ a lot of/lots of(接可数/不可数名词)。
· 固定搭配(必考,需熟记):
1. 动词短语:go to school、get up、go to bed、look for(寻找)、look after(照顾)、take care of(照顾)、play football。
2. 介词短语:in front of、next to、in the morning、on the weekend。
3. 常用搭配:be good at(擅长)、be late for(迟到)、a glass of water、a piece of paper。
考点再现
一、选出下列句子中划线单词的正确选项
( )(1)Can you ______ English?
A. say B. speak C. talk D. look
( )(2)He ______ a book yesterday evening.
A. look B. see C. watched D. read
二、用适当的介词填空:
(1)We go to school __________ Monday to Friday.
(2)He gets up __________ 6:30 every morning.
(3)There is a book __________ the desk.
三、选出下列句子中固定搭配错误的一项( )
A. She is good at singing. B. He is late to school.
C. I look after my little sister. D. They play football after school.
过关训练
一、选词填空(say, speak, talk, see):
(1)My mother often _____________ to my teacher about my study.
(2)Can you _____________ “hello” in Chinese?
(3)I _____________ a bird in the tree just now.
(4)She can ____________ three languages.
二、用适当的介词填空:
(1)It’s hot ___________ summer.
(2)The book is ____________ the bag.
(3)We have dinner ____________ 7:00 p.m.
三、用所给词的适当形式填空(结合固定搭配):
(1)She _____________(be good at)dancing.
(2)Don’t ____________(be late for)school.
(3)He ______________(look for)his pen now.
一、写出下列单词的适当形式(每题2分,共20分)
1. baby(复数)___________ 2. knife(复数)___________ 3. play(三单)___________
4. go(过去式) ___________ 5. study(现在分词)___________ 6. happy(比较级)___________
7. good(最高级)___________ 8. thin(比较级)___________ 9. see(过去分词)___________
10. run(现在分词)___________
二、选出每组中不同类的单词(每题3分,共30分)
( ) 1. A. book B. pen C. bag D. water
( ) 2. A. eat B. run C. happy D. play
( ) 3. A. tall B. short C. fast D. big
( ) 4. A. Monday B. Sunday C. today D. Friday
( ) 5. A. in B. on C. at D. is
( ) 6. A. child B. children C. student D. teacher
( ) 7. A. good B. well C. better D. nice
( ) 8. A. sing B. dancing C. reading D. running
( ) 9. A. much B. many C. lot D. a lot of
( ) 10. A. look B. see C. watch D. talk
三、按要求完成下列各题(每题5分,共50分)
1. 用所给名词的适当形式填空:
(1)There are five __________(box)on the desk.
(2)I want some __________(milk)and two __________(egg).
(3)These are the __________(woman)bags.
2. 用所给动词的适当形式填空:
(1)He __________(play)football every afternoon.
(2)They __________(go)to the park yesterday.
(3)She __________(write)a letter now.
(4)We __________(can)speak English.
3. 用所给词的适当形式填空(形容词/副词):
(1)This flower is __________(beautiful)than that one.
(2)She runs __________(fast)in our class.
(3)He is __________(happy)today.
3. 选词填空(say, speak, talk, see):
(1)My father often __________ with my teacher.
(2)Can you __________ Japanese?
(3)I __________ him in the street yesterday.
(4)She __________ “I love you” to her mother.
4. 用适当的介词填空:
(1)We have class __________ the morning.
(2)He was born __________ June.
(3)She goes to bed __________ 9:30.
(4)The ball is __________ the chair.
5. 判断下列句子是否正确(正确写T,错误写F),并改正错误句子:
(1)There are many child in the park. ( )__________
(2)He plays basketball yesterday. ( )__________
(3)She is good at swim. ( )__________
6. 写出下列不规则动词的过去式和过去分词:
(1)do:__________ / __________ (2)eat:__________ / __________
(3)take:__________ / __________
7. 用所给词的适当形式填空(结合所有格):
(1)This is __________(Tom)bag.
(2)These are the __________(children)toys.
(3)It’s __________(Lucy and Lily)room.
8. 选择合适的限定词填空(many/much/a lot of):
(1)There is __________ water in the bottle.
(2)There are __________ books on the desk.
(3)I have __________ friends in my school.
9. 根据句意写出所缺单词(结合固定搭配):
(1)My sister is good __________ drawing.
(2)Don’t be late __________ the meeting.
(3)I am looking __________ my lost pen.
答案与解析
考点一:
考点再现:
1.(1)babies(2)knives(3)children(4)tomatoes(5)sheep;2. B;3.(1)F(2)T
过关训练:
(1) leaves(2)cities(3)mice(4)women(5)photos;2. C;
3.(1)trees(2)bread、eggs(3)students’
考点二:
考点再现:
1.(1)plays、played、playing(2)goes、went、going(3)studies、studied、studying;2. B;3.(1)ate(2)is writing(3)can
过关训练:
1.(1)saw、seen(2)did、done(3)took、taken;2.(1)go→goes(2)read→reading;3.(1)cooks(2)didn’t go(3)are running
考点三:
考点再现:
1.(1)taller、tallest(2)happier、happiest(3)better、best;2. B;3.(1)better(2)biggest(3)fast
过关训练:
1.(1)thinner、thinnest(2)better、best(3)later、latest;2.(1)tall→taller(2)more→most;3.(1)happy(2)more slowly(3)worst
考点四:
考点再现:
1.(1)B(2)D;2.(1)from(2)at(3)on;3. B
过关训练:
1.(1)talks(2)say(3)saw(4)speak;2.(1)in(2)in(3)at;3.(1)is good at(2)be late for(3)is looking for
一、写出单词适当形式
babies 2. knives 3. plays 4. went 5. studying 6. happier 7. best 8. thinner 9. seen 10. running
解析:重点考查名词、动词、形副的核心变化,注意不规则和重读闭音节双写规则。
二、选出不同类的单词
1.D 2.C 3.C 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.D
解析:1.水是不可数名词,其余是文具;2.开心是形容词,其余是动词;3.快地是副词,其余是形容词;4.今天是时间副词,其余是星期;5.是be动词,其余是介词;6.是复数,其余是单数;7.是比较级,其余是原级;8.是动词原形,其余是现在分词;9.无单独lot用法,其余表“许多”;10.谈论,其余表“看”。
三、按要求完成各题
1.(1)boxes(2)milk、eggs(3)women’s
解析:box加-es,milk不可数,woman复数变women后加所有格。
2.(1)plays(2)went(3)is writing(4)can
解析:every afternoon用三单,yesterday用过去式,now用现在进行时,情态动词用原形。
3.(1)more beautiful(2)fastest(3)happy
解析:多音节词比较级加more,in our class用最高级,系动词后用形容词原级。
4.(1)talks(2)speak(3)saw(4)says
解析:talk with sb表交谈,speak接语言,yesterday用过去式,say接具体内容。
5.(1)in(2)in(3)at(4)under/on
解析:in the morning固定搭配,月份用in,时间点用at,方位介词合理即可。
6.(1)F child→children(2)F plays→played(3)F swim→swimming
解析:many接可数复数,yesterday用过去式,be good at后接动名词。
7.(1)did/done(2)ate/eaten(3)took/taken
解析:小升初核心不规则动词,需熟记。
8.(1)Tom’s(2)children’s(3)Lucy and Lily's
解析:单数名词加’s,不规则复数加’s,共同所有格最后一个名词加’s。
9.(1)much(2)many(3)a lot of
解析:much接不可数,many接可数复数,a lot of可接两者。
10.(1)at(2)for(3)for
解析:be good at擅长,be late for迟到,look for寻找,均为固定搭配。
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